Kashica J. Webber-Ritchey, R. Taylor-Piliae, Kathleen Cinsel, L. Loescher
{"title":"Physical activity among African American parents of young children: Personal and environmental factors","authors":"Kashica J. Webber-Ritchey, R. Taylor-Piliae, Kathleen Cinsel, L. Loescher","doi":"10.7352/IJSP2015.46.523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP2015.46.523","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54940,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Psychology","volume":"7 1","pages":"523-544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71288172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. D. Cuyper, F. Boen, Charlotte Van Beirendonck, N. Vanbeselaere, K. Fransen
In order for a sports team to function optimally, it is essential to avoid motivational losses due to working in a group, also known as social loafing. Ideally, team members can even show an increase in individual effort because of working in a group, which is labeled social laboring. The present study investigated the impact of the leadership qualities of the team captain on social laboring in an elite cycling context. In addition, we examined the underlying process of this effect by focusing on team identification as mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and social laboring. Participants were 55 male cyclists at the highest competitive level of professional cycling. Structural Equation Modeling demonstrated that the more the captain was perceived as leading by example, the more teammates reported social laboring. This positive relationship was fully mediated by team identification. This finding supports the Social Identity Approach of Leadership, which proposes that social identification is the explanatory process through which contemporary leaders deliver their outcomes.
{"title":"When do elite cyclists go the extra mile? Team identification mediates the relationship between perceived leadership qualities of the captain and social laboring","authors":"B. D. Cuyper, F. Boen, Charlotte Van Beirendonck, N. Vanbeselaere, K. Fransen","doi":"10.7352/IJSP2016.47.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP2016.47.355","url":null,"abstract":"In order for a sports team to function optimally, it is essential to avoid motivational losses due to working in a group, also known as social loafing. Ideally, team members can even show an increase in individual effort because of working in a group, which is labeled social laboring. The present study investigated the impact of the leadership qualities of the team captain on social laboring in an elite cycling context. In addition, we examined the underlying process of this effect by focusing on team identification as mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and social laboring. Participants were 55 male cyclists at the highest competitive level of professional cycling. Structural Equation Modeling demonstrated that the more the captain was perceived as leading by example, the more teammates reported social laboring. This positive relationship was fully mediated by team identification. This finding supports the Social Identity Approach of Leadership, which proposes that social identification is the explanatory process through which contemporary leaders deliver their outcomes.","PeriodicalId":54940,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Psychology","volume":"47 1","pages":"355-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71288681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the current study was to investigate how performance accuracy on a soccer free-kick task affects perception of the distance between the ball and goal as well as the perception of kickability. It was hypothesized that action-specific biases in perception of environmental properties (i.e., distance) would be grounded in affordance perception (i.e., kickability). We used a modified staircase procedure in order to investigate the accuracy with which skilled soccer players were able to perceive whether freekick situations presented over a wide range of distances from goal were kickable or not. Participants were also required to estimate the distances of the free-kicks from goal using a perceptual-matching task. Results showed that distance perception was correlated with kicking performance, but only at the boundary of the participants' perceived kick capability. It was also found that perception of kickability was more strongly related to success in the free-kick task than distance perception per se. Results support the notion derived from Proffitt's (2006) account that action-specific effects on the perception of the environment properties are grounded in the perception of affordances.
