{"title":"Abstract","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jhn.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.70093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"38 S2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145371880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sales and consumption of energy drinks (EDs) continue to rise, especially amongst young people, yet the reason remains unclear. In 2018, a campaign by Jamie Oliver resulted in a voluntary sales ban to under 16-year-olds. Also in 2018, the Department of Health and Social Care ran a consultation to end the sales of EDs to under 16 s in England. In the Kings Speech (July 2024), the incoming Labour Government promised to restrict the sale of energy drinks to children. The aim of this mixed method study is to understand children and young people′s perceptions of EDs in North East England UK, post the 2018 voluntary ban and to analyse consumption patterns via focus groups and a survey.
Methods
Fifty students from Years 5 and 6 (n = 38 aged 9–11 years) and Year 9 (n = 12, aged 13–14 years) were involved in eight semi-structured focus groups exploring perceptions of EDs; and twenty-two Year nine students (aged 13–14 years) were involved in a survey measuring consumption of EDs and reasons for use.
Results
This study presents a complex picture of children perceptions of EDs and the emergence of a new popular hydration drink, defined as those marketed as replenishing electrolytes, having low(er) sugar, and improving functional wellness. The survey reported that 81.8% consume EDs. More males consumed EDs in comparison to females and most consumed EDs 2–4 days a week. Qualitative analysis showed factors influencing consumption included marketing, brand association, taste, influence of friends and family, cost and easy access.
Conclusion
Children and young people had a strong understanding around the use of branding and marketing as a powerful tool to encourage purchasing behaviours.
背景：能量饮料（EDs）的销量和消费量持续上升，尤其是在年轻人中，但原因尚不清楚。2018年，杰米·奥利弗（Jamie Oliver）发起的一项运动导致了对16岁以下青少年的自愿销售禁令。同样在2018年，英国卫生和社会保障部（Department of Health and Social Care）进行了一次咨询，要求停止在英格兰向16岁以下儿童出售ed。在国王的演讲（2024年7月）中，即将上任的工党政府承诺限制向儿童出售能量饮料。这项混合方法研究的目的是了解英国英格兰东北部儿童和年轻人对电子烟的看法，在2018年自愿禁令之后，并通过焦点小组和调查分析消费模式。方法：50名五年级、六年级学生（n = 38，年龄9-11岁）和九年级学生（n = 12，年龄13-14岁）参加了8个半结构化的焦点小组，探讨ed的认知；和22名九年级学生（13-14岁）参与了一项调查，测量了ed的消费量和使用原因。结果：这项研究呈现了儿童对ed的复杂看法，以及一种新的流行水合饮料的出现，这种饮料被定义为补充电解质、低糖和改善功能健康的饮料。调查显示，81.8%的人使用电子产品。与女性相比，男性服用ed的时间更多，而且每周服用ed的时间最多为2-4天。定性分析显示，影响消费的因素包括市场营销、品牌联想、口味、朋友和家人的影响、成本和可及性。结论：儿童和年轻人对使用品牌和营销作为鼓励购买行为的有力工具有很强的理解。
{"title":"A Mixed Method Study Exploring Children and Young People's Perception of Energy Drinks and Analysing Consumption Patterns","authors":"Grace Stewart, Amelia A. Lake, Helen J. Moore","doi":"10.1111/jhn.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jhn.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sales and consumption of energy drinks (EDs) continue to rise, especially amongst young people, yet the reason remains unclear. In 2018, a campaign by Jamie Oliver resulted in a voluntary sales ban to under 16-year-olds. Also in 2018, the Department of Health and Social Care ran a consultation to end the sales of EDs to under 16 s in England. In the Kings Speech (July 2024), the incoming Labour Government promised to restrict the sale of energy drinks to children. The aim of this mixed method study is to understand children and young people′s perceptions of EDs in North East England UK, post the 2018 voluntary ban and to analyse consumption patterns via focus groups and a survey.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty students from Years 5 and 6 (<i>n</i> = 38 aged 9–11 years) and Year 9 (<i>n</i> = 12, aged 13–14 years) were involved in eight semi-structured focus groups exploring perceptions of EDs; and twenty-two Year nine students (aged 13–14 years) were involved in a survey measuring consumption of EDs and reasons for use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents a complex picture of children perceptions of EDs and the emergence of a new popular hydration drink, defined as those marketed as replenishing electrolytes, having low(er) sugar, and improving functional wellness. The survey reported that 81.8% consume EDs. More males consumed EDs in comparison to females and most consumed EDs 2–4 days a week. Qualitative analysis showed factors influencing consumption included marketing, brand association, taste, influence of friends and family, cost and easy access.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children and young people had a strong understanding around the use of branding and marketing as a powerful tool to encourage purchasing behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12557189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145379979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Taib Fatih, Mohammed Khalid Mahmood, Yad Mariwan Mohammed Ali, Tara Ali Rasheed, Zana Fuad Noori, Handren Ameer Kurda, Mohammed Aso Abdulghafor, Balen Hamid Qadir, Hevi Nihad Mohammed Fadhil, Herve Tassery, Delphine Tardivo, Romain Lan
