International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences最新文献_第3页

A coupled displacement-pressure model for elastic waves induce fluid flow in mature sandstone reservoirs 成熟砂岩储层中弹性波诱导流体流动的位移-压力耦合模型

IF 7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105928

Elastic (seismic) wave stimulation is considered one of the unconventional enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. Increasing water quantity in the high permeability layer of a mature oil reservoir is highly challenging and can significantly decrease the ultimate recovery due to the reservoir heterogeneity. Using seismic waves can be considered low-cost, environmentally friendly, and illuminates the entire reservoir size compared to conventional EOR methods. A numerical model is developed by extending the Quintal approach for seismic attenuation due to wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) to incorporate capillary pressure in partially saturated porous media and shift undrained boundary conditions to exclude external flow stress for drained boundary conditions. Therefore, the fluid distribution due to the capillary effect makes the developed finite element method (FEM) u-p model more widely applicable for oil recovery in mature reservoirs. A two-layer partially saturated media was subjected to compressive seismic stress at low frequency (3 Hz). The results indicated that the vertical displacement gradients of the bottom and upper layers decline with excitation time for both fully and partially saturated media. On the other hand, partially saturated pore pressure gradients of both the upper and bottom layers have higher amplitudes with excitation time than fully saturated pore pressure gradients due to the influence of capillar pressure. The cumulative crossflow oil volume for 180 days of continuous stimulation was 1176 bbl, 1032 bbl, and 648 bbl in low permeability layers: 200 md, 100 md, and 50 md, respectively. Therefore, the developed model has the potential for field-scale EOR applications. The study also suggests coupling elastic EOR with CO₂ flooding to recover more oil due to increasing fluid mobility and relative permeability to oil in low-permeability reservoirs or tight formations.

弹性（地震）波刺激被认为是非常规提高石油采收率（EOR）的方法之一。在成熟油藏的高渗透层中增加水量极具挑战性，而且由于油藏的异质性，最终采收率会显著降低。与传统的 EOR 方法相比，使用地震波可以说是低成本、环保的，而且可以照亮整个储层。通过扩展波诱导流体流动（WIFF）引起的地震衰减的 Quintal 方法，建立了一个数值模型，将部分饱和多孔介质中的毛细管压力纳入其中，并改变了排水边界条件，排除了排水边界条件中的外部流动应力。因此，毛细管效应导致的流体分布使得所开发的有限元法（FEM）u-p 模型更广泛地适用于成熟油藏的采油。对双层部分饱和介质施加低频（3 Hz）压缩地震应力。结果表明，无论是完全饱和还是部分饱和介质，底层和上层的垂直位移梯度都随着激励时间的延长而减小。另一方面，由于毛细管压力的影响，上层和底层的部分饱和孔隙压力梯度随激励时间的变化幅度比完全饱和孔隙压力梯度大。在 200 md、100 md 和 50 md 的低渗透层中，连续激励 180 天的累计横流油量分别为 1176 桶、1032 桶和 648 桶。因此，所开发的模型具有现场规模 EOR 应用的潜力。研究还建议将弹性 EOR 与二氧化碳淹没耦合，以在低渗透储层或致密地层中提高流体流动性和石油相对渗透性，从而开采出更多的石油。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical properties of shale during pyrolysis: Atomic force microscopy and nano-indentation study 热解过程中页岩的机械特性：原子力显微镜和纳米压痕研究

