International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences最新文献_第10页

Physical modelling of ore flow in ore passes for haulage decarbonisation in deep mining 深部采矿运输脱碳矿道流物理模拟

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106302

Javiera Brevis , Fernanda Vera , René Gómez , Ebrahim F. Salmi

The continuous decline in ore grades has driven the mining industry to adopt innovative strategies to sustain and potentially increase production, particularly in response to the rising demand for strategic and critical minerals such as copper, which is essential for the energy transition. In underground mining, such as sublevel caving operations, ore passes are commonly used to transport ore between levels. Expanding and optimising the use of ore passes can improve operational efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and lower carbon emissions associated with hauling.

However, significant challenges arise in maintaining reliable gravitational flow within ore passes due to substantial vertical distances and increasing mining depths. To address these challenges, this study utilises a scaled physical model to investigate the flow behaviour of various particle types within an ore pass. The analysis considers multiple variables, including filling levels, particle size distributions, and particle properties. A total of 4160 flow experiments were conducted across 52 combinations of particle shapes and sizes to quantify the influence of these variables on material flow.

The highest number of hang-ups was observed for large triangular prismatic particles, with 125 events, followed by large spherical particles, which exhibited 96 hang-ups. In contrast, no hang-ups occurred for small spherical or octahedral particles. The hang-up frequency index decreased by 98.48 % when sphericity was reduced by 23.47 %, indicating a strong influence of particle shape on flow behaviour. For spherical particles, lower ore pass filling levels reduced the occurrence of hang-ups, whereas this effect was not observed in mixed prismatic particle shapes. This detailed analysis of hang-up events under varying conditions can help to identify critical scenarios affecting particle flow within ore passes. The findings provide essential insights into the parameters governing particle movement, thereby advancing the understanding of complex flow dynamics in ore pass operations.

矿石品位的持续下降促使采矿业采取创新战略，以维持并可能增加产量，特别是为了应对对铜等战略和关键矿物日益增长的需求，铜对能源转型至关重要。在地下开采中，例如分段崩落法，矿道通常用于在不同的矿层之间运输矿石。扩大和优化矿石通道的使用可以提高作业效率，减少能源消耗，并降低与运输相关的碳排放。然而，由于较大的垂直距离和不断增加的采矿深度，在矿道内保持可靠的重力流出现了重大挑战。为了解决这些挑战，本研究利用缩放物理模型来研究矿道内各种颗粒类型的流动行为。该分析考虑了多个变量，包括填充水平、粒度分布和颗粒特性。总共进行了4160次流动实验，涉及52种颗粒形状和尺寸组合，以量化这些变量对物质流动的影响。在大的三角形棱柱状粒子中，观察到的挂机次数最多，有125次，其次是大的球形粒子，有96次挂机。相比之下，小的球形或八面体粒子没有出现挂机现象。当球度降低23.47%时，挂机频率指数降低了98.48%，表明颗粒形状对流动行为的影响较大。对于球形颗粒，较低的矿道充填水平减少了挂起的发生，而在混合棱柱状颗粒形状中没有观察到这种影响。这种对不同条件下的挂起事件的详细分析可以帮助确定影响矿道内颗粒流动的关键情况。这些发现为控制颗粒运动的参数提供了重要的见解，从而促进了对矿道作业中复杂流动动力学的理解。

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引用次数: 0

A novel multi-scale structural equivalent method for jointed rock masses and its application to slope stability analysis 节理岩体多尺度结构等效方法及其在边坡稳定性分析中的应用

