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A pilot study on the prevalence of lice in Irish beef cattle and the first Irish report of deltamethrin tolerance in Bovicola bovis. 爱尔兰肉牛中虱子流行的试点研究和爱尔兰首次报告Bovicola bovis对溴氰菊酯的耐受性。
IF 2.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-07-05 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-021-00198-y
Fiona Mckiernan, Jack O'Connor, William Minchin, Edward O'Riordan, Alan Dillon, Martina Harrington, Annetta Zintl

Background: Pediculosis in cattle causes significant itching, irritation and stress to the animal, often resulting in skin damage and poor coat condition. The control of bovine pediculosis in Ireland is based predominantly on commercial insecticides belonging to one of two chemical classes, the synthetic pyrethroids and the macrocyclic lactones. In recent years, pyrethroid tolerance has been reported in a number of species of livestock lice in the United Kingdom and Australia.

Results: In this pilot survey, lice were detected in 16 (94%) out of 17 herds visited. Two species of lice, Bovicola bovis and Linognathus vituli were identified. In vitro contact bioassays showed evidence of deltamethrin tolerance in Bovicola bovis collected from 4 farms. This was confirmed by repeatedly assessing louse infestations on treated animals on one farm.

Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first record of insecticide tolerant populations of lice in Irish cattle. The results also provide new data on the species of lice infesting beef cattle in Ireland and the prevalence and control of louse infestations in Irish beef cattle herds.

背景:牛的弓形虫病会给动物带来明显的瘙痒、刺激和压力,经常导致皮肤损伤和被毛状况不佳。爱尔兰对牛弓形虫病的控制主要基于两种化学类别之一的商业杀虫剂,即合成拟除虫菊酯和大环内酯。近年来,据报道,英国和澳大利亚的一些家畜虱类对拟除虫菊酯具有耐药性。结果:在这次试点调查中,在访问的17个畜群中,有16个(94%)发现了虱子。鉴定出牛虱和羊虱两种。体外接触生物测定显示,从4个养殖场采集的牛虻对溴氰菊酯具有耐受性。通过反复评估一个农场治疗过的动物身上的虱子感染情况,证实了这一点。结论:据我们所知,这是爱尔兰牛中虱子耐杀虫剂种群的第一次记录。研究结果还为爱尔兰肉牛的虱子种类以及爱尔兰肉牛群中虱子感染的流行和控制提供了新的数据。
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引用次数: 6
Seroprevalence of Chlamydia abortus infection in yak (Bos grunniens) in Tibet, China. 西藏地区牦牛流产衣原体感染血清流行病学分析。
IF 2.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-021-00199-x
Lin Liang, Yuan Wen, Zhaocai Li, Ping Liu, Xing Liu, Shuming Tan, Donghui Liu, Jizhang Zhou, Dewen Tong

Chlamydia spp. are prevalent zoonotic pathogens that infect a wide variety of host species. Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) infection in yaks has been reported in Gansu and Qinghai province, China. However, no data about C. abortus infection are available in yaks in Tibet, China. A total of 938 serum samples was collected from yaks in Tibet, China and specific antibodies against C. abortus were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the overall seroprevalence of C. abortus in yaks was 104/938 (11.1 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 9.1-13.1). The prevalence in female and male yaks was 59/556 (10.6 %, 95 % CI 8.0-13.2) and 45/382 (11.8 %, 95 % CI 8.5-15.0), respectively with no significant difference (p > 0.05). The seroprevalence of antibodies to C. abortus in yaks ranged from 8.0 to 18.2 % among the six different areas, and the difference was also without statistical significance (p > 0.05). The prevalence among different age groups ranged from 7.0 to 15.9 %, with a higher prevalence among 1 to 2 years age category. The results demonstrate the presence of C. abortus infection in yaks in Tibet and may pose a risk for the general yak populations in addition to its potential impact on public health and the local Tibetan economy. To our knowledge, this is the first seroprevalence survey of C. abortus in yaks in Tibet, China.

衣原体是一种流行的人畜共患病原体,可感染多种宿主物种。在中国甘肃和青海省报告了牦牛的流产衣原体感染。然而,在中国西藏地区的牦牛中,没有关于C. abortus感染的数据。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),采集西藏地区牦牛血清938份,检测牛产弧菌特异性抗体。结果表明,牦牛流产弧菌血清总阳性率为104/938(11.1%,95%可信区间[CI] 9.1 ~ 13.1)。公、母牦牛患病率分别为59/556 (10.6%,95% CI 8.0 ~ 13.2)和45/382 (11.8%,95% CI 8.5 ~ 15.0),差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。6个不同地区牦牛血清产弧菌抗体阳性率为8.0 ~ 18.2%,差异无统计学意义(p > 0.05)。不同年龄组的患病率为7.0 ~ 15.9%,其中1 ~ 2岁年龄组患病率较高。结果表明,在西藏牦牛中存在产弧菌感染,除了对公共卫生和当地经济造成潜在影响外,还可能对普通牦牛种群构成风险。据我们所知,这是中国西藏地区首次对牦牛产弧菌进行血清学调查。
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引用次数: 2
Controlling bacteriological contamination of environmental surfaces at the biological isolation and containment unit of a veterinary teaching hospital. 控制兽医教学医院生物隔离和封闭单元环境表面的细菌污染。
IF 2.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-06-28 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-021-00197-z
C Verdial, C Carneiro, I Machado, L Tavares, V Almeida, M Oliveira, S Gil

