Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics最新文献_第7页

Dietary habits and self-reported health outcomes in a cross-sectional survey of health-conscious adults eating a plant-based diet 对以植物性饮食为基础、注重健康的成年人进行的一项横断面调查显示的饮食习惯和自我报告的健康结果。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13321

Isabelle Sadler, Alexander Bauer, Shireen Kassam

Background

Given the growing popularity of plant-based diets, this study investigated the dietary habits and self-reported health outcomes of health-conscious adults consuming plant-based diets.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey (n = 315) was distributed to members of Plant-Based Health Professionals UK, a community interest company. Dietary intake was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire. Data were summarised descriptively. Dietary habits among respondents following a whole food plant-based (WFPB) and vegan diet were compared using hypothesis tests.

Results

Respondents reported following a WFPB (61%), vegan (28%) and semi plant-based (11%) diet. Median time on current dietary pattern was 5 years. Daily or more frequent consumption was reported for the following foods: fruits 77%, berries 51%, green vegetables 48%, cruciferous vegetables 45%, other vegetables 64%, beans/legumes 41%, whole grains 62%, nuts and all seeds 63%. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and plant-based meat alternatives was low. About 93% of those on a WFPB or vegan diet supplemented with vitamin B₁₂ and 61% with vitamin D. The median body mass index was 22.4 kg/m². Fifty per cent of participants reported weight loss after adopting a plant-based diet, with a median loss of 6.4 kg. Thirty-five per cent reported reversing or improving an underlying health condition, and 15% were able to stop or reduce prescribed medication use as a result of dietary changes.

Conclusions

This study suggests that a well-planned plant-based diet is achievable and sustainable in a community setting and can be associated with health benefits. How to best encourage such sustainable diets among the broad population requires further research.

研究背景鉴于以植物为基础的饮食越来越受欢迎，本研究调查了注重健康的成年人以植物为基础的饮食习惯和自我报告的健康结果：方法：向英国植物基健康专业人员协会（一家社区利益公司）的成员发放了一份横向在线调查问卷（n = 315）。饮食摄入量通过食物频率问卷进行评估。对数据进行了描述性总结。通过假设检验比较了采用全食物植物疗法（WFPB）和素食疗法的受访者的饮食习惯：结果：受访者报告的饮食习惯包括全食物植物性饮食（61%）、纯素食（28%）和半植物性饮食（11%）。采用当前饮食模式的时间中位数为 5 年。受访者每天或更频繁地食用以下食物：水果 77%、浆果 51%、绿色蔬菜 48%、十字花科蔬菜 45%、其他蔬菜 64%、豆类/豆类 41%、全谷物 62%、坚果和所有种子 63%。超加工食品和植物性肉类替代品的消费量很低。约 93% 的素食者或纯素饮食者补充了维生素 B12，61% 补充了维生素 D。50%的参与者表示在采用植物性饮食后体重有所下降，中位数为 6.4 千克。35%的参与者表示，由于饮食习惯的改变，潜在的健康问题得到了扭转或改善，15%的参与者能够停止或减少处方药的使用：这项研究表明，在社区环境中，精心策划的植物性饮食是可以实现的，也是可持续的，并能为健康带来益处。如何最好地鼓励广大民众采用这种可持续的饮食习惯还需要进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Milk fat globule membranes for psychological and physical health: qualitative results from the Employing Milk Phospholipids to Observe Well-being and Emotional Resilience (EMPOWER) randomised trial 牛奶脂肪球膜促进身心健康：采用牛奶磷脂观察幸福感和情绪恢复力（EMPOWER）随机试验的定性结果。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13326

Rebecca Slykerman, Naomi Davies, Maher Fuad, James Dekker

Background

Milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) present a nutritional intervention with the potential to improve psychological well-being and mitigate the negative effects of stress on health. The present study aimed to investigate participant's experience of different aspects of health during a trial of MFGM supplementation and determine the effect of MFGM on qualitative measures of psychological and physical well-being.

Methods

Seventy-three adults in New Zealand who were enrolled in a clinical trial to test MFGM supplementation for improvement of psychological well-being took part in a post-intervention interview. Participants and researchers remained blinded to intervention group allocation. Interviews were conducted over the video conferencing platform Zoom and transcribed. A mixed methods analytical approach included thematic analysis to identify emerging themes and χ² regression models to examine frequency of improvements in different aspects of well-being between the MFGM and placebo groups.

