Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research最新文献

{"title":"Conditions for formation and preservation of andesite-hosted mafic enclaves during the 2018 Lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea","authors":"Rose Gallo ,&nbsp;Thomas Shea ,&nbsp;Alan Whittington ,&nbsp;Ashley Emerson ,&nbsp;Joseph Boro ,&nbsp;Adrien J. Mourey","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Andesites erupted at Kīlauea in 2018 in the Lower East Rift Zone for the first time in the known geological record. The evolved lavas erupted at Fissure 17 of the 2018 eruption, ranging from andesites to basaltic andesites, contain abundant mafic enclaves both in the lava flows and the ejecta, which are unusual at Kīlauea and in Hawai'i in general. Textural observations indicate that the enclaves originate from incomplete mixing of two magmas rather than the incorporation of cold basaltic wall rock. We suggest, on the basis of bulk and mineral compositions, that the source of the mafic enclaves is the early 2018 evolved basalt magma (phase 1b) that erupted concomitantly at adjacent fissures, which mixed with the andesite to produce the range of basaltic andesite compositions observed at Fissure 17. The coexistence of homogenized basaltic andesites and mafic enclaves within the same magma require a mixing mechanism resulting in both complete homogenization and preservation of enclaves. We propose that the range of mixing and mingling processes may be explained by spatial and temporal variability in the mixing percentages of the phase 1b basalt and the andesite within the andesite magma chamber. Field observations, chemical compositions, and 2D thermal conduction models suggest that enclaves are preserved where the basalt contribution to mixing is less than roughly 40 %, as a result of microlite crystallization leading to rigidification of the enclave magma. Above this threshold, the mixed magmas became largely homogenized. The scarcity of mafic enclaves at Kīlauea and in the Hawai'i igneous record is likely explained by mixing between magmas that lack sufficient compositional and rheological contrasts to preserve them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 108205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satellite measurement of forest disturbance, recovery and deposit distribution following explosive volcanic eruptions","authors":"M.L. Udy ,&nbsp;S.K. Ebmeier ,&nbsp;S.F.L. Watt ,&nbsp;A. Hooper ,&nbsp;A. Paredes","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The characteristics and extent of forest damage, and the subsequent patterns of recovery, reflect the intensity of an explosive volcanic eruption and have the potential to be a novel proxy for eruption magnitude and impact. Using satellite measurements of vegetation damage and recovery patterns, following the 2015 explosive eruption of Calbuco, Chile, we assess the impact on surrounding temperate forests and how areas impacted by different deposit types recover post-eruption. The Calbuco eruption resulted in tephra deposition over hundreds of square kilometres, pyroclastic flows extending 6 km and lahars extending 15 km. We explore NDVI derived from optical imagery (June 2013–May 2023) as well as radar backscatter and phase coherence (October 2014–June 2023) through time series analysis, clustering and estimation of recovery timescales to find patterns in forest disturbance and recovery. We find that forest damage and recovery correspond primarily with deposit type, thickness and dispersal directions. The thickest tephra deposits (<span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span> 40 cm) correlate with the most vegetation loss, so our vegetation impact maps allow us to refine the spatial mapping of tephra fall-deposit isopachs to give a revised eruption volume of 0.28 km³. Vegetation recovery rates relate to initial impact type and intensity, but also local topography, aspect and altitude. Our results demonstrate a novel application of optical and radar satellite remote sensing to determine eruption extents and magnitudes through vegetation disturbance. We show that measuring vegetation disturbance, particularly in remote and densely vegetated environments, can help refine field-based analyses in inaccessible or intensely damaged zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 108204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New evidence of Holocene pyroclastic density currents at Galeras volcano, Colombia","authors":"Gina Bolaños-Cabrera ,&nbsp;Hugo Murcia ,&nbsp;David Llano-Montenegro ,&nbsp;Jean-Claude Thouret ,&nbsp;Gustavo