Background: The Biological Isolation and Containment Unit (BICU) is a subunit of the Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Lisbon, Portugal, for the admission of animals with confirmed infectious diseases or under clinical suspicion and waiting for a diagnosis. As a high-risk environment for the transmission of infectious agents, it is extremely important to implement programs for the surveillance of nosocomial microorganisms in these facilities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of bacterial contamination of the BICU environmental surfaces and to implement corrective actions on disinfection protocols. Swab samples were collected from selected environmental surfaces in 3 different areas of the BICU (isolation, work, and preparatory rooms) to evaluate the total aerobic bacterial load and investigate the presence of 4 nosocomial microorganisms: vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 3rd-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli, and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacterial quantification was performed by using non-selective media, while specific selective media were used for the isolation of the target microorganisms. Isolates were identified based on their macro and microscopic characteristics and their biochemical profile. Subsequently, new disinfection protocols were implemented, and their effectiveness evaluated.

Results: The surfaces with the highest bacterial load in the isolation, preparatory, and worker's rooms were the cages, hand-held sponge, and telephone, respectively. Regarding the 4 pathogens investigated, Enterococcus spp. were the most frequently isolated (11.3%), followed by E. coli (1.5%) and P. aeruginosa (1.5%). One of the P. aeruginosa isolates obtained was resistant to imipenem. In the end, new disinfection protocols were implemented, which proved to be effective in reducing bacterial counts by 99.99% in cages and the sponge, and by 90 to 99% on the telephone.

Conclusions: This study allows to conclude that the cages and the human contact surfaces were the most contaminated in the isolation rooms. Nevertheless, the new disinfection strategies seemed to be effective in reducing environmental contamination, including by some potentially nosocomial agents, although more samples must be analyzed for definitive conclusions. These results may contribute to highlight the importance of infection prevention and control measures, as fundamental tools to reduce the spread of infectious agents in the hospital environment.

背景:生物隔离和收容室(BICU)是葡萄牙里斯本大学兽医学院教学医院的一个亚单位,用于接收确诊传染病或有临床怀疑并等待诊断的动物。作为传染媒介传播的高风险环境,在这些设施中实施医院微生物监测计划是极其重要的。本研究的目的是评估BICU环境表面的细菌污染水平,并实施消毒方案的纠正措施。从BICU 3个不同区域(隔离室、工作室和准备室)的选定环境表面收集拭子样本,评估需氧细菌总负荷,并调查4种医院微生物的存在:耐万古霉素肠球菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、第3代耐头孢菌素大肠杆菌和耐碳青霉烯假单胞菌。使用非选择性培养基进行细菌定量,而使用特定的选择性培养基进行目标微生物的分离。根据其宏观和微观特征及其生化特征对分离菌株进行鉴定。随后,实施了新的消毒方案,并对其有效性进行了评估。结果:隔离室、准备室和工人室细菌载量最高的表面分别为网箱、手持式海绵和电话。4种病原菌中以肠球菌最多(11.3%),大肠杆菌次之(1.5%),铜绿假单胞菌次之(1.5%)。其中一株铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南有耐药性。最后,实施了新的消毒方案,事实证明,该方案有效地将笼子和海绵中的细菌数量减少了99.99%,在电话中减少了90%至99%。结论:本研究得出的结论是,隔离室中笼子和人的接触面是污染最严重的。尽管如此,新的消毒策略似乎有效地减少了环境污染,包括一些潜在的医院病原体,尽管必须对更多的样本进行分析才能得出明确的结论。这些结果可能有助于强调感染预防和控制措施的重要性,作为减少感染原在医院环境中传播的基本工具。
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引用次数: 2
Postoperative wound assessment in cattle: How reliable is the back hand palpation? 牛术后伤口评估:后手触诊的可靠性如何?
IF 2.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-06-16 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-021-00195-1
Ioannis Proios, Marian Kusenda, Christian Seiler, Carsten Siewert, Hermann Seifert, Martin Kaske

Background: As part of clinical wound assessment in bovine surgery, discrepancies in skin temperature are evaluated by placing the back of the hand on the area to be examined. Generally, an increased skin temperature at the wound site for a prolonged period is considered as an indicator of impaired wound healing. The aim of this study was to verify the reliability of palpation under bovine practice conditions using laparotomy as an example. Fourteen cows (German Holstein) with a left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) without other severe concurrent diseases were examined preoperatively and once daily for ten days after surgery. The skin temperature of the wound site in the right flank was assessed by palpation, followed by thermographic evaluation using an infrared camera after a 45-min acclimatisation period, under standardised conditions in a closed examination room daily for 10 days.

