Pub Date : 2020-07-31DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2020.1799344
Symon Palmer, O. Mercier
In Aotearoa New Zealand, the government’s ambitious target of becoming “predator-free” by 2050 has reignited public discussion on biotechnologies. The disproportionate abundance of German and common wasps in New Zealand disrupts native biodiversity and costs $133 million annually to the economy, making exotic wasps an expedient trial pest species for novel biotechnological controls. Māori businesses occupy primary industries said to benefit from wasp control. A Māori-centered mixed-method study gauged the perceptions of eight Māori businesses about the potential use of five specific new biotechnological controls in pest management. Participants raised concerns about risk and side effects; called for further information and a reconfiguring of how information is presented; reflected on previous pest challenges; and took positions in reference to Māori customary concepts. While all agree that doing nothing is not an option, careful, informed deliberation is required on whether and how best to move forward with these new biotechnological controls.
{"title":"Biotechnologies in pest wasp control: taking the sting out of pest management for Māori businesses?","authors":"Symon Palmer, O. Mercier","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2020.1799344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2020.1799344","url":null,"abstract":"In Aotearoa New Zealand, the government’s ambitious target of becoming “predator-free” by 2050 has reignited public discussion on biotechnologies. The disproportionate abundance of German and common wasps in New Zealand disrupts native biodiversity and costs $133 million annually to the economy, making exotic wasps an expedient trial pest species for novel biotechnological controls. Māori businesses occupy primary industries said to benefit from wasp control. A Māori-centered mixed-method study gauged the perceptions of eight Māori businesses about the potential use of five specific new biotechnological controls in pest management. Participants raised concerns about risk and side effects; called for further information and a reconfiguring of how information is presented; reflected on previous pest challenges; and took positions in reference to Māori customary concepts. While all agree that doing nothing is not an option, careful, informed deliberation is required on whether and how best to move forward with these new biotechnological controls.","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":"27 1","pages":"155 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83004247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-29DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2020.1799346
Annika Lonkila
How does non-human agency factor in nation-building? Sakari Tamminen explores this question through several in-depth and rich empirical cases, weaving together ethnographic fieldwork on multiple si...
{"title":"Non-humans in the making of nations","authors":"Annika Lonkila","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2020.1799346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2020.1799346","url":null,"abstract":"How does non-human agency factor in nation-building? Sakari Tamminen explores this question through several in-depth and rich empirical cases, weaving together ethnographic fieldwork on multiple si...","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"353 - 355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75484647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2020.1799345
Ivana Bogicevic, K. Rohrberg, E. Høgdall, M. Svendsen
This article explores the ethical challenges following the use of genetic information in experimental cancer treatment. In Danish healthcare, current ethical debates on the wider use of genetic information are highly focused on the heredity of genetic information. This focus accords with the international bioethical literature and the established practices of assessing inherited risks for cancer. Drawing on Pols’ (2003. “Enforcing Rights or Improving Care? The Interference of two Modes of Doing Good in Mental Health Care.” Sociology of Health & Illness 25 (4): 320–347. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.00349) concept of modes of doing good, we show that this has led to a certain understanding of the ethical challenges regarding genetic information – an understanding we term the germline mode. We argue that the germline mode overlooks crucial dilemmas facing healthcare professionals who use genetic information to target treatment directly at patients’ somatic mutations, i.e. alterations in the DNA occurring only in the tumor. In this article, we develop the concept of the somatic mode and explore the ethical challenges that emerge when genetic information takes a somatic turn.