Córdoba ,&nbsp;Luis Alvaro Botero-Gómez ,&nbsp;Laura Sánchez-Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Galeras Volcanic Complex (GVC) is a composite volcano located between the Central and Western cordilleras in southern Colombia. It is considered one of the most active volcanoes in Colombia, with typically Vulcanian eruptions. The complex has been divided into different stages based on stratigraphic and geochronological differences. The most recent one is called the Galeras stage and is considered to have started ca. 4500 years. This study presents the results of new stratigraphic and geochronological analysis of the deposits that outcrop along the El Barranco river valley, NW of the GVC, which allowed us to identify newer and older deposits within the most recent stage (i.e., the Galeras stage). The deposits were analyzed via distribution, stratigraphy, geochronology, componentry and granulometry, as well as vesicularity and microtexture of the pumice fragments. We identified three previously unreported deposits, which results in a total of eight pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposits in the valley, which discordantly overlie andesitic lava flows of the previous stage (i.e., Genoy stage; 150–40 ka) of the GVC. They were named from Unit U1 to Unit U8, with units U1, U2 and U8 representing events not previously recorded in the eruptive history of Galeras volcano. Units U1 (8303 ± 97 and 8284.5 ± 90.5 cal BP), U2 (7667 ± 78 cal BP), U3 (5082 ± 198, 5096.5 ± 226.5, 5801.5 ± 481.5 and 5966 ± 235 cal BP) and U6 (2215.5 ± 101.5 and 2033 ± 91 cal BP) are interpreted as formed by PDCs generated by pumice-rich flows linked to the collapse of Subplinian eruptive columns, while units U5 (3201.5 ± 129 cal BP), U7 (1066.5 ± 109.5 and 944.5 ± 115.4 cal BP) and U8 (390.5 ± 80.5 cal BP) are interpreted as formed by PDCs generated by block and ash flows linked to the destruction of intracrater domes and the collapse of Vulcanian eruptive columns. U4 (4625 ± 181 cal BP) is associated with a “blast” type event, caused by the overpressure exerted by the gases of a viscous magma. The above mentioned record allows us to propose that the eruptive history of Galeras volcano began at the beginning of the Holocene (∼8300 years BP), and not 4500 BP, as previously established, which has hazard implications. Unit U8 in the town of La Florida as well as the nearby recorded deposits, indicates a probable PDC hazard for this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 108203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring seismic velocity changes at Campi Flegrei (Italy) using seismic noise interferometry","authors":"Marcel van Laaten,&nbsp;Jozef Müller,&nbsp;Ulrich Wegler","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Campi Flegrei is a volcanic field located west of Naples (Italy) in a densely populated area. Since 2005, its ground has been rising steadily due to the accumulation of fluids at shallow depths. The inflation of volcanic edifices is a possible precursor of an impending eruption. The uplift is accompanied by increasing seismic activity. This raises concerns about the possibility that the volcano may be on the verge of an eruption. To track the fluid movement, it is possible to monitor subtle changes of velocities of seismic waves by exploring ambient seismic noise. By examining different frequency bands, we can observe velocity changes at different depths. We interpret these changes as a monitoring of depth-dependent deformation in addition to the standard monitoring of surface deformation. We observe a velocity decrease in the long-term trend, presumably due to the extension of the hydrothermal system at shallow depths. To explain the long-term changes, we model a spherical pressure source to simulate volumetric strain changes induced by recent fluid activity. The model explains both, surface and subsurface deformation which leads to the opening of microcracks and pores, resulting in the observed velocity decrease. The short-term velocity changes are mainly driven by temperature or groundwater level changes. Once velocity changes are corrected for seasonal effects, remaining short term velocity changes can be associated with volcanic activity and earthquake swarms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 108199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volcanomagnetic signals related to the 2021 Tajogaite volcanic eruption in the Cumbre Vieja rift (La Palma, Canary Islands)","authors":"Isabel Blanco-Montenegro ,&nbsp;José Arnoso ,&nbsp;Nieves Sánchez ,&nbsp;Fuensanta G. Montesinos ,&nbsp;David Gómez-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Iacopo Nicolosi ,&nbsp;Emilio Vélez ,&nbsp;Maite Benavent","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>After almost 50 years of quiescence, the Cumbre Vieja rift in La Palma underwent a reactivation process that culminated in the eruption of the Tajogaite volcano from September 19 to December 13, 2021. In July 2021, a magnetic station (CFU) was deployed in the western flank of the Cumbre Vieja rift, 2 km away from the site where the eruptive vents would open two months later. In September 2021, a second magnetic station (SAN) was installed near the southern end of the rift. In this paper we study two months of geomagnetic data at CFU before the eruption and three months of geomagnetic data at SAN during the eruption. The analysis of these time series revealed a magnetic signal at the CFU station with an amplitude of 10 nT and a duration of 10 days by mid-August, one month before the eruption onset. We studied possible correlations with other physical parameters (ground deformation, long-period and very-long-period seismic activity) and concluded that this signal could be related to changes in the magnetization of rocks beneath the volcanic edifice caused by magma intrusion and volcanic/hydrothermal fluids circulation preceding the eruption. At the SAN magnetic station, the time series suggests that a slight decrease in the geomagnetic field could reflect the end of the eruptive process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 108200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleomagnetic study of the Capo di Bove lava flow, Rome, Italy","authors":"Anita Di Chiara ,&nbsp;Priyeshu Srivastava ,&nbsp;Fabio Florindo ,&nbsp;Mario Gaeta ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Marra ,&nbsp;Leonardo Sagnotti ,&nbsp;Raquel Bonilla Alba ,&nbsp;Ines Tescione ,&nbsp;Alfredo Sorice ,&nbsp;Lilla Spagnuolo","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Capo di Bove (CDB) lava flow was emplaced at ∼277 ka during the Faete eruptive Phase of Colli Albani volcanic district near the city of Rome. The CDB lava has a historical significance as it provided the slabs used in the paving of the ancient Appian Way, built in the 4^th century BCE. Puzzlingly beyond the seventh milestone, the ancient Appian Way deviates briefly from an otherwise straight SE-NW direction, abandoning the top of the lava flow and resuming its elevation and the SE-NW trend within less than 1 km. This peculiarity raised a question as to whether the deviation could have been the result of a tectonic deformation caused by a (buried) fault. To test this hypothesis, we sampled the CDB lava flow at four locations over a ∼ 10 km transect near the ancient Appian Way around the bend and performed a detailed rock magnetic, paleomagnetic, and petrographic study. Rock magnetic data indicate that pseudo-single-domain magnetite and low-Ti titanomagnetite particles are the main magnetic carriers for three sampling locations, located in freshly cut quarries, which reliably recorded the paleomagnetic field at the time of emplacement. Conversely, the samples collected in the upper part of the lava flow, within the bent segment of the ancient Appian Way, show multi-domain low- and moderate-Ti titanomagnetites as main magnetic carriers which fail to record a paleomagnetic direction. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data are consistent with an overall CDB lava flow direction from SE to NW and the paleomagnetic directional data from the three reliable sampling sites are statistically indistinguishable. Hence, data from this study show no evidence of post-emplacement tectonic rotations. We suggest that the origin of the bend could be identified in the pre-existing morphology (for the lava flow path) and in historical reasons (for the ancient Appian Way).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 108202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic structure beneath Ebeko Volcano and surrounding areas of Paramushir Island (Kuril Arc) inferred from local earthquake tomography","authors":"Ivan Koulakov ,&nbsp;Viktoria Komzeleva ,&nbsp;Irina Medved ,&nbsp;Tatyana Stupina ,&nbsp;Angelika Novgorodova","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paramushir is a large northernmost island of the Kuril Arc in the Russian Far East. Here, we study the northern part of Paramushir, which is dominated by the Vernadsky Ridge with an altitude of around 1000 m above sea level. This ridge is composed of a series of Pleistocene and Holocene volcanoes and includes