Results: All the incisions healed without clinical detectable perturbances. The ambient temperature range during the study period was 7.8 - 24.1 °C. Two groups were retrospectively defined according to the ambient temperature: high ambient temperature (HT group; median: 20.2 °C 25/75 quartile: 18.5 °C / 21.7 °C; n = 6) and low ambient temperature (LT group; 10.8 °C; 9.4 °C / 12.8 °C; n = 8). The temperature differences (Δϑ) between the mean skin temperature of the wound site and a defined reference area cranial to the wound were assessed. A significant negative correlation was found between the ambient temperature (ϑAmb) and Δϑ (r=-0.51; P < 0.001). The Δϑ was postoperatively higher in the cows in the LT group (median of the individual animals 0.8-2.5 °C) than in the HT group (0.1-0.5 °C; P < 0.05). In contrast to the thermographic findings, manual palpation rarely detected local hyperthermia (> 1 °C) at the wound site (sensitivity 0.20; specificity 0.96).

Conclusions: The infrared thermography provides a more reliable assessment of temperature changes at the wound site in comparison to manual palpation. The ambient temperature markedly affects the extent of local hyperthermia at the wound site.

背景:作为牛外科临床伤口评估的一部分,通过将手背放在要检查的区域来评估皮肤温度的差异。一般来说,伤口部位皮肤温度长时间升高被认为是伤口愈合受损的一个指标。本研究的目的是验证在牛实践条件下触诊的可靠性,以剖腹手术为例。术前对14头无其他严重并发疾病的左侧皱胃移位奶牛(德国荷斯坦)进行检查,术后10天每天检查一次。通过触诊评估右侧伤口部位的皮肤温度,然后在标准化条件下,每天在封闭的检查室中进行45分钟的适应期后,使用红外相机进行热成像评估。结果:所有切口均愈合,无临床可检出的扰动。研究期间的环境温度范围为7.8 ~ 24.1℃。根据环境温度回顾性分为两组:高环境温度组(HT组);中位数:20.2℃25/75四分位数:18.5℃/ 21.7℃;n = 6)和低环境温度组(LT组;10.8°C;9.4℃/ 12.8℃;n = 8)。评估伤口部位的平均皮肤温度与伤口颅侧定义的参考区域之间的温差(Δϑ)。环境温度(ϑAmb)与Δϑ呈显著负相关(r=-0.51;P 1°C)在伤口部位(敏感性0.20;特异性0.96)。结论:与手工触诊相比,红外热像仪能更可靠地评估伤口部位的温度变化。环境温度显著影响创面局部热疗的程度。
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引用次数: 0
Horn bud size of dairy-bred and suckler-bred calves at time of disbudding. 乳牛和乳牛在脱芽时的角芽大小。
IF 2.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-06-16 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-021-00196-0
Gabriela A Marquette, Mark McGee, Andrew D Fisher, Kelly Stanger, Anastasio Argüello, Bernadette Earley

Background: Hot-iron disbudding is a common management procedure to prevent horn growth in calves. The study objective was to examine effect of age, breed and sex on horn bud size of dairy-bred and suckler-bred calves at time of disbudding.

Results: The left and right horn bud size (diameter and height in mm) of 279 calves, including dairy-bred Holstein-Friesian (Male (M) = 88) and 191 suckler-bred (86 Charolais, CH; (M = 39, Female (F) = 47), 67 Limousin, LM; (M = 32, F = 35) and 38 Simmental, SI; (M = 22, F = 16) sired)) was measured using a digital calliper at time of disbudding. Calves were retrospectively assigned to two age categories at time of disbudding: 1), 14 to 28 days (d) old and 2), 29 to 60 d old. Holstein-Friesian M calves had a greater horn bud diameter (16.97 v.14.45 mm) and height (7.79 v. 5.00 mm) compared to suckler-bred M calves (P < 0.01), with no difference (P > 0.05) among the suckler-bred calves. Suckler-bred M calves had a greater horn bud diameter (14.46 vs 13.29 mm) and height (5.01 vs 3.88 mm) compared to suckler-bred F calves (P < 0.05). The slopes of the lines of best fit show that horn bud diameter and height increased with age (P < 0.05) for HF, SI male and CH female calves while there was no relationship with age (P > 0.05) for CH and LM male calves, or for SI and LM female calves. Linear regression of age with diameter and with height for each breed and sex showed high variability in the data as indicated by R-squared values ranging from 0.003-0.41 indicating that in the case of the diameter and the height, the weight of the fitting effect was poor.

