A new species of stygobitic hyalellid amphipod, Hyalella cretaen. sp., is described from Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA, based on both morphological and molecular comparisons to congeners. These data identify H. cretaen. sp. as distinct when compared to allied species. Along with the similar Hyalella muertaBaldinger, Shepard & Threloff, 2000, H. cretaen. sp. marks the second described stygobitic species of Hyalella from the Nearctic. The occurrence of the genus in groundwater in the Nearctic is enigmatic, especially when compared to other more wide-ranging stygobites (e.g., Stygobromus spp., Hadziidae spp.). The biogeographic implications of the occurrence of species like H. muerta and H. cretaen. sp. in relation to other Nearctic stygobites is discussed.
根据与同属种的形态学和分子比较，描述了产自美国内华达州奈伊县 Ash Meadows 国家野生动物保护区的一个新种--Hyalella cretaen.这些数据表明 H. cretaen.cretaen. sp.是近北极地区第二个被描述的Hyalella的stygobitic物种。该属在近北极地区地下水中的出现令人费解，尤其是与其他分布范围更广的石龙子类（如 Stygobromus spp.、Hadziidae spp.）相比。讨论了 H. muerta 和 H. cretaen. sp.等物种的出现对生物地理学的影响，以及它们与其他近地海蛇的关系。
{"title":"A new species of stygobitic Hyalella Smith, 1874 (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae) from Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nevada, USA, with discussion of the unique presence of the species in the Nearctic groundwater fauna","authors":"Andrew G Cannizzaro, Corey J Lange, David J Berg","doi":"10.1093/jcbiol/ruad073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruad073","url":null,"abstract":"A new species of stygobitic hyalellid amphipod, Hyalella cretaen. sp., is described from Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA, based on both morphological and molecular comparisons to congeners. These data identify H. cretaen. sp. as distinct when compared to allied species. Along with the similar Hyalella muertaBaldinger, Shepard & Threloff, 2000, H. cretaen. sp. marks the second described stygobitic species of Hyalella from the Nearctic. The occurrence of the genus in groundwater in the Nearctic is enigmatic, especially when compared to other more wide-ranging stygobites (e.g., Stygobromus spp., Hadziidae spp.). The biogeographic implications of the occurrence of species like H. muerta and H. cretaen. sp. in relation to other Nearctic stygobites is discussed.","PeriodicalId":54850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","volume":"264 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138687473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potamon strouhali Pretzmann, 1976 is endemic to Iran, and distributed in a small heterogeneous region of the southern Persian plateau that includes two main drainage basins, the Khalij Fars-Oman and Markazi basins. Two subspecies of P. strouhali were previously recognized, but these, together with another species described that same year, P. eiseltiPretzmann, 1976, were all considered to be one species based on shared gonopod morphology. We examined individuals from the complete distributional range covering the type localities of all three taxa using morphological and morphometric-geometric data. The linear morphometric results using 21 characters and geometric-morphometric analysis of carapace shape were consistent. The results of the analysis indicated that P. strouhali has two main morphological populations and the subspecies are thus junior subjective synonyms of these two morphotypes. Potamon eiselti and P. s. shurium are attributed to morphotype 1 and P. s. strouhali to morphotype 2.