<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>Dental caries and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are prevalent especially in developing children. There seems to be an association between these two variables.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Objective</h3> <p>To evaluate this association among children and adolescents using a systematic review and umbrella meta-analysis technique.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>The PRISMA reference databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for all records published before January 2025. Meta-analyses that evaluated the association among < 18-year-olds were included. Parameters like odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to compare between the groups. <i>I</i>² and Cochran's Q (<i>χ</i>²) tests were used for measuring heterogeneity, whereas Egger's test was utilised to measure publication bias. A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) was used to assess the quality of the meta-analyses. The degree of certainty of the outcomes was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>A total of five meta-analyses were included. Children with IDA were significantly over three times more likely to have dental caries than children without anemia (OR = 3.64, 95% CI: 2.45 to 5.40, <i>p</i> < 0.0001. Heterogeneity: <i>I</i>² = 80%, <i>p</i> = 0.007. Publication bias: <i>p</i> = 0.14. GRADE: Moderate). The pooled analysis for serum ferritin showed a tendency toward lower ferritin level in children with caries; but without statistical significance (MD = −3.96, 95% CI: −8.48 to 0.57, <i>p</i> = 0.087. Heterogeneity: <i>I</i>² = 66.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.031. Publication bias: <i>p</i> = 0.003. GRADE: Very low). Children with dental caries had lower haemoglobin levels, but the finding was not significant with high level of heterogeneity and publication bias (MD = −2.20 g/dL, 95% CI: −4.59 to 0.19, <i>p</i> = 0.071. Heterogeneity: 80.%, <i>p</i> = 0.006. Publication bias: <i>p</i> = 0.005. GRADE: Very low). Children with caries had lower MCV, but this result was non-significant with evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias (MD = −1.96 fL, 95% CI: −4.02 to 0.10, <i>p</i> = 0.062. Heterogeneity: <i>I</i>² = 57.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.096. Publication bias: <i>p</i> = 0.041. GRADE: Very low).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusion</h3>
{"title":"Association Between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Umbrella Meta-Analysis","authors":"Mohammed Taib Fatih, Mohammed Khalid Mahmood, Yad Mariwan Mohammed Ali, Tara Ali Rasheed, Zana Fuad Noori, Handren Ameer Kurda, Mohammed Aso Abdulghafor, Balen Hamid Qadir, Hevi Nihad Mohammed Fadhil, Herve Tassery, Delphine Tardivo, Romain Lan","doi":"10.1111/jhn.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dental caries and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are prevalent especially in developing children. There seems to be an association between these two variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate this association among children and adolescents using a systematic review and umbrella meta-analysis technique.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The PRISMA reference databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for all records published before January 2025. Meta-analyses that evaluated the association among < 18-year-olds were included. Parameters like odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to compare between the groups. <i>I</i>² and Cochran's Q (<i>χ</i>²) tests were used for measuring heterogeneity, whereas Egger's test was utilised to measure publication bias. A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) was used to assess the quality of the meta-analyses. The degree of certainty of the outcomes was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of five meta-analyses were included. Children with IDA were significantly over three times more likely to have dental caries than children without anemia (OR = 3.64, 95% CI: 2.45 to 5.40, <i>p</i> < 0.0001. Heterogeneity: <i>I</i>² = 80%, <i>p</i> = 0.007. Publication bias: <i>p</i> = 0.14. GRADE: Moderate). The pooled analysis for serum ferritin showed a tendency toward lower ferritin level in children with caries; but without statistical significance (MD = −3.96, 95% CI: −8.48 to 0.57, <i>p</i> = 0.087. Heterogeneity: <i>I</i>² = 66.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.031. Publication bias: <i>p</i> = 0.003. GRADE: Very low). Children with dental caries had lower haemoglobin levels, but the finding was not significant with high level of heterogeneity and publication bias (MD = −2.20 g/dL, 95% CI: −4.59 to 0.19, <i>p</i> = 0.071. Heterogeneity: 80.%, <i>p</i> = 0.006. Publication bias: <i>p</i> = 0.005. GRADE: Very low). Children with caries had lower MCV, but this result was non-significant with evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias (MD = −1.96 fL, 95% CI: −4.02 to 0.10, <i>p</i> = 0.062. Heterogeneity: <i>I</i>² = 57.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.096. Publication bias: <i>p</i> = 0.041. GRADE: Very low).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":54803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jhn.70149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145371752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olivia Morello, Lucas McPhee, Michaela Kucab, Nick Bellissimo, Julia O. Totosy de Zepetnek
Introduction
The purpose of the present observational study was to assess the inter-rater reliability and validity of two free nutrition apps, MyFitnessPal (MFP) and Cronometer (CRO), among Canadian endurance athletes.