Conclusions: Calf age is not a good predictor of horn bud size and recommendations for the disbudding of calves should be based on horn bud size and not on age. The implications of these findings are that calves should be disbudded while horn development is still at the bud stage and when the bud is large enough to be easily palpable/visible, but not so large that disbudding could lead to severe tissue trauma.

背景:热铁脱芽是一种常见的管理程序,以防止小牛角生长。研究目的是考察年龄、品种和性别对乳种和乳种犊牛脱芽时角芽大小的影响。结果279头犊牛的左右角芽大小(直径和高度,单位为mm),其中乳种荷尔斯泰因-弗里马(公(M) 88头)和乳种191头(夏洛莱86头,CH;(M = 39,女(F) = 47), 67利穆赞,LM;(M = 32, F = 35)和38 Simmental, SI;(M = 22, F = 16))在脱芽时使用数字卡尺测量。小牛在脱芽时被回顾性地分为两个年龄类别:1),14至28日龄(d)和2),29至60日龄。在哺乳犊牛中,荷斯泰因-弗里马M犊牛的角芽直径(16.97 vs .14.45 mm)和高度(7.79 vs . 5.00 mm)均大于哺乳犊牛(P < 0.05)。哺乳M犊牛的角芽直径(14.46 mm比13.29 mm)和角高(5.01 mm比3.88 mm)均大于哺乳F犊牛(P < 0.05)。各品种和性别的年龄随直径和身高的线性回归表明,数据具有很大的变异性,r平方值在0.003-0.41之间,表明在直径和身高的情况下,权重拟合效果较差。结论:犊牛年龄不能很好地预测牛角芽的大小,建议犊牛的脱芽应基于牛角芽的大小,而不是年龄。这些发现的含义是,小牛应该在角发育仍处于萌芽阶段时脱芽,并且当芽足够大以容易触摸/可见时,但不要太大,以免脱芽可能导致严重的组织损伤。
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引用次数: 1
The effect of short term peripheral parenteral nutrition on treatment outcomes and mortality in critically ill pediatric canine patients. 短期外周肠外营养对重症小儿犬患者治疗效果和死亡率的影响。
IF 2.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-021-00194-2
Cesar Augusto Flores Dueñas, Soila Maribel Gaxiola Camacho, Martin Francisco Montaño Gómez, Rafael Villa Angulo, Idalia Enríquez Verdugo, Tomás Rentería Evangelista, José Ascención Pérez Corrales, Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Gaxiola

Background: Peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) is increasingly considered as an alternative to central parenteral nutrition (CPN) given the higher cost and more frequent clinical complications associated with the latter. However, the assessment of potential risks and benefits of PPN in critically ill pediatric canine patients has not been extensively performed. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of short-term, hypocaloric PPN on weight loss, length of hospital stay, the incidence of complications, adverse effects, and mortality in critically ill pediatric canine patients.

Results: Between August 2015 and August 2018, a total of 59 critically ill pediatric canine patients aged from 1 to 6 months admitted at the Veterinary Sciences Research Institute of the Autonomous University of Baja California were included in this non-randomized clinical trial. Canine pediatric patients were initially allocated to 3 groups: 11 in group 1 receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) supplementation equivalent to 40% of the resting energy requirement (RER), 12 in group 2 receiving supplementation of 50% of the RER, and 36 in group 3 receiving no PN supplementation. After establishing that there was no significant difference between 40 and 50% of PN supplementation, these groups were not separated for downstream analysis. Similar lengths of hospital stays were noted among study subjects who received PN supplementation and those who did not (4.3 ± 1.5 vs. 5.0 ± 1.5, days, p = 0.097). No metabolic-, sepsis- or phlebitis-related complications were observed in any animal in the PPN supplemented group. Higher mortality (19.4% vs. 0%, p = 0.036), and a greater percentage of weight loss (9.24% vs. 0%, p <  0.001) were observed in patients who received no supplementation.

Conclusion: Even though short-term, hypocaloric PPN did not reduce the length of hospital stay, it was associated with lower mortality and resulted in mitigation of weight loss. In contrast to previous studies evaluating central and peripheral parenteral nutrition protocols, we observed a lower frequency of metabolic, septic, and phlebitis complications using a 40-50% parenteral nutrition treatment. The parenteral nutrition therapeutic intervention used in our study may reduce PN-related adverse effects and promote a favorable disease outcome in critically ill canine patients. Larger studies will be needed to confirm these observations.