Potamon strouhali Pretzmann，1976 年，是伊朗的特有种，分布在波斯高原南部的一个小的异质地区，包括两个主要的排水盆地，即 Khalij Fars-Oman 盆地和 Markazi 盆地。Strouhali 的两个亚种之前已被确认，但这两个亚种以及同年描述的另一个物种 P. eiseltiPretzmann, 1976，都被认为是一个物种，其依据是共同的性腺形态。我们利用形态学和形态计量学数据，对来自这三个类群模式产地的完整分布区的个体进行了研究。使用 21 个特征进行的线性形态计量结果和对甲壳形状进行的几何形态计量分析结果一致。分析结果表明，P. strouhali 有两个主要的形态种群，因此亚种是这两种形态的初级主观同义词。Potamon eiselti 和 P. s. shurium 属于形态类型 1，P. s. strouhali 属于形态类型 2。
{"title":"Intraspecific morphological variations in the Iranian endemic freshwater crab Potamon strouhali (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae)","authors":"Movahhed Najafi, Alireza Keikhosravi, R. Naderloo","doi":"10.1093/jcbiol/ruad077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruad077","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Potamon strouhali Pretzmann, 1976 is endemic to Iran, and distributed in a small heterogeneous region of the southern Persian plateau that includes two main drainage basins, the Khalij Fars-Oman and Markazi basins. Two subspecies of P. strouhali were previously recognized, but these, together with another species described that same year, P. eiseltiPretzmann, 1976, were all considered to be one species based on shared gonopod morphology. We examined individuals from the complete distributional range covering the type localities of all three taxa using morphological and morphometric-geometric data. The linear morphometric results using 21 characters and geometric-morphometric analysis of carapace shape were consistent. The results of the analysis indicated that P. strouhali has two main morphological populations and the subspecies are thus junior subjective synonyms of these two morphotypes. Potamon eiselti and P. s. shurium are attributed to morphotype 1 and P. s. strouhali to morphotype 2.","PeriodicalId":54850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","volume":"158 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139019560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial reefs act as islands of biodiversity that provide substrate where sessile organisms can settle and mobile invertebrates and fishes can find shelter and food. Though these structures are common and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico, their community composition is not well understood. We aimed to ameliorate understanding of the invertebrate communities living on artificial reefs in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico by using molecular techniques and morphological examination to describe the biodiversity and genetic connectivity of crabs (Infraorders Anomura and Brachyura) living on and among artificial reefs near Pensacola, FL, USA. Specimens (N = 1,241) were collected from six artificial reefs using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) after four, six, and ten months of submergence, respectively, and were identified using DNA barcoding and morphological examination. Spatial and temporal trends in biodiversity were examined by comparing Hill-Shannon and Hill-Simpson diversities, richness, and canonical correspondence analysis. Population genetic analyses were performed on the two most commonly recovered species, Pseudomedaeus agassizii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) and Hexapanopeus paulensis (Rathbun, 1930). A total of 11 taxa were identified, and artificial reef shape was found to be influential in shaping spatial patterns of biodiversity. Species turnover was common across the ten months of sampling, and richness peaked at the ten-month mark. Population genetics revealed that there is high gene flow between the six sampling locations. This study is the first to describe the biodiversity of crab communities on artificial reefs in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico.
{"title":"Biodiversity and genetic connectivity of Brachyura and Anomura (Decapoda) from artificial reefs in the Gulf of Mexico","authors":"Cara H Womacks, A. Janosik","doi":"10.1093/jcbiol/ruad081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruad081","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Artificial reefs act as islands of biodiversity that provide substrate where sessile organisms can settle and mobile invertebrates and fishes can find shelter and food. Though these structures are common and widespread in the Gulf of Mexico, their community composition is not well understood. We aimed to ameliorate understanding of the invertebrate communities living on artificial reefs in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico by using molecular techniques and morphological examination to describe the biodiversity and genetic connectivity of crabs (Infraorders Anomura and Brachyura) living on and among artificial reefs near Pensacola, FL, USA. Specimens (N = 1,241) were collected from six artificial reefs using Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) after four, six, and ten months of submergence, respectively, and were identified using DNA barcoding and morphological examination. Spatial and temporal trends in biodiversity were examined by comparing Hill-Shannon and Hill-Simpson diversities, richness, and canonical correspondence analysis. Population genetic analyses were performed on the two most commonly recovered species, Pseudomedaeus agassizii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) and Hexapanopeus paulensis (Rathbun, 1930). A total of 11 taxa were identified, and artificial reef shape was found to be influential in shaping spatial patterns of biodiversity. Species turnover was common across the ten months of sampling, and richness peaked at the ten-month mark. Population genetics revealed that there is high gene flow between the six sampling locations. This study is the first to describe the biodiversity of crab communities on artificial reefs in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico.","PeriodicalId":54850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","volume":"151 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anchita Casaubon, K. Hultgren, Chris Murray, Ryan J Hanscom, Carla Hurt
Snapping shrimps of the genus AlpheusFabricius, 1798 exhibit remarkable diversity, with over 300 described species. The genus is well-known for its prevalence of species complexes, necessitating the need of new tools to facilitate species discrimination. Traditional taxonomic methods in Alpheus have primarily relied on the examination of morphological traits or comparative morphometric measurements, with an emphasis on variation in the major chela and rostro-orbital region. We applied an integrated approach that combines molecular genetics and geometric morphometrics to investigate the A. gracilipesStimpson, 1860 species complex. We additionally applied geometric morphometric techniques to study the major chela and the rostrum across different species, and used three mitochondrial genes (12S, COI, and 16S) to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of this complex. Our results demonstrate the first application of geometric morphometric techniques to Alpheus snapping shrimps, and highlight the significance of the major chela and rostrum as taxonomically informative traits. Furthermore, we use DNA barcodes and geometric morphometric techniques to the A. gracilipes species complex to reveal two previously unidentified cryptic species. We present the first phylogenetic reconstruction of this species complex, with new localities and expanded distribution ranges reported for many species.