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106329

Jia Wang , Wen Zhang , Han Yin , Rui Fu , Qi Sun , Jiali Han , Junqi Chen

Large jointed rock masses are characterized by numerous discontinuities across multiple scales. Oversimplifying these features leads to inaccurate mechanical representation, while fully resolving them in numerical models is computationally prohibitive. This study proposes a multi-scale structural equivalent method that integrates explicit modelling of large- and medium-scale discontinuities, while representing small-scale discontinuities through equivalent continuum parameters. The method is developed based on 3D discrete fracture network (DFN) modelling and the representative elementary volume (REV) concept. A high-steep rock slope located in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, serves as the application site. Multi-scale discontinuity data were rapidly extracted using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry combined with automated interpretation. The further generated 3D DFN model contains millions of discontinuities, so the synthetic rock mass (SRM) technique in 3DEC was employed to equivalently embed small-scale discontinuities into intact rock. To determine the input parameters of the SRM model, numerical uniaxial and triaxial compression experiments were performed. Results confirm that small-scale discontinuities significantly weaken rock mass strength, indicating that their degradation effect should be included in slope stability analysis. The established multi-scale slope model effectively captures overall deformation zones and primary failure boundaries controlled by large-scale discontinuities, as well as localized collapses associated with medium-scale discontinuities. Field observations further validate the accuracy of this approach, demonstrating its potential for application in large jointed rock mass projects.

大型节理岩体的特点是在多个尺度上有许多不连续面。过度简化这些特征会导致不准确的机械表示，而在数值模型中完全解决它们在计算上是禁止的。本研究提出了一种多尺度结构等效方法，该方法将大、中尺度结构面显式建模结合起来，同时通过等效连续介质参数表示小尺度结构面。该方法基于三维离散裂缝网络（DFN）建模和代表性初等体积（REV）概念。采用无人机摄影测量与自动解译相结合的方法，快速提取多尺度不连续数据。进一步生成的三维DFN模型包含数百万个结构面，因此采用3DEC中的合成岩体（SRM）技术将小尺度结构面等效嵌入完整岩石中。为了确定SRM模型的输入参数，分别进行了单轴和三轴压缩数值实验。结果表明，小尺度结构面明显削弱岩体强度，其退化效应应纳入边坡稳定性分析。建立的多尺度边坡模型有效地捕捉了大尺度结构面控制下的整体变形带和主要破坏边界，以及中等尺度结构面控制下的局部崩塌。现场观测进一步验证了该方法的准确性，证明了其在大型节理岩体工程中的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Laboratory-scale characteristics of micro-slip during fault quiescence and implications for injection-induced reactivation stability 断层静止时的实验室尺度微滑动特征及其对注入诱发再激活稳定性的影响

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106339

Ning Yang , Peng-Zhi Pan , Shuting Miao , Wenbo Hou

Under deep injection disturbance, critical state faults in the quiescent period are prone to reactivation, and the induced stick-slip behavior may trigger seismic hazards. The healing mechanism of quiescent faults exerts significant control on the reactivation stability; however, current research on fault healing still relies on ex-post result analysis after reactivation. To address this limitation, we designed and conducted shear-flow experiments with variables of stress environments and healing periods, based on a fault slip model inclined to the loading direction. The results show that the absolute stress-strain ratio (

γ

) in the stable micro-slip stage decreases from an initial 10 GPa to 0 with increasing healing period, while the product of healing period and holding-phase shear stress (TIEC) reduces from an initial 300 MPa·s to 225 MPa·s. This indicates that the higher the stress environment and the longer the healing period, the earlier the fault tends to become unstable. Statistical analysis reveals that when shear stress is below 60 MPa, the positive correlation coefficient between cumulative slip distance during the healing period and reactivation intensity is mostly above 0.75, whereas excessively high stress weakens this correlation. Microscopic observation of slip traces shows that continuous micro-slip does not prevent healing, which may be attributed to the plowing of asperities. These results facilitate exploring and quantifying the correlation between fault healing and reactivation stability, and support interpreting and predicting fault reactivation risks at an earlier stage.