IF 7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105929

Quantitative characterization of the geo-mechanical properties of shale and organic matter (OM) holds paramount significance in the assessment of shale gas reserves and the design of hydraulic fracturing. However, the mechanical evolution processes during shale hydrocarbon generation and its influencing factors have received limited attention. This study examines the changes in shale mechanical properties during pyrolysis at high temperatures (415–600 °C) and high pressure (50–125 MPa) for mature to over-mature stages. The nanoindentation and in-situ AFM-QNM analysis are utilized to characterize the changes in mechanical properties during evolution. Subsequently, gas adsorption, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and laser Raman spectroscopy (Raman) are used to investigate the factors influencing the mechanical properties of shale and the associated OM, and establish a model for the evolution of the mechanical properties. The results demonstrate that with increasing maturity, the overall Young's modulus of the bulk shale gradually increases from 42.8 GPa to 58.4 GPa for the temperature increment from 415 °C to 600 °C. During the thermal maturation process, the mesopore structure and quartz content of the shale significantly influence its mechanical properties. Young's modulus of OM shows an S-shaped trend, with variations in the micromechanical properties of OM corresponding to stages of hydrocarbon generation. In particular, two peaks of Young's modulus increase are observed during the mature and over-mature stages. In the mature stage, the aromatization of the kerogen leads to substantial detachment of aliphatic side chains and oxygenated functional groups, resulting in a higher degree of aromatization. This reduces the kerogen spacing and consequently increases the Young's modulus. In the over-matured stage, the process of aromatics condensation leads to the orientation and arrangement of aromatic rings, reducing the number of key site vacancies and crystal defects, thereby forming large aromatic clusters and significantly increasing the graphite-like structure. This study will facilitate the analysis of shale matrix deformation mechanisms at the microscale, providing a fundamental theoretical and scientific basis for shale fracturing design, exploration, and development.

页岩和有机物（OM）地质力学特性的定量表征对于评估页岩气储量和水力压裂设计具有重要意义。然而，页岩碳氢化合物生成过程中的力学演变过程及其影响因素受到的关注有限。本研究探讨了页岩在高温（415-600 °C）高压（50-125 兆帕）热解过程中，从成熟到过成熟阶段的力学性能变化。利用纳米压痕和原位原子力显微镜-QNM 分析来表征演变过程中力学性能的变化。随后，利用气体吸附、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和激光拉曼光谱（Raman）研究了影响页岩力学性能和相关 OM 的因素，并建立了力学性能演变模型。结果表明，随着成熟度的增加，温度从 415 °C 增加到 600 °C 时，块状页岩的整体杨氏模量从 42.8 GPa 逐渐增加到 58.4 GPa。在热成熟过程中，页岩的中孔结构和石英含量对其力学性能有很大影响。OM 的杨氏模量呈现出 S 型趋势，OM 的微观力学性能变化与碳氢化合物的生成阶段相对应。特别是，在成熟阶段和过度成熟阶段观察到两个杨氏模量增加的峰值。在成熟阶段，角质层的芳香化导致脂肪族侧链和含氧官能团大量脱落，导致芳香化程度更高。这就减少了角质层间距，从而增加了杨氏模量。在过成熟阶段，芳香族缩合过程会导致芳香环的取向和排列，减少关键位点空位和晶体缺陷的数量，从而形成大型芳香族簇，显著增加类石墨结构。这项研究将有助于在微观尺度上分析页岩基质变形机理，为页岩压裂设计、勘探和开发提供基础理论和科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature and pressure effects on the mechanical behavior of porous carbonates saturated by viscous fluids 温度和压力对粘性流体饱和多孔碳酸盐力学行为的影响

IF 7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105938

Pressure, temperature, and infilling fluids influence the petrophysical properties and the associated damaging processes of rocks at all scales and at all depths. Moreover, each fluid-rock system possesses peculiar mechanical behavior, being this particularly complex in carbonate rocks. We focus on an outcropping carbonate-bearing reservoir (Majella, Central Italy), that represents a very good analogue for buried reservoirs. We performed hydrostatic and triaxial deformation tests up to a temperature of 100 °C and a confining pressure up to 100 MPa on both clean and naturally hydrocarbon-filled samples. Results show increasing seismic velocity and Young's modulus with increasing confining pressures for both clean and saturated samples. However, different results are observed when the temperature is increased. At low temperatures, saturated samples show larger seismic velocity and rigidity with respect to clean samples due to the solid state of the hydrocarbon at ambient conditions, whilst at higher temperatures the opposite occurs. When temperature is raised up to 100 °C the Young's modulus of the saturated samples decreases by ∼25 %, being coupled by a volume reduction of ∼1 cm³ even during hydrostatic tests (no differential stress applied). Accordingly, microstructural observations highlight crackle breccia and grain crushing microstructures with a large number (more than 30/100 μm) of randomly distributed cracks in saturated samples after both hydrostatic and triaxial tests. On the contrary, tested clean samples are characterized by few microfractures (less than 1/μm), pointing out the primary role played by melting hydrocarbons. Thus, the presence of melted hydrocarbons weakens the rock promoting fracturing, whilst at lower temperature the presence of solid hydrocarbons increases the mechanical properties of hydrocarbon-bearing rock. These observations have a large impact on the risk related to mining or porous carbonate reservoirs depletion and for understanding microscale to mesoscale mechanisms of deformation and viscous fluids movement along rock volumes.