{"title":"Application of integrative taxonomy combining phylogenetic and geometric morphometric techniques in a snapping shrimp (Alpheus) species complex (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae)","authors":"Anchita Casaubon, K. Hultgren, Chris Murray, Ryan J Hanscom, Carla Hurt","doi":"10.1093/jcbiol/ruad078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruad078","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Snapping shrimps of the genus AlpheusFabricius, 1798 exhibit remarkable diversity, with over 300 described species. The genus is well-known for its prevalence of species complexes, necessitating the need of new tools to facilitate species discrimination. Traditional taxonomic methods in Alpheus have primarily relied on the examination of morphological traits or comparative morphometric measurements, with an emphasis on variation in the major chela and rostro-orbital region. We applied an integrated approach that combines molecular genetics and geometric morphometrics to investigate the A. gracilipesStimpson, 1860 species complex. We additionally applied geometric morphometric techniques to study the major chela and the rostrum across different species, and used three mitochondrial genes (12S, COI, and 16S) to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of this complex. Our results demonstrate the first application of geometric morphometric techniques to Alpheus snapping shrimps, and highlight the significance of the major chela and rostrum as taxonomically informative traits. Furthermore, we use DNA barcodes and geometric morphometric techniques to the A. gracilipes species complex to reveal two previously unidentified cryptic species. We present the first phylogenetic reconstruction of this species complex, with new localities and expanded distribution ranges reported for many species.","PeriodicalId":54850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","volume":"429 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139022129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The taxonomy of the potamiscine freshwater crab genus Tenuipotamon Dai, 1990, which contains seven species, is revised. According to a concurrent molecular phylogenetic study, Tenuipotamon is paraphyletic, and is composed of two lineages. In this study, Tenuipotamon sensu stricto is restricted to its type species, T. purpura Dai, 1990, while a new genus, Pusillamongen. nov., is established to accommodate the remaining six species placed previously in Tenuipotamon sensu stricto (T. baishuiense Chen, 1993, T. huaningense Dai & Bo, 1994, T. panxiense Chen, 1993, T. tonghaiense Chen, 1993, T. xinpingense Chen, 1993, and T. yuxiense Chen, 1993). Diagnoses are provided for the two genera, which are both endemic to the topographically complex Hengduan Mountains Region of southwestern China.
对包含 7 个种的淡水蟹属 Tenuipotamon Dai（1990 年）的分类进行了修订。根据同时进行的分子系统发育研究，Tenuipotamon 属为副系，由两个系组成。在本研究中，严格意义上的 Tenuipotamon 仅限于其模式种 T. purpura Dai，1990 年，同时建立了一个新属 Pusillamongen、baisuiense Chen, 1993, T. huaningense Dai & Bo, 1994, T. panxiense Chen, 1993, T. tonghaiense Chen, 1993, T. xinpingense Chen, 1993, and T. yuxiense Chen, 1993）。这两个属都是中国西南部地形复杂的横断山区的特有种，本文对它们进行了诊断。
{"title":"Revision of the Chinese freshwater crab genus Tenuipotamon Dai, 1990 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae), with the description of a new genus from southwestern China","authors":"Boyang Shi, Darren C J Yeo, Hongying Sun","doi":"10.1093/jcbiol/ruad080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruad080","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The taxonomy of the potamiscine freshwater crab genus Tenuipotamon Dai, 1990, which contains seven species, is revised. According to a concurrent molecular phylogenetic study, Tenuipotamon is paraphyletic, and is composed of two lineages. In this study, Tenuipotamon sensu stricto is restricted to its type species, T. purpura Dai, 1990, while a new genus, Pusillamongen. nov., is established to accommodate the remaining six species placed previously in Tenuipotamon sensu stricto (T. baishuiense Chen, 1993, T. huaningense Dai & Bo, 1994, T. panxiense Chen, 1993, T. tonghaiense Chen, 1993, T. xinpingense Chen, 1993, and T. yuxiense Chen, 1993). Diagnoses are provided for the two genera, which are both endemic to the topographically complex Hengduan Mountains Region of southwestern China.","PeriodicalId":54850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138989119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As fiddler crabs increase in size, closing force weakens proportionally because claw growth is not isometric. As a result, mechanical advantage decreases at the tip with increasing claw length. Closing force at an interior tubercle is greater at the tip, and a previous study of two species claimed evidence for compensation by relative movement of tubercles toward the hinge as size increases. I reconsidered this hypothesis with a biometric analysis of eight species from five genera and all three major biogeographic regions. I tested test two null hypotheses: 1) as claw length increases, mechanical advantage did not increase at the tubercle, relative to the claw tip, and 2) closing force did not increase at the tubercle, relative to the claw tip, as claw size increased. Both null hypotheses are largely supported, which in turn supports the weakening combatant hypothesis. In all cases, log force as a function of log claw length at an interior tubercle is 1.40, which is less than 2, the slope value expected if there was complete compensation. This is only slightly greater than the slope at the dactyl tip, which is 1.21. Thus, as a fiddler crab gets larger, with an incremental increase of claw length its closing force proportionally decreases, supporting the idea of a weakening combatant. But it gains a large showy claw with relatively narrow pincers and relatively less mass required to swing around while waving. This is indeed a beautiful weapon, but not for sheer closing force.