在深部注入扰动下，处于静息期的临界状态断层容易重新激活，诱发的粘滑行为可能引发地震灾害。静止断层的愈合机制对再激活稳定性有重要的控制作用；然而，目前对故障修复的研究仍然依赖于再激活后的事后结果分析。为了解决这一限制，我们设计并进行了剪切流实验，其中包含应力环境和愈合周期变量，基于倾向于加载方向的断层滑动模型。结果表明：稳定微滑移阶段的绝对应力应变比（γ）随修复时间的增加从初始的10 GPa减小到0，而修复阶段与保持阶段剪应力（TIEC）的乘积从初始的300 MPa·s减小到225 MPa·s；这说明应力环境越高、愈合周期越长，断层越早趋于不稳定。统计分析表明，当剪应力低于60 MPa时，愈合期累积滑移距离与再激活强度的正相关系数大多在0.75以上，而过大的剪应力使这种相关性减弱。对滑移痕迹的显微观察表明，连续的微滑移并不妨碍愈合，这可能是由于凹凸不平的犁耕造成的。这些结果有助于探索和量化故障愈合与再激活稳定性之间的相关性，并支持在早期阶段解释和预测故障再激活风险。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical assessment of the barrier integrity for a generic nuclear waste repository in crystalline rock 结晶岩核废料储存库屏障完整性的数值评价

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106326

Carlos Guevara Morel, Jan Thiedau, Jobst Maßmann

A crystalline host rock for the deep geological disposal of heat generating nuclear waste is one of the options discussed in Germany. Since a sufficiently large undisturbed rock zone to provide the essential safety function for containment of the waste cannot be assumed, a concept for disposal in multiple smaller unfractured rock zones has been developed and investigated in the joint research project CHRISTA-II. Regulation then requires the proof of integrity under thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) load introduced by the repository. This contribution presents a modeling approach for the THM system evolution that allows for the assessment of the safety function of the geological barrier in crystalline rock, considering German regulatory requirements. Moreover with the proposed modeling approach, the quantification of the potential safety reserves at the repository can be quantified. Modeling results show that for the selected model conditions, the repository units have less safety reserves regarding tensile failure as compared to dilatant or thermal induced failure.

在德国讨论的选择之一是用结晶岩作为深层地质处置产生热量的核废料的载体。由于不能假定有一个足够大的未受干扰的岩石区为遏制废物提供基本的安全功能，因此在CHRISTA-II联合研究项目中已经提出并研究了在多个较小的未破裂岩石区进行处置的概念。然后，法规要求在储存库引入的热-水-机械（THM）负荷下证明完整性。这一贡献提出了THM系统演化的建模方法，考虑到德国的监管要求，该方法允许评估结晶岩石中地质屏障的安全功能。此外，利用所提出的建模方法，可以对储存库的潜在安全储备进行量化。模拟结果表明，在所选择的模型条件下，与膨胀或热致破坏相比，储存库单元对拉伸破坏的安全储备更少。

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引用次数: 0

Three-dimensional discrete fracture network identification based on deep learning and reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm 基于深度学习和可逆跳跃马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗算法的三维离散断裂网络识别

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106327

Zhenting Sun , Lei Ma , Quan Li , Yaping Deng , Han Qiu , Haichun Ma , Cihai Chen , Yongshuai Yan , Jiazhong Qian

Characterizing fracture networks is critical for groundwater development, geothermal exploitation, hydrocarbon recovery, and geological CO₂ sequestration, yet their complex and uncertain spatial distribution poses a persistent challenge. This study proposes an intelligent inversion framework that integrates a 3D-UNet surrogate model, reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (rjMCMC), and multi-source data fusion for three-dimensional discrete fracture network (DFN) characterization at the field scale. Within this framework, a 3D-UNet model trained on large datasets of fracture configurations, hydraulic head, and electrical potential provides an efficient initial inversion of fracture parameters. Fracture geometries are then extracted with the RANSAC algorithm and iteratively refined via rjMCMC, where the surrogate 3D-UNet replaces conventional forward modeling. This innovation reduces computational costs by an order of magnitude, enabling efficient large-scale inversion. Furthermore, the fusion of electrical potential with hydraulic head data enhances inversion accuracy by about 10 %. Validation demonstrates that the framework reliably reconstructs the spatial distribution of fracture networks, capturing both low-density zones and dominant hydraulic pathways in highly heterogeneous domains. By combining computational efficiency with improved accuracy, this approach offers a practical and scalable solution for field-scale fracture network characterization in a wide range of hydrogeological and engineering applications.