Methods
Two raters independently input 43 three-day food intake records (FIR) (27M/16F) into MFP and CRO, and one rater input each FIR into ESHA Food Processor® using the reference standard 2015 Canadian Nutrient File (CNF) database.
Results
MFP showed a consistent difference in measurements between raters for total energy and carbohydrates (absolute reliability), but the difference was too small to be clinically meaningful; further, raters were inconsistent for sodium and sugar (relative reliability), particularly among men. MFP showed poor validity for total energy, carbohydrates, protein, cholesterol, sugar, and fibre, with discrepancies for total energy, carbohydrates and sugar being driven by women, and protein differences by men. Rationale for low reliability and validity may be due to the copious options for each food entry in MFP, including non-verified consumer entries. Possible rationale for gender differences may be more detailed and descriptive FIRs (reliability) and generally more varied dietary patterns (validity) in women compared to men. Conversely, CRO showed good to excellent inter-rater reliability for all nutrients and good validity for all nutrients except for fibre and vitamins A and D, with no differences between genders. Rationale for low validity of fibre may be due to how it is represented in the software (i.e., total vs. soluble), and rationale for vitamins A and D may be due to fortification practices differing between brands and countries. Bland-Altman plots for inter-rater reliability and validity revealed smaller bias, narrower LOAs, and better horizonal spread of data when using CRO compared to MFP.
Conclusion
Given the unique energy and nutrient needs of athletes, they should be aware that MFP may provide dietary information that does not accurately reflect true intake, and that CRO could serve as a promising alternative.
{"title":"Reliability and Validity of Nutrient Assessment Applications for Canadian Endurance Athletes: MyFitnessPal and Cronometer","authors":"Olivia Morello, Lucas McPhee, Michaela Kucab, Nick Bellissimo, Julia O. Totosy de Zepetnek","doi":"10.1111/jhn.70148","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jhn.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of the present observational study was to assess the inter-rater reliability and validity of two free nutrition apps, MyFitnessPal (MFP) and Cronometer (CRO), among Canadian endurance athletes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two raters independently input 43 three-day food intake records (FIR) (27M/16F) into MFP and CRO, and one rater input each FIR into ESHA Food Processor® using the reference standard 2015 Canadian Nutrient File (CNF) database.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MFP showed a consistent difference in measurements between raters for total energy and carbohydrates (absolute reliability), but the difference was too small to be clinically meaningful; further, raters were inconsistent for sodium and sugar (relative reliability), particularly among men. MFP showed poor validity for total energy, carbohydrates, protein, cholesterol, sugar, and fibre, with discrepancies for total energy, carbohydrates and sugar being driven by women, and protein differences by men. Rationale for low reliability and validity may be due to the copious options for each food entry in MFP, including non-verified consumer entries. Possible rationale for gender differences may be more detailed and descriptive FIRs (reliability) and generally more varied dietary patterns (validity) in women compared to men. Conversely, CRO showed good to excellent inter-rater reliability for all nutrients and good validity for all nutrients except for fibre and vitamins A and D, with no differences between genders. Rationale for low validity of fibre may be due to how it is represented in the software (i.e., total vs. soluble), and rationale for vitamins A and D may be due to fortification practices differing between brands and countries. Bland-Altman plots for inter-rater reliability and validity revealed smaller bias, narrower LOAs, and better horizonal spread of data when using CRO compared to MFP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the unique energy and nutrient needs of athletes, they should be aware that MFP may provide dietary information that does not accurately reflect true intake, and that CRO could serve as a promising alternative.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jhn.70148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145356822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annemarie Knight, Kevin Walsh, Dianne P. Reidlinger, Patricia Thomas-Owolabi, Kevin Whelan
Introduction
Communication skills are essential to dietetic practice and are therefore embedded in dietetics curricula worldwide. Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are often used to teach and assess communication skills, yet student dietitians' experiences remain underexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate student dietitians' perceptions and experiences of OSCEs to assess communication skills.