{"title":"The bigger you are, the weaker you are: Multispecies evidence for the weakening combatant hypothesis","authors":"J. Levinton","doi":"10.1093/jcbiol/ruad075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruad075","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As fiddler crabs increase in size, closing force weakens proportionally because claw growth is not isometric. As a result, mechanical advantage decreases at the tip with increasing claw length. Closing force at an interior tubercle is greater at the tip, and a previous study of two species claimed evidence for compensation by relative movement of tubercles toward the hinge as size increases. I reconsidered this hypothesis with a biometric analysis of eight species from five genera and all three major biogeographic regions. I tested test two null hypotheses: 1) as claw length increases, mechanical advantage did not increase at the tubercle, relative to the claw tip, and 2) closing force did not increase at the tubercle, relative to the claw tip, as claw size increased. Both null hypotheses are largely supported, which in turn supports the weakening combatant hypothesis. In all cases, log force as a function of log claw length at an interior tubercle is 1.40, which is less than 2, the slope value expected if there was complete compensation. This is only slightly greater than the slope at the dactyl tip, which is 1.21. Thus, as a fiddler crab gets larger, with an incremental increase of claw length its closing force proportionally decreases, supporting the idea of a weakening combatant. But it gains a large showy claw with relatively narrow pincers and relatively less mass required to swing around while waving. This is indeed a beautiful weapon, but not for sheer closing force.","PeriodicalId":54850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139025622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The freshwater calanoid copepod Arctodiaptomus dorsalis (Marsh, 1907) was first recorded from the Philippines in 2001 in Laguna de BayThe copepod gained the status of “invasive species” in 2021 due to its presence in 23 of 32 surveyed Philippine lakes and rivers. Genomic DNA was extracted from 107 individuals of A. dorsalis, representing seven populations on the island of Luzon to gather information on the population structure, genetic connectivity, and range expansion of the species.. A 720-bp fragment of the nuclear ITS1 and ITS2 spacers was used to analyze the genetic structure of the populations. High haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.7951), low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0024), and low genetic distance between populations indicate high levels of gene flow and low levels of isolation. Six of the 12 haplotypes were unique to particular sites, but the three shared haplotypes suggest panmixia among populations. Tajima’s D (D = 0.4945) and Fu’s F (F = -2.8950) suggest a recent increase in population size following a bottleneck. This may have occurred as the result of the copepod’s suspected initial introduction into the Philippines after 1905 via the trade in ornamental aquarium fish, eventually followed by its expansion into nearby inland waters through one or more aquaculture-mediated introduction events. Laguna de Bay’s role since 1972 as the main source of tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)) for release into various Philippine lakes provides circumstantial support for this scenario.