{"title":"Action-specific effects on perception are grounded in affordance perception: An examination of soccer players' action choices in a free-kick task","authors":"G. Paterson, J. Kamp, E. Bressan, G. Savelsbergh","doi":"10.7352/IJSP2016.47.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP2016.47.318","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current study was to investigate how performance accuracy on a soccer free-kick task affects perception of the distance between the ball and goal as well as the perception of kickability. It was hypothesized that action-specific biases in perception of environmental properties (i.e., distance) would be grounded in affordance perception (i.e., kickability). We used a modified staircase procedure in order to investigate the accuracy with which skilled soccer players were able to perceive whether freekick situations presented over a wide range of distances from goal were kickable or not. Participants were also required to estimate the distances of the free-kicks from goal using a perceptual-matching task. Results showed that distance perception was correlated with kicking performance, but only at the boundary of the participants' perceived kick capability. It was also found that perception of kickability was more strongly related to success in the free-kick task than distance perception per se. Results support the notion derived from Proffitt's (2006) account that action-specific effects on the perception of the environment properties are grounded in the perception of affordances.","PeriodicalId":54940,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Psychology","volume":"37 1","pages":"318-334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71289054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People may endorse two conceptions of the nature of sport ability: an entity theory (sport ability is considered innate, stable, a gift, a talent) and an incremental theory (sport ability is improvable, linked to training and effort). Previous studies (e. g., Biddle et al., 2003) have used explicit methods to assess these beliefs. Using an implicit measure (ST-IAT, Single-Target Implicit Association Test) in order to overcome the social desirability which might be induced by self-reported measures, this study examined (1) whether automatic and implicit conceptions of sportsper-sons and non-sportspersons differed, and (2) the correlation between IAT score and explicit perceived competence in sport. The results showed that sportspersons automatically associated sport with training rather than talent, whereas non-sportsper-sons had an easier association between sport and talent. Even if sportspersons had higher perceived competence in sport than non-sportspersons, the IAT score was not related to perceived competence.
{"title":"Conceptions of sport ability and practice of sport: an implicit measure.","authors":"Nicolas Mascret, Jean-Louis Falconetti, F. Cury","doi":"10.7352/IJSP2016.47.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP2016.47.122","url":null,"abstract":"People may endorse two conceptions of the nature of sport ability: an entity theory (sport ability is considered innate, stable, a gift, a talent) and an incremental theory (sport ability is improvable, linked to training and effort). Previous studies (e. g., Biddle et al., 2003) have used explicit methods to assess these beliefs. Using an implicit measure (ST-IAT, Single-Target Implicit Association Test) in order to overcome the social desirability which might be induced by self-reported measures, this study examined (1) whether automatic and implicit conceptions of sportsper-sons and non-sportspersons differed, and (2) the correlation between IAT score and explicit perceived competence in sport. The results showed that sportspersons automatically associated sport with training rather than talent, whereas non-sportsper-sons had an easier association between sport and talent. Even if sportspersons had higher perceived competence in sport than non-sportspersons, the IAT score was not related to perceived competence.","PeriodicalId":54940,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Psychology","volume":"47 1","pages":"122-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71288034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Zurita-Ortega, Jose Ignacio Alvaro-Gonzalez, M. Castro-Sánchez, E. Knox, J. J. Muros, Virginia Viciana-Garófano
The present research sheds light on the importance of physical activity with regards to self-concept in Spanish adolescents and considers physical exercise, family and academic variables. An explanatory and relational study was conducted. A total of 2,134 teenagers aged between 15 and 18 years old participated in the study. A descriptive and relational analysis by means of the ANOVA Test was also undertaken. The results obtained are discussed here taking into account the relevant specialised literature. It was found that two thirds of the students sampled did exercise regularly, team sports being the most popular. These learners presented a high degree of self-concept, particularly for the social and family dimensions. It can also be concluded from this study that better physical condition and appearance are related to sport engagement, and that physical activity is related to improved self image and to fostering social and family relationships.