压力、温度和充填流体对岩石的岩石物理特性和相关的破坏过程产生影响，其范围和深度不一而足。此外，每种流体-岩石系统都具有独特的力学行为，在碳酸盐岩中尤为复杂。我们重点研究了一个露头碳酸盐岩储层（意大利中部的马耶拉），它是埋藏储层的一个很好的模拟对象。我们对清洁样本和天然碳氢化合物充填样本进行了水压和三轴变形测试，温度最高达 100 °C，约束压力最高达 100 兆帕。结果表明，清洁样本和饱和样本的地震速度和杨氏模量都随着封闭压力的增加而增加。然而，当温度升高时，观察到的结果却不同。在低温条件下，由于碳氢化合物在环境条件下呈固态，饱和样品的地震速度和刚度比清洁样品大，而在高温条件下则相反。当温度升高到 100 °C 时，饱和样品的杨氏模量下降了 25%，同时体积也缩小了 1 cm3，即使在水压试验中也是如此（没有施加差应力）。因此，微观结构观察结果表明，在水压试验和三轴试验后的饱和样品中，存在大量（超过 30/100 μm）随机分布的裂纹，并出现裂纹角砾岩和晶粒破碎微观结构。相反，经过测试的清洁样品则只有很少的微裂缝（小于 1/μm），这说明碳氢化合物的熔化起了主要作用。因此，熔融碳氢化合物的存在会削弱岩石，促进断裂，而在较低温度下，固态碳氢化合物的存在会增加含碳氢化合物岩石的机械性能。这些观察结果对采矿或多孔碳酸盐岩储层枯竭的相关风险有很大影响，也有助于了解岩石体积变形和粘性流体运动的微观到中观机制。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the deformation modulus at representative elementary volume using electrical resistivity tomography 利用电阻率断层扫描评估代表性基本体积的变形模量

IF 7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105935

The deformation modulus of rock mass is an essential parameter for evaluating the bearing capacity and deformations. A deformation modulus obtained through conventional approaches, including empirical equations and in situ tests, cannot present the deformation modulus at representative elementary volume (D_REV) due to limited test coverage and technical difficulties in harsh geological or topographic conditions. This study utilized electrical resistivity (ER) tomography and numerical back-analysis to investigate D_REV at the Asmari-Jahrum formation. We employed geoelectrical contrasts to detect proper locations for installing extensometers at excavated galleries. The deformations recorded by extensometer were used to back-calculate the D_REV values by finite difference numerical modeling. We established a correlation between ER and D_REV to predict D_REV, which were 30–80 % more accurate than those obtained through conventional approaches at the study site. The tested area, anisotropy, creep, ER inaccuracies, and plastic deformations are evaluated as statistically significant factors that can influence D_REV. Our methodology provides a systematical approach to assess D_REV, which applies to geoengineering projects within the Asmari-Jahrum formation or similar sedimentary units (ER below 200 Ω⸱m). This methodology is also replicable for other geological formations with harsh geology or limited access without exposing an extreme financial burden or environmental issues.