{"title":"Insights on the connectivity, genetic diversity, and population structure of Arctodiaptomus dorsalis (Marsh, 1907) (Copepoda: Calanoida: Diaptomidae) in the Philippines","authors":"Shea K P Guinto, Ryuji J Machida, Rey D S Papa","doi":"10.1093/jcbiol/ruad070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruad070","url":null,"abstract":"The freshwater calanoid copepod Arctodiaptomus dorsalis (Marsh, 1907) was first recorded from the Philippines in 2001 in Laguna de BayThe copepod gained the status of “invasive species” in 2021 due to its presence in 23 of 32 surveyed Philippine lakes and rivers. Genomic DNA was extracted from 107 individuals of A. dorsalis, representing seven populations on the island of Luzon to gather information on the population structure, genetic connectivity, and range expansion of the species.. A 720-bp fragment of the nuclear ITS1 and ITS2 spacers was used to analyze the genetic structure of the populations. High haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.7951), low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0024), and low genetic distance between populations indicate high levels of gene flow and low levels of isolation. Six of the 12 haplotypes were unique to particular sites, but the three shared haplotypes suggest panmixia among populations. Tajima’s D (D = 0.4945) and Fu’s F (F = -2.8950) suggest a recent increase in population size following a bottleneck. This may have occurred as the result of the copepod’s suspected initial introduction into the Philippines after 1905 via the trade in ornamental aquarium fish, eventually followed by its expansion into nearby inland waters through one or more aquaculture-mediated introduction events. Laguna de Bay’s role since 1972 as the main source of tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)) for release into various Philippine lakes provides circumstantial support for this scenario.","PeriodicalId":54850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Augusto F Huber, Wesley A Fitzsimmons, Jacob T Westhoff
Small-bodied aquatic animals present a challenge to researchers seeking to uniquely mark individuals for scientific study. Microtransponder tags, such as p-Chips, represent the smallest electronic animal tags available to meet this need. The use of p-Chips to tag freshwater crayfishes, however, has not been explored. The goal of this study, therefore, was to determine the effects of p-Chip tagging on growth and survival of crayfishes in a controlled laboratory environment. We also investigated potential influences from variables such as sex, reproductive form, number of molt events, and crayfish size on mortality. We internally tagged individuals of the woodland crayfish Faxonius hylas (Faxon, 1890) (12.2–26.6 mm carapace length; CL) with either one p-Chip (single-tag) or one p-Chip and one visual implant elastomer tag (double-tagged) and observed the effects over a period of 90 days. Survival probability over time was not statistically different (P > 0.05) among tagging groups, sex, and reproductive form. Survival rates were similar across all tagging groups, with 75% in the control group, 77% in the double-tagged group, and 78% in the single-tag group. A strong correlation, however, was observed between survival and the number of molt events. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between survival and crayfish size (CL), indicating a higher risk of mortality for larger individuals. There were no statistically significant differences in growth in CL (P = 0.30) or mass (P = 0.19) among the tagging groups. We conclude that p-Chips are a viable tagging option for the study of crayfishes given their size, readability, and retention through molting cycles. We recommend that future studies repeat this experiment using smaller individuals to determine the minimum crayfish size compatible with p-Chip tagging. It is also important to test p-Chips with other crayfish species and compare the growth and mortality of crayfish tagged with p-Chips in natural habitats.
{"title":"The smaller, the better? First evaluation of growth and mortality in crayfish internally tagged with p-Chips","authors":"Augusto F Huber, Wesley A Fitzsimmons, Jacob T Westhoff","doi":"10.1093/jcbiol/ruad071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruad071","url":null,"abstract":"Small-bodied aquatic animals present a challenge to researchers seeking to uniquely mark individuals for scientific study. Microtransponder tags, such as p-Chips, represent the smallest electronic animal tags available to meet this need. The use of p-Chips to tag freshwater crayfishes, however, has not been explored. The goal of this study, therefore, was to determine the effects of p-Chip tagging on growth and survival of crayfishes in a controlled laboratory environment. We also investigated potential influences from variables such as sex, reproductive form, number of molt events, and crayfish size on mortality. We internally tagged individuals of the woodland crayfish Faxonius hylas (Faxon, 1890) (12.2–26.6 mm carapace length; CL) with either one p-Chip (single-tag) or one p-Chip and one visual implant elastomer tag (double-tagged) and observed the effects over a period of 90 days. Survival probability over time was not statistically different (P > 0.05) among tagging groups, sex, and reproductive form. Survival rates were similar across all tagging groups, with 75% in the control group, 77% in the double-tagged group, and 78% in the single-tag group. A strong correlation, however, was observed between survival and the number of molt events. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between survival and crayfish size (CL), indicating a higher risk of mortality for larger individuals. There were no statistically significant differences in growth in CL (P = 0.30) or mass (P = 0.19) among the tagging groups. We conclude that p-Chips are a viable tagging option for the study of crayfishes given their size, readability, and retention through molting cycles. We recommend that future studies repeat this experiment using smaller individuals to determine the minimum crayfish size compatible with p-Chip tagging. It is also important to test p-Chips with other crayfish species and compare the growth and mortality of crayfish tagged with p-Chips in natural habitats.","PeriodicalId":54850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca L Anderson, Winsor H Watson, Christopher C Chabot
While several marine species exhibit biological rhythms of heart rate, gill ventilation, or locomotion, the relationship between these three measures in any species remains unexplored. The American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemusLinnaeus, 1758, expresses circalunidian locomotor rhythms and circadian eye sensitivity rhythms, but it is not clear if either heart and ventilation rates are controlled on a circadian, or circatidal basis or the nature of the relationship between these three measures. We aimed to determine the extent to which the heart and ventilation rates of L. polyphemus are coordinated with its endogenous rhythms of locomotion. We recorded rhythmic beating of the heart and movements of the gill plates in freely moving horseshoe crabs. Most individuals exhibited robust circatidal rhythms of locomotion, heart rate, and ventilation that were highly correlated with each other over three weeks of continuous recording. These results are the first showing long-term rhythms of all three measures in any marine species and suggest that heart rate and ventilation rhythms are coordinated in L. polyphemus, both with each other, and with locomotion, and thus are all modulated on a tidal basis.