Results

There were no significant demographic or psychological differences between interviewees and non-interviewed study participants. Four central themes emerged from the data for all participants: improved well-being, increased ability to cope with stress and improvements in mood, improvement in physical energy or activity, and improved sleep. The frequency of improved ability to cope with stress and improved sleep quality was significantly higher in participants who received MFGM supplementation compared to those receiving the placebo.

Conclusions

Qualitative data may capture aspects of improved sleep or psychological well-being not measured by rating scales. The results suggest that MFGM supplementation may improve the ability to cope with stress and improve sleep quality in healthy adults.

背景：牛奶脂肪球膜（MFGM）是一种营养干预措施，具有改善心理健康和减轻压力对健康的负面影响的潜力。本研究旨在调查参与者在试用牛奶脂肪球膜补充剂期间对不同健康方面的体验，并确定牛奶脂肪球膜对心理和身体健康定性测量的影响：新西兰有 73 名成年人参加了一项临床试验，测试补充 MFGM 对改善心理健康的作用，他们参加了干预后访谈。参与者和研究人员对干预组的分配保持盲目。访谈通过视频会议平台 Zoom 进行，并进行了转录。混合方法分析方法包括主题分析和χ2回归模型，主题分析用于确定新出现的主题，χ2回归模型用于研究MFGM组和安慰剂组在不同幸福感方面的改善频率：结果：受访者与未受访的研究参与者之间没有明显的人口统计或心理差异。从所有参与者的数据中得出了四个中心主题：幸福感提高、应对压力的能力增强和情绪改善、体力或活动改善以及睡眠改善。与服用安慰剂的参与者相比，服用 MFGM 补充剂的参与者出现应对压力能力提高和睡眠质量改善的频率明显更高：结论：定性数据可以捕捉到评分量表无法测量的睡眠或心理健康改善方面。结果表明，补充 MFGM 可提高健康成年人应对压力的能力并改善睡眠质量。

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引用次数: 0

An investigation of employer perceptions of Irish nutrition graduate competencies 调查雇主对爱尔兰营养学毕业生能力的看法。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13323

Sarah O'Donovan, Shannon Owens, Elaine Hubble, Lisa Ryan

Background

Undergraduate nutrition programmes prepare students and graduates for a wide range of employment opportunities. However, little is known about how employers perceive current nutrition education practices in Ireland and how well graduates are prepared for the realities of today's workforce. The present study aimed to explore employers' perspectives of nutrition placement students and graduates' competencies for the workforce.

Methods

Interviews were conducted with 12 nutrition employers across Ireland and the UK who currently or have recently employed Irish nutrition graduates or supervised placement students. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.

Results

Three themes were identified including: “adapting to modern workforce needs”, “professional competency expectations” and “valuing competency-based educational and professional systems”. Employers reported an overall positive experience with Irish nutrition placement students and graduates. They are perceived as adaptable, willing to learn and professional. Many felt nutrition students and graduates had received quality education with knowledge, skills and attitudes meeting expectations of nutrition education being provided but felt that students and graduates often lacked confidence in their abilities. Employers remarked that graduates who had undergone placements were better prepared for the professional work environment. However, gaps were identified because employers felt nutrition curricula lack training on business skills and digital competencies.

Conclusions

Employers had a positive experience with Irish nutrition graduates and students and felt they were competent for the workforce. Addressing the gaps identified by employers to adapt curricula to modern workforce needs would further enhance graduate employability.

背景：本科营养课程为学生和毕业生提供了广泛的就业机会。然而，对于雇主如何看待爱尔兰当前的营养教育实践，以及毕业生如何为当今劳动力市场的现实做好准备，我们却知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨雇主对营养实习学生和毕业生就业能力的看法：我们对爱尔兰和英国的 12 名营养学雇主进行了访谈，他们目前或最近雇用了爱尔兰营养学毕业生或接受过指导的实习学生。对访谈内容进行了逐字记录和主题分析：结果：确定了三个主题，包括结果：确定了三个主题，包括："适应现代劳动力需求"、"专业能力期望 "和 "重视以能力为基础的教育和专业体系"。雇主们报告说，爱尔兰营养实习学生和毕业生的总体经历是积极的。他们被认为是适应性强、乐于学习和专业的。许多人认为，营养学专业的学生和毕业生接受了高质量的教育，其知识、技能和态度都符合人们对营养学教育的期望，但认为学生和毕业生往往对自己的能力缺乏信心。雇主认为，经过实习的毕业生能够更好地适应专业工作环境。然而，由于雇主认为营养学课程缺乏商业技能和数字能力方面的培训，因此发现了差距：结论：雇主们对爱尔兰营养学毕业生和学生有积极的评价，认为他们能够胜任工作。解决雇主发现的差距，使课程适应现代劳动力的需求，将进一步提高毕业生的就业能力。