裂缝网络的特征对地下水开发、地热开发、油气开采和地质二氧化碳封存至关重要，但其复杂和不确定的空间分布给人们带来了持续的挑战。本研究提出了一种集成3D-UNet代理模型、可逆跳跃马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗（rjMCMC）和多源数据融合的智能反演框架，用于现场尺度的三维离散裂缝网络（DFN）表征。在此框架内，3D-UNet模型在裂缝配置、水头和电势的大型数据集上进行训练，提供了裂缝参数的有效初始反演。然后使用RANSAC算法提取裂缝几何形状，并通过rjMCMC进行迭代优化，其中代理3D-UNet取代了传统的正演建模。这一创新将计算成本降低了一个数量级，实现了高效的大规模反演。此外，电势与水头数据的融合使反演精度提高了约10%。验证表明，该框架可靠地重建了裂缝网络的空间分布，既捕获了低密度区域，也捕获了高度非均质区域的主要水力路径。该方法结合了计算效率和更高的精度，为广泛的水文地质和工程应用中的现场裂缝网络表征提供了一种实用且可扩展的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Creep behavior and prestress relaxation mechanism of bolt-reinforced jointed specimen disturbed by dynamic impact 动冲击扰动下锚杆加固节理试件蠕变行为及预应力松弛机制

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106338

Kai Guan , Runze Zhu , Ignacio Pérez-Rey , Wancheng Zhu , Xige Liu , Jianyu Zhou

Rock creep and dynamic behaviors are distinct mechanical responses with different strain rates, and their interaction can cause asynchronous deformation in anchoring systems, reducing bolt prestress and increasing time-dependent instability risk. Using the self-developed rock creep-impact testing machine, this study highlights that under combined creep and dynamic loading, unbolted specimens tend to experience delayed failure, whereas bolt-reinforced specimens fail more promptly during impact, indicating improved predictability and stability due to reinforcement. The application of bolt prestress significantly enhances impact resistance by suppressing axial strain increases and damage during dynamic events, thereby extending the time-to-failure and improving overall performance. During creep, bolt strain gradually increases, but impact causes rapid escalation, demonstrating that transient disturbances are more effective in activating bolt reinforcement than slow creep. Repeated dynamic impacts diminish anchoring effectiveness, increasing acoustic emission energy, but higher prestress levels delay weakening and facilitate a transition to more controlled energy dissipation. Prestress initially decline rapidly before stabilizing, with subsequent impacts inducing stepwise reductions and occasional abnormal rebounds that may serve as early-warning signals for potential failure. Prestress relaxation arises from bolt elongation pre-impact and time-dependent damage to the rock mass post-impact, necessitating timely re-tensioning in vibration-prone environments. The progression and failure of cracks are significantly influenced by prestress levels, with higher prestress shifting through-cracking extending along the joint towards both the top and bottom to propagating laterally across the specimen, especially near the tray region, thereby reducing localized damage. Overall, the findings underscore the critical role of prestress management and reinforcement strategies in improving the resilience of anchoring systems under creep stress and dynamic impact conditions, contributing to safer and more durable rock engineering applications.

