Quantifying source rock properties is essential for subsurface characterization but remains a high-dimensional and nonlinear inverse problem. A statistical rock physics inversion workflow is implemented to efficiently estimate source rock properties from seismic and well-log data and quantify associated uncertainty. A thermal-maturation-dependent rock physics model is calibrated through Monte Carlo simulation to link source rock parameters with elastic properties. Weighted Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) integrates prior petrophysical knowledge, model calibration errors, and measured elastic data to estimate posterior distributions of source rock properties. The workflow is first validated through well-log inversion, showing posterior updates in source rock properties. Then the workflow is applied to seismic inversion after outlier detection using a robust Mahalanobis distance method, generating spatially coherent 2D distributions of rock properties in the Goldwyer III of the Canning Basin, consistent with well-log observations. Sensitivity analysis identifies porosity, kerogen, and illite as the most influential parameters. The workflow provides a robust, uncertainty-aware framework for source-rock property estimation.
{"title":"Statistical rock physics inversion for assessing source rock properties from seismic signatures: An application to the Canning Basin, Australia","authors":"Jiayuan Huang , Allegra Hosford Scheirer , Tapan Mukerji","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying source rock properties is essential for subsurface characterization but remains a high-dimensional and nonlinear inverse problem. A statistical rock physics inversion workflow is implemented to efficiently estimate source rock properties from seismic and well-log data and quantify associated uncertainty. A thermal-maturation-dependent rock physics model is calibrated through Monte Carlo simulation to link source rock parameters with elastic properties. Weighted Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) integrates prior petrophysical knowledge, model calibration errors, and measured elastic data to estimate posterior distributions of source rock properties. The workflow is first validated through well-log inversion, showing posterior updates in source rock properties. Then the workflow is applied to seismic inversion after outlier detection using a robust Mahalanobis distance method, generating spatially coherent 2D distributions of rock properties in the Goldwyer III of the Canning Basin, consistent with well-log observations. Sensitivity analysis identifies porosity, kerogen, and illite as the most influential parameters. The workflow provides a robust, uncertainty-aware framework for source-rock property estimation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 106026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106029
Neelu Patel, Md Naseem Ahamad, V.P. Singh
Seismic site characterization is crucial for evaluating how local soil conditions influence earthquake ground-motion and contribute to surface damage. The Bahraich district, situated in the Indo-Gangetic Basin near the Himalayan foothills lies in Seismic Zone IV as per the Indian seismic code, and is highly vulnerable to seismic hazards due to its stratigraphy, geology, and shallow water table. In this study seismic site characterization and correlation of corrected SPT values (N1)60 with shear wave velocity (Vs) have been developed based on 45 borehole profiles and 15 Multi Channel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) tests. A National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Programme (NEHRP) based seismic site classification map has been prepared from average shear wave velocity within 30 m depth (Vs30) using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation in ArcGIS. The interpolation uncertainty remains a subject for future scope. Results show that the southern Bahraich tehsil corresponds to NEHRP class DE (loose to medium-dense sand/soft to stiff clay), while the northern part corresponds to NEHRP class D (medium dense to dense sand/stiff clay). Cross-validation with lithological logs confirmed consistency, highlighting the strength of integrating MASW and borehole data. A region-specific non-linear correlation between shear wave velocity (Vs) and SPT (N1)60 values were developed for both sandy soil (Vs = 83.23(N1)600.351, R2 = 0.891, RMSE = 12.31 m/s) and mixed soil (Vs = 83.04(N1)600.350, R2 = 0.889, RMSE = 12.41 m/s). The developed correlations were validated using various graphical validation techniques and compared with a range of established Indian and International empirical models. The results confirm their reliability and applicability in regional geotechnical practices.