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引用次数: 0

Do people with type 2 diabetes find continuous and intermittent low-energy diets for weight loss and diabetes remission acceptable? 2 型糖尿病患者是否可以接受持续性和间歇性低能量饮食来减轻体重和缓解糖尿病？

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13313

Joanna Brooks, Helen Ruane, Sarah McDiarmid, Avni Vyas, Basil Issa, Michelle Harvie

Background

The Manchester Intermittent versus Daily Diet App Study (MIDDAS) tested the feasibility and potential efficacy of two remotely delivered low-energy diet (LED) programmes (800 kcal/day) to support weight loss and remission of type 2 diabetes: continuous [CLED] (8 weeks of daily LED) and intermittent [ILED] (2 days of LED/week for 28 weeks). Understanding participant experiences can help us to understand the acceptability of LED programmes to people with type 2 diabetes, informing future programme development and implementation.

Methods

Twenty participants (10 CLED; 10 ILED) took part in interviews conducted at the end of the active weight loss phase (CLED week 12, ILED week 28). Interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically using the template analysis approach, with an a priori focus on acceptability. Four themes are presented: prospective acceptability, intervention coherence and perceived effectiveness, opportunity costs and self-efficacy.

Results

Both remotely supported CLED and ILED interventions appeared acceptable to participants. CLED participants found the rapid initial weight loss phase comparatively easy and highly motivating but expressed more concerns around weight maintenance. ILED participants found the more gradual weight loss initially frustrating but expressed greater confidence in their longer-term adherence. The importance of continued individualised support from healthcare professionals was emphasised, and evidence of weight loss and improvement in other medical markers through monitoring via the mobile phone app was useful.

Conclusion

Different approaches to remotely delivered LEDs appear acceptable; therefore asking patients which approach may be more acceptable to them may be a useful way to offer individualised and tailored support.

研究背景曼彻斯特间歇性与日常饮食应用研究（Manchester Intermittent versus Daily Diet App Study，MIDDAS）测试了两种远程提供的低能量饮食（LED）计划（800 千卡/天）的可行性和潜在疗效，以支持体重减轻和 2 型糖尿病的缓解：持续性 [CLED]（8 周的日常 LED）和间歇性 [ILED]（2 天/周的 LED，28 周）。了解参与者的经历有助于我们了解2型糖尿病患者对发光二极管计划的接受程度，为未来计划的开发和实施提供参考：20名参与者（10名CLED；10名ILED）参加了在积极减肥阶段结束时（CLED第12周，ILED第28周）进行的访谈。访谈内容均已誊写，并采用模板分析法进行了专题分析，先验重点是可接受性。结果显示了四个主题：预期可接受性、干预一致性和感知有效性、机会成本和自我效能：结果：远程支持的 CLED 和 ILED 干预似乎都能被参与者接受。CLED的参与者认为快速减肥的初始阶段相对容易，激励性强，但对体重维持表示了更多的担忧。ILED 参与者发现，最初较为渐进的减肥过程令人沮丧，但他们对长期坚持减肥更有信心。他们强调了医护人员持续提供个性化支持的重要性，通过手机应用监测体重减轻和其他医学指标改善的证据也很有用：远程提供 LED 的不同方法似乎都是可以接受的；因此，询问患者他们更容易接受哪种方法可能是提供个性化和量身定制支持的有用方法。

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引用次数: 0

An exploration of the experiences and attitudes of healthcare professionals towards enteral tube feeding for adults living in the community following stroke 探讨医护专业人员对中风后在社区生活的成年人进行肠管喂养的经验和态度。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13320

Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Angela M. Madden

Background

Guidelines recommend enteral feeding via gastrostomy should be considered for adult survivors of stroke with dysphagia who cannot eat or drink sufficiently for >4 weeks. Many people continue long-term tube-feeding via this route in the community where healthcare professionals contribute to their care and nutritional management, although little is known about their experiences of or attitudes towards enteral feeding in this situation. The present study aimed to explore the experiences and attitudes of healthcare professionals working with this patient group.