岩体的变形模量是评估承载能力和变形的重要参数。由于测试范围有限以及在恶劣地质或地形条件下的技术困难，通过经验方程和现场测试等传统方法获得的变形模量无法显示代表性基本体积（DREV）的变形模量。本研究利用电阻率（ER）层析成像和数值反分析来研究 Asmari-Jahrum 地层的 DREV。我们利用地质电对比来探测在挖掘巷道安装伸长计的适当位置。通过有限差分数值建模，利用伸长计记录的变形反算 DREV 值。我们在ER和DREV之间建立了相关性，从而预测了DREV，其精确度比在研究地点通过传统方法获得的精确度高出30-80%。测试区域、各向异性、蠕变、ER 不准确性和塑性变形被评估为影响 DREV 的重要统计因素。我们的方法提供了一种系统的方法来评估 DREV，适用于 Asmari-Jahrum 地层或类似沉积单元（ER 低于 200 Ω⸱m）内的地质工程项目。这种方法也可用于地质条件恶劣或交通不便的其他地质构造，而不会造成极大的财政负担或环境问题。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical study on the shear behaviour of standard JRC double-joint rock masses 标准 JRC 双层岩块剪切行为的实验和数值研究

IF 7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105930

The shear resistance of multi-joint rock masses significantly affects the stability of underground engineering structures. In this work, using 3D printing technology, rock-like samples containing two joints with varying joint spacings and roughness values are prepared and subjected to direct shear tests under different normal stress conditions. The results demonstrate that the shear stress-shear displacement curve is influenced by the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) and normal stress. Peak shear stress increases with increasing JRC and normal stress but decreases with increasing joint spacing. Increases in JRC and normal stress increase the shear stress softening. The primary failure mode of the double-joint samples involves rock interlayer fracturing, the joint spacing has a smaller impact on shear failure mode than the JRC and normal stress. The shear failure behaviour and microcracking mechanism of a double-joint sample are revealed based on the developed cohesive zone model (CZM) method. Numerical tests revealed that the number of cracks in the double-joint model increases with increasing JRC and normal stress but decreases with increasing joint spacing. The model results in significantly more tensile cracks than shear cracks, tensile cracks are predominantly located in the rock interlayer of the double-joint model, whereas shear cracks are concentrated near the joint surfaces. This study explores the shear mechanical characteristics and microdamage behaviour of double-joint rock masses and offers foundational insights into the shear failure mechanisms of complex multi-joint rock masses.

多节理岩体的抗剪性能对地下工程结构的稳定性有重大影响。在这项工作中，利用三维打印技术制备了包含两个节理的岩石样品，这些节理的间距和粗糙度值各不相同，并在不同的法向应力条件下进行了直接剪切试验。结果表明，剪切应力-剪切位移曲线受接缝粗糙度系数（JRC）和法向应力的影响。峰值剪应力随 JRC 和法向应力的增加而增加，但随接头间距的增加而减小。JRC 和法向应力的增加会加剧剪应力软化。双接头样本的主要破坏模式是岩石层间断裂，接头间距对剪切破坏模式的影响小于 JRC 和法向应力。根据开发的粘聚区模型（CZM）方法，揭示了双节理样品的剪切破坏行为和微裂缝机理。数值测试表明，双连接模型中的裂缝数量随 JRC 和法向应力的增加而增加，但随连接间距的增加而减少。该模型产生的拉伸裂缝明显多于剪切裂缝，拉伸裂缝主要位于双节理模型的岩石夹层中，而剪切裂缝则集中在节理表面附近。这项研究探讨了双节理岩体的剪切力学特征和微破坏行为，为复杂多节理岩体的剪切破坏机制提供了基础性见解。

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引用次数: 0

Hard rock fragmentation by dynamic conical pick indentation under confining pressure 在约束压力下通过动态锥形镐压痕破碎硬岩

IF 7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105932

Mechanical mining and excavation in deep metal mines can be regarded as the process of crushing hard rock by conical pick indentation. In this study, a confining pressure loading device was designed and used to carry out dynamic conical pick indentation crushing tests under confining pressure conditions on three types of granite with varying strengths, using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). The objective was to quantitatively investigate the effect of confining pressure and rock strength on the indentation crushing characteristics of deep hard rocks. The results indicate that as the confining pressure increases from 5 MPa to 20 MPa, the dimensional parameters such as volume, diameter and depth of the impact groove decrease linearly, while parameters such as the specific energy, indentation force, indentation index and energy utilization rate progressively increase. The increase in the confining pressure inhibits the formation of internal cracks in the rock, enhancing its resistance to pick indentation, which in turn makes rock fragmentation more difficult. This creates unfavorable conditions for efficient rock breaking. Furthermore, rock strength plays a crucial role in the pick indentation process. The higher the rock strength, the greater its resistance to pick indentation, leading to increased energy consumption, accelerated wear of the conical picks, and reduced efficiency in rock breaking.