{"title":"Geophysical sub-surface characterization and development of SPT (N) value and shear wave velocity (Vs) correlation: A case study of Bahraich Tehsil, U.P., India","authors":"Neelu Patel, Md Naseem Ahamad, V.P. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic site characterization is crucial for evaluating how local soil conditions influence earthquake ground-motion and contribute to surface damage. The Bahraich district, situated in the Indo-Gangetic Basin near the Himalayan foothills lies in Seismic Zone IV as per the Indian seismic code, and is highly vulnerable to seismic hazards due to its stratigraphy, geology, and shallow water table. In this study seismic site characterization and correlation of corrected SPT values (N<sub>1</sub>)<sub>60</sub> with shear wave velocity (<em>Vs</em>) have been developed based on 45 borehole profiles and 15 Multi Channel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) tests. A National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Programme (NEHRP) based seismic site classification map has been prepared from average shear wave velocity within 30 m depth (Vs<sub>30</sub>) using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation in ArcGIS. The interpolation uncertainty remains a subject for future scope. Results show that the southern Bahraich tehsil corresponds to NEHRP class DE (loose to medium-dense sand/soft to stiff clay), while the northern part corresponds to NEHRP class D (medium dense to dense sand/stiff clay). Cross-validation with lithological logs confirmed consistency, highlighting the strength of integrating MASW and borehole data. A region-specific non-linear correlation between shear wave velocity <em>(Vs)</em> and SPT (N<sub>1</sub>)<sub>60</sub> values were developed for both sandy soil (<em>V</em><sub><em>s</em></sub> = 83.23(N<sub>1</sub>)<sub>60</sub><sup>0.351</sup>, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.891, RMSE = 12.31 m/s) and mixed soil (<em>V</em><sub><em>s</em></sub> = 83.04(N<sub>1</sub>)<sub>60</sub><sup>0.350</sup>, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.889, RMSE = 12.41 m/s). The developed correlations were validated using various graphical validation techniques and compared with a range of established Indian and International empirical models. The results confirm their reliability and applicability in regional geotechnical practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 106029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106023
Ming Ma , Rui Zhang , Feng Ma , Qianzong Bao
High-precision detection of geological anomalies can be achieved through diffractions generated when seismic or electromagnetic waves propagate in subsurface discontinuities, e.g., caves and fractures. However, capturing the diffracted portions of the full wavefield from acquired seismic or ground penetrating radar (GPR) data is challenging due to the strong interference and waveform blending. Furthermore, compared with reflections, diffractions possess low magnitudes and complex shapes. The aforementioned factors hinder difficulty in deploying robust diffraction extraction and imaging across various data domains. To enhance the accuracy of diffraction imaging and simplify the processing steps, we have built a new intricate mapping from full wavefield in dip-angle domain common image gather (Dip-ADCIG) to unique migrated diffractions with deep learning (DL) technique. By virtue of the encoder–decoder framework, characteristics of diffracted waves can be depicted, which are applied to classify disordered waveforms with improved efficiency. Self-attention computation in the improved backbone Swin Transformer V2 ensures the coincident fidelity between input and prediction result. Apart from the utilization of optimally configured encoder panel, mode of feature maps concatenating is modified in decoder module so as to obtain the diffraction imaging of small-scale heterogeneities. Through a stable training with a flood of data for the diverse designed geological models, the new workflow can provide a high-resolution depth-domain imaging of diffractions even with poor quality input gathers. Numerical and field data tests verify the high performance and validity of our proposed method.