Methods
Student dietitians participated in OSCEs for the assessment of communication skills before the first of two substantial periods of practice-based learning. These consisted of two or three OSCE stations reflecting in-patient and out-patient dietetic scenarios. A questionnaire survey measuring students' perceptions and experiences of the OSCE was conducted. The survey measured five domains: (1) preparedness; (2) environment and processes; (3) fairness; (4) authenticity; and (5) assessment for learning, with responses recorded on a five-point Likert scale (strongly agree to strongly disagree).
Results
The complete case analysis consisted of 130 student dietitians over four academic years. In general student dietitians had highly positive experiences of the OSCEs, particularly in relation to assessment of learning (83.3% positive experience score) and authenticity (80% positive experience score). Fairness resulted in the lowest positive experience score (50%). Younger students reported lower positive experiences of preparedness (60%) compared with older students (80%) (p = 0.045).
Conclusions
Student dietitians have generally positive perceptions and experiences of OSCEs for the assessment of communication skills, but this is not universal for all domains of their experience. There is a need for strategies that enhance preparedness and reduce anxiety in relation to OSCEs in dietetics.
{"title":"Student Dietitians' Perceptions and Experiences of Objective Structured Clinical Examination to Assess Communication Skills","authors":"Annemarie Knight, Kevin Walsh, Dianne P. Reidlinger, Patricia Thomas-Owolabi, Kevin Whelan","doi":"10.1111/jhn.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jhn.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Communication skills are essential to dietetic practice and are therefore embedded in dietetics curricula worldwide. Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are often used to teach and assess communication skills, yet student dietitians' experiences remain underexplored. The aim of this study was to evaluate student dietitians' perceptions and experiences of OSCEs to assess communication skills.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Student dietitians participated in OSCEs for the assessment of communication skills before the first of two substantial periods of practice-based learning. These consisted of two or three OSCE stations reflecting in-patient and out-patient dietetic scenarios. A questionnaire survey measuring students' perceptions and experiences of the OSCE was conducted. The survey measured five domains: (1) preparedness; (2) environment and processes; (3) fairness; (4) authenticity; and (5) assessment for learning, with responses recorded on a five-point Likert scale (strongly agree to strongly disagree).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The complete case analysis consisted of 130 student dietitians over four academic years. In general student dietitians had highly positive experiences of the OSCEs, particularly in relation to <i>assessment of learning</i> (83.3% positive experience score) and <i>authenticity</i> (80% positive experience score). Fairness resulted in the lowest positive experience score (50%). Younger students reported lower positive experiences of <i>preparedness</i> (60%) compared with older students (80%) (<i>p</i> = 0.045).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Student dietitians have generally positive perceptions and experiences of OSCEs for the assessment of communication skills, but this is not universal for all domains of their experience. There is a need for strategies that enhance preparedness and reduce anxiety in relation to OSCEs in dietetics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12542934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145350030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sasha Fenton, Rachael M. Taylor, Melinda J. Hutchesson, Poonam Kaur Pannu, Kee June Ooi, Clare E. Collins
Objective
This longitudinal analysis in Australian women evaluated change in diet quality and food and nutrient intakes from the third trimester of pregnancy to 1-year postpartum with comparison to national nutrition recommendations. Associations between diet quality, sociodemographic and health characteristics were also investigated.
Methods
This study was an analysis of data from the ORIGINS pregnancy cohort (2017–2023). Participants included were those with complete dietary data at both timepoints, aged ≥ 19 years, and not pregnant 1-year postpartum. Dietary intake was assessed using the Australian Eating Survey food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS). Participants self-reported sociodemographic data, and health data were obtained from hospital medical records. Paired sample t-tests analysed change in diet quality and dietary intake, and linear regression estimated associations between maternal characteristics and diet quality. Food group and nutrient intakes were compared to recommendations in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating and Nutrient Reference Values.