{"title":"The somatic mode: doing good in targeted cancer therapy","authors":"Ivana Bogicevic, K. Rohrberg, E. Høgdall, M. Svendsen","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2020.1799345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2020.1799345","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the ethical challenges following the use of genetic information in experimental cancer treatment. In Danish healthcare, current ethical debates on the wider use of genetic information are highly focused on the heredity of genetic information. This focus accords with the international bioethical literature and the established practices of assessing inherited risks for cancer. Drawing on Pols’ (2003. “Enforcing Rights or Improving Care? The Interference of two Modes of Doing Good in Mental Health Care.” Sociology of Health & Illness 25 (4): 320–347. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.00349) concept of modes of doing good, we show that this has led to a certain understanding of the ethical challenges regarding genetic information – an understanding we term the germline mode. We argue that the germline mode overlooks crucial dilemmas facing healthcare professionals who use genetic information to target treatment directly at patients’ somatic mutations, i.e. alterations in the DNA occurring only in the tumor. In this article, we develop the concept of the somatic mode and explore the ethical challenges that emerge when genetic information takes a somatic turn.","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":"8 1","pages":"178 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79613032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2020.1802823
O. Katz, Yael Hashiloni-Dolev, C. Kroløkke, Aviad E. Raz
This foreword is written during the high time of the COVID-19 world epidemic. We are presently reminded that our advanced medical technologies are moving fast forward to realms unimaginable a few d...
{"title":"Frozen: social and bioethical aspects of cryopreservation","authors":"O. Katz, Yael Hashiloni-Dolev, C. Kroløkke, Aviad E. Raz","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2020.1802823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2020.1802823","url":null,"abstract":"This foreword is written during the high time of the COVID-19 world epidemic. We are presently reminded that our advanced medical technologies are moving fast forward to realms unimaginable a few d...","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":"30 1","pages":"243 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79943289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2020.1802822
K. Hoeyer
Frozen – it is rare to find an introduction to an academic collection that shares a title with a popular Disney movie. For this particular volume, it is strangely fitting. It is a special issue edi...
{"title":"Afterword: freezing technologies and melting distinctions","authors":"K. Hoeyer","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2020.1802822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2020.1802822","url":null,"abstract":"Frozen – it is rare to find an introduction to an academic collection that shares a title with a popular Disney movie. For this particular volume, it is strangely fitting. It is a special issue edi...","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":"56 1","pages":"352 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80813627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-16DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2020.1775565
D. Moore
Despite the growing consensus among molecular biologists that individual genes cannot determine traits (i.e., phenotypes) such as intelligence, shyness, or affinity for addictive substances – or ev...
{"title":"A genetic unraveling: book review of Making Sense of Genes by Kostas Kampourakis","authors":"D. Moore","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2020.1775565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2020.1775565","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the growing consensus among molecular biologists that individual genes cannot determine traits (i.e., phenotypes) such as intelligence, shyness, or affinity for addictive substances – or ev...","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":"97 1","pages":"242 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88411926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-16DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2020.1778460
Chase Ledin
Modern paternity is not simply a question for empirical analysis: “Who is the father?” Instead, as Nara Milanich argues, paternity must also be understood through normative inquiry: “What do we wan...
{"title":"Paternity: the elusive quest for the father","authors":"Chase Ledin","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2020.1778460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2020.1778460","url":null,"abstract":"Modern paternity is not simply a question for empirical analysis: “Who is the father?” Instead, as Nara Milanich argues, paternity must also be understood through normative inquiry: “What do we wan...","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":"16 1","pages":"246 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83429555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-14DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2020.1778459
Mianna Meskus, Venla Oikkonen
Therapies and prophylactics using biologically derived materials such as cells, microbes or tissues are often portrayed as key to increased future health. This article investigates the material preconditions of such visions. Building on feminist new materialist approaches, it explores the embodied material encounters between biologicals administered into living bodies and the vibrant materiality of the body. We investigate embodied material encounters through two biologicals, pandemic vaccines and stem cell therapies, focusing on vaccine-associated narcolepsy during the 2009 pandemic, and adverse reactions in an experimental stem cell therapy targeting an eye disease called AMD. We propose that the concept of embodied material encounter provides an important tool for STS by making visible the constitutive situatedness of risk and promise and the multiplicity of futures in therapeutically harnessed biological processes. We argue that ethically accountable visions of biomedical futures need to be anchored in a nuanced understanding of these embodied processes.