{"title":"Diffraction wave separation and imaging by encoder–decoder network embedded Transformer","authors":"Ming Ma , Rui Zhang , Feng Ma , Qianzong Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-precision detection of geological anomalies can be achieved through diffractions generated when seismic or electromagnetic waves propagate in subsurface discontinuities, e.g., caves and fractures. However, capturing the diffracted portions of the full wavefield from acquired seismic or ground penetrating radar (GPR) data is challenging due to the strong interference and waveform blending. Furthermore, compared with reflections, diffractions possess low magnitudes and complex shapes. The aforementioned factors hinder difficulty in deploying robust diffraction extraction and imaging across various data domains. To enhance the accuracy of diffraction imaging and simplify the processing steps, we have built a new intricate mapping from full wavefield in dip-angle domain common image gather (Dip-ADCIG) to unique migrated diffractions with deep learning (DL) technique. By virtue of the encoder–decoder framework, characteristics of diffracted waves can be depicted, which are applied to classify disordered waveforms with improved efficiency. Self-attention computation in the improved backbone Swin Transformer V2 ensures the coincident fidelity between input and prediction result. Apart from the utilization of optimally configured encoder panel, mode of feature maps concatenating is modified in decoder module so as to obtain the diffraction imaging of small-scale heterogeneities. Through a stable training with a flood of data for the diverse designed geological models, the new workflow can provide a high-resolution depth-domain imaging of diffractions even with poor quality input gathers. Numerical and field data tests verify the high performance and validity of our proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 106023"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106017
Binghui Zhao , Liguo Han , Laiyu Lu , Xiaomiao Tan
In seismic data acquisition, the simultaneous source technique has been widely used by virtue of its high acquisition efficiency. After collecting a large amount of simultaneous source data, the simultaneous source data needs to be deblended. Nevertheless，the highly coherent and intricate entanglement of aliased signals with desired signals poses a significant hurdle for effective shot deblending. Conventional deblending methods require determining the specific excitation time of each shot, and based on this, performing operations such as pseudo deblending, channel set conversion, and denoising. This not only requires high accuracy of the excitation time, but also is a complicated operation that requires denoising each shot separately, which is computationally huge. We designed a multi-output U-shaped Net Transformer (UNetr)based on the principles of imaging. By utilizing a transformer, which is more sensitive to positional information, as an encoder, this network can distinguish the waveform characteristics of different single shots and separate the blended data directly in the common shot channel set. After testing, the method is more capable for coherent signals and more effective for deblending of overlapping shots. Without relying on time coding, the method skips the complex processing flow. The processing efficiency is improved and the deblending effect is significant.
{"title":"Deblending of simultaneous source seismic data in common shot domain based on multi-output U-shaped net transformer","authors":"Binghui Zhao , Liguo Han , Laiyu Lu , Xiaomiao Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In seismic data acquisition, the simultaneous source technique has been widely used by virtue of its high acquisition efficiency. After collecting a large amount of simultaneous source data, the simultaneous source data needs to be deblended. Nevertheless，the highly coherent and intricate entanglement of aliased signals with desired signals poses a significant hurdle for effective shot deblending. Conventional deblending methods require determining the specific excitation time of each shot, and based on this, performing operations such as pseudo deblending, channel set conversion, and denoising. This not only requires high accuracy of the excitation time, but also is a complicated operation that requires denoising each shot separately, which is computationally huge. We designed a multi-output U-shaped Net Transformer (UNetr)based on the principles of imaging. By utilizing a transformer, which is more sensitive to positional information, as an encoder, this network can distinguish the waveform characteristics of different single shots and separate the blended data directly in the common shot channel set. After testing, the method is more capable for coherent signals and more effective for deblending of overlapping shots. Without relying on time coding, the method skips the complex processing flow. The processing efficiency is improved and the deblending effect is significant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 106017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145625388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106024
Xinhao Wei , Nannan Zhou , Zhenghu Zhang
The transient electromagnetic response is significantly influenced by specific electrical structures and targets, which can lead to anomalous signal and sign reversal phenomena. Both resistive and conductive polarizable targets can contribute to sign reversal. Accurately distinguishing the response characteristics associated with different electrical targets is crucial for enhancing our understanding of underground electrical structures and field exploration. However, systematic research on the causes of this phenomenon remains lacking. We analyzed the Yemaquan skarn-type mineral deposit in the East Kunlun orogenic belt of China as a case study. This mining area comprises resistive granodiorite and conductive, highly polarizable carbonaceous rocks, making it an ideal site for investigating sign reversal phenomena. Our forward modeling shows that a subsurface low-to-high resistivity transition distorts early-time responses, reducing their amplitude relative to a uniform high-resistivity half-space. On the other hand, polarizable targets mainly induce a sign reversal in late-time responses, manifested as an increase in late-time values. The coexistence of these targets can lead to multiple sign reversals in the data, a finding that was validated with field measurements.