背景:外周肠外营养(PPN)越来越被认为是中心肠外营养(CPN)的替代方案,因为后者成本更高,临床并发症更频繁。然而,对PPN在重症儿科犬患者中的潜在风险和益处的评估尚未广泛进行。在本研究中,我们旨在探讨短期低热量PPN对重症儿科犬患者体重减轻、住院时间、并发症发生率、不良反应和死亡率的影响。结果:2015年8月至2018年8月,在下加利福尼亚自治大学兽医科学研究所共收治了59例1至6个月的重症儿科犬患者,纳入了这项非随机临床试验。犬儿患者最初被分为3组:1组11例接受相当于静息能量需取量40%的肠外营养(PN)补充,2组12例接受相当于静息能量需取量50%的肠外营养补充,3组36例不接受肠外营养补充。在确定PN添加量为40%和50%之间没有显著差异后,这些组没有被分开进行下游分析。在接受PN补充和未接受PN补充的研究对象中,住院时间相似(4.3±1.5 vs 5.0±1.5,天,p = 0.097)。在PPN补充组中,没有观察到任何动物的代谢、败血症或静脉炎相关并发症。更高的死亡率(19.4% vs. 0%, p = 0.036)和更高的体重减轻百分比(9.24% vs. 0%, p)结论:即使短期低热量PPN并没有缩短住院时间,但它与较低的死亡率相关,并导致体重减轻。与先前评估中央和外周肠外营养方案的研究相比,我们观察到使用40-50%的肠外营养治疗可降低代谢、脓毒症和静脉炎并发症的发生率。在我们的研究中使用的肠外营养治疗干预可以减少pn相关的不良反应,促进危重犬患者的良好预后。需要更大规模的研究来证实这些观察结果。
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引用次数: 0
Exotic pets in Ireland: 1. Prevalence of ownership and access to veterinary services. 爱尔兰的外来宠物:拥有和获得兽医服务的普遍程度。
IF 2.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-021-00190-6
Matt Goins, Alison J Hanlon

Background: There has been increasing concern expressed about the welfare of exotic pets worldwide. For the purposes of this article, an exotic pet is considered to be a non-domesticated species, where there are knowledge gaps on good practice (minimum standards of care), veterinary diagnostics and treatments. The categories of exotic pets included in this study were: small mammals (< 20 kg), large mammals (> 20 kg), birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates. Dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, gerbils, guinea pigs, mice, rats, and ferrets were excluded from the study. An online survey of pet owning staff at University College Dublin was conducted between July and August 2020 to provide the first empirical data for Ireland. In this pilot study (the first in this thematic series) we aim to characterise exotic pet ownership, the challenges and benefits of keeping exotic pets, and access to veterinary services from the pet owner's perspective.

Results: Using an online survey this pilot study gathered evidence from 83 domestic and 32 exotic pet owners within the staff (n = ~ 3600 FTE) at University College Dublin, the largest third level institution in Ireland. The prevalence of exotic pet ownership was determined to be 34.4 % of households with more than 10 % of pet owning households owning only exotic pets. Fish (n = 15), reptiles (n = 13) and birds (n = 8) were the most common types of exotic pets. Thirty-four per cent of exotic pet owners never sought veterinary services, the most common reasons were due to lack of local veterinary specialists (n = 10) and good owner knowledge (n = 8). However identifying appropriate guidance on the animals' needs was a common challenge for exotic pet owners (n = 13). A reasonable monthly cost of caring for an exotic ranged from €20-180, depending on the species.

Conclusions: This pilot study contains important implications for veterinary education to support the veterinary community with providing services to the exotic pet owning community. Policy issues with exotic pet ownership also need to be considered and further research into the proposed strategies to support the health and welfare of exotic pets should be carried out such as the introduction of white lists and guidelines on responsible pet ownership.

