Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research最新文献

{"title":"One eruption, three separate vent areas: The case of the La Alberca-Joya Blanca monogenetic complex, Valle de Santiago area, Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field (Mexico)","authors":"Elizabeth Rangel-Granados ,&nbsp;Juan Enrique Suárez-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Claus Siebe ,&nbsp;Nanci Reyes-Guzmán ,&nbsp;Marie-Noëlle Guilbaud ,&nbsp;Mélida Pilar Schliz-Antequera","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The La Alberca-Joya Blanca monogenetic complex is located in the Valle de Santiago area of the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Field, stratigraphic, geochronological, petrographic, and geochemical evidence reveals that the complex formed ∼22,000 yr B.P. during a brief single eruptive period that involved magmatic, phreatic, and phreatomagmatic activity at three distinct vent areas. The erupted magma was basaltic trachy-andesitic and ascended through secondary fractures associated with the NNW-SSE-trending Tzitzio-Valle de Santiago fault zone. The eruption began at two vent areas (Vents #1 and #2), aligned E-W and located 1.6 km apart. Vent #1 produced Hawaiian-Strombolian activity that formed scoria-spatter mounds and lava flows (La Alberca mounds). At Vent #2, the eruption began with a phreatic phase that generated a mud deposit, which was followed by Hawaiian-Strombolian eruptions that built a scoria-spatter cone and emitted lava flows (La Alberca cone). While both vent areas remained active, new activity took place at a third vent (Vent #3) located 1.6 km south of Vent #1. At this site, phreatomagmatic explosions formed a tuff cone (Joya Blanca), driven by interactions between ascending magma and a shallow perched aquifer hosted within Middle Pleistocene lava flows. As the external water source was depleted, the eruption shifted to a Strombolian phase that produced a scoria mound located within the tuff cone's crater. Then, activity at Vents #1 and #3 ceased, and eruptive focus moved back to Vent #2, where the initially magmatic eruption that was building the La Alberca cone transitioned into a brief but intense phreatomagmatic phase, leading to the formation of a maar (Joya La Alberca) in approximately 4 to 10 days. This phreatomagmatic activity was sustained by groundwater sourced from a highly permeable fractured aquifer hosted within the same Middle Pleistocene lava flows. This final phreatomagmatic phase involved a relatively small magma volume (1.2–1.9 × 10⁶ m³) and required a groundwater flux ranging from 0.6 to 1.8 m³/s to achieve a water/magma ratio of 0.1–0.3. Such a flux correlates with cold and humid climatic conditions prevailing during the Late Pleistocene in the Valle de Santiago region, when annual precipitation was over 1000 mm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 108495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emplacement mechanism of volcanic debris avalanche deposits: Insight from inter- and intrablock-matrix characterization at Quevar Volcanic complex, Argentina","authors":"E. Bustos ,&nbsp;G. Norini ,&nbsp;M. Arnosio ,&nbsp;W. Báez ,&nbsp;L. Capra","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compound volcanoes are inherently unstable landforms prone to recurrent collapses driven by both internal and external factors, undergoing multiple failure -regrowth episodes during their evolution. While large-scale collapses dramatically reshape volcanic landscapes, small-volume events also play a key role in modifying volcanic morphology. The Quevar 1 deposit, located in the Quevar Volcanic Complex (Argentine Puna), represents a small-scale volcanic debris avalanche deposit (VDAD) formed by the gravitational collapse of an unaltered dacitic lava dome. This study combines digital elevation model (DEM) analysis, granulometry, and scanning electron microscopy to reconstruct the emplacement dynamics of Quevar 1. The deposit is monolithological, composed exclusively of Quevar Dacite, and displays features typical of a rock rotational slide evolving into a debris avalanche, including a curved main scarp, and abrupt confinement against paleotopography, consistent with a short-runout collapse likely triggered by post-eruptive seismic shaking. Grain-particle variations indicate shear-driven particle segregation. The axial zone has a smaller mean particle size, poorer sorting, higher matrix content, and the smallest maximum block size. Voids indicate high-velocity point-to-point impacts, possibly linked to higher axial velocities, with subtle scratches and fractures. The marginal zone is characterized by larger clasts and better sorting. In this area and in the basal region fractures, lips, striations, staircase geometry reflect lateral friction at the margins and base, indicating prolonged particle–particle interactions under a frictional-elastic regime and high stress. The Interblock matrix shows greater transport influence, whereas the intrablock matrix preserves confined shear and in situ fragmentation. The absence of hydrothermal alteration, pyroclastic deposits, and water-related facies, combined with morphological evidence, supports interpretation of Quevar 1 as a structurally controlled slope failure, dominated by gravitational forces. These findings underscore the diversity of failure mechanisms in composite volcanoes and emphasize the importance of tectonic triggers in generating small-scale VDADs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 108494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volatile