Methods

Healthcare professionals were invited to complete a questionnaire devised for the study which comprised closed and open questions about tube-feeding including their patients' participation in feeding processes and mealtimes and how these might be improved. Responses to closed questions were analysed descriptively and free-text responses analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Fifty-seven participants met the inclusion criteria. They identified patients' quality of life (77% of respondents) and nutritional support (75%) as the most important aspects of tube-feeding. Good communication and training with healthcare teams and carers were considered important. Their patients' participation in tube-feed administration and mealtime involvement were described as variable and potentially beneficial, but both were related to patients' choice and health impairment. Blended tube-feeding was considered an option by 89% provided practical and safety conditions were met.

Conclusions

Participants' experiences of and attitudes towards tube feeding in adults living with stroke in the community in the sample in the present study are varied and focussed on individual patients' needs, safety and professional standards.

背景：指南建议，对于有吞咽困难且不能充分进食或饮水超过 4 周的中风成年幸存者，应考虑通过胃造口进行肠内喂养。许多人在社区继续通过这种途径进行长期管饲，由医护人员对他们进行护理和营养管理，但人们对他们在这种情况下进行肠内喂养的经验或态度知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨医护人员在为这一患者群体提供服务时的经验和态度。方法：医护人员受邀填写一份为本研究设计的调查问卷，其中包括有关管式喂养的封闭式和开放式问题，包括患者参与喂养过程和进餐时间的情况，以及如何改善这些情况。对封闭式问题的回答进行描述性分析，对自由文本回答进行主题分析：57 名参与者符合纳入标准。他们认为患者的生活质量（77% 的受访者）和营养支持（75% 的受访者）是管饲最重要的方面。他们认为与医疗团队和护理人员的良好沟通和培训非常重要。受访者认为，患者参与管饲和进餐时间的情况各不相同，但都与患者的选择和健康受损程度有关。89%的人认为，在满足实际和安全条件的情况下，混合管式喂食是一种选择：在本研究的样本中，参与者对社区中风成人患者管饲的经验和态度各不相同，并侧重于患者的个人需求、安全性和专业标准。

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引用次数: 0

Volume-based enteral feeding for ward patients with acute neurological conditions: a pilot prospective cohort study 急性神经系统疾病病房患者的容量式肠内喂食：一项前瞻性队列试点研究。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13319

Jessie A. Varghese, Simone Keegan, Christine Nicholson, Katharine J. Drummond, Neha Kaul, Kate Fetterplace

Background

Patients requiring enteral nutrition (EN) after neurological insults experience feeding interruptions, contributing to inadequate nutrition delivery. This prospective cohort study investigated if volume-based enteral feeding (VBF) improved the delivery of prescribed EN volume in ward patients with acute neurological conditions.

Methods

Over two sequential periods, the usual care group received standard continuous rate-based feeding, and the intervention group received VBF with bi-daily EN rate adjustments to achieve target daily volume. The primary outcome was percentage of prescribed daily EN formula volume delivered. Differences in energy and protein provision, weight, malnutrition and safety were explored. An evaluation survey captured nurse acceptability of the protocol.

Results

The intervention group (n = 32) achieved greater median interquartile range (IQR) EN adequacy of prescribed volume at 92% (88–97) compared to 67% (54–78) for usual care (n = 35) (p < 0.001). VBF compared to rate-based feeding resulted in patients receiving more kilojoules (131 [121–138] kJ/kg vs. 84 [64–99] kJ/kg; p < 0.001) and protein (1.3 [1.2–1.5] g/kg vs. 0.9 [0.6–1.1] g/kg; p < 0.001). There were no differences in gastrointestinal intolerance between groups. Compliance to the VBF protocol was 90%, and 78% of staff reported high confidence using the protocol. The intervention group had less median weight loss at discharge (−1.4 [0.1 to −4.3] kg) than usual care (−3.6 [−1.3 to 8.4] kg; p < 0.011), but no differences in malnutrition status were observed.

Conclusion

A VBF protocol delivered greater EN volume, energy and protein following neurological injury. The VBF protocol was feasible with high acceptability from nursing staff.