背景:世界各地对外来宠物的福利越来越关注。就本文而言,外来宠物被认为是一种非驯化物种,在良好实践(最低护理标准)、兽医诊断和治疗方面存在知识差距。外来宠物的种类包括:小型哺乳动物(20公斤)、鸟类、爬行动物、两栖动物、鱼类和无脊椎动物。狗、猫、兔子、仓鼠、沙鼠、豚鼠、小鼠、大鼠和雪貂被排除在研究之外。2020年7月至8月期间,都柏林大学学院对养宠物的员工进行了一项在线调查,为爱尔兰提供了第一批实证数据。在这项试点研究中(本专题系列的第一项研究),我们旨在从宠物主人的角度描述饲养异国宠物的特点,饲养异国宠物的挑战和好处,以及获得兽医服务的机会。结果:通过在线调查,本试点研究收集了爱尔兰最大的三级机构都柏林大学(University College Dublin)工作人员(n = ~ 3600 FTE)中83名国内宠物主人和32名外国宠物主人的证据。34.4%的家庭拥有外来宠物,10%以上的家庭只拥有外来宠物。鱼类(n = 15)、爬行动物(n = 13)和鸟类(n = 8)是最常见的外来宠物。34%的外来宠物主人从未寻求过兽医服务,最常见的原因是缺乏当地兽医专家(n = 10)和良好的主人知识(n = 8)。然而,对于外来宠物主人来说,为动物的需求提供适当的指导是一个共同的挑战(n = 13)。照顾一只外来物种的合理费用每月在20-180欧元之间,具体取决于物种。结论:本初步研究对兽医教育具有重要意义,可为兽医界提供服务。还需要考虑与外来宠物饲养有关的政策问题,并应进一步研究拟议的策略,以支持外来宠物的健康和福利,例如引入白名单和负责任的宠物饲养准则。
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引用次数: 4
Exotic pets in Ireland: 2. Provision of veterinary services and perspectives of veterinary professionals' on responsible ownership. 爱尔兰的外来宠物:2.兽医服务的提供和兽医专业人员对负责任的主人的看法。
IF 2.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-021-00191-5
Matt Goins, Alison J Hanlon

Background: There has been increasing concern expressed about the welfare of exotic pets worldwide. For the purposes of this article, an exotic pet is considered to be a non-domesticated species, where there are knowledge gaps on good practice (minimum standards of care), veterinary diagnostics and treatments. The categories of exotic pets included in this study were: small mammals (< 20 kg), large mammals (> 20 kg), birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates. Dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, gerbils, guinea pigs, mice, rats, and ferrets were excluded from the study. An online survey of veterinary professionals conducted between July and August 2020 provides the first empirical data for Ireland. In this pilot study (the second in this thematic series) we aim to characterise the provision of veterinary services to exotic pets from the veterinary professionals' perspective, explore the main concerns of veterinary professionals towards exotic pet ownership, and their recommendations to support responsible exotic pet ownership.

Results: Using an online survey this pilot study gathered evidence from 63 veterinary professionals currently working in private practice in Ireland. The prevalence of veterinary services for exotic pets in Ireland was determined to be 82% of small and mixed animal clinics of respondents' practices ranging from 9.1 to 100% for different categories of exotic pets. The most common issues encountered in practice with exotic pets were related to nutrition, environment, and behaviour followed by clinical diseases such as respiratory, infectious, and gastrointestinal issues. The most common concerns veterinary professionals had with exotic pet ownership related to the lack of owner knowledge as well as the lack of veterinary knowledge and accessible resources. The most common strategic initiatives indicated by veterinary professionals included black or white lists (to prohibit and permit the keeping of exotic pet species respectively), licensing for owners and increased availability of CPD for veterinary professionals.

Conclusions: More than four in every five veterinary professionals in small or mixed animal practices surveyed were willing to treat exotic pets and in many cases they already were. A scaffold for best practice is required to support the health and welfare of exotic pets and responsible ownership. Keystones include veterinary education to support veterinary professionals with daily practice, establishing a white list of exotic species that are suitable as pets, registration at the point of purchase to enable traceability for biosecurity purposes and research to identify care standards to support the health and welfare of exotic pets.