Results
Of 337 women (33.1 (4.5) years, 49.9% Australian-born, 51.3% university educated), mean (95% CI) diet quality was suboptimal during pregnancy and 1-year postpartum (ARFS 34.0 (33.0, 35.0) vs. 34.8 (33.8, 35.8) points out of 73, p = 0.038). Higher serves of vegetables and meat, energy intake from protein, and intake of retinol equivalents, and less fruit, dairy, carbohydrate, saturated fat, iodine and folate were consumed 1-year postpartum (p < 0.05). Alignment with recommendations was low during pregnancy and 1-year postpartum for food groups, macronutrients and key micronutrients. Lower diet quality during and after pregnancy was linked to not having had a university education, and a higher pre-pregnancy BMI. Postpartum, younger age and lower income was also associated with poorer diet quality and having a BMI in the overweight category before pregnancy (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
These findings highlight persistent nutritional inadequacies and social disparities, and the urgent need for targeted, evidence-based nutrition interventions to improve diet quality and nutrient intakes in pregnant and postpartum women, particularly younger women with lower education and income, and those with a higher pre-pregnancy BMI.
{"title":"Change in Diet Quality and Dietary Intake From Pregnancy to 1-Year Postpartum: A Longitudinal Analysis in Australian Women","authors":"Sasha Fenton, Rachael M. Taylor, Melinda J. Hutchesson, Poonam Kaur Pannu, Kee June Ooi, Clare E. Collins","doi":"10.1111/jhn.70142","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jhn.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This longitudinal analysis in Australian women evaluated change in diet quality and food and nutrient intakes from the third trimester of pregnancy to 1-year postpartum with comparison to national nutrition recommendations. Associations between diet quality, sociodemographic and health characteristics were also investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was an analysis of data from the ORIGINS pregnancy cohort (2017–2023). Participants included were those with complete dietary data at both timepoints, aged ≥ 19 years, and not pregnant 1-year postpartum. Dietary intake was assessed using the Australian Eating Survey food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS). Participants self-reported sociodemographic data, and health data were obtained from hospital medical records. Paired sample <i>t</i>-tests analysed change in diet quality and dietary intake, and linear regression estimated associations between maternal characteristics and diet quality. Food group and nutrient intakes were compared to recommendations in the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating and Nutrient Reference Values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 337 women (33.1 (4.5) years, 49.9% Australian-born, 51.3% university educated), mean (95% CI) diet quality was suboptimal during pregnancy and 1-year postpartum (ARFS 34.0 (33.0, 35.0) vs. 34.8 (33.8, 35.8) points out of 73, <i>p</i> = 0.038). Higher serves of vegetables and meat, energy intake from protein, and intake of retinol equivalents, and less fruit, dairy, carbohydrate, saturated fat, iodine and folate were consumed 1-year postpartum (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Alignment with recommendations was low during pregnancy and 1-year postpartum for food groups, macronutrients and key micronutrients. Lower diet quality during and after pregnancy was linked to not having had a university education, and a higher pre-pregnancy BMI. Postpartum, younger age and lower income was also associated with poorer diet quality and having a BMI in the overweight category before pregnancy (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight persistent nutritional inadequacies and social disparities, and the urgent need for targeted, evidence-based nutrition interventions to improve diet quality and nutrient intakes in pregnant and postpartum women, particularly younger women with lower education and income, and those with a higher pre-pregnancy BMI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristin Gomes, Ben Desbrow, Jack Bell, Shelley Roberts
Background
Nutrition care continuity after hospital discharge is critical for supporting recovery in older adults with malnutrition, yet evidence suggests significant variability in nutrition care discharge practices. This study explored clinical dietitians' experiences, perspectives, and approaches to nutrition care discharge practices for older adults with malnutrition transitioning home from hospital.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinical dietitians from two public hospitals in one health service in Queensland, Australia. Interviews, informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework and a recent chart audit conducted at the health service, explored current practices and factors influencing nutrition care continuity. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis following Braun & Clarke's six-step framework.
Results
Ten clinical dietitians were interviewed. Participants acknowledged the practice gaps identified in the chart audit were reflective of their current practice environment. Four core elements characterising nutrition care discharge practices were identified: dietitians positioned themselves as advocates for nutrition care continuity; practice evolved through clinical experience rather than formal guidance; comprehensive discharge planning was selectively implemented; and documentation and communication approaches varied. Factors influencing practice operated at individual (patient engagement, dietitian capabilities), process (workflow complexities, service coordination), and system levels (healthcare environment and structure, resource constraints and organisational culture).
Conclusions
Variability in nutrition care discharge practices reflects the interplay between system constraints, workflow challenges and dietitian adaptations. Addressing these dynamics presents opportunities for system- and practice-level improvements, including standardising documentation workflows, optimising electronic medical record functionality, and strengthening care pathways between acute and community settings to support continuity of nutrition care.