岩石蠕变和动力行为是不同应变速率下的不同力学响应，它们的相互作用会引起锚固系统的非同步变形，降低锚杆预应力，增加随时间变化的失稳风险。本研究利用自行研制的岩石蠕变冲击试验机，强调了在蠕变和动载荷联合作用下，未锚固的岩石试件往往会经历延迟破坏，而锚固加固的岩石试件在冲击过程中会更迅速地破坏，这表明锚固加固提高了岩石的可预测性和稳定性。锚杆预应力的应用通过抑制轴向应变的增加和动态事件中的损伤显著提高了抗冲击能力，从而延长了破坏时间，提高了整体性能。在蠕变过程中，锚杆应变逐渐增大，但冲击会导致快速升级，这表明瞬态扰动比缓慢蠕变更有效地激活锚杆加固。反复的动力冲击会降低锚固效果，增加声发射能量，但较高的预应力水平会延缓锚固效果的减弱，并有助于向更可控的能量耗散过渡。预应力在稳定之前会迅速下降，随后的影响会导致逐步减少，偶尔会出现异常反弹，这可能是潜在故障的早期预警信号。预应力松弛是由锚杆在冲击前的伸长和冲击后岩体的时间依赖性损伤引起的，因此在振动易发环境中需要及时进行再张拉。裂缝的发展和破坏受到预应力水平的显著影响，较高的预应力在裂缝中移动，沿着节理向顶部和底部延伸，向横向传播穿过试件，特别是在托盘区域附近，从而减少了局部损伤。总的来说，研究结果强调了预应力管理和加固策略在提高锚固系统在蠕变应力和动态冲击条件下的弹性方面的关键作用，有助于更安全和更持久的岩石工程应用。

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引用次数: 0

Characteristics and spatial differences of pressure-stimulated rock potential in diorite partly loaded to fracturing 部分压裂加载闪长岩压激岩势特征及空间差异

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106328

Licheng Sun , Lixin Wu , Youyou Xu , Guangrui Dong , Tao Zheng , Wenfei Mao

The spatial differences of pressure-stimulated rock potential (PSRP) and its correlation with crack development and distribution were poorly studied, despite their importance in understanding seismic anomalies and monitoring engineering rock mass. In this study, compressive stresses were partly applied to specially designed diorite specimens in shape of composite cuboid-platform, which make the specimens being comprised of loaded cuboid and free platform. The PSRP differences between each end of the free platform and the loaded cuboid were monitored separately, and acoustic emission was monitored simultaneously to observe crack development. Results revealed distinct stage-specific PSRP characteristics: exponential drop during initial loading, rapid rise with local macro failure, pulse appear with instability failure, and large fluctuation rise occur with post-peak loading. Preceding the instability failure phase, the PSRPs variation across different regions exhibited consistent trend with differences in amplitude and timing. At instability failure phase, however, significant spatial differences emerged, with opposite polarity pulses observed. The detected PSRP could be attributed to the fluid electrokinetic effect and the activation of positive holes (P-holes). The PSRP corresponds to crack development, as larger accumulated crack areas activate more P-holes and consequently generate higher PSRP rises. Spatial distribution in macro fracture surfaces further governed the spatial differences of PSRP, where open fractures blocked the upward transmission of P-holes, affecting the response of P-holes in PSRP. The revealed relationship between PSRP and crack development/distribution provides novel insights for monitoring and early warning of engineering rock mass instability and earthquakes.

压力激岩势（PSRP）的空间差异及其与裂缝发育和分布的相关性，尽管在认识地震异常和监测工程岩体方面具有重要意义，但研究较少。在本研究中，对特殊设计的闪长岩试样施加部分压应力，使其呈长方体-台地复合形状，使试样由加载长方体和自由台地组成。分别监测自由平台与加载长方体两端的PSRP差异，同时监测声发射，观察裂纹发展情况。结果表明，PSRP具有明显的阶段性特征：初始加载时呈指数下降，局部宏观破坏时快速上升，失稳破坏时呈脉冲状，峰后加载时出现大幅波动上升。在失稳失效阶段之前，不同区域PSRPs的变化趋势一致，但在幅度和时间上存在差异。然而，在不稳定失效阶段，出现了显著的空间差异，观察到相反的极性脉冲。检测到的PSRP可归因于流体电动力学效应和正孔（p孔）的激活。PSRP与裂缝发育相对应，裂缝累积面积越大，激活的p孔越多，PSRP上升越高。宏观裂缝面的空间分布进一步控制了PSRP的空间差异，开放裂缝阻断了p孔的向上传播，影响了PSRP中p孔的响应。揭示了PSRP与裂缝发育/分布的关系，为工程岩体失稳和地震监测预警提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Time-dependent plastic analytical solutions for spherical cavity considering loading-unloading paths and temperature effects 考虑加载-卸载路径和温度影响的球腔时效塑性解析解

