Kant, who is one of the contractarian theorists in political philosophy, positions the person who has the right to vote and participates in the legislative process as a citizen. This positioning is directly related to Kant's attribution of citizenship to the independence precondition. For Kant, independence means that a person possesses a certain amount of ownership which enables him to sustain his life on his own. The person who owns a certain quantity of property is the master of himself as he will not receive orders from the others and will not need the protection of others. Positioning an independent person as an active citizen with political rights, Kant considers persons who are non-owners as passive citizens because they cannot meet the prerequisite for independence. Passive citizens who are deprived of all political rights are merely citizens of the state. According to Kant's argument, women can never move up to the active citizenship status, although the republic has cleared the way for the possibility that every member of the republic could eventually move up to the active citizenship status. The status of being man of property, which is a prerequisite for the independence criterion, loses all its functions when women are in question. Even if a woman is a property owner, this is still considered insufficient for the independence criterion. Kant bases this idea of him on the assumption of women's nature and the prenuptial agreement.
{"title":"Women as Passive Citizens in Kant's Theory of Citizenship","authors":"Serpil Durğun","doi":"10.33831/jws.v21i2.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v21i2.112","url":null,"abstract":"Kant, who is one of the contractarian theorists in political philosophy, positions the person who has the right to vote and participates in the legislative process as a citizen. This positioning is directly related to Kant's attribution of citizenship to the independence precondition. For Kant, independence means that a person possesses a certain amount of ownership which enables him to sustain his life on his own. The person who owns a certain quantity of property is the master of himself as he will not receive orders from the others and will not need the protection of others. Positioning an independent person as an active citizen with political rights, Kant considers persons who are non-owners as passive citizens because they cannot meet the prerequisite for independence. Passive citizens who are deprived of all political rights are merely citizens of the state. According to Kant's argument, women can never move up to the active citizenship status, although the republic has cleared the way for the possibility that every member of the republic could eventually move up to the active citizenship status. The status of being man of property, which is a prerequisite for the independence criterion, loses all its functions when women are in question. Even if a woman is a property owner, this is still considered insufficient for the independence criterion. Kant bases this idea of him on the assumption of women's nature and the prenuptial agreement. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":54936,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41979341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Fatma Aliye Hanim and Historiography Fatma Aliye (1862-1936) was a popular female author one of the first women authors of Turkish history, she was better known as a novelist. However, Fatma Aliye also published works on philosophy, Islam, women, poetry and history. Her historical works have been generally ignored and have not yet been analyzed.Two of her works are evidence of her worth as an historian. The first one published in 1331 (1912-1913) was titled Tarih-i Osmaninin Bir Devre-i Muhimmesi Kosova Zaferi-Ankara Hezimeti (An Important Era of Ottoman History: Kosovo VictoryAnkara Defeat) and the second one published in 1916 was Ahmed Cevdet Pasha ve Zamani (Ahmed Cevdet Pasha and his time). This article aims to analyse and evaluate Fatma Aliye’s history writing. In this respect, her use of local and foreign sources, her handling of historical events, her style and language and her approaches to historical events will be examined. The way Fatma Aliye-- probably the first Turkish female history writer-evaluated historical events from a woman’s perspective is also examined.