the presently active Ebeko Volcano, which exhibits frequent phreatomagmatic eruptions and ongoing fumarolic activity. Studying the internal structure beneath Northern Paramushir is important to understand the interrelationship of magmatic, hydrothermal, hydrological and geological processes below Ebeko Volcano. We use seismic data of a portable network consisting of 20 broadband stations installed for one year from the summer 2021 to 2022 and one permanent station in the city of Severo-Kurilsk. We performed the local earthquake tomography inversion, which provided the distributions of Vp, Vs, Vp/Vs and local seismicity in an area of northern Paramushir with lateral extent of ∼20 km and depth of a ∼ 15 km. The results of several tests gave the information about the resolution limitations of the computed model, which were taken into account during its interpretation. In the resulting model, the coexistence of low Vp, high Vs, low Vp/Vs and a seismicity cluster down to ∼10 km below Ebeko indicates the presence of a large gas-saturated area that was formed due to the contacts of liquid fluids with hot magmatic intrusions. The western border of this area coincides with the location of Verkhne-Yurievsky hot water sources and possibly highlights the path of fluids traveling around the hot body below Ebeko. Below the upper part of the eastern slope, we observe a shallow anomaly of low Vs and high Vp/Vs indicating the presence of a near-surface aquifer, confirming the previous results of ambient noise tomography. Below the lower part of the eastern slope, a nearly vertical anomaly of low Vs and high Vp/Vs may represent a fault zone, which is also marked on the surface by a series of lineaments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 108201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The viscous-brittle transition in flowing crystal-bearing volcanic dome lavas","authors":"Fabian B. Wadsworth ,&nbsp;Jérémie Vasseur ,&nbsp;Michael J. Heap ,&nbsp;Jackie E. Kendrick ,&nbsp;Claire E. Harnett ,&nbsp;Annabelle Foster ,&nbsp;Daniel Weller ,&nbsp;Bettina Scheu ,&nbsp;Anthony Lamur ,&nbsp;Luiz Pereira ,&nbsp;Donald B. Dingwell ,&nbsp;Yan Lavallée","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ascent and advance of volcanic dome lava is non-linear and viscoelastic. There exists a mismatch between current theoretical approaches to dome lava rheology, which are based on rheological laws for viscous suspensions, and empirical experimental approaches to convolved viscous-brittle deformation, which show mixed evidence for simultaneous lava flow and fracturing. The missing requirement is a unified framework for understanding the transition between micro-mechanical flow mechanisms that are dominantly viscous, and those that include micro-cracking in multiphase suspensions such as magmas. Here, we use high-temperature compression rheology with sample-scale acoustic emission analysis to constrain the conditions under which crystal-rich volcanic dome lava can flow by mixed viscous and brittle fracturing processes at small scales, leading to ‘crackling’ acoustic signals, even at moderate shear stresses extant in nature. Using multi-directional permeability measurements on large 60 mm diameter quenched samples of natural magmas, we show that this micro-cracking flow mechanism leads to permeability anisotropy, localizing outgassing into pathways that are off-axis relative to the direction of flow. Finally, we use a scaling approach and a database of published observations from real eruptions to upscale our findings, and show that bulk, apparently ductile flow of low-porosity dome magma is likely to involve a local mixed-mode of micro-cracking and viscous flow during the shallowest portions of ascent and during emplacement on the Earth's surface. The micro-cracking involved in lava advance divorces real crystal-bearing lava emplacement from most current rheology models based on a purely viscous micro-mechanism and shows that a revised solution for the rheology of mixed brittle-viscous flow is required. By re-examining published numerical models for dome emplacement, we demonstrate that the viscous-brittle transition can be intercepted in spatially heterogeneous zones within the dome core.