{"title":"Embodied material encounters and the ambiguous promise of biomedical futures: The case of biologically derived medicines","authors":"Mianna Meskus, Venla Oikkonen","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2020.1778459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2020.1778459","url":null,"abstract":"Therapies and prophylactics using biologically derived materials such as cells, microbes or tissues are often portrayed as key to increased future health. This article investigates the material preconditions of such visions. Building on feminist new materialist approaches, it explores the embodied material encounters between biologicals administered into living bodies and the vibrant materiality of the body. We investigate embodied material encounters through two biologicals, pandemic vaccines and stem cell therapies, focusing on vaccine-associated narcolepsy during the 2009 pandemic, and adverse reactions in an experimental stem cell therapy targeting an eye disease called AMD. We propose that the concept of embodied material encounter provides an important tool for STS by making visible the constitutive situatedness of risk and promise and the multiplicity of futures in therapeutically harnessed biological processes. We argue that ethically accountable visions of biomedical futures need to be anchored in a nuanced understanding of these embodied processes.","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":"14 1","pages":"441 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91032190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2020.1775563
C. Kroløkke, A. Bach
This article examines how cryopreserved ovarian tissue is potentiated as a menopausal prevention and/or treatment cure. Based on a multi-sited ethnographic study, the article empirically foregrounds scientific accounts and interviews with Danish female cancer patients who had ovarian tissue preserved. Using situational analysis as a methodological approach along with analytical perspectives on potentiality, we identify three framings revealing how cryotechnology intervenes with women’s reproductive aging: Cryopreservation as a risk management technology, as an optimizing technology, and as a synchronization technology. The article shows how the ability to cryopreserve ovarian tissue in order to reverse menopause draws upon an understanding of menopause as not only controllable but of cryopreservation as a resource-wise technology that manages women’s aging bodies. Suggesting “cryomedicalization” as a term, the article highlights how cryopreserved ovarian tissue (re)constitutes normative temporalities, produces new understandings of cryo-restoration and raises questions related to the cryopolitics of women’s aging.
{"title":"Putting menopause on ice: the cryomedicalization of reproductive aging","authors":"C. Kroløkke, A. Bach","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2020.1775563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2020.1775563","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how cryopreserved ovarian tissue is potentiated as a menopausal prevention and/or treatment cure. Based on a multi-sited ethnographic study, the article empirically foregrounds scientific accounts and interviews with Danish female cancer patients who had ovarian tissue preserved. Using situational analysis as a methodological approach along with analytical perspectives on potentiality, we identify three framings revealing how cryotechnology intervenes with women’s reproductive aging: Cryopreservation as a risk management technology, as an optimizing technology, and as a synchronization technology. The article shows how the ability to cryopreserve ovarian tissue in order to reverse menopause draws upon an understanding of menopause as not only controllable but of cryopreservation as a resource-wise technology that manages women’s aging bodies. Suggesting “cryomedicalization” as a term, the article highlights how cryopreserved ovarian tissue (re)constitutes normative temporalities, produces new understandings of cryo-restoration and raises questions related to the cryopolitics of women’s aging.","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":"16 1","pages":"288 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80971623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-05DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2020.1775564
Nora Komposch, C. Schurr
Sandra P. Gonzales-Santos’s A Portrait of Assisted Reproduction in Mexico offers a unique insight into the fast-growing field of assisted reproduction in Mexico. By presenting the sociocultural, po...
Sandra P. Gonzales-Santos的《墨西哥辅助生殖的肖像》为墨西哥快速发展的辅助生殖领域提供了一个独特的视角。通过展示社会文化，……
{"title":"A portrait of assisted reproduction in Mexico: scientific, political, and cultural interactions","authors":"Nora Komposch, C. Schurr","doi":"10.1080/14636778.2020.1775564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14636778.2020.1775564","url":null,"abstract":"Sandra P. Gonzales-Santos’s A Portrait of Assisted Reproduction in Mexico offers a unique insight into the fast-growing field of assisted reproduction in Mexico. By presenting the sociocultural, po...","PeriodicalId":54724,"journal":{"name":"New Genetics and Society","volume":"30 1","pages":"240 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86631322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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