Physical Geography最新文献

{"title":"Phenoclimatology: development and applications in North America","authors":"Mark D. Schwartz, Theresa M. Crimmins","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2024.2313783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2024.2313783","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a brief overview and history of “phenoclimatology”, a subdiscipline of climatology, emphasizing atmosphere-biosphere interactions. Here, we describe the establishment and recent...","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139772236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cool season near-surface wind speed trends across the central Appalachian Mountains region of the eastern United States, 1995-2022","authors":"Andrew W. Ellis","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2023.2275815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2023.2275815","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTPrompted by recent findings of a common trend toward lesser near-surface winds (NSW), or stilling, time series of cool season NSW variables for 20 stations in the central Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States were examined for trends during the period 1995–2022. While not universal across the station array, results generally indicate an increase in the frequency of calm conditions, a decrease in mean wind velocity, and a decrease in the frequency of high-wind days. Contrasting this was a general increase in high-wind gust days. The evidence for stilling was supported by an increase in the frequency of days with a 12-hour pressure change of zero and an apparent strengthening and northwestward expansion of the subtropical ridge over the region. Supporting the increase in high-wind gust days was an increase in the frequency of days with a large 3-hour pressure change, and lesser geopotential heights in the lower atmosphere northwest of the region, which contrasts the expanding subtropical ridge and together presents the potential for periodic placement of stronger dynamics across the region.KEYWORDS: Near-surface windAppalachian mountainsstilling AcknowledgmentsThe author thanks Mr. Jacob Feurer for assistance with data preparation, Mr. Ryan Holgerson for providing editorial comments, and two anonymous reviewers for significant guidance that improved the manuscript greatly.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementMETAR wind data are available from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet (IEM) data archive at Iowa State University https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/request/download.phtml and the Integrated Surface Database of the United States National Centers for Environmental Information (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/search/data-search/global-hourly). United States National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data are available at https://psl.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/data/composites/printpage.pl. Alternately, the distilled data used in the study can be obtained from the author (awellis@vt.edu).","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":"159 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136262594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning for cave entrance detection in a Maya archaeological area","authors":"L.D. Character, T. Beach, S Luzzadder-Beach, D. Cook, C. Schank, F. Valdez, M. Mallner","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2023.2261182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2023.2261182","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTMachine learning can offer an efficient method to identify and map caves, sinkholes, and other cave-like features (i.e. sinkholes, rockshelters, voids) using remotely sensed imagery. While there exists a body of work applying machine learning for sinkhole identification, little work exists for caves. In the densely forested and rugged Maya Lowlands, developing such a methodology can help archaeologists to identify previously unknown caves that may contain important archaeological materials. Here, we introduce a proof-of-concept project that uses random forest and lidar-derived landscape morphometrics to map caves and other cave-like features in northwest Belize. Several undocumented caves and cave-like features were identified in our study area based on model results. Next steps towards making a more robust version of this model include the addition of more training data and integration of a larger number of morphologic parameters. Based on the results described here as well as those in cited works focused on caves, we proposed machine learning as a first step in cave and cave-like feature identification, followed then by fieldwork and ground-truthing.KEYWORDS: Machine learningMayacaveslidarGISRemote sensing AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank the Sewanee Landscape Analysis Lab and the Lab Manager, Dr. Christopher Van de Ven, for providing the Sewanee dataset. We would like to thank the Sewanee Outing Program and John Benson for sharing his knowledge of Sewanee caves.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe code that supports the findings of this study is available from the corresponding author, Leila Character, upon reasonable request: since caves can contain artifacts and sometimes are protected in and of themselves, the authors have chosen to not to make the code freely available. The availability of the lidar data would require further conversations and appropriate permissions from all parties involved in data collection.","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinguishing glacial diamictons and landforms using till macrofabric and grain size analysis: Serra da Cabreira Mountains, NW Portugal","authors":"João Bessa Santos, Madison DeJarlais","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2023.2266199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2023.2266199","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTInformation on the nature of processes occurring in modern glaciers can be obtained through the study of diamictons and landforms that are the product of past glaciations. Macrofabric and grain size analysis of late Quaternary glacial diamictons and moraines present in several valleys of the Serra da Cabreira Mountains in northwest Portugal revealed the presence of two types of diamictons deposited in different stages and were used to re-construct the glacial paleo process history of this mountainous region. Supraglacial