{"title":"The influence of exercise on adolescents self-concept.","authors":"F. Zurita-Ortega, Jose Ignacio Alvaro-Gonzalez, M. Castro-Sánchez, E. Knox, J. J. Muros, Virginia Viciana-Garófano","doi":"10.7352/IJSP","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP","url":null,"abstract":"The present research sheds light on the importance of physical activity with regards to self-concept in Spanish adolescents and considers physical exercise, family and academic variables. An explanatory and relational study was conducted. A total of 2,134 teenagers aged between 15 and 18 years old participated in the study. A descriptive and relational analysis by means of the ANOVA Test was also undertaken. The results obtained are discussed here taking into account the relevant specialised literature. It was found that two thirds of the students sampled did exercise regularly, team sports being the most popular. These learners presented a high degree of self-concept, particularly for the social and family dimensions. It can also be concluded from this study that better physical condition and appearance are related to sport engagement, and that physical activity is related to improved self image and to fostering social and family relationships.","PeriodicalId":54940,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Psychology","volume":"47 1","pages":"67-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71287159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.7352/IJSP.2016.47.013
M. Guicciardi, D. Fadda, L. Delitala
{"title":"A new multidimensional scale for measuring self-efficacy beliefs in volleyball","authors":"M. Guicciardi, D. Fadda, L. Delitala","doi":"10.7352/IJSP.2016.47.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP.2016.47.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54940,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Psychology","volume":"47 1","pages":"13-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71287561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A motivational model to understand youth sport dropout and enjoyment","authors":"L. Gardner, S. Vella, C. Magee","doi":"10.7352/IJSP2016.47.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP2016.47.203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54940,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Psychology","volume":"47 1","pages":"203-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71288343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.7352/IJSP.2015.46.631
Melissa J. Hopwood, C. MacMahon, D. Farrow, Joseph Baker
{"title":"Is practice the only determinant of sporting expertise? Revisiting Starkes (2000)","authors":"Melissa J. Hopwood, C. MacMahon, D. Farrow, Joseph Baker","doi":"10.7352/IJSP.2015.46.631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP.2015.46.631","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54940,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Psychology","volume":"47 1","pages":"631-651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71287655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-01DOI: 10.7352/IJSP.2015.46.587
M. Dicks, J. Kamp, R. Withagen, J. Koedijker
In their 1994 publication, Starkes and Lindley considered whether perceptual skill could be trained through the observation of video simulations of sport situations. We return to this topic 20 years later and provide a critical review of the subsequent research on perceptual learning in sport. We reflect on the implications from recent empirical evidence, which indicates that perceptual expertise in sport is best captured using experimental methods that allow participants to perceive and act (i.e., produce an interceptive action) against an opponent in real-time. Despite the pertinent implications that these findings have for the training of perceptual skill, until now, a review has not been forthcoming. Specifically, we consider the implications of an ecological approach to perceptual learning for training interventions in sport. We provide a critical review of current literature, before focussing on an ecological theory of learning as a framework for our perspective. We then overview two contemporary topics in ecological psychology - continuum of contact and between-participant variability in perception-action - before considering the implications of our perspective for future research.
{"title":"Can we hasten expertise by video simulations? Considerations from an ecological psychology perspective","authors":"M. Dicks, J. Kamp, R. Withagen, J. Koedijker","doi":"10.7352/IJSP.2015.46.587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP.2015.46.587","url":null,"abstract":"In their 1994 publication, Starkes and Lindley considered whether perceptual skill could be trained through the observation of video simulations of sport situations. We return to this topic 20 years later and provide a critical review of the subsequent research on perceptual learning in sport. We reflect on the implications from recent empirical evidence, which indicates that perceptual expertise in sport is best captured using experimental methods that allow participants to perceive and act (i.e., produce an interceptive action) against an opponent in real-time. Despite the pertinent implications that these findings have for the training of perceptual skill, until now, a review has not been forthcoming. Specifically, we consider the implications of an ecological approach to perceptual learning for training interventions in sport. We provide a critical review of current literature, before focussing on an ecological theory of learning as a framework for our perspective. We then overview two contemporary topics in ecological psychology - continuum of contact and between-participant variability in perception-action - before considering the implications of our perspective for future research.","PeriodicalId":54940,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Psychology","volume":"15 1","pages":"587-607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71287520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-01DOI: 10.7352/IJSP.2015.46.409
Ellinor Klockare, H. Gustafsson, P. Davis, C. Lundqvist
Research has highlighted flotation-REST as a promising method for relaxation and performance enhancement in sport; however, to further evaluate the use of flotation-REST in an athletic environment, ...
{"title":"Track and field athletes’ experiences and perceived effects of flotation-REST : An interpretative phenomenological analysis","authors":"Ellinor Klockare, H. Gustafsson, P. Davis, C. Lundqvist","doi":"10.7352/IJSP.2015.46.409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP.2015.46.409","url":null,"abstract":"Research has highlighted flotation-REST as a promising method for relaxation and performance enhancement in sport; however, to further evaluate the use of flotation-REST in an athletic environment, ...","PeriodicalId":54940,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sport Psychology","volume":"46 1","pages":"409-428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71287328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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