{"title":"Analysis of the sign reversal phenomena in grounded-wire transient electromagnetic response—A case study of the Yemaquan skarn-type iron polymetallic deposit","authors":"Xinhao Wei , Nannan Zhou , Zhenghu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transient electromagnetic response is significantly influenced by specific electrical structures and targets, which can lead to anomalous signal and sign reversal phenomena. Both resistive and conductive polarizable targets can contribute to sign reversal. Accurately distinguishing the response characteristics associated with different electrical targets is crucial for enhancing our understanding of underground electrical structures and field exploration. However, systematic research on the causes of this phenomenon remains lacking. We analyzed the Yemaquan skarn-type mineral deposit in the East Kunlun orogenic belt of China as a case study. This mining area comprises resistive granodiorite and conductive, highly polarizable carbonaceous rocks, making it an ideal site for investigating sign reversal phenomena. Our forward modeling shows that a subsurface low-to-high resistivity transition distorts early-time responses, reducing their amplitude relative to a uniform high-resistivity half-space. On the other hand, polarizable targets mainly induce a sign reversal in late-time responses, manifested as an increase in late-time values. The coexistence of these targets can lead to multiple sign reversals in the data, a finding that was validated with field measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 106024"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106022
Van-Quang Nguyen
This study investigates the influence of earthquake frequency content on the seismic behavior of earth core rockfill dams (ECRDs) through two-dimensional nonlinear numerical simulations. A representative ECRD located in South Korea is modeled in FLAC2D using hysteretic and elastic constitutive models for the dam materials, and the model is validated against centrifuge test data. Two groups of ground motions, categorized by low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) content, are used to perform nonlinear time history analyses. Results reveal that LF ground motions induce significantly greater crest settlements and lateral displacements compared to HF motions. Additionally, fragility curves developed based on crest settlement ratios show markedly higher damage probabilities under LF excitations across all damage states. These findings emphasize the critical role of earthquake frequency content in the seismic performance of ECRDs under the modeled two-dimensional conditions, highlighting the need to incorporate spectral characteristics into design and safety evaluations for similar dam geometries and material configurations.
{"title":"Effect of earthquake frequency content on the seismic behavior of earth core rockfill dams","authors":"Van-Quang Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of earthquake frequency content on the seismic behavior of earth core rockfill dams (ECRDs) through two-dimensional nonlinear numerical simulations. A representative ECRD located in South Korea is modeled in FLAC<sup>2D</sup> using hysteretic and elastic constitutive models for the dam materials, and the model is validated against centrifuge test data. Two groups of ground motions, categorized by low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) content, are used to perform nonlinear time history analyses. Results reveal that LF ground motions induce significantly greater crest settlements and lateral displacements compared to HF motions. Additionally, fragility curves developed based on crest settlement ratios show markedly higher damage probabilities under LF excitations across all damage states. These findings emphasize the critical role of earthquake frequency content in the seismic performance of ECRDs under the modeled two-dimensional conditions, highlighting the need to incorporate spectral characteristics into design and safety evaluations for similar dam geometries and material configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 106022"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106021
Anguo Chen , Yingwei Yan , Shu Zhang , Yuanzhu Liang , Xiaofei Chen , Jing Li , Ruizhe Sun , Shichuan Yuan , Hanbing Ai
The application of passive surface-wave imaging (PSWI) in mineral prospecting remains limited, as the data acquirement process is often compromised by non-stationary noise originating from active mining production. In addition, the ore deposits are often hosted in hard rock environments, which is usually highly complex and heterogeneous compared with the sedimentary rock environments, these sites are indeed a challenge for current PSWI methods. As an experimental study, this paper presents a case study of mineral exploration using PSWI. Specifically, the S-wave velocity imaging of Nihe iron deposit, Luzong ore district, eastern China is realized using the PSWI with a linear array, and the preconditioned steepest-descent (PSD) is selected as the inversion algorithm. The obtained S-wave velocity tomogram is in good agreement with the geological materials of the survey area, and two known iron orebodies are also reflected, clearly. Furthermore, the extra prospecting target is also identified from the tomogram. The imaging result is also evaluated in the data domain, consisting of the fittings of dispersion data and sensitivity kernels, and the excellent convergence of the PSD algorithm has been confirmed. The S-wave velocity tomogram is also compared with those results of other geophysical methods to further show the advantages of the PSWI in mineral exploration. The comparison results indicate that the PSWI is highly suitable for detailed resource investigation during the mineral exploration or mining process. Finally, the stability of the inversion system and subarray division are also analyzed in the discussion part.