melt-out tills and paraglacially reworked tills by debris flows are dominant in this range. Supraglacial melt-out tills, representative of periods of glacial stability followed by recession, present girdle to transitional fabrics and coarser to medium, poorly sorted sediments. Paraglacially reworked tills by debris flows, representative of postglacial mass wasting activity, present girdle fabrics and coarser, poorly sorted sediments. These diamictons and landforms are of particular importance in the reconstruction of the glacial dynamics and history of the Serra da Cabreira Mountains due to a scarcity of chronological data based on absolute dating methods. These Atlantic mountains are also the lowest glaciated range in the Iberian Peninsula, which makes them a compelling area to investigate mountain glacial dynamics in low-elevation Atlantic ranges.KEYWORDS: Glacial geomorphologytill macrofabricgrain sizeSerra da cabreira mountainsNW Portugal AcknowledgmentsWe thank the Department of Geology at San Jose State University and Ryan Portner, Director of the Sedimentology Lab, for supporting the grain size analysis work. We also thank Alberto Gomes, Edgar Figueira, and Jorge Costa from the Department of Geography at the University of Porto, Portugal for fieldwork assistance. A special thank you to Helder Santos for some of the photographic work.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Joao Santos, upon reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135350983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field based inventory of river bank erosion susceptibility model (BESI) of Raidak-II river in the Himalayan foreland basin","authors":"Supriya Ghosh, Sudipa Sarkar, Biswajit Bera","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2023.2261180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2023.2261180","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTRiver bank erosion is a fluvio-hydrological hazard, and sometimes, it turns into disaster in the human-encroached river bank and flood plain. The principal objective of this study is to detect the river bank erosion potential zone using new Bank Erosion Susceptibility Index (BESI) model and spatiotemporal shifting of river Raidak-II (1980–2020). Sedimentary bank facies (SBF) analysis was conducted to identify the nature of cohesiveness of bank materials. The result showed that the maximum average lateral shifting (213.20 m) was recorded in the year 1990 (right bank), whereas the minimum average shifting (77.32 m) was measured in the year 2020 (right bank). The result also showed that the right bank of Raidak-II was mostly oscillated due to poorly sorted quaternary non-cohesive bank materials. The Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) model showed that 46.15% and 50% bank erosion sites are fallen in high-to-extreme bank erosion susceptibility zones in the years 2020 and 2022. In the case of BESI model, 69.23% and77.77% bank erosion sites are confined in high-to-extreme bank erosion susceptibility zones in the years 2020 and 2022. Therefore, BSEI model gives more precise results compared with BEHI due to three additional factors. The poorly sorted non-cohesive quaternary sediments stimulate high rate of bank erosion within Himalayan foreland basin.KEYWORDS: Bank Erosion Susceptibility Index (BESI)sedimentary bank facies analysiscohesiveness of bank materialsbank line shifting AcknowledgmentsWe thank Geological Survey of India and the local people of North Bengal for providing the valuable information and laboratory assistance.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe analyzed data that support the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary information files.Supplementary materialSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2023.2261180Author contributionsB. Bera conceptualized, formalized, investigated, supervised, edited and modified the whole manuscript. S. Ghosh analyzed, formalized and wrote the draft manuscript. S. Sarkar acquired, analyzed, visualized data and wrote the draft manuscript. All authors are carefully read and approved the final manuscript.Additional informationFundingThere is no funding for this investigation.","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134887216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of the National Water Model for a mid-Atlantic suburban watershed","authors":"Saber E. Brasher, Daniel J. Leathers, Christina L. Callahan, Kathryn E. Giesa","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2023.2260546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2023.2260546","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTDischarge values from the National Water Model (NWM) were compared to USGS stream gage discharge observations for the suburban Red Clay Creek watershed (drainage area ~140 km2 and mixed land-use), in Pennsylvania and Delaware, from 2016 to 2018. 18-hour retrospective simulations from the NWM were used with concurrent hourly USGS discharge observations from three locations along the Red Clay Creek. Results indicate that the mean of discharge estimates from the NWM and from USGS observations significantly differed and that the NWM generally underestimates low-flow conditions and overestimates high-flow conditions. Watershed size also impacted NWM performance (with performance degrading in smaller watersheds). A meteorological analysis determined that convective rainfall events were associated with 66% of the largest differences between NWM discharge estimates and USGS observations while mid-latitude cyclone stratiform precipitation events accounted for the other 34%. Lastly, of the largest 15 differences between the NWM and observations, 13 occurred with pre-cursor soil moisture that was below the mean (dry soil conditions), in conjunction with heavy rainfall. Given the NWM’s recent operational implementation, and its status as Prototype guidance, the results of this study present specific geographical and climatological findings that can aid in the NWM’s continued validation and improvement for similar regions.KEYWORDS: National water modelstreamflowmid-atlanticwatershed analysisClimatewater Resources AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank the anonymous peer reviewers for their suggestions as well as Kevin Brinson and Chris Hughes for their helpful comments whilst revising this manuscript for publication.