背景:全世界对外来宠物的福利问题日益关注。在本文中,外来宠物被认为是非驯化物种,在这些物种中,有关良好操作(最低护理标准)、兽医诊断和治疗的知识存在空白。本研究中的外来宠物包括:小型哺乳动物(20 千克)、鸟类、爬行动物、两栖动物、鱼类和无脊椎动物。狗、猫、兔子、仓鼠、沙鼠、豚鼠、小鼠、大鼠和雪貂不在研究范围内。2020 年 7 月至 8 月期间对兽医专业人员进行的在线调查为爱尔兰提供了第一批经验数据。在这项试点研究(本专题系列的第二项研究)中,我们旨在从兽医专业人员的角度了解为外来宠物提供兽医服务的情况,探讨兽医专业人员对拥有外来宠物的主要关切,以及他们对支持负责任地拥有外来宠物的建议:这项试点研究通过在线调查收集了目前在爱尔兰私人诊所工作的 63 名兽医专业人员的证据。在爱尔兰,受访者所在的小动物和混合动物诊所中,为外来宠物提供兽医服务的比例为82%,不同种类的外来宠物的比例从9.1%到100%不等。外来宠物最常见的问题与营养、环境和行为有关,其次是临床疾病,如呼吸道、传染病和肠胃问题。兽医专业人员对饲养外来宠物最常见的担忧与主人缺乏知识以及兽医知识和可利用资源有关。兽医专业人员提出的最常见的战略举措包括黑名单或白名单(分别禁止和允许饲养外来宠物物种)、向宠物主人发放许可证以及为兽医专业人员提供更多的持续专业发展机会:在接受调查的小型或混合动物诊所中,每五位兽医专业人员中就有四位以上愿意治疗外来宠物,而且在许多情况下他们已经在这样做了。为支持外来宠物的健康和福利以及负责任的拥有,需要一个最佳实践的支架。基石包括兽医教育以支持兽医专业人员的日常实践,建立适合作为宠物的外来物种白名单,在购买时进行登记以实现生物安全目的的可追溯性,以及开展研究以确定支持外来宠物健康和福利的护理标准。
{"title":"Exotic pets in Ireland: 2. Provision of veterinary services and perspectives of veterinary professionals' on responsible ownership.","authors":"Matt Goins, Alison J Hanlon","doi":"10.1186/s13620-021-00191-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13620-021-00191-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There has been increasing concern expressed about the welfare of exotic pets worldwide. For the purposes of this article, an exotic pet is considered to be a non-domesticated species, where there are knowledge gaps on good practice (minimum standards of care), veterinary diagnostics and treatments. The categories of exotic pets included in this study were: small mammals (< 20 kg), large mammals (> 20 kg), birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates. Dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, gerbils, guinea pigs, mice, rats, and ferrets were excluded from the study. An online survey of veterinary professionals conducted between July and August 2020 provides the first empirical data for Ireland. In this pilot study (the second in this thematic series) we aim to characterise the provision of veterinary services to exotic pets from the veterinary professionals' perspective, explore the main concerns of veterinary professionals towards exotic pet ownership, and their recommendations to support responsible exotic pet ownership.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using an online survey this pilot study gathered evidence from 63 veterinary professionals currently working in private practice in Ireland. The prevalence of veterinary services for exotic pets in Ireland was determined to be 82% of small and mixed animal clinics of respondents' practices ranging from 9.1 to 100% for different categories of exotic pets. The most common issues encountered in practice with exotic pets were related to nutrition, environment, and behaviour followed by clinical diseases such as respiratory, infectious, and gastrointestinal issues. The most common concerns veterinary professionals had with exotic pet ownership related to the lack of owner knowledge as well as the lack of veterinary knowledge and accessible resources. The most common strategic initiatives indicated by veterinary professionals included black or white lists (to prohibit and permit the keeping of exotic pet species respectively), licensing for owners and increased availability of CPD for veterinary professionals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>More than four in every five veterinary professionals in small or mixed animal practices surveyed were willing to treat exotic pets and in many cases they already were. A scaffold for best practice is required to support the health and welfare of exotic pets and responsible ownership. Keystones include veterinary education to support veterinary professionals with daily practice, establishing a white list of exotic species that are suitable as pets, registration at the point of purchase to enable traceability for biosecurity purposes and research to identify care standards to support the health and welfare of exotic pets.</p>","PeriodicalId":54916,"journal":{"name":"Irish Veterinary Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8096126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38949005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why do Irish pig farmers use medications? Barriers for effective reduction of antimicrobials in Irish pig production. 为什么爱尔兰养猪户要用药?爱尔兰养猪生产中有效减少抗菌剂的障碍。
IF 2.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-021-00193-3
Alessia Diana, Sylvia Snijders, Alison Rieple, Laura Ann Boyle

Background: In addressing the threat of antimicrobial resistance, it is critical to understand the barriers to the uptake of strategies for the reduction of antimicrobial use (AMU) in the pig industry. In several EU countries, factors such as education level, habits and social pressures are recognised as affecting farmers' decision-making process in relation to AMU. However, there is a lack of information on the Irish scenario. The aim of this study was to investigate pig farmers' perspectives and their behaviour towards AMU to identify potential barriers to effectively reduce AMU in Irish pig production. We conducted face-to-face semi-structured interviews with 30 pig farmers, 5 pig veterinarians and 4 focus groups of pig farm personnel. We employed qualitative analyses to explore the objective of the study.

Results: Qualitative analysis revealed six convergent themes as potential barriers: perceptions about the need for AMU on farm, concept of animal welfare and associated management practices, legislation, culture, economics and standards of communication/type of advice-network. Overall, pig farmers believed that there is poor communication between stakeholders (i.e. farmers, vets and advisors) and a lack of reliable people to approach for advice. They considered themselves as operating responsibly in terms of AMU compared to their national and international colleagues and expressed the importance of a so-called 'Irish solution' to the problem of AMU because it was associated with what 'has always been done' and was therefore considered reliable and safe.

Conclusions: Barriers and challenges were in line with those identified in other EU countries highlighting similarities in behavioural and attitudinal patterns among pig farmers. Overall, farmers appeared to be more likely to rely on previous experiences or to wait for an imposed change (e.g. legislation) instead of taking personal action. Thus, considerable behavioural and attitudinal changes are needed to adopt a more responsible AMU in Irish pig production and to develop effective intervention strategies.