{"title":"Long-term circatidal rhythms of heart rate, gill ventilation, and locomotion in the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus Linnaeus, 1758 (Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Merostomata: Limulidae)","authors":"Rebecca L Anderson, Winsor H Watson, Christopher C Chabot","doi":"10.1093/jcbiol/ruad069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruad069","url":null,"abstract":"While several marine species exhibit biological rhythms of heart rate, gill ventilation, or locomotion, the relationship between these three measures in any species remains unexplored. The American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemusLinnaeus, 1758, expresses circalunidian locomotor rhythms and circadian eye sensitivity rhythms, but it is not clear if either heart and ventilation rates are controlled on a circadian, or circatidal basis or the nature of the relationship between these three measures. We aimed to determine the extent to which the heart and ventilation rates of L. polyphemus are coordinated with its endogenous rhythms of locomotion. We recorded rhythmic beating of the heart and movements of the gill plates in freely moving horseshoe crabs. Most individuals exhibited robust circatidal rhythms of locomotion, heart rate, and ventilation that were highly correlated with each other over three weeks of continuous recording. These results are the first showing long-term rhythms of all three measures in any marine species and suggest that heart rate and ventilation rhythms are coordinated in L. polyphemus, both with each other, and with locomotion, and thus are all modulated on a tidal basis.","PeriodicalId":54850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","volume":"74 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria A Garcia-Bento, Fernando J Zara, Lucas R P Paschoal
We describe the use of abraded bivalve shells by the shellback crabs Hypoconcha arcuataStimpson, 1858 and H. parasitica (Linnaeus, 1763) in southeastern Brazil. Shells from four species of bivalves were associated with the crabs: Eucallista purpurata (Lamarck, 1818), Chionopsis crenata (Gmelin, 1791), and Tivela zonaria (Lamarck, 1818) (Veneridae), and, most frequently (50%), Dallocardia delicatula (E.A. Smith, 1915) (Cardiidae). This was the first documented record of shellback crabs using valves of veneriid bivalves, as well as the first report of a crab-shell association for Hypoconcha in the South Atlantic Ocean. The relationship between the increase in size of shellback crabs and the size of the chosen shell was discussed.
{"title":"The use of bivalve shells by the shellback crabs Hypoconcha arcuata Stimpson, 1858 and H. parasitica (Linnaeus, 1763) (Brachyura: Dromiidae: Hypoconchinae) in southeastern Brazil","authors":"Maria A Garcia-Bento, Fernando J Zara, Lucas R P Paschoal","doi":"10.1093/jcbiol/ruad068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruad068","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the use of abraded bivalve shells by the shellback crabs Hypoconcha arcuataStimpson, 1858 and H. parasitica (Linnaeus, 1763) in southeastern Brazil. Shells from four species of bivalves were associated with the crabs: Eucallista purpurata (Lamarck, 1818), Chionopsis crenata (Gmelin, 1791), and Tivela zonaria (Lamarck, 1818) (Veneridae), and, most frequently (50%), Dallocardia delicatula (E.A. Smith, 1915) (Cardiidae). This was the first documented record of shellback crabs using valves of veneriid bivalves, as well as the first report of a crab-shell association for Hypoconcha in the South Atlantic Ocean. The relationship between the increase in size of shellback crabs and the size of the chosen shell was discussed.","PeriodicalId":54850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crustacean Biology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138524361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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