{"title":"Application of passive surface-wave imaging for porphyrite iron deposit exploration: A case study of Nihe iron mine, Luzong ore district, Eastern China","authors":"Anguo Chen , Yingwei Yan , Shu Zhang , Yuanzhu Liang , Xiaofei Chen , Jing Li , Ruizhe Sun , Shichuan Yuan , Hanbing Ai","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of passive surface-wave imaging (PSWI) in mineral prospecting remains limited, as the data acquirement process is often compromised by non-stationary noise originating from active mining production. In addition, the ore deposits are often hosted in hard rock environments, which is usually highly complex and heterogeneous compared with the sedimentary rock environments, these sites are indeed a challenge for current PSWI methods. As an experimental study, this paper presents a case study of mineral exploration using PSWI. Specifically, the S-wave velocity imaging of Nihe iron deposit, Luzong ore district, eastern China is realized using the PSWI with a linear array, and the preconditioned steepest-descent (PSD) is selected as the inversion algorithm. The obtained S-wave velocity tomogram is in good agreement with the geological materials of the survey area, and two known iron orebodies are also reflected, clearly. Furthermore, the extra prospecting target is also identified from the tomogram. The imaging result is also evaluated in the data domain, consisting of the fittings of dispersion data and sensitivity kernels, and the excellent convergence of the PSD algorithm has been confirmed. The S-wave velocity tomogram is also compared with those results of other geophysical methods to further show the advantages of the PSWI in mineral exploration. The comparison results indicate that the PSWI is highly suitable for detailed resource investigation during the mineral exploration or mining process. Finally, the stability of the inversion system and subarray division are also analyzed in the discussion part.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 106021"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145520244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accurate estimation of local event slopes is critical for seismic data processing. This study introduces an advanced deep learning framework for robust seismic local event slope estimation under challenging acquisition conditions. The proposed method integrates perceptual loss modules and self-attention mechanisms within a cycle-consistent adversarial network architecture. This approach operates without requiring precisely paired seismic-slope training data by leveraging bidirectional adversarial learning with cycle consistency loss constraints. The perceptual loss component preserves essential geological structural features through hierarchical feature space optimization, while self-attention mechanisms enable effective modeling of long-range dependencies in irregularly sampled seismic data. Comprehensive evaluation demonstrates the framework’s superior performance compared to conventional plane-wave destruction methods, particularly when processing seismic data with substantial noise contamination and missing traces. Validation across synthetic benchmarks and field datasets confirms enhanced slope estimation accuracy and improved structural continuity. The method’s ability to extract transferable seismic representations further benefits downstream processing tasks including data reconstruction and noise attenuation.
{"title":"Seismic local event slopes estimation using cycle generative adversarial network based on perceptual loss and self attention mechanism","authors":"Chao Li, Chenghan Zhang, Xiaotao Wen, Xingye Liu, Fen Lyu, Shaohuan Zu","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate estimation of local event slopes is critical for seismic data processing. This study introduces an advanced deep learning framework for robust seismic local event slope estimation under challenging acquisition conditions. The proposed method integrates perceptual loss modules and self-attention mechanisms within a cycle-consistent adversarial network architecture. This approach operates without requiring precisely paired seismic-slope training data by leveraging bidirectional adversarial learning with cycle consistency loss constraints. The perceptual loss component preserves essential geological structural features through hierarchical feature space optimization, while self-attention mechanisms enable effective modeling of long-range dependencies in irregularly sampled seismic data. Comprehensive evaluation demonstrates the framework’s superior performance compared to conventional plane-wave destruction methods, particularly when processing seismic data with substantial noise contamination and missing traces. Validation across synthetic benchmarks and field datasets confirms enhanced slope estimation accuracy and improved structural continuity. The method’s ability to extract transferable seismic representations further benefits downstream processing tasks including data reconstruction and noise attenuation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 106005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145467630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Precise modeling of elastic wave propagation in complex geological media is essential for applications including seismic exploration and geophysical simulations. Traditional numerical approaches, including the Finite Difference Method (FDM) and Finite Element Method (FEM), encounter difficulties in managing complex geometries and computational efficiency, especially for high-accuracy simulations on unstructured meshes. While hybrid hp-FEM enhances convergence properties, the costs associated with adaptive refinement and matrix inversion are still prohibitively high. Spectral Element Methods (SEM) using hexahedral meshes exhibit exponential convergence rates yet struggle to handle geometrically sharp features effectively. Tetrahedral Spectral Methods (TSEM) achieve high precision and improved geometric flexibility, yet retain the costly mass matrix inversion issue inherent to FEM. In this work, we introduce a discontinuous Galerkin tetrahedral spectral element method (DG-TSEM) to overcome these constraints. This approach integrates DG’s localized mass matrix benefits with TSEM’s high precision and geometric versatility, leverages generalized Vandermonde matrices for computationally efficient integration-free operations, and adopts Warp-Blend (WB) node arrangements to suppress Runge oscillations. Additionally, we develop a perfectly matched layer (PML) to minimize elastic wave boundary reflections and employ Message Passing Interface (MPI) parallelization to enhance computational efficiency. Numerical experiments demonstrate DG-TSEM’s superior accuracy, computational efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and the effectiveness of the PML implementation.