背景:在解决抗菌素耐药性的威胁时,了解在养猪业采取减少抗菌素使用(AMU)战略的障碍是至关重要的。在一些欧盟国家,教育水平、习惯和社会压力等因素被认为是影响农民与AMU相关的决策过程的因素。然而,缺乏关于爱尔兰情况的信息。本研究的目的是调查养猪户的观点和他们对AMU的行为,以确定有效减少爱尔兰养猪生产中AMU的潜在障碍。我们对30名养猪户、5名养猪兽医和4个养猪场人员焦点小组进行了面对面的半结构化访谈。我们采用定性分析来探讨研究的目的。结果:定性分析揭示了六个趋同的主题作为潜在障碍:对农场AMU需求的看法、动物福利概念和相关管理实践、立法、文化、经济和沟通标准/咨询网络类型。总体而言,养猪户认为利益相关者(即养猪户、兽医和顾问)之间的沟通不足,缺乏可靠的人来寻求建议。与国内和国际同行相比,他们认为自己在AMU方面是负责任的,并表达了所谓的“爱尔兰解决方案”对AMU问题的重要性,因为它与“一直在做”的事情有关,因此被认为是可靠和安全的。结论:障碍和挑战与其他欧盟国家所确定的一致,突出了养猪户行为和态度模式的相似性。总体而言,农民似乎更有可能依靠以前的经验或等待强加的变化(例如立法),而不是采取个人行动。因此,要在爱尔兰养猪生产中采用更负责任的AMU,并制定有效的干预策略,需要进行相当大的行为和态度改变。
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引用次数: 4
Effect of a single, oral administration of selenitetriglycerides, at two dose rates, on blood selenium status and haematological and biochemical parameters in Holstein-Friesian calves. 单次口服两种剂量率的硒酸甘油三酯对荷斯泰因-弗里西亚犊牛血硒状态及血液学和生化参数的影响
IF 2.9 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2021-04-23 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-021-00192-4
Katarzyna Żarczyńska, Przemysław Sobiech, Dawid Tobolski, John F Mee, Josef Illek

Background: Selenitetriglycerides are biologically active, organic forms of selenium formed as a result of the modification of selenic acid and sunflower oil. Studies in rats have shown that they are well absorbed and of low toxicity. There are no published studies on selenitetriglycerides supplementation in calves.

Results: In this study, selenitetriglycerides were administered once orally on the 2nd day of life at a dose of 0.5 or 1 mg Se/kg body weight to each of six Holstein-Friesian calves while six control calves were not supplemented. Blood for determination of selenium concentration, glutathione peroxidase activity, haematological parameters, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities and glucose, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine concentration was collected before supplementation (day 0) and 1, 2, 5, 10 and 14 days after supplementation. Selenitetriglycerides administration increased (P < 0.01) serum selenium concentration in supplemented calves as early as day1, from a mean of 63.4 to 184.22 µg/l in calves receiving selenium at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg BW, and from 63.17 to 200.33 µg/l in calves receiving 1 mg/kg. Serum selenium concentrations remained significantly higher compared to the control group throughout the experiment. Glutathione peroxidase activity was higher in supplemented than control calves, significantly so in animals receiving the 1 mg/kg dose of Se on the 10th and 14th days (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the haematological and biochemical parameters between the groups.

Conclusions: This experiment showed that supplementation with selenitetriglycerides could significantly improve blood selenium status in calves without adverse effects on haematological or biochemical parameters. These findings are essential prerequisites for future studies on selenitetriglycerides supplementation to manage clinical selenium deficiency in calves.

背景:硒酸甘油三酯具有生物活性,是硒酸和葵花籽油改性后形成的有机形式的硒。在老鼠身上进行的研究表明,它们吸收良好,毒性低。目前还没有发表关于犊牛补充硒酸甘油三酯的研究。结果:在本研究中,6头荷斯泰因-弗里西亚犊牛在出生后第2天口服一次硒酸甘油三酯,剂量为0.5或1 mg Se/kg体重,而6头对照犊牛不补充硒酸甘油三酯。在补充前(第0天)和补充后第1、2、5、10和14天采集血液,测定硒浓度、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性、血液学参数、天冬氨酸转氨酶、肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性以及葡萄糖、总蛋白、白蛋白、甘油三酯、胆固醇、尿素和肌酐浓度。结论:硒酸甘油三酯可显著改善犊牛血硒状态,且对血液生化指标无不良影响。这些发现是未来研究硒酸甘油三酯补充治疗犊牛临床硒缺乏症的必要前提。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Irish Veterinary Journal
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