深部金属矿山的机械采矿和挖掘可视为通过锥形镐压痕破碎坚硬岩石的过程。本研究设计了一种封闭压力加载装置，并利用分体式霍普金森压力棒（SHPB）对三种不同强度的花岗岩进行了封闭压力条件下的动态锥形镐压痕破碎试验。目的是定量研究封闭压力和岩石强度对深层硬岩压痕破碎特性的影响。结果表明，随着约束压力从 5 兆帕增加到 20 兆帕，冲击槽的体积、直径和深度等尺寸参数呈线性下降，而比能、压痕力、压痕指数和能量利用率等参数则逐渐增加。约束压力的增加抑制了岩石内部裂缝的形成，增强了岩石对镐压痕的抵抗力，这反过来又增加了岩石破碎的难度。这就为高效破岩创造了不利条件。此外，岩石强度在镐头压入过程中起着至关重要的作用。岩石强度越高，对镐头压入的阻力就越大，从而导致能耗增加、锥形镐头磨损加快、破岩效率降低。

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引用次数: 0

Changes in the nanomechanical properties of the constituent minerals in the ductile fauske marble and the brittle kuru granite during progressive failure 韧性福斯克大理石和脆性库鲁花岗岩在渐进破坏过程中组成矿物的纳米力学特性变化

IF 7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105853

The nanoscale elastic moduli and hardness of the constituent minerals of the Class II Kuru granite and the Class I Fauske marble were experimentally investigated. The aims were to correlate the microcrack patterns with the nanomechanical properties of the minerals, and to help understand the important roles of the nanomechanical properties of the minerals in brittle and ductile behaviors. Cylindrical rock specimens were uniaxially loaded to various stress levels in both the pre- and post-peak stages. The specimens were then unloaded to zero, and two thin sections –– one parallel with and the other perpendicular to the loading direction –– were prepared from each specimen. Nano-indentation tests were conducted on the thin sections to measure the elastic moduli and hardness of the major constituent minerals in the rocks. The test results showed that both the elastic moduli and hardness of the minerals abruptly decreased when the applied stress was above 80 % of the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock in the pre-peak stage and also in the entire post-peak stage. At the same time, the values of the two properties became more scattered with increasing damage to the minerals. The number of intragranular cracks was significantly less in the harder quartz and microcline than in the softer calcite. The abundant intragranular cracks in the calcite dissipated most of the strain energy in the Class I marble, such that the rock was not burstable after failure. A small number of intragranular cracks were created in the quartz and microcline in the Class II granite, such that most of the strain energy in the minerals was released to eject rock after failure. Intragranular cracking is thus a key factor in determining whether a rock is burst-prone or not.

实验研究了二级库鲁花岗岩和一级法斯克大理石组成矿物的纳米级弹性模量和硬度。目的是将微裂纹模式与矿物的纳米力学性能联系起来，帮助理解矿物的纳米力学性能在脆性和韧性行为中的重要作用。圆柱形岩石试样在峰值前和峰值后阶段均受到不同应力水平的单轴加载。然后将试样卸载至零，从每个试样上制备两个薄片--一个平行于加载方向，另一个垂直于加载方向。对薄片进行纳米压痕测试，以测量岩石中主要成分矿物的弹性模量和硬度。测试结果表明，当施加的应力超过岩石单轴抗压强度的 80% 时，岩石的弹性模量和硬度都会突然下降。同时，这两种属性的值随着矿物受损程度的增加而变得更加分散。较硬的石英和微晶石的粒内裂缝数量明显少于较软的方解石。方解石中大量的粒内裂缝耗散了 I 级大理石中的大部分应变能，因此岩石在破坏后不会爆裂。二级花岗岩中的石英和微晶石中产生了少量粒内裂缝，因此矿物中的大部分应变能都被释放出来，使岩石在破坏后喷出。因此，晶内裂缝是决定岩石是否易爆的关键因素。

