Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2021.2009262
{"title":"Many thanks for New Genetics and Society reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2021.2009262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2021.2009262","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74378081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2021.1997578
Ayo Wahlberg, D. Dong, Priscilla Song, Zhu Jianfeng
In November 2018, a scientific scandal broke when news emerged that the world’s first gene edited babies had been born in China on the eve of the 2nd International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong. He Jiankui had recruited a total of seven couples who were in need of fertility treatment to participate in an effort to clinically apply human embryo editing with the promise that, if successful, their future children would be protected from HIV. While He Jiankui has since been jailed for illegal medical practice and much has been written about his unethical and flawed “experiment,” in this article we suggest that the Hong Kong summit nevertheless marked the moment when human embryo editing came to be platformed. Human embryo editing brings together a complete set of new reproductive and genetic technologies into a total bio-reproductive platform shaped by socio-technical “disease free” imaginaries.
{"title":"The platforming of human embryo editing: prospecting “disease free” futures","authors":"Ayo Wahlberg, D. Dong, Priscilla Song, Zhu Jianfeng","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2021.1997578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2021.1997578","url":null,"abstract":"In November 2018, a scientific scandal broke when news emerged that the world’s first gene edited babies had been born in China on the eve of the 2nd International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong. He Jiankui had recruited a total of seven couples who were in need of fertility treatment to participate in an effort to clinically apply human embryo editing with the promise that, if successful, their future children would be protected from HIV. While He Jiankui has since been jailed for illegal medical practice and much has been written about his unethical and flawed “experiment,” in this article we suggest that the Hong Kong summit nevertheless marked the moment when human embryo editing came to be platformed. Human embryo editing brings together a complete set of new reproductive and genetic technologies into a total bio-reproductive platform shaped by socio-technical “disease free” imaginaries.","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89841723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2021.1951194
Jinhong Choi
very small issues. Kirkland is a master of the material and her meticulous scholarship has much to commend it. This book should be of great interest to her intended audiences in socio-legal studies and STS. Medical sociologists, anthropologists, historians, and scholars of health policy will also find this book valuable as it generates important insights that usefully inform broader debates about and understandings of vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccine social movements. “Vaccine Court” was written before the current COVID-19 pandemic, which has arguably given vaccination a new social and political significance and visibility. Though at the time of writing this review, COVID-19 vaccines are not on the list of vaccines eligible for compensation via the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (at least whilst a declaration of a public health emergency remains in place), it will be interesting to observe if and how these vaccines and any claims of harm reflect and potentially shape the epistemic politics of vaccine injury more generally.
{"title":"The color of creatorship: intellectual property, race, and the making of Americans","authors":"Jinhong Choi","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2021.1951194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2021.1951194","url":null,"abstract":"very small issues. Kirkland is a master of the material and her meticulous scholarship has much to commend it. This book should be of great interest to her intended audiences in socio-legal studies and STS. Medical sociologists, anthropologists, historians, and scholars of health policy will also find this book valuable as it generates important insights that usefully inform broader debates about and understandings of vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccine social movements. “Vaccine Court” was written before the current COVID-19 pandemic, which has arguably given vaccination a new social and political significance and visibility. Though at the time of writing this review, COVID-19 vaccines are not on the list of vaccines eligible for compensation via the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (at least whilst a declaration of a public health emergency remains in place), it will be interesting to observe if and how these vaccines and any claims of harm reflect and potentially shape the epistemic politics of vaccine injury more generally.","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90438879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.1080/14699915.2021.1932451
Paul A. Martin, Ilke Turkmendag
Two major reports in the UK and USA have recently sanctioned as ethically acceptable genome editing of future generations for the treatment of serious rare inherited conditions. This marks an important turning point in the application of recombinant DNA techniques to humans. The central question this paper addresses is how did it became possible for human genetic engineering (HGE) of future generations to move from an illegitimate idea associated with eugenics in the 1980s to a concrete proposal sanctioned by scientists and bioethicists in 2020? The paper uses the concept of a regime of normativity to understand the co-evolution and mutual shaping of technology, imaginaries, norms and governance processes in debates about HGE in the USA and UK. It will be argued that interlinked discursive, institutional, political and technological changes have made proposals for the use of genome editing in the genetic engineering of future generations both “thinkable” and legitimate.