背景：神经损伤后需要肠内营养（EN）的患者会出现喂食中断，导致营养供给不足。这项前瞻性队列研究调查了以容量为基础的肠内喂养（VBF）是否能改善急性神经系统疾病病房患者的肠内营养供给量：在两个连续的时间段内，常规护理组接受标准的连续速率喂养，干预组接受基于容量的肠内喂养，每天调整两次EN速率以达到目标日喂养量。主要结果是每日EN配方喂养量占规定喂养量的百分比。研究还探讨了能量和蛋白质供应、体重、营养不良和安全性方面的差异。一项评估调查反映了护士对方案的接受程度：结果：干预组（n = 32）的中位数四分位数间距（IQR）EN充足率达到92%（88-97），而常规护理组（n = 35）的中位数四分位数间距（IQR）EN充足率仅为67%（54-78）（p 结论：VBF方案能提供更多的EN：VBF 方案可在神经损伤后提供更多的EN容量、能量和蛋白质。VBF 方案可行，护理人员接受度高。

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引用次数: 0

US neonatal intensive care unit registered dietitian nutritionists salary description and correlates: results of a survey 美国新生儿重症监护室注册营养师的薪资说明及相关因素：调查结果。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13318

Rosa K. Hand, Stephanie Merlino Barr, Tanis R. Fenton, Sharon Groh-Wargo

Background

This survey described the compensation of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) in the United States and examined correlates of higher salaries within this group.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was completed in 2021 by 143 NICU RDNs from 127 US hospitals who reported hourly wage in US dollars (USD). We used initial bivariate analyses to assess the relationship of selected institution-level and individual-level variables to hourly wage; the rank-sum test for binary variables; bivariate regression and Pearson correlation coefficients for continuous variables; the Kruskal–Wallis test for categorical variables. Variables with a compelling relationship to the hourly wage outcome were considered in model creation. Final model selection was based on comparisons of model fit.

Results

Median hourly compensation was USD 33.24 (interquartile range [IQR] 29.81, 38.49). Seven variables had a compelling bivariate relationship with hourly wage: cost of living, employer facility with a paediatric residency, employer facility with a neonatal fellowship, NICU bed: full-time equivalents (FTE) RDN ratio, years in neonatal nutrition, having a certification and order writing privileges. In the final adjusted model (R² = 0.42), three variables remained associated with increased hourly wage: higher cost of living, longer length of career in neonatal nutrition and fewer NICU beds per NICU RDN FTE.

Conclusions

US NICU RDNs earn similar or slightly higher wages than other US paediatric RDNs; they earn substantially less than other NICU healthcare team members. Employers need to improve compensation for NICU RDNs to incentivise their retention and recognise their additional non-clinical responsibilities.

背景：这项调查描述了美国新生儿重症监护室（NICU）注册营养师（RDNs）的薪酬情况，并研究了这一群体中高薪的相关因素：2021 年，来自美国 127 家医院的 143 名新生儿重症监护室注册营养师完成了一项横断面在线调查，他们报告的时薪单位为美元（USD）。我们使用初步的二元分析来评估选定的机构级和个人级变量与小时工资的关系；对二元变量使用秩和检验；对连续变量使用二元回归和皮尔逊相关系数；对分类变量使用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验。在创建模型时，考虑了与小时工资结果有明显关系的变量。最终模型的选择基于模型拟合度的比较：每小时报酬中位数为 33.24 美元（四分位数间距 [IQR] 29.81 - 38.49）。有七个变量与时薪有显著的双变量关系：生活成本、拥有儿科住院医师资格的雇主机构、拥有新生儿研究员资格的雇主机构、新生儿重症监护室床位：全职等同（FTE）RDN比率、从事新生儿营养工作的年限、拥有证书和医嘱书写权限。在最终的调整模型中（R2 = 0.42），有三个变量仍然与时薪的增加有关：较高的生活成本、较长的新生儿营养职业生涯以及每名新生儿重症监护室 RDN FTE 的新生儿重症监护室床位数较少：结论：美国新生儿重症监护室营养师的工资与美国其他儿科营养师的工资相近或略高于其他儿科营养师；他们的工资远远低于其他新生儿重症监护室医疗团队成员。雇主需要提高新生儿重症监护室研发护士的报酬，以激励他们留任，并认可他们承担的额外非临床职责。

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引用次数: 0

Diet modification reduces pain and improves function in adults with osteoarthritis: a systematic review 饮食调节可减轻骨关节炎成人患者的疼痛并改善其功能：系统综述。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13317

Karen Stanfar, Corey Hawes, Mina Ghajar, Laura Byham-Gray, Diane R. Radler

Background

The effect of dietary modifications on pain and joint function in adults with osteoarthritis (OA) is an emerging area of study. This systematic review aimed to evaluate if adults with OA who consume diets with a higher proportion of plant phenols and omega-3 fatty acids would have less pain and improved joint function than those with a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids and refined carbohydrates.