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Data availability statementThe authors confirm that data used for this research are publicly available and can be accessed by the links and references provided.Additional informationFundingThis publication was made possible by the National Science Foundation EPSCoR Grant No. 1757353 and the State of Delaware.","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136236814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The modern natural tombolos of Greece","authors":"Stelios Petrakis, Dimitra I. Malliouri, Dimitrios Vandarakis, Vyron Moraitis, Georgios-Angelos Hatiris, Paraskevi Drakopoulou, Manolis Arapis, Vasilios Kapsimalis","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2023.2261177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2023.2261177","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTFormation and evolution processes of natural tombolos involve many interrelated geomorphological, sedimentary, oceanographic and anthropogenic factors, making their measurement and simulation an extremely difficult task. The present study attempts to fill this knowledge gap by detecting the natural tombolos in Greece, formed in the current sea level, through the statistical analysis of their morphometric and socio-environmental parameters. In addition, the long-term evolution of these coastal depositional landscapes has been determined by comparing old aerial photos taken in 1945 or 1960 and recent satellite images taken from 2020 to 2022. Two thirds of the twenty tombolos studied are subject to erosion, while eight are sporadically destroyed and turned into salients. The Greek tombolos are mildly or heavily exploited for touristic purposes, and fourteen of them are protected by national and international environmental laws. Future studies need to focus on the unstable type of these coastal landforms that are modified from tombolo to salient and vice versa to obtain helpful information about the morphodynamic conditions necessary for their evolution.KEYWORDS: Sandy isthmusforelandscoastal erosionshoreline displacementcoastal geomorphologyHolocene AcknowledgmentsThe authors acknowledge support of this work by the project “Development of the infrastructure, human resources and marine research and innovation of the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) in the Region of S. Aegean” (MIS 5045792) which is implemented under the Action “Enhancement of the Research and Innovation Infrastructure”, funded by the Operational Programme “Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (NSRF 2014-2020) and co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund).The authors thank Stelios Trikkas for providing the aerial photo of the Apokrisi tombolo, Kythnos island, used for the background of the graphical abstract and the five anonymous reviewers that, through their fruitful comments and suggestions, improved the quality of the paper significantly.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe data that support the findings of this study can be made available, upon reasonable request from the corresponding author at s.petrakis@hcmr.grAdditional informationFundingThe work was supported by the ”Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (NSRF 2014-2020) [MIS 5045792].","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136314012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precipitation as a key control on erosion rates in the tectonically inactive northeastern Sonoran Desert, central Arizona, USA","authors":"A. Jeong, Y. Seong, Ronald I. Dorn, Byung Yong Yu","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2023.2251654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2023.2251654","url":null,"abstract":"Langbein and Schumm (1958) connected precipitation to erosion in a right-skewed curve used in earth science textbooks for over six decades, where denudation increases with precipitation on the arid/semiarid limb and decreases in humid regions. Development of the catchment-averaged 10 Be denudation method a quarter-century ago led geomorphologists to evaluate this hypothesis using data not influenced by the Anthropocene, with mixed findings. The Sonoran Desert in Arizona, USA, is optimal for investigating the longstanding hypothesis of increased erosion from arid to semiarid climates due to: (i) the modern orographic effect aligning elevated precipitation with altitude, mirroring Neotoma packrat midden paleoecology research for the Holocene and late Pleistocene; (ii) the region has been tectonically quiet for the residence times of analyzed 10 Be ranging from ca. 8,000-110,000 years. Our significant finding echoes Langbein and Schumm's work, revealing heightened erosion along an elevation-precipitation gradient from arid to semiarid conditions. Notably, the significance of precipitation-elevation contrasts with the absence of significant correlation between 10 Be denudation and attributes like slope, drainage area, relief, or landform type (e.g., alluvial fan, pediment, mountain watershed). Modern faunalturbation, increasing along this gradient, exposes more ground to rainsplash and overland flow at higher elevations, adding complexity to these results. Further insights unveil that (i) catchments in areas with substantial Quaternary base level reduction imitate tectonic effects, tripling 10 Be denudation rates; (ii) basaltic boulders and cobbles yield an armoring influence; (iii) historical erosion acceleration due to urbanization and wildfires insignificantly affects 10 Be denudation rates in the Sonoran Desert; and (iv) minute desert catchments yield anomalous erosion rates.","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47232350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of landslide susceptibility using machine learning classifiers in Ziz upper watershed, SE Morocco","authors":"Mohamed Manaouch, M. Sadiki, Mohamed Aghad, Quoc Bao Pham, Mohcine Batchi, Jamal Al Karkouri","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2023.2250174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2023.2250174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44479413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic approach and potential anthropic indices to understanding cross-sectional morphology and landscape modification of a tropical river Basin, India","authors":"Susmita Ghosh, A. Islam, A. Quesada-Román, A. Islam, S. Pal, B. Das","doi":"10.1080/02723646.2023.2236839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02723646.2023.2236839","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54618,"journal":{"name":"Physical Geography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48535784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}