{"title":"Clinical Dietitians' Perspectives on Nutrition Care Discharge Practices for Older Adults With Malnutrition: Insights From a Qualitative Exploratory Study","authors":"Kristin Gomes, Ben Desbrow, Jack Bell, Shelley Roberts","doi":"10.1111/jhn.70143","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jhn.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nutrition care continuity after hospital discharge is critical for supporting recovery in older adults with malnutrition, yet evidence suggests significant variability in nutrition care discharge practices. This study explored clinical dietitians' experiences, perspectives, and approaches to nutrition care discharge practices for older adults with malnutrition transitioning home from hospital.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinical dietitians from two public hospitals in one health service in Queensland, Australia. Interviews, informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework and a recent chart audit conducted at the health service, explored current practices and factors influencing nutrition care continuity. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis following Braun & Clarke's six-step framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ten clinical dietitians were interviewed. Participants acknowledged the practice gaps identified in the chart audit were reflective of their current practice environment. Four core elements characterising nutrition care discharge practices were identified: dietitians positioned themselves as advocates for nutrition care continuity; practice evolved through clinical experience rather than formal guidance; comprehensive discharge planning was selectively implemented; and documentation and communication approaches varied. Factors influencing practice operated at individual (patient engagement, dietitian capabilities), process (workflow complexities, service coordination), and system levels (healthcare environment and structure, resource constraints and organisational culture).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Variability in nutrition care discharge practices reflects the interplay between system constraints, workflow challenges and dietitian adaptations. Addressing these dynamics presents opportunities for system- and practice-level improvements, including standardising documentation workflows, optimising electronic medical record functionality, and strengthening care pathways between acute and community settings to support continuity of nutrition care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eirini Dimidi, Alice van der Schoot, Kevin Barrett, Adam D. Farmer, Miranda C. Lomer, S. Mark Scott, Kevin Whelan
Background
Current clinical guidelines for chronic constipation offer limited dietary recommendations. The aim of this project was to develop the first comprehensive evidence-based dietary guidelines for the management of chronic constipation in adults.
Methods
Four systematic reviews and meta-analyses were performed to identify eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The findings generated from the meta-analyses were then used to develop guideline statements using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and a Delphi consensus survey among a multi-disciplinary expert Guideline Steering Committee. Recommendation statements were produced for treatment response, stool output, gut symptoms, adverse events, and quality of life, and only based on the findings where ≥ 2 RCTs contributed to the meta-analysis. The strength of recommendation was assessed using the GRADE approach. Consensus voting amongst the Guideline Steering Committee was performed using a modified Delphi survey approach.
Results
The four systematic reviews included a total of 75 RCTs. Fifty-nine dietary recommendation statements were generated and accepted through the Delphi survey. For dietary supplements, 15 recommendation statements relate to fibre supplements, 20 relate to probiotics, 2 to synbiotics, 5 to magnesium oxide, 2 to senna, and 3 to kiwifruit supplements. For foods, three recommendation statements related to kiwifruits, two to prunes, and two to rye bread. For drinks, five recommendation statements related to high mineral-containing water. No recommendations were made for whole diet approaches due to a lack of evidence. Twelve statements had a very low level of evidence, 39 had a low level of evidence, and 8 had moderate evidence. Twenty-seven statements were strong recommendations, and 32 were qualified recommendations.
Conclusions
These are the first comprehensive evidence-based dietary guidelines for the management of constipation based upon a robust systematic review and GRADE processes. Recommendations were made for dietary supplements, foods and drinks that have never been previously included in clinical guidelines, and can now be rapidly implemented into clinical practice, thereby improving clinical care and patient outcomes.