法特玛·阿利耶(1862-1936)是土耳其历史上最早的女作家之一，也是著名的小说家。然而，法特玛·阿利耶还出版了关于哲学、伊斯兰教、妇女、诗歌和历史的著作。她的历史著作普遍被忽视，尚未被分析。她的两部作品证明了她作为历史学家的价值。第一本出版于1331年(1912-1913)，书名为Tarih-i Osmaninin Bir Devre-i Muhimmesi Kosova Zaferi-Ankara Hezimeti(奥斯曼历史的重要时代:科索沃的胜利和卡拉的失败)，第二本出版于1916年，书名为Ahmed Cevdet Pasha ve Zamani (Ahmed Cevdet Pasha和他的时代)。本文旨在分析和评价法特玛·阿利耶的历史写作。在这方面，她对当地和外国资料的使用，她对历史事件的处理，她的风格和语言以及她对历史事件的处理方法将被审查。法蒂玛·阿利耶——可能是第一位土耳其女性历史作家——从女性的角度评价历史事件的方式也得到了检验。
{"title":"Fatma Aliye Hanım’ın Tarihçiliği","authors":"C. Kırpık","doi":"10.33831/jws.v21i1.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v21i1.160","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 \u0000Fatma Aliye Hanim and Historiography \u0000Fatma Aliye (1862-1936) was a popular female author one of the first women authors of Turkish history, she was better known as a novelist. However, Fatma Aliye also published works on philosophy, Islam, women, poetry and history. Her historical works have been generally ignored and have not yet been analyzed.Two of her works are evidence of her worth as an historian. The first one published in 1331 (1912-1913) was titled Tarih-i Osmaninin Bir Devre-i Muhimmesi Kosova Zaferi-Ankara Hezimeti (An Important Era of Ottoman History: Kosovo VictoryAnkara Defeat) and the second one published in 1916 was Ahmed Cevdet Pasha ve Zamani (Ahmed Cevdet Pasha and his time). \u0000This article aims to analyse and evaluate Fatma Aliye’s history writing. In this respect, her use of local and foreign sources, her handling of historical events, her style and language and her approaches to historical events will be examined. The way Fatma Aliye-- probably the first Turkish female history writer-evaluated historical events from a woman’s perspective is also examined.","PeriodicalId":54936,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"135-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44291876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Turkey hosts around 3.6 million Syrian migrants who fled Syria withthe start of thecivil war. While Syrian migrants face problems related to adjusting to a different society, their prolongedstay and uncertainty of their status makes them vulnerable to instances of xenophobia and hate crimes. Women, however, are at a double disadvantage. They have less opportunity to overcome the language barrier, get out of the domestic households, reach health services and employment opportunities, are vulnerable to instances of domestic violence, sexual abuse and exploitation. This paper aims to adopt a feminist perspective on International Relations by focusing on migration. Based on data collected through interviews with Syrian migrant women living in Kocaeli city, this study is aiming to find out how gender shapes the experiences of migrant women. The article will analyse how influential gender is in women’s decisions to leave the conflict zone, to settle in a different country, and their experiences in their new social environment.
{"title":"The Gender of Migration: A Study on the Syrian Migrant Women in Turkey","authors":"A. Kutlu","doi":"10.33831/jws.v21i1.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v21i1.65","url":null,"abstract":"Turkey hosts around 3.6 million Syrian migrants who fled Syria withthe start of thecivil war. While Syrian migrants face problems related to adjusting to a different society, their prolongedstay and uncertainty of their status makes them vulnerable to instances of xenophobia and hate crimes. Women, however, are at a double disadvantage. They have less opportunity to overcome the language barrier, get out of the domestic households, reach health services and employment opportunities, are vulnerable to instances of domestic violence, sexual abuse and exploitation. This paper aims to adopt a feminist perspective on International Relations by focusing on migration. Based on data collected through interviews with Syrian migrant women living in Kocaeli city, this study is aiming to find out how gender shapes the experiences of migrant women. The article will analyse how influential gender is in women’s decisions to leave the conflict zone, to settle in a different country, and their experiences in their new social environment.","PeriodicalId":54936,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"21-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47792540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research aims to identify and define the dimensions of sexual harassment that women are exposed to in the workplace and strategies to cope with harassment. In the research, in-depth interview" was used as qualitative research methods and semi-structured interview form was used as the data collection tool. The study was conducted with 498 women exposed to sexual abuse. The data were analyzed by NVIVO 10 qualitative analysis program. Considering the contents of sexual harassment, although there is a range of harassment forms, in a hierarchy of severity, these can be named as harassment through stalking, physical, verbal, and visual harassment. Women have difficulties in recognizing and identifying harassment in the workplace. In particular, it appears that they have entered into the process of concealing and neglecting with different definitions, which they have used to abuse the words "harassment" and "harasser". Guilt, weakness, humiliation, fear, anger, helplessness, not knowing what to do, denial are the emotions that arise after harassment. After harassment, women who are harassed remain silent due to fear of losing their jobs and receiving negative reactions. Women who are exposed to harassment are trying to protect themselves from harassment by the "self-restraint and avoidance" approach.