emissions from Deccan volcanic eruptions and their effects on climate across the K-Pg boundary","authors":"Ritwick Sen ,&nbsp;Margherita Polacci ,&nbsp;Margaret Hartley ,&nbsp;Mike Burton ,&nbsp;Saibal Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) hosts approximately one million km³ of basaltic lava, emplaced over a period of about one million years across the Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K-Pg) boundary associated with the major extinction event ∼66 Ma ago. This review synthesises the current state of knowledge of DVP pre-eruptive magmatic volatile (H₂O, CO₂, S, Cl, F) contents gleaned from direct measurements of melt inclusions, trace element proxies, and equilibrium melt calculations. Most direct volatile measurements are from Western Ghats tholeiites, with limited data available for the minor picritic, alkaline, carbonatitic, and silicic lithologies across other DVP sub-provinces. Western Ghats eruption geochronology and palaeotemperature trends across the K-Pg boundary suggest that the peak in lava extrusion rate was decoupled from the phase of maximum volatile emissions. Resolving this temporal incongruence will require improved constraints on magma volatile contents; emission timelines and fluxes; the extent of stratospheric injection; and passive emissions from magmatic intrusions; as well as geochronological and volumetric data across different DVP formations and sub-provinces. Volatile emissions from DVP eruptions induced sustained climatic perturbations lasting ∼1 Myr across the K-Pg boundary, in contrast to the temporally constrained abrupt changes triggered by the Chicxulub impact at the K-Pg boundary. We outline the outstanding challenges in deploying geochemical approaches to obtain DVP magma volatile contents, and offer potential future directions to estimate the climatic impact of DVP eruptions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 108493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time–Frequency characterization of microearthquakes based on Convolutional Neural Networks and explainability models","authors":"Fernando Lara ,&nbsp;Román Lara-Cueva ,&nbsp;Felipe Grijalva ,&nbsp;Ana Zambrano","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the potential destructiveness of volcanic eruptions, the study of volcanic microearthquakes is a key tool for improving our understanding of the relationship between a volcano and its environment. In the last decade, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have shown great potential for the automatic classification of microearthquakes. However, one major limitation is their “black box” nature, it is often unclear which features drive their decisions. In this work, we propose the use of Explainability Models in conjunction with CNNs and two novel Time–Frequency representations: Adaptive Superlets (ASLT) and Spectrogram-based Periodogram with Window Switching (SPWS). The aim of this paper is to extract the Time–Frequency features leveraged by CNNs for microearthquake classification. This could be used to increase the reliability of CNN-based recognition systems and to identify possible new Time–Frequency characteristics that identify microearthquakes. This proposal verifies the frequency bands for Long Period (LP), Volcano Tectonic (VT), Tectonic (TC), and Tremor (TR) microearthquakes. Moreover, this could be useful for identifying frequency components that can be used to distinguish between LP and VT events and to determine the starting point of overlapping events within the same detection window.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 108485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rates of plagioclase growth, nanolite nucleation, and viscosity increase during Vulcanian activity of Sakurajima Volcano, Japan","authors":"Aulia Syafitri ,&nbsp;Michihiko Nakamura ,&nbsp;Naoki Araya ,&nbsp;Mayumi Mujin ,&nbsp;Daisuke Miki ,&nbsp;Masato Iguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the products of successive Vulcanian eruptions in 1976 at the Minamidake summit crater of the Sakurajima Volcano, namely pumice clasts from an explosion on May 13 and dense juvenile fragments from May 17. Effective undercooling (ΔT_eff) on May 11–13 and 13–17 were estimated at 53–86 and 33–45 °C, respectively. Plagioclase phenocrysts exhibited broken surfaces with regrowth rims, which were attributed to decompression by the immediately preceding explosions. Based on the regrowth rim widths, the average growth rates were estimated to be 0.4–1.7 × 10⁻¹¹ and 1.7–4.7 × 10⁻¹² m s⁻¹ on May 11–13 and 13–17, respectively, suggesting silicon diffusion-controlled growth. These growth rates were consistent with those from previous decompression experiments at similar ΔT_eff under the same conditions (i.e., temperature and melt SiO₂ and H₂O content) as Sakurajima. Assuming that plagioclase nanolites and fine-grained microlites with lengths shorter than the regrowth rims widths nucleated in the corresponding periods, the nucleation rate measured on May 11–13 agreed well with the recalculated experimental rates. In contrast, the nucleation rate measured on May 13–17 was higher by at least 1.9 orders of magnitude, suggesting nucleation acceleration at a pressure of &lt;40 MPa. The high nucleation rates increased the groundmass total crystallinity by a factor of 2–5 compared with the experiments at similar ΔT_eff, enabling the groundmass viscosity to reach the stress fragmentation threshold for a Vulcanian explosion. A precise understanding of these shallow