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引用次数: 0

A multi-step calibration strategy for reliable parameter determination of salt rock mechanics constitutive models 可靠确定盐岩力学组成模型参数的多步骤校准策略

IF 7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105922

The storage of renewable hydrogen in salt caverns requires fast injection and production rates to cope with the imbalance between energy production and consumption. This raises concerns about the mechanical stability of salt caverns under such operational conditions. The use of appropriate constitutive models for salt mechanics is an important step in investigating this issue, therefore many constitutive models with several parameters have been presented in the literature. However, a robust calibration strategy to reliably determine which model and parameter set represents the given rock, based on stress–strain data sets, remains an unsolved challenge. In this paper, for the first time in the community, we present a multi-step strategy to determine a single parameter set based on many deformation data sets for salt rocks. Towards this end, we first develop a comprehensive constitutive model able to capture all relevant nonlinear deformation physics of transient, reverse, and steady-state creep. The determination of the single set of representative material parameters is then achieved by framing the calibration process as an optimization problem, for which the global Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is employed. To allow for dynamic data integration, a multi-step calibration strategy is developed for a situation where experiments are included one at a time, as they become available. Additionally, due to the existing mild heterogeneity in the experimental rock samples, our optimization strategy is made flexible to allow for this slight heterogeneity. The devised optimization strategy, based on the multi-physics comprehensive constitutive modeling framework, results in a single set of representative material properties of all the deformation data sets. As a rigorous mathematical analysis for the presented method and the lack of relevant experimental data sets, we consider a wide range of synthetic experimental data sets, inspired by the existing sparse relevant data in the literature. The results of our performance analyses show that the proposed calibration strategy is robust. Moreover, the results become increasingly more accurate as more data sets become available.

在盐洞中储存可再生氢需要快速注入和生产，以应对能源生产和消费之间的不平衡。这就引起了人们对盐洞在这种运行条件下的机械稳定性的关注。使用适当的盐力学构成模型是研究这一问题的重要一步，因此文献中提出了许多具有多个参数的构成模型。然而，如何根据应力应变数据集可靠地确定哪个模型和参数集代表给定的岩石，仍然是一个尚未解决的难题。在本文中，我们首次提出了一种多步骤策略，可根据盐岩的多个变形数据集确定单一参数集。为此，我们首先开发了一个全面的构成模型，能够捕捉瞬态、反向和稳态蠕变的所有相关非线性变形物理特性。然后，将校准过程作为一个优化问题，采用全局粒子群优化算法来确定单组代表性材料参数。为了实现动态数据集成，我们开发了一种多步骤校准策略，以便在实验可用时一次纳入一个实验。此外，由于实验岩石样本中存在轻微的异质性，我们的优化策略也变得灵活，以适应这种轻微的异质性。所设计的优化策略基于多物理场综合结构建模框架，可为所有变形数据集提供一套具有代表性的材料属性。为了对所提出的方法进行严格的数学分析，并解决缺乏相关实验数据集的问题，我们从文献中现有的稀疏相关数据中汲取灵感，考虑了一系列合成实验数据集。我们的性能分析结果表明，所提出的校准策略是稳健的。此外，随着可用数据集的增多，结果也越来越精确。

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引用次数: 0

Fault slip behaviors and frictional stability controlled by particle size of fault gouge under fluid injection 注入流体条件下由断层破碎带粒径控制的断层滑移行为和摩擦稳定性

IF 7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105919

Understanding the control mechanism of fault rock particle size in fluid-induced fault slip and rupture processes is crucial for mitigating the seismic risks associated with large-scale fluid injection. Here, we conducted laboratory experiments to present the effects of fault rock particle size on slip behavior, friction, and slip modes under fluid injection. Our results demonstrate that the particle size of the gouge controls the initiation of fault slip events and that the fluid pressure required for the initial fault slip is negatively correlated with the rock particle size. The increase in rock particle size can weaken the faults and induce the transition of the fault slip mode from creep to slow stick-slip events, which leads to the occurrence of seismic events. These results reveal the particle size of fault gouge exerts a potentially dominant control on the slip behavior, slip modes, and frictional characteristics of faults under fluid injection, providing crucial insights into fault slip and seismic events.