{"title":"Sexual Harmful in the Workplace","authors":"F. Fidan, Yeliz Yeşil","doi":"10.33831/jws.v21i1.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v21i1.111","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to identify and define the dimensions of sexual harassment that women are exposed to in the workplace and strategies to cope with harassment. In the research, in-depth interview\" was used as qualitative research methods and semi-structured interview form was used as the data collection tool. The study was conducted with 498 women exposed to sexual abuse. The data were analyzed by NVIVO 10 qualitative analysis program. Considering the contents of sexual harassment, although there is a range of harassment forms, in a hierarchy of severity, these can be named as harassment through stalking, physical, verbal, and visual harassment. Women have difficulties in recognizing and identifying harassment in the workplace. In particular, it appears that they have entered into the process of concealing and neglecting with different definitions, which they have used to abuse the words \"harassment\" and \"harasser\". Guilt, weakness, humiliation, fear, anger, helplessness, not knowing what to do, denial are the emotions that arise after harassment. After harassment, women who are harassed remain silent due to fear of losing their jobs and receiving negative reactions. Women who are exposed to harassment are trying to protect themselves from harassment by the \"self-restraint and avoidance\" approach.","PeriodicalId":54936,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"53-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48850233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The highest threat for intimate partner femicide (IPF) is previous history of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study estimates magnitude of women with an increased IPF risk in Turkey based on prevalence data of different forms of violence among specific high-risk groups from the Research on Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey (2014) and 2014 population size. Correspondingly, around 2 million 15-59-aged-women are currently exposed to IPV. Some 1 million women face concurrent threats of physical, sexual, emotional violence. 170 thousand women are threatened/attacked with lethal objects. Among divorced/separated women, almost 123 thousand severe violence survivors confront high-risk of femicide.
{"title":"Women in Danger of Femicide: Predicting Population at Risk of Femicide from Intimate Partner Violence Survivors in Turkey","authors":"Alanur Çavli̇n","doi":"10.33831/jws.v21i1.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v21i1.77","url":null,"abstract":"The highest threat for intimate partner femicide (IPF) is previous history of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study estimates magnitude of women with an increased IPF risk in Turkey based on prevalence data of different forms of violence among specific high-risk groups from the Research on Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey (2014) and 2014 population size. Correspondingly, around 2 million 15-59-aged-women are currently exposed to IPV. Some 1 million women face concurrent threats of physical, sexual, emotional violence. 170 thousand women are threatened/attacked with lethal objects. Among divorced/separated women, almost 123 thousand severe violence survivors confront high-risk of femicide.","PeriodicalId":54936,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43882285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hülya Şimga ve Gülriz Uygur’un editörlüğünü yaptığı bu kitap Türkiye'de üniversitelerin toplumsal cinsiyet araştırmaları merkezlerinin 2012 yılından beri senede iki kez “Üniversitelerde Cinsel Taciz ve Saldırıya Karşı Ne Yapılabilir?” sorusu altında düzenlediği CTS (Üniversitelerde Cinsel Taciz ve Saldırı) çalıştaylarının ürünlerinden biri olup 13 makaleden oluşmaktadır. CTS çalıştaylarının 8 yıllık tarihini ve çok daha fazlasını içeren bu kitap, üniversitelerdeki cinsel taciz ve saldırıya karşı toplumsal cinsiyet ve kadın araştırma merkezlerinin ve/veya CTS Birimlerinin bazen el ele, bazense yalnız verilen mücadeleyi ilk ağızdan bizlere aktarıyor.