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"457 ","pages":"Article 108198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cohesion and viscosity on lava dome growth following repose","authors":"Amy J. Myers ,&nbsp;Claire E. Harnett ,&nbsp;Eoghan P. Holohan ,&nbsp;John G. Ryan ,&nbsp;Edgar U. Zorn ,&nbsp;Thomas R. Walter ,&nbsp;Michael J. Heap","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lava domes result from effusive eruption of high viscosity lava. These viscous lava extrusions range in shape from flat-topped domes with small height-to-width aspect ratios, to spine-like columns exhibiting large height-to-width aspect ratios. A primary control on morphology during early dome growth is thought to be the variation in rheological characteristics of extruded material. In this work, we present new scaled analogue models of lava dome growth that consider extrusion of a frictional plastic upper-conduit plug followed by viscous magma. We simulate the brittle plug using a sand-plaster mixture, the cohesion of which is varied by plaster content. We model the magma using sugar syrup, the viscosity of which is controlled by the weight percent of added crystalline sugar. The models both qualitatively and quantitatively reproduce part of the spectrum of natural dome morphology not previously obtained in most past analogue modelling studies. Model aspect ratios of 0.02 to 0.9 capture approximately 90 % of the reported aspect ratio variation in nature. Increasing plug cohesion results in extrusions with higher aspect ratios and spinier morphologies. Low viscosity fluid typically erupts through the brittle dome, whilst high viscosity fluid tends to promote endogenous growth or emerge as exogenous lobes. Particle Image Velocimetry shows that fracture localisation at the dome surface is cohesion-dependent, and eruption of fluid follows shear fractures within the dome. Where fluid remains contained within the dome, we see lateral spread leading to a wider and flatter dome morphology. Evolution of lava dome morphology, deformation, and associated hazards is guided by the complex rheological properties of the extruded material; we suggest that during episodic dome growth, these properties are largely defined in the conduit prior to their eruption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 108196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lava flow field development and lava tube formation during the 1858–1861 eruption of Vesuvius (Italy), unravelled by historical documentation, lidar data and 3D mapping","authors":"Thomas Lemaire ,&nbsp;Daniele Morgavi ,&nbsp;Paola Petrosino ,&nbsp;Sonia Calvari ,&nbsp;Leopoldo Repola ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Esposito ,&nbsp;Diego Di Martire ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Morra ,&nbsp;Francesco Frondini","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Somma-Vesuvius is well known for its powerful Plinian explosive eruptions, however during the last eruptive cycle (1631–1944), persistent activity took place on the stratovolcano as mild and violent Strombolian, and effusive eruptions, forming more than one hundred lava flow fields. An important mechanism of lava transport within lava flow fields is the formation and development of lava tubes. The presence of lava tubes in a flow field can greatly increase their distance of emplacement. Observations of lava tubes at Vesuvius have been documented in historical records and speleological reports but no modern scientific studies are available. This work focuses on lava tubes formed in the compound lava flow field of the long-lived 1858 eruption (from 27 May 1858 to 12 April 1861) that was fed by seven eruptive fissures. The temporal and spatial evolution of the 1858 lava flow field was reconstructed using historical documentation. The exposed lava flow field surface was analysed using a 1-m resolution lidar Digital Surface Model (DSM). Surveys to fully digitize the interior and the overlying surface of the largest lava tube found in the 1858 lava flow field were conducted using a terrestrial laser scanner, optical cameras, and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The accurate 3D model obtained was used to precisely quantify the inner dimensions and to better constrain the morphologies of the lava tube. Observed internal features were described and used to gain information on the formation and activity of the lava tube. Our data allowed us to understand that the described lava tube formed as an inflated lava flow inside which lava flowed through during an extended period ultimately draining out completely at the end of the eruption. Understanding how lava flow fields develop and how lava tubes form on Vesuvius is crucial to re-evaluate the last effusive activity of the volcano and its impact on hazard assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"455 ","pages":"Article 108197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}