了解断层岩粒度在流体诱发断层滑移和破裂过程中的控制机制对于降低大规模流体注入带来的地震风险至关重要。在此，我们进行了实验室实验，以展示在流体注入情况下，断层岩颗粒大小对滑动行为、摩擦力和滑动模式的影响。我们的结果表明，冲沟的颗粒大小控制着断层滑动事件的发生，而初始断层滑动所需的流体压力与岩石颗粒大小呈负相关。岩石颗粒尺寸的增加会削弱断层，诱发断层滑动模式从蠕变到缓慢粘滑事件的转变，从而导致地震事件的发生。这些结果揭示了断层破碎带的粒度对注入流体作用下断层的滑移行为、滑移模式和摩擦特性具有潜在的主导控制作用，为研究断层滑移和地震事件提供了重要依据。

引用次数: 0

Difference in rock-breaking characteristics between water-coupling blasting and air-coupling blasting 水耦合爆破与空气耦合爆破的破岩特性差异

IF 7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105924

The water-coupling blasting (WCB) technology has received widespread attention due to its advantages of high efficiency and environmental protection. However, the parameters of WCB in practical engineering are generally determined based on the experience and standards of air-coupling blasting (ACB), leading to poor blasting effects and wastage of explosive energy. The study focuses on comparing the rock-breaking effects of shock waves and explosive gases between WCB and ACB to offer insights for optimizing the design of WCB. Firstly, the stress field in blasting with different coupling mediums was calculated. Then, the shock failure characteristics of rocks between WCB and ACB were analyzed. The results show that the radius of shock failure zones decreases with the increasing decoupling coefficient in WCB and ACB. On this basis, a model for calculating the shock failure range in WCB and ACB was proposed. This model can be utilized to estimate the percentage of fine-grained stone in the two types of blasting. Further, a method for distinguishing between the rock-breaking effects of shock waves and explosive gases was proposed based on the numerical simulation results of blasting damage. A comparative analysis between WCB and ACB on the rock-breaking volume by shock waves and gases was conducted. The results indicate that the failure volumes of rocks induced by shock waves and gases in WCB are 1.4–2.1 times greater than those in ACB, with a decoupling coefficient ranging from 1.26 to 1.71. Finally, a method for determining the charging structure in WCB was discussed, which has been preliminarily validated by field tests. The findings can help regulate rock-breaking effects in blasting by rationally selecting coupling mediums and charging constructions.

水耦合爆破（WCB）技术因其高效、环保等优点受到广泛关注。然而，在实际工程中，水煤浆爆破的参数一般都是根据空气耦合爆破（ACB）的经验和标准确定的，导致爆破效果不佳和爆炸能量的浪费。本研究重点比较了 WCB 和 ACB 的冲击波和爆炸气体的破岩效果，为优化 WCB 的设计提供启示。首先，计算了不同耦合介质爆破时的应力场。然后，分析了 WCB 和 ACB 之间岩石的冲击破坏特征。结果表明，随着 WCB 和 ACB 去耦系数的增大，冲击破坏区的半径会减小。在此基础上，提出了计算 WCB 和 ACB 冲击破坏范围的模型。该模型可用于估算两种爆破中细粒石材的比例。此外，还根据爆破破坏的数值模拟结果，提出了一种区分冲击波和爆炸气体破岩效果的方法。对 WCB 和 ACB 在冲击波和气体作用下的岩石破坏量进行了比较分析。结果表明，在 WCB 中，冲击波和气体诱发的岩石破坏体积是 ACB 的 1.4-2.1 倍，解耦系数在 1.26-1.71 之间。最后，讨论了一种确定 WCB 中装药结构的方法，该方法已通过现场试验得到初步验证。这些发现有助于通过合理选择耦合介质和装药结构来调节爆破中的破岩效果。

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