这本书由Hülya Shimga和Gülriz维吾尔族出版，自2012年以来，土耳其各大学性骚扰和性侵犯研究中心每年在土耳其出版两次。来自文章。CTSçalıştaylarının 8 yıllık tarihini veçok daha fazlasınşiçeren bu kitap，üniversitelledki cinsel taciz ve saldırıya karşıtoplumsal cinsiyet ve kadın araştırma merkezlerinin ve/veya CTS Birimlerinin bazen el ele，bazense yalnız verilen mücadeleyi ilk ağzdan bizlere aktarıyor。
{"title":"Hülya Şimga & Gülriz Uygur (2018). Üniversitelerde Cinsel Taciz ve Saldırıyla Mücadele: CTS Çalışmaları. Mağusa: Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi Yayınevi. Sayfa sayısı:148 ISBN: 978-605-95-95-18-6","authors":"Bilcan Bladanli","doi":"10.33831/jws.v21i1.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v21i1.167","url":null,"abstract":"Hülya Şimga ve Gülriz Uygur’un editörlüğünü yaptığı bu kitap Türkiye'de üniversitelerin toplumsal cinsiyet araştırmaları merkezlerinin 2012 yılından beri senede iki kez “Üniversitelerde Cinsel Taciz ve Saldırıya Karşı Ne Yapılabilir?” sorusu altında düzenlediği CTS (Üniversitelerde Cinsel Taciz ve Saldırı) çalıştaylarının ürünlerinden biri olup 13 makaleden oluşmaktadır. CTS çalıştaylarının 8 yıllık tarihini ve çok daha fazlasını içeren bu kitap, üniversitelerdeki cinsel taciz ve saldırıya karşı toplumsal cinsiyet ve kadın araştırma merkezlerinin ve/veya CTS Birimlerinin bazen el ele, bazense yalnız verilen mücadeleyi ilk ağızdan bizlere aktarıyor.","PeriodicalId":54936,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"159-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47378738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This book is a product of collective experience and solidarity based on the struggle of different groups in order to prevent sexual harassment and assault at universities. Gender inequality, which exists in many areas, also manifests itself in universities that have hierarchical relationships. It is believed that this book will also be a guide for Women’s Studies Centers about the topic of sexual harassment and assault. Of the 187 universities in Turkey, there are 95 Women's Research Centres. It is very vital that these centers have a feminist perspective. Universities contributed with their own Sexual Harassment and Assault prevention experiences to the book are: Ankara University, Atilim University, Istanbul Bilgi University, Eastern Mediterranean University, Dokuz Eylul University, Istanbul Koc University, Mimar Sinan University, Middle East Technical University, Sabanci University and Van Yuzuncu Yil University. By sharing their experiences with other stakeholders, they emphasized the importance of SHA Network and intercollegiate dialogue and cooperation. It started with the question “What can be done against sexual harassment and assault at universities?” and thirteen workshops were held in six years in different universities. This book is an attempt to record and investigate exactly this process. Another point of this book is to talk about “the unspoken”. The problem of sexual harassment and assault occurs in almost every part of society but is "untouched" occurs on and off campus. Universities have the potential to transcend the people involved in achieving gender equality. In this book review, it is aimed to address the differences, similarities, gains and difficulties encountered in these experiences, each of which is very valuable.