Methods

Database searches of CINAHL (EBSCO), Clinical Trials (NIH-NLM), Cochrane Library (Wiley), Dissertation & Thesis Global (ProQuest), Embase (Elsevier), Medline (OVID), PubMed (NLM), Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Sciences (Clarivate) for clinical trials identified 7763 articles published between January 2015 and May 2023. After an independent review of the articles, seven randomised clinical trials and one nonrandomised clinical trial were included in the analysis. Because of the heterogeneity of the outcome measures, a meta-analysis was not possible.

Results

Participants who were instructed to consume high-phenol/high-omega-3 fatty acid diets reported significant improvements in pain and physical function scores. The greatest improvement was reported by those who consumed a diet that had the most omega-3 fatty acids.

Conclusion

Because of the high risk of bias, the strength of the evidence is limited. However, there is evidence that counselling adults with OA to replace refined grains and processed foods with whole plant foods, fish and plant oils may have a favourable effect on pain and physical function. Routine follow-up care regarding these diet modifications may be necessary to ensure adherence to this therapy.

背景：饮食调整对成人骨关节炎（OA）患者疼痛和关节功能的影响是一个新兴的研究领域。本系统性综述旨在评估与饱和脂肪酸、ω-6 脂肪酸和精制碳水化合物比例较高的膳食相比，摄入植物酚和ω-3 脂肪酸比例较高膳食的成人 OA 患者是否会减轻疼痛并改善关节功能：在CINAHL (EBSCO)、Clinical Trials (NIH-NLM)、Cochrane Library (Wiley)、Dissertation & Thesis Global (ProQuest)、Embase (Elsevier)、Medline (OVID)、PubMed (NLM)、Scopus (Elsevier)、Web of Sciences (Clarivate)数据库中检索了2015年1月至2023年5月期间发表的7763篇临床试验文章。在对文章进行独立审查后，7 项随机临床试验和 1 项非随机临床试验被纳入分析。由于结果测量存在异质性，因此无法进行荟萃分析：结果：接受高酚/高欧米加-3 脂肪酸饮食指导的参与者在疼痛和身体功能评分方面有显著改善。摄入欧米伽-3 脂肪酸最多的饮食的参与者的改善幅度最大：结论：由于偏倚风险较高，因此证据的力度有限。不过，有证据表明，指导患有 OA 的成年人用全植物食品、鱼类和植物油取代精制谷物和加工食品可能会对疼痛和身体功能产生有利影响。可能有必要对这些饮食调整进行常规跟踪护理，以确保患者坚持这种疗法。

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引用次数: 0

Key stakeholders' perspectives on the development of an early dietary phosphate self-management strategy for children and young people with chronic kidney disease stages 1–3: A modified Delphi consensus process 主要利益相关者对制定慢性肾病 1-3 期儿童和青少年早期膳食磷酸盐自我管理策略的看法：改良德尔菲共识过程。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13308

Pearl Pugh, Pippa Hemingway, Martin Christian, Gina Higginbottom

Background

An early dietary phosphate intervention (EPI) can provide vital medical benefits supporting self-management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood.

Objective

To utilise expert consensus to provide early modelling for an EPI to guide clinical practice across a paediatric renal network.

Methods

Forty-eight statements across six domains were constructed following a systematic review and semi-structured interviews with children and young people (CYP), parents and healthcare professionals (HCP). A three-round online Delphi survey with parents and paediatric renal multi-disciplinary healthcare experts was undertaken.

Results

Twenty-one experts agreed on 56 statements over three Delphi rounds. Statements were accepted in all six domains: definition of an EPI (2), rationale (12), intended users (3), delivery (14) (when [1], where [3], who [2], how [8]), other considerations (16) and potential concerns (9).