{"title":"British Dietetic Association Guidelines for the Dietary Management of Chronic Constipation in Adults","authors":"Eirini Dimidi, Alice van der Schoot, Kevin Barrett, Adam D. Farmer, Miranda C. Lomer, S. Mark Scott, Kevin Whelan","doi":"10.1111/jhn.70133","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jhn.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current clinical guidelines for chronic constipation offer limited dietary recommendations. The aim of this project was to develop the first comprehensive evidence-based dietary guidelines for the management of chronic constipation in adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four systematic reviews and meta-analyses were performed to identify eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The findings generated from the meta-analyses were then used to develop guideline statements using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and a Delphi consensus survey among a multi-disciplinary expert Guideline Steering Committee. Recommendation statements were produced for treatment response, stool output, gut symptoms, adverse events, and quality of life, and only based on the findings where ≥ 2 RCTs contributed to the meta-analysis. The strength of recommendation was assessed using the GRADE approach. Consensus voting amongst the Guideline Steering Committee was performed using a modified Delphi survey approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The four systematic reviews included a total of 75 RCTs. Fifty-nine dietary recommendation statements were generated and accepted through the Delphi survey. For dietary supplements, 15 recommendation statements relate to fibre supplements, 20 relate to probiotics, 2 to synbiotics, 5 to magnesium oxide, 2 to senna, and 3 to kiwifruit supplements. For foods, three recommendation statements related to kiwifruits, two to prunes, and two to rye bread. For drinks, five recommendation statements related to high mineral-containing water. No recommendations were made for whole diet approaches due to a lack of evidence. Twelve statements had a very low level of evidence, 39 had a low level of evidence, and 8 had moderate evidence. Twenty-seven statements were strong recommendations, and 32 were qualified recommendations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These are the first comprehensive evidence-based dietary guidelines for the management of constipation based upon a robust systematic review and GRADE processes. Recommendations were made for dietary supplements, foods and drinks that have never been previously included in clinical guidelines, and can now be rapidly implemented into clinical practice, thereby improving clinical care and patient outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12517116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natasha E. Schoeler, Victoria J. Whiteley, Monica Guglielmetti, Lenycia de Cassya Lopes Neri, Robyn Blackford, Charlene Tan-Smith, Nicole Aylward, Katie Barwick, Maria Eugenia Caballero, Sylwia Gudej-Rosa, Wan-Ling Huang, Meredith Johnson, Christine Ong Bee Keow, Sarianne Madsen, Kath Megaw, Theresa Nyembezi Njobvu, Heidi Pfeifer, Sian Phillips, Elles van der Louw, the Best Practice Recommendations Advisory Group, on behalf of the Ketogenic Dietitians Research Network
Introduction
A global need was identified for a practical, comprehensive tool to guide dietitians internationally working in ketogenic diet therapy (KDT), detailing all aspects of dietetic management. The aim of this project was to develop best practice recommendations for the dietetic management of classical and modified ketogenic diets in the management of epilepsy and neurometabolic conditions.
Methods
Expert ketogenic dietitians from six continents were invited to participate as members of either a core working group or advisory group. A systematic literature review was conducted, covering all aspects of dietetic management, from patient selection to diet discontinuation. To complement this, an international survey was distributed to ketogenic dietitians currently delivering classical and modified ketogenic diets, structured around the same key themes.
Results
A total of 111 dietitians responded to the survey, representing six continents. For each theme, findings from the literature were presented alongside survey responses. Recommendations were generated where ≥ 75% consensus was achieved. In areas where this threshold was not met, the most commonly reported practices were presented, acknowledging the variety of international approaches.
Conclusion
These are the first international best practice recommendations specifically for ketogenic dietitians and nutrition healthcare professionals supporting children following medically advised classical and modified ketogenic diets. The recommendations are informed by both published evidence and prevailing international dietetic practice, whilst recognizing the variety in clinical delivery.
{"title":"Classical and Modified Ketogenic Diets for Children and Young People With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Reflection of International Dietetic Practice and Best Practice Recommendations for Dietitians","authors":"Natasha E. Schoeler, Victoria J. Whiteley, Monica Guglielmetti, Lenycia de Cassya Lopes Neri, Robyn Blackford, Charlene Tan-Smith, Nicole Aylward, Katie Barwick, Maria Eugenia Caballero, Sylwia Gudej-Rosa, Wan-Ling Huang, Meredith Johnson, Christine Ong Bee Keow, Sarianne Madsen, Kath Megaw, Theresa Nyembezi Njobvu, Heidi Pfeifer, Sian Phillips, Elles van der Louw, the Best Practice Recommendations Advisory Group, on behalf of the Ketogenic Dietitians Research Network","doi":"10.1111/jhn.70129","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jhn.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A global need was identified for a practical, comprehensive tool to guide dietitians internationally working in ketogenic diet therapy (KDT), detailing all aspects of dietetic management. The aim of this project was to develop best practice recommendations for the dietetic management of classical and modified ketogenic diets in the management of epilepsy and neurometabolic conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Expert ketogenic dietitians from six continents were invited to participate as members of either a core working group or advisory group. A systematic literature review was conducted, covering all aspects of dietetic management, from patient selection to diet discontinuation. To complement this, an international survey was distributed to ketogenic dietitians currently delivering classical and modified ketogenic diets, structured around the same key themes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 111 dietitians responded to the survey, representing six continents. For each theme, findings from the literature were presented alongside survey responses. Recommendations were generated where ≥ 75% consensus was achieved. In areas where this threshold was not met, the most commonly reported practices were presented, acknowledging the variety of international approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These are the first international best practice recommendations specifically for ketogenic dietitians and nutrition healthcare professionals supporting children following medically advised classical and modified ketogenic diets. The recommendations are informed by both published evidence and prevailing international dietetic practice, whilst recognizing the variety in clinical delivery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12516026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145282016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laurent Turner, Lijun Zhao, Kai Liu, Xiao Tong Teong, Gary Wittert, Amy T. Hutchison, Leonie K. Heilbronn
Background
Intermittent fasting (IF) and calorie restriction (CR) may reduce inflammation, though it is unclear which is more effective in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes.