{"title":"A Review of Network to Combat Sexual Harassment and Assault at Universities: SHA Studies Book edited by Gülriz Uygur- Hülya Şimga (Eastern Mediterrenean Univeristy: Eastern Mediterrenean University Press, 2018)","authors":"Tümel Sabancı","doi":"10.33831/jws.v21i1.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v21i1.165","url":null,"abstract":"This book is a product of collective experience and solidarity based on the struggle of different groups in order to prevent sexual harassment and assault at universities. Gender inequality, which exists in many areas, also manifests itself in universities that have hierarchical relationships. \u0000It is believed that this book will also be a guide for Women’s Studies Centers about the topic of sexual harassment and assault. Of the 187 universities in Turkey, there are 95 Women's Research Centres. It is very vital that these centers have a feminist perspective. Universities contributed with their own Sexual Harassment and Assault prevention experiences to the book are: Ankara University, Atilim University, Istanbul Bilgi University, Eastern Mediterranean University, Dokuz Eylul University, Istanbul Koc University, Mimar Sinan University, Middle East Technical University, Sabanci University and Van Yuzuncu Yil University. By sharing their experiences with other stakeholders, they emphasized the importance of SHA Network and intercollegiate dialogue and cooperation. It started with the question “What can be done against sexual harassment and assault at universities?” and thirteen workshops were held in six years in different universities. This book is an attempt to record and investigate exactly this process. \u0000Another point of this book is to talk about “the unspoken”. The problem of sexual harassment and assault occurs in almost every part of society but is \"untouched\" occurs on and off campus. Universities have the potential to transcend the people involved in achieving gender equality. In this book review, it is aimed to address the differences, similarities, gains and difficulties encountered in these experiences, each of which is very valuable.","PeriodicalId":54936,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"165-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49588689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Literatürde evli kadınların iş hayatında yaşadıkları zorluklara ilişkin çok sayıda çalışma mevcuttur. Ancak bekâr kadınların çalışma yaşamlarının perde arkasında evli ve çocuklu hemcinslerine yapılan ayrımcılık neticesinde yaşadıkları sorunlar gözardı edildiğinden araştırmanın sorunsalı bu şekilde belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yüzyüze görüşme tekniği ile yapılmasına karar verilmiş ve 40 bekâr çalışan kadınla görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan kadınların yaşları 25 ile 48 arasında değişmektedir. Katılımcılar hemşire, veteriner, mühendis, gazeteci, mağazacı, güvenlik, polis, bankacı, öğretmen gibi farklı meslek gruplarından seçilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular ise bekâr kadınların çalışma hayatlarındaki yoğunluktan dolayı iş yaşam dengelerinin olmadığı ve özellikle kadınlara uygulanan pozitif ayrımcılığın hemcinsler arasında eşit dağıtılmadığı nitekim evli ve çocuklu hemcinsleriyle yaptıkları karşılaştırmada çalışma koşullarının ağırlaştığı çünkü evli ve çocuklu çalışanların eşlerini ve çocuklarını bahane ederek kendilerine fırsat yarattıklarına ilişkin bulgulara rastlanmıştır. Bekâr çalışanlar evlilerin kendilerine ait hayatın sorumluluklarının yükünü almadıklarını yöneticilerin de bu duruma uyduklarını sonuç olarak kendilerinin mağdur edildiğini düşünmektedirler.
{"title":"İş Yaşamında Bekar Kadınların Sorunlarına İlişkin Nitel Bir Araştırma","authors":"Ebru Günlü Küçükaltan, Songül Gökhan, Ilgaz Feray Demirağ","doi":"10.33831/jws.v21i1.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v21i1.115","url":null,"abstract":"Literatürde evli kadınların iş hayatında yaşadıkları zorluklara ilişkin çok sayıda çalışma mevcuttur. Ancak bekâr kadınların çalışma yaşamlarının perde arkasında evli ve çocuklu hemcinslerine yapılan ayrımcılık neticesinde yaşadıkları sorunlar gözardı edildiğinden araştırmanın sorunsalı bu şekilde belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yüzyüze görüşme tekniği ile yapılmasına karar verilmiş ve 40 bekâr çalışan kadınla görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan kadınların yaşları 25 ile 48 arasında değişmektedir. Katılımcılar hemşire, veteriner, mühendis, gazeteci, mağazacı, güvenlik, polis, bankacı, öğretmen gibi farklı meslek gruplarından seçilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular ise bekâr kadınların çalışma hayatlarındaki yoğunluktan dolayı iş yaşam dengelerinin olmadığı ve özellikle kadınlara uygulanan pozitif ayrımcılığın hemcinsler arasında eşit dağıtılmadığı nitekim evli ve çocuklu hemcinsleriyle yaptıkları karşılaştırmada çalışma koşullarının ağırlaştığı çünkü evli ve çocuklu çalışanların eşlerini ve çocuklarını bahane ederek kendilerine fırsat yarattıklarına ilişkin bulgulara rastlanmıştır. Bekâr çalışanlar evlilerin kendilerine ait hayatın sorumluluklarının yükünü almadıklarını yöneticilerin de bu duruma uyduklarını sonuç olarak kendilerinin mağdur edildiğini düşünmektedirler.","PeriodicalId":54936,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"107-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45244267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Freudian psychoanalysis has long been a matter of debate among feminists, and usually criticized for biological determinism. While discussing the Freudian framework, feminists have also been discussing how to define a female subject and the age old “equality vs. difference” discussion. This study discusses critical feminist responses to Freud which demonstrate the intricacies of the “equality vs. difference” debate amongst different strands of feminist theory. This article analyses three diverse lines of argumentation regarding psychoanalysis and the equality vs. difference debate by focusing on the works of Luce Irigaray, Simone de Beauvoir and Juliet Mitchell. Beauvoir and Irigaray both criticize the Freudian approach for taking “the male” as the real, essential subject. However, whereas Beauvoir sides with an egalitarian feminism, Irigaray defends underlining the difference of female sexuality. Juliet Mitchell, on the other hand, defends Freudian psychoanalysis through the argument that psychoanalysis actually offers a way to understand how the unconscious carries the heritage of historical and social reality. Accordingly, what Freudian psychoanalysis does is to analyze, rather than to legitimize, the basis of the patriarchal order in the unconscious.