magma crystallization kinetics thus paves the way for prediction of eruptive styles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 108483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote sensing of surface thermal anomalies on the Reykjanes Peninsula, SW-Iceland from 2016 to 2023, preceding and coinciding with recent volcanic unrest","authors":"P. Muanza ,&nbsp;I. Jónsdóttir ,&nbsp;T. Thórdarson ,&nbsp;G. Einarsson ,&nbsp;S. Kristinsson","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates geothermal surface activity across four of the six recognized geothermal systems on the Reykjanes Peninsula in southwest Iceland Reykjanes, Krýsuvík, Miðdalur, and Grændalur using satellite-derived Land Surface Temperature (LST) data from Landsat 8 and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) spanning 2016 to 2023. These sites were selected to represent diverse geothermal behaviors and to maximize temporal data availability under cloud-free conditions. Thermal imagery was acquired from consistent seasonal windows each year to reduce the effects of atmospheric and solar variability. The temporal and spatial evolution of thermal anomalies was analyzed to monitor surface-level geothermal changes, with anomalies defined relative to site-specific thermal baselines. In addition, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and ground-based temperature measurements including drone thermal imagery were used at selected sites to validate the satellite-derived LST, enhancing the overall reliability of the findings. Results show heterogeneous thermal responses across the four fields: Reykjanes exhibits persistent LST anomalies potentially linked to shallow magmatic inputs and anthropogenic geothermal operations; Krýsuvík shows episodic thermal peaks coinciding with recent periods of regional volcanic unrest; while Miðdalur and Grændalur display gradually declining thermal signatures and shrinking anomaly extents. These patterns are interpreted as indicative of varying geothermal dynamics and system maturity. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating multi-sensor remote sensing with field validation for long-term geothermal monitoring in tectonically active regions and highlights the importance of interannual consistency and baseline referencing in detecting subtle geothermal changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 108482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145468681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale rift-related faulting linked to a caldera-forming eruption: A case study from Taupō, New Zealand","authors":"Alex S. Gold ,&nbsp;Madisen Snowden ,&nbsp;James D. Muirhead ,&nbsp;Pilar Villamor ,&nbsp;Genevieve L. Coffey ,&nbsp;Colin J.N. Wilson ,&nbsp;Regine Morgenstern","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intra-arc rifts are regions of extensional tectonics and magmatic processes, which can interact and lead to both earthquakes and volcanic activity. We examine the temporal and spatial relationships between the ∼35 km³ (magma), caldera-forming, 232 ± 10 CE eruption from Taupō volcano of the Taupō Volcanic Zone and slip on the adjacent Whakaipō Fault. The spatio-temporal distribution of fault throw is examined through paleoseismic trenching coupled with remote and field-based analyses of the fault scarp and deformed post-eruptive paleoshorelines intersected by this structure. Along the Whakaipō Fault, throw increases towards the volcano, reflecting the role of Taupō volcano in localising fault strain. Paleoseismic trenching exposes an un-degraded paleoscarp with a ∼50° slope draped by 232 CE fall deposits, implying that fault slip occurred no more than days to months prior to the eruption. Analysis of fault and paleoshoreline displacements at Whakaipō Bay on the northern Lake Taupō shoreline suggest that two main phases of Whakaipō Fault slip occurred after the eruption: (1) an ‘aftermath’ phase, occurring over a ∼20-year period after the eruption, during which 10 ± 1.2 m of throw was accrued locally on the fault; and (2) a ‘longer-term’ phase through to the present day, during which 2.8 ± 0.3 m of fault throw has accrued. Faulting during the aftermath phase is estimated to account for ∼78% of the total extension accommodated locally (adjacent to the caldera) on the Whakaipō Fault since the 232 CE eruption. Our observations suggest that caldera-forming eruptions in the TVZ can be associated with complex, volcano-tectonic (i.e., rifting) sequences that feature both pre-eruptive and highly localised, post-eruptive, decametre-scale displacement on caldera-adjacent rift faults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 108481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical drag coefficients for in-flight volcanic bombs: A novel application of aerospace techniques to volcanic hazards","authors":"A. Sork ,&nbsp;P. Kreit ,&nbsp;D. Banerjee ,&nbsp;M. Sellier ,&nbsp;B. Kennedy ,&nbsp;L. Watson ,&nbsp;R. Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;F. McIntyre ,&nbsp;K. Tsunematsu","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volcanic ballistic projectiles (VBPs) are a dangerous near-vent hazard. Physics-based models are often used to estimate potential impact locations to help reduce risk to nearby people and environment. Drag is an essential model component, but many VBPs, especially molten VBPs (bombs), are irregular in shape and their drag behaviour has not previously been quantified.