Objective
This exploratory sub-study compared the effects of achieved weight loss by IF plus early time-restricted eating (iTRE) or CR versus standard care (SC) on systemic and adipose tissue markers of inflammation.
Methods
Adults (N = 209, 34.8 ± 4.7 kg/m2) were randomised into three groups (2:2:1): iTRE (30% energy requirements between 0800 and 1200 on 3 days/week); CR (30% energy restriction); or SC for 6 months. Body weight and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-ɣ (IFNɣ) were measured at baseline and month 6 in a subset with weight loss above (CR: N = 32, iTRE: N = 35) or below median (SC: N = 18). The expression of inflammatory genes in adipose tissue was measured using qPCR.
Results
Weight loss was greater in iTRE and CR versus SC. While TNF-α and CRP levels decreased at month 6 (CRP: −1.36 ± 0.47 mg/dL, p < 0.001; TNF-α: −0.082 ± 0.03 pg/mL, p = 0.025), there were no between group effects. In adipose tissue, no differences in inflammatory genes were detected.
Conclusions
The mode of weight loss intervention did not differentially impact inflammatory markers in participants with weight loss above median.
背景：间歇性禁食（IF）和卡路里限制（CR）可以减少炎症，尽管尚不清楚哪一种对有2型糖尿病风险的成年人更有效。目的：本探索性亚研究比较了IF +早期限时饮食（iTRE）或CR与标准护理（SC）对全身和脂肪组织炎症标志物的影响。方法：将成人（N = 209, 34.8±4.7 kg/m2）随机分为3组（2:2:1）：iTRE（每周3天，0800 ~ 1200之间的30%能量需求）；CR（30%能量限制）；或SC 6个月。在基线和第6个月，体重减轻高于（CR: N = 32, iTRE: N = 35）或低于中位数（SC: N = 18）的亚组测量体重和血浆c反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)、白细胞介素6 （IL-6）和干扰素-α (IFN -α)。采用qPCR检测脂肪组织中炎症基因的表达。结果：与SC相比，iTRE和CR组的体重减轻更大，而TNF-α和CRP水平在第6个月下降（CRP: -1.36±0.47 mg/dL, p）。结论：减肥干预模式对体重减轻中位数以上的参与者的炎症标志物没有差异。
{"title":"Impact of Achieved Weight Loss by Intermittent Fasting Plus Early Time-Restricted Eating and Calorie Restriction on Systemic and Adipose Tissue Markers of Inflammation in Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory Sub-Study","authors":"Laurent Turner, Lijun Zhao, Kai Liu, Xiao Tong Teong, Gary Wittert, Amy T. Hutchison, Leonie K. Heilbronn","doi":"10.1111/jhn.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jhn.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intermittent fasting (IF) and calorie restriction (CR) may reduce inflammation, though it is unclear which is more effective in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This exploratory sub-study compared the effects of achieved weight loss by IF plus early time-restricted eating (iTRE) or CR versus standard care (SC) on systemic and adipose tissue markers of inflammation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adults (<i>N</i> = 209, 34.8 ± 4.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were randomised into three groups (2:2:1): iTRE (30% energy requirements between 0800 and 1200 on 3 days/week); CR (30% energy restriction); or SC for 6 months. Body weight and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-ɣ (IFNɣ) were measured at baseline and month 6 in a subset with weight loss above (CR: <i>N</i> = 32, iTRE: <i>N</i> = 35) or below median (SC: <i>N</i> = 18). The expression of inflammatory genes in adipose tissue was measured using qPCR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Weight loss was greater in iTRE and CR versus SC. While TNF-α and CRP levels decreased at month 6 (CRP: −1.36 ± 0.47 mg/dL, <i>p</i> < 0.001; TNF-α: −0.082 ± 0.03 pg/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.025), there were no between group effects. In adipose tissue, no differences in inflammatory genes were detected.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mode of weight loss intervention did not differentially impact inflammatory markers in participants with weight loss above median.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":54803,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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