{"title":"Feminist Responses to Freud Through the “Equality vs. Difference” Debate","authors":"Feyda Sayan Cengiz","doi":"10.33831/jws.v21i1.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v21i1.96","url":null,"abstract":"Freudian psychoanalysis has long been a matter of debate among feminists, and usually criticized for biological determinism. While discussing the Freudian framework, feminists have also been discussing how to define a female subject and the age old “equality vs. difference” discussion. This study discusses critical feminist responses to Freud which demonstrate the intricacies of the “equality vs. difference” debate amongst different strands of feminist theory. This article analyses three diverse lines of argumentation regarding psychoanalysis and the equality vs. difference debate by focusing on the works of Luce Irigaray, Simone de Beauvoir and Juliet Mitchell. Beauvoir and Irigaray both criticize the Freudian approach for taking “the male” as the real, essential subject. However, whereas Beauvoir sides with an egalitarian feminism, Irigaray defends underlining the difference of female sexuality. Juliet Mitchell, on the other hand, defends Freudian psychoanalysis through the argument that psychoanalysis actually offers a way to understand how the unconscious carries the heritage of historical and social reality. Accordingly, what Freudian psychoanalysis does is to analyze, rather than to legitimize, the basis of the patriarchal order in the unconscious.","PeriodicalId":54936,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"39-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42742582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the framework of feminist political theory, the article examines the contribution of care ethics to conceptions of political subjectivity and active citizenship. Borrowing insights from the feminist political critique of the masculine bias in the modern theories of universal moral reasoning, the article underlines the role of care and situated perspectives in the theory and practice of citizenship, yet departs from maternalist perspectives that lean towards essentialism and individualist perspectives that depoliticize care. The article assesses the implications of care ethics on gendered perspectives on peace and environmental movements on normative and practical levels, and argues that a conception of an egalitarian, democratic and caring citizenship that does not reproduce patriarchal gender roles can be developed with the help of a practice based democracy and citizenship education.
{"title":"Özenli Vatandaşlık: Feminist Özen Etiğini Yeniden Politikleştirmek","authors":"Z. Goker","doi":"10.33831/jws.v21i1.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33831/jws.v21i1.142","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of feminist political theory, the article examines the contribution of care ethics to conceptions of political subjectivity and active citizenship. Borrowing insights from the feminist political critique of the masculine bias in the modern theories of universal moral reasoning, the article underlines the role of care and situated perspectives in the theory and practice of citizenship, yet departs from maternalist perspectives that lean towards essentialism and individualist perspectives that depoliticize care. The article assesses the implications of care ethics on gendered perspectives on peace and environmental movements on normative and practical levels, and argues that a conception of an egalitarian, democratic and caring citizenship that does not reproduce patriarchal gender roles can be developed with the help of a practice based democracy and citizenship education.","PeriodicalId":54936,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Web Services Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"89-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41680725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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