Conclusions

Consensus was reached on a definition and a set of guiding principles, providing some early modelling for implementation and future research on the development of an EPI strategy for CYP with CKD.

背景：早期膳食磷酸盐干预（EPI）可为儿童慢性肾脏病（CKD）的自我管理提供重要的医疗益处：目的：利用专家共识提供早期磷酸盐饮食干预模型，以指导儿科肾病网络的临床实践：在对儿童和青少年 (CYP)、家长和医疗保健专业人员 (HCP) 进行系统回顾和半结构式访谈后，制定了六个领域的 48 项陈述。对家长和儿科肾病多学科医疗专家进行了三轮德尔菲在线调查：结果：21 位专家在三轮德尔菲调查中就 56 项陈述达成了一致意见。所有六个领域的声明均被接受：EPI 的定义 (2)、原理 (12)、目标用户 (3)、交付 (14)（何时 [1]、何地 [3]、何人 [2]、如何 [8]）、其他考虑因素 (16) 和潜在问题 (9)：就定义和一系列指导原则达成了共识，为慢性肾脏病社区青年患者 EPI 战略的实施和未来研究提供了一些早期模型。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding engagement in diet and dementia prevention research among British South Asians: a short report of findings from a patient and public involvement group 了解英国南亚人参与饮食和痴呆症预防研究的情况：患者和公众参与小组调查结果的简短报告。

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics

Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13316

Yi J. Sim, Rebecca F. Townsend, Susanna Mills, Rachel Stocker, Emma Stevenson, Claire McEvoy, Andrea M. Fairley

Background

Dementia is a global public health challenge. Evidence suggests that individuals from South Asian communities are an at-risk group for dementia, partly as a result of early and cumulative exposure to known dementia risk factors, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. There needs to be more culturally appropriate community engagement to increase awareness of dementia and identify better strategies to encourage participation in dementia-related research.

Methods

We aimed to better understand the barriers and facilitators towards engaging with, and participating in, diet and dementia related research among British South Asians. This was achieved using a public and patient involvement (PPI) approach. A community-based, engagement event involving information sharing from experts and roundtable discussions with South Asian communities (n = 26 contributors) was held in June 2023 in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Collaboration from preidentified PPI representatives (n = 3) informed the content and structure of PPI activities, as well as recruitment. Data were synthesised using template analysis, a form of codebook thematic analysis. This involved deductively analysing data using relevant a priori themes, which were expanded upon, or modified, via inductive analysis.

Results

The findings highlighted the importance of trust, representation and appreciation of cultural barriers as facilitators to engagement in diet and dementia risk reduction research. Consideration of language barriers, time constraints, social influences and how to embed community outreach activities were reported as driving factors to maximise participation.

Conclusions

This PPI work will inform the design and co-creation of a culturally adapted dietary intervention for brain health in accordance with the Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health and Care Research guidance for developing complex interventions.

背景：痴呆症是一项全球性的公共卫生挑战。有证据表明，南亚社区的人是痴呆症的高危人群，部分原因是早期和累积接触已知的痴呆症风险因素，如肥胖和 2 型糖尿病。我们需要开展更多与文化相适应的社区活动，以提高人们对痴呆症的认识，并确定更好的策略来鼓励人们参与痴呆症相关研究：我们的目标是更好地了解英国南亚人参与饮食和痴呆症相关研究的障碍和促进因素。为此，我们采用了公众和患者参与（PPI）的方法。2023 年 6 月，在英国泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔举行了一次以社区为基础的参与活动，包括专家信息分享和南亚社区圆桌讨论（n = 26 名参与者）。预先确定的公众参与代表（n = 3）为公众参与活动的内容和结构以及招募工作提供了信息。采用模板分析法对数据进行综合，这是一种编码本主题分析法。这包括使用相关的先验主题对数据进行演绎分析，并通过归纳分析对这些主题进行扩展或修改：研究结果强调了信任、代表性和对文化障碍的理解对于参与饮食和降低痴呆症风险研究的重要性。据报告，考虑语言障碍、时间限制、社会影响以及如何嵌入社区外联活动是最大限度提高参与度的驱动因素：根据医学研究委员会和国家健康与护理研究所关于开发复杂干预措施的指导意见，这项公众参与工作将为设计和共同创建针对大脑健康的文化适应性饮食干预措施提供信息。

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引用次数: 0