</div><div>We measure 3D-printed models of in-flight Strombolian bomb shapes in a wind tunnel to quantify drag effects in terms of drag coefficient (C_D) and Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>). Tests were performed on static models across increasingly oblique angles to the air flow, and on dynamically rotating models across increasing spin frequencies. The model size and air speeds tested here correspond with <em>Re</em> values 9.3 × 10⁴ to 1.2 × 10⁶, encompassing the laminar-turbulent flow transition into the supercritical <em>Re</em> regime (which occurs at ∼2.5 × 10⁵ for spheres).</div><div>We find rounded and bilobate shapes have distinctly different drag behaviour. The C_D of bilobate shapes varies significantly with changes in orientation (0.29-0.41 head-on, 0.64-0.88 broadside). The C_D of rounded shapes varies little with changes in orientation (0.2-0.4 head-on, 0.33-0.44 broadside), lower than the range for bilobate shapes at both head-on and broadside. The average C_D of a rotating model approaches its broadside static C_D. We compare results to in-flight observations where spin is commonly observed and conclude that the broadside C_D is most applicable for use in scenario modelling. For Strombolian VBPs at supercritical Reynolds number, we therefore recommend a C_D range of 0.33-0.88 and propose a new methodology for physics-based models which accounts for relationships between size, shape, Reynolds number, and C_D.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 108484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145428793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling magma flow within dyke-fed sill geometries: A coupled thermal and fluid dynamics approach","authors":"K.M. Williams ,&nbsp;A. Geyer ,&nbsp;C. Annen ,&nbsp;J. Kavanagh","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sill geometry and magma flow indicators preserved within fossil sills are used to determine magma source locations, understand economic potential of magmatic ore deposits, and forecast potential volcanic eruption sites. However, existing models struggle to incorporate complex flow dynamics and quantify flow variability, thus inhibiting their potential to explain spatially variable magma flow within sills spanning up to hundreds of kilometres. We present results of new 2D finite element numerical simulations coupling fluid and thermal dynamics within a dyke-fed sill using a multiphysics approach. As magma enters the model sill from below via one (or several) feeding dyke(s), magma jets of variable height develop within the sill depending on dyke thickness and inlet velocity. Low-velocity zones occur near the feeding dyke(s), with recirculation present between multiple feeding dyke(s) when they are present. These findings demonstrate the significant impact that intrusion geometry has on the magma flow dynamics within the sill, and we postulate that the presence of magma jets at the dyke-to-sill transition may be one source of sill lobes. They suggest random crystal orientations could be expected close to feeder dykes (low-velocity recirculating flow and rapid solidification), but where strain rates are high crystal alignment may still occur. These results potentially explain complex magma flow as interpreted from field observations and petrographic analysis of sill. Our results show that incorporating intrusion geometries, flow dynamics and thermal processes into models is crucial for bridging the gap between field observations and the underlying processes that govern natural systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"469 ","pages":"Article 108480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mosaic nature of seismicity patterns associated with eruptions of the Klyuchevskoy Volcano (Kamchatka, Russia)","authors":"A.A. Shakirova,&nbsp;V.A. Saltykov","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Klyuchevskoy Volcano (Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula) has been erupting almost annually since 2003. All its eruptions are preceded by high seismic activity. The Statistical Estimation of Seismicity Level (SESL’09) methodology was applied to analyze the seismicity of the Klyuchevskoy Volcano. This scale is based on the statistical distribution function of seismic energy and characterizes the seismicity level of a given spatial object over a specific time interval. The SESL’09 was applied to the Klyuchevskoy Volcano earthquake catalog starting from 1999. The dynamics of seismicity were analyzed in four the most seismically active zones beneath Klyuchevskoy: Surface layer (depth: −4 to 2 km), near-surface layer (depth: 4 to 8 km), intermediate layer in the crust-mantle boundary (20 to 25 km), deep layer (26 to 34 km), as well as the low-seismicity layer (9 to 17 km). A mosaic nature of seismicity patterns was identified in the vicinity of 10 out of 11 summit eruptions that occurred between 2003 and 2024. The most pronounced increase in seismicity – reaching high and extremely high levels, ranged from 6 to 482 days, depending on depth: in near-surface layer 6–167 days before eruption, in intermediate layer <strong>7–</strong>273 days before eruption, in intermediate layer 52–482 days, in deep layer 10–465 days. Two major eruptions in 2013 and 2023 were preceded by level of seismicity escalation two years in advance, and their exceptional intensity was likely driven by prolonged magma accumulation within the volcano's conduit system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54753,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 108477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}