{"title":"DG-TSEM: A discontinuous Galerkin tetrahedral spectral element method for elastic wave propagation in complex geological models","authors":"Naixing Feng , Shuai Zhang , Wei Wang , Zhixiang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precise modeling of elastic wave propagation in complex geological media is essential for applications including seismic exploration and geophysical simulations. Traditional numerical approaches, including the Finite Difference Method (FDM) and Finite Element Method (FEM), encounter difficulties in managing complex geometries and computational efficiency, especially for high-accuracy simulations on unstructured meshes. While hybrid hp-FEM enhances convergence properties, the costs associated with adaptive refinement and matrix inversion are still prohibitively high. Spectral Element Methods (SEM) using hexahedral meshes exhibit exponential convergence rates yet struggle to handle geometrically sharp features effectively. Tetrahedral Spectral Methods (TSEM) achieve high precision and improved geometric flexibility, yet retain the costly mass matrix inversion issue inherent to FEM. In this work, we introduce a discontinuous Galerkin tetrahedral spectral element method (DG-TSEM) to overcome these constraints. This approach integrates DG’s localized mass matrix benefits with TSEM’s high precision and geometric versatility, leverages generalized Vandermonde matrices for computationally efficient integration-free operations, and adopts Warp-Blend (WB) node arrangements to suppress Runge oscillations. Additionally, we develop a perfectly matched layer (PML) to minimize elastic wave boundary reflections and employ Message Passing Interface (MPI) parallelization to enhance computational efficiency. Numerical experiments demonstrate DG-TSEM’s superior accuracy, computational efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and the effectiveness of the PML implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54882,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","volume":"244 ","pages":"Article 106006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145467627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106019
Yuan Xin , Qiang Sun , Pingye Guo , Jingjing Nan , Jishi Geng , Ziyu Wang , Rui Lv , Shaoli Liu
The study of the engineering properties of frozen loess in loess-covered regions is essential for addressing the challenges posed by global climate change. To investigate the failure modes of frozen loess, tests were conducted on the longitudinal wave velocity and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of remodeled loess at varying temperatures (25 °C (ambient), −5 °C, −10 °C, −15 °C, and − 20 °C). Additionally, uniaxial compression tests were performed, and resistance changes were recorded in real time. Results indicated that freezing temperature significantly influences the wave velocity of loess, with longitudinal wave velocity exhibiting a linear increase as freezing temperature decreases. The mechanical properties of frozen loess are jointly influenced by water content and freezing temperature, with peak strength increasing as freezing and thawing temperatures decrease. Failure modes of loess vary with water content and freezing temperature. Conjugate shear failure is more prevalent at high water content (18 %) and low freezing temperatures (−15 °C, −20 °C), where cracks propagate in an “x-shape” pattern. Increased water content markedly impacts the electrical conductivity of loess, particularly in the frozen state, as pore ice compression and melting alter resistance values. The behavior and phase transitions of pore water differ between ambient and frozen conditions, with pore ice formation and the pre-melting state caused by the reduced melting point under frozen conditions influencing the mechanical response and electrical conductivity of loess. These findings provide insights into the relationship between the damage process and pore water dynamics in frozen loess under uniaxial compression.
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