{"title":"Thinking the unthinkable: how did human germline genome editing become ethically acceptable?","authors":"Paul A. Martin, Ilke Turkmendag","doi":"10.1080/14699915.2021.1932451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14699915.2021.1932451","url":null,"abstract":"Two major reports in the UK and USA have recently sanctioned as ethically acceptable genome editing of future generations for the treatment of serious rare inherited conditions. This marks an important turning point in the application of recombinant DNA techniques to humans. The central question this paper addresses is how did it became possible for human genetic engineering (HGE) of future generations to move from an illegitimate idea associated with eugenics in the 1980s to a concrete proposal sanctioned by scientists and bioethicists in 2020? The paper uses the concept of a regime of normativity to understand the co-evolution and mutual shaping of technology, imaginaries, norms and governance processes in debates about HGE in the USA and UK. It will be argued that interlinked discursive, institutional, political and technological changes have made proposals for the use of genome editing in the genetic engineering of future generations both “thinkable” and legitimate.","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84205138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2021.1941829
Y. Liaw, Ilke Turkmendag, K. Hollingsworth
Heritable genome editing (HGE) is prohibited by several international conventions for a number of reasons, including the protection of “genetic identity.” This article provides a conceptual analysis of the concept of “genetic identity” and offers normative reflections as to how it should be interpreted in the context of HGE. In particular, this article examines the purported right to retain “genetic identity” and the right-to-know “genetic identity” in order to explore the possible implications of these understandings on the debate concerning HGE on nuclear genome. We argue that a right to retain “genetic identity,” that is a right to an untampered genome, is unlikely to be plausibly established if the current international provisions are used as the basis for governing the use of HGE, due to both conceptual and practical ambiguities. We note that the international framework may be more nuanced if it directly engages with what it means to “preserve humanity.” Furthermore, drawing on the existing literature on identity formation, we argue that “genetic identity” based on a narrative-based understanding of identity should be given more weight in the context of HGE because it better safeguards the interests of the children born via the technology, should the technology be legalized for clinical use.
{"title":"Reinterpreting “genetic identity” in the regulatory and ethical context of heritable genome editing","authors":"Y. Liaw, Ilke Turkmendag, K. Hollingsworth","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2021.1941829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2021.1941829","url":null,"abstract":"Heritable genome editing (HGE) is prohibited by several international conventions for a number of reasons, including the protection of “genetic identity.” This article provides a conceptual analysis of the concept of “genetic identity” and offers normative reflections as to how it should be interpreted in the context of HGE. In particular, this article examines the purported right to retain “genetic identity” and the right-to-know “genetic identity” in order to explore the possible implications of these understandings on the debate concerning HGE on nuclear genome. We argue that a right to retain “genetic identity,” that is a right to an untampered genome, is unlikely to be plausibly established if the current international provisions are used as the basis for governing the use of HGE, due to both conceptual and practical ambiguities. We note that the international framework may be more nuanced if it directly engages with what it means to “preserve humanity.” Furthermore, drawing on the existing literature on identity formation, we argue that “genetic identity” based on a narrative-based understanding of identity should be given more weight in the context of HGE because it better safeguards the interests of the children born via the technology, should the technology be legalized for clinical use.","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77914866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-29DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2021.1924647
T. Douglass
relating everything back to the QS movement – rather than more ubiquitous and quotidien self-tracking practices – seem a little forced in places. This is a minor criticism, however, and one that is equally true of many social scientists’ analyses of self-tracking. By drawing on an enormously rich set of literary and cultural texts spanning a large historical period, this volume makes clear that the concerns animating the QS movement have a long and fascinating genealogy. It will be of as much interest to social scientists and STS scholars as it is to literary and cultural studies specialists.
{"title":"Vaccine court – the law and politics of injury","authors":"T. Douglass","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2021.1924647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2021.1924647","url":null,"abstract":"relating everything back to the QS movement – rather than more ubiquitous and quotidien self-tracking practices – seem a little forced in places. This is a minor criticism, however, and one that is equally true of many social scientists’ analyses of self-tracking. By drawing on an enormously rich set of literary and cultural texts spanning a large historical period, this volume makes clear that the concerns animating the QS movement have a long and fascinating genealogy. It will be of as much interest to social scientists and STS scholars as it is to literary and cultural studies specialists.","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86350006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-28DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2021.1889364
Joe Strong
GUYnecology is an ambitious work, interrogating the ‘missing’ science of men’s reproduction through uncovering the origins and reproductions of “non-knowledge” [p. 5]. Focused on the United States,...
{"title":"GUYnecology: the missing science of men’s reproductive health","authors":"Joe Strong","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2021.1889364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2021.1889364","url":null,"abstract":"GUYnecology is an ambitious work, interrogating the ‘missing’ science of men’s reproduction through uncovering the origins and reproductions of “non-knowledge” [p. 5]. Focused on the United States,...","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85624233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-28DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2021.1890007
D. Chavez-Yenter
Modern genomics have had numerous breakthroughs and progressions of their technologies being able to directly edit human DNA (Stein 2020), quantify inherited cancer risk via clinical genetic testin...
{"title":"Mapping humanity: how modern genetics is changing criminal justice, personalized medicine, and our identities","authors":"D. Chavez-Yenter","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2021.1890007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2021.1890007","url":null,"abstract":"Modern genomics have had numerous breakthroughs and progressions of their technologies being able to directly edit human DNA (Stein 2020), quantify inherited cancer risk via clinical genetic testin...","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90693939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2021.1889363
Stephen Molldrem
{"title":"Avian reservoirs: virus hunters and birdwatchers in Chinese sentinel posts","authors":"Stephen Molldrem","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2021.1889363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2021.1889363","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80694693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-31DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2020.1868988
Daniel Strand, Anna Källén
In this article, we analyze how genetic genealogy reshapes popular notions of historical identity, as it facilitates a genetically informed understanding of ethnicity and ancestry. Drawing on interviews with Swedish, British and American individuals who have employed genetic ancestry tests (GATs) to prove ancestral connections to Vikings, we explore how the desire to “be a Viking” is articulated through a convergence of pre-existing discourses around Vikings and DNA. By combining signs from genetic science and popular depictions of Vikings, our interviewees create a new discourse of geneticized Viking identity. In this new discourse, socio-historically constructed ideas about Vikings are naturalized as the innate qualities of individuals who possess a certain genetic composition. Images of “the Viking” once created for political, cultural or commercial purposes are revived in new embodied forms and can start to circulate in new social contexts, where they, by association, appear to be confirmed by genetical science.
{"title":"I am a Viking! DNA, popular culture and the construction of geneticized identity","authors":"Daniel Strand, Anna Källén","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2020.1868988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2020.1868988","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we analyze how genetic genealogy reshapes popular notions of historical identity, as it facilitates a genetically informed understanding of ethnicity and ancestry. Drawing on interviews with Swedish, British and American individuals who have employed genetic ancestry tests (GATs) to prove ancestral connections to Vikings, we explore how the desire to “be a Viking” is articulated through a convergence of pre-existing discourses around Vikings and DNA. By combining signs from genetic science and popular depictions of Vikings, our interviewees create a new discourse of geneticized Viking identity. In this new discourse, socio-historically constructed ideas about Vikings are naturalized as the innate qualities of individuals who possess a certain genetic composition. Images of “the Viking” once created for political, cultural or commercial purposes are revived in new embodied forms and can start to circulate in new social contexts, where they, by association, appear to be confirmed by genetical science.","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76611947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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