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106314

Huchen Duan , Huaning Wang , Mingjing Jiang , Fei Song , Yongheng Yang

Geomaterials generally exhibit time-dependency and plasticity, meanwhile, significantly influenced by the loading-unloading paths and temperature settings. Furthermore, the mechanical properties heavily depend on temperatures. In this study, an alternative viscoelastic-plastic analytical solution for stress and displacements is developed for spherical cavity closure, innovatively taking into account the time-dependent plastic behaviours of geomaterials, the loading-unloading paths, and the unsteady heat conduction and its effect on the mechanical behaviours.

In order to do that, the Burgers viscoelastic model and plastic slider characterised by the Mohr-Coulomb model are selected to characterise the time-dependency and plasticity of geomaterials, respectively. As a verification and validation step, the developed analytical solutions are compared with numerical predictions and experimental tests. After that, comprehensive parametric analyses are performed and some significant conclusions are achieved: (1) The critical supporting pressure for cavity stability increases linearly with both temperature and elastic modulus of rock. (2) Moderate heating is beneficial for stability, while excessive heating may cause secondary plastic yielding. The cavity reaches its most dangerous state during the early stages of storage. (3) The thermal conductivity and viscosity coefficient primarily affect the transient stress paths and stability of the cavity but do not impact the initial or final stress states. The developed time-dependent plastic analytical solution provides an alternative and efficient tool with a high potential for application to several relevant case studies, such as nuclear waste storage constructed in salt rocks.

岩土材料普遍表现出时间依赖性和可塑性，同时受加载-卸载路径和温度设置的显著影响。此外，机械性能很大程度上取决于温度。在这项研究中，开发了一种用于球形空腔闭合的应力和位移的粘弹塑性替代解析解，创新地考虑了岩土材料的时间依赖塑性行为、加载-卸载路径、非稳态热传导及其对力学行为的影响。为了做到这一点，选择Burgers粘弹性模型和以Mohr-Coulomb模型为特征的塑性滑块来分别表征岩土材料的时间依赖性和可塑性。作为验证和验证步骤，将开发的解析解与数值预测和实验测试进行了比较。在此基础上，进行了全面的参数分析，得到了一些有意义的结论：(1)空腔稳定临界支撑压力随温度和岩石弹性模量的增加而线性增加。(2)适度加热有利于稳定性，过度加热可能导致二次塑性屈服。在储存的早期阶段，蛀洞达到了最危险的状态。(3)导热系数和粘滞系数主要影响腔体的瞬态应力路径和稳定性，而不影响初始和最终应力状态。所开发的随时间变化的塑性分析解决方案提供了一种替代的高效工具，具有很高的应用潜力，可用于几个相关案例研究，例如在盐岩中建造的核废料储存。

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引用次数: 0

A novel FEM–DEM coupling methodology for hydro-mechanical modeling in fractured geological media 裂缝性地质介质中流体力学建模的一种新型FEM-DEM耦合方法

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106324

Jung-Wook Park , Chan-Hee Park , Eui-Seob Park , Olaf Kolditz

This study presents the development, verification, and validation of a novel coupling methodology for simulating coupled hydro-mechanical (HM) processes in fractured geological media. The proposed numerical approach, OGS–3DEC, integrates the finite element method-based OpenGeoSys (OGS) for fluid flow and the discrete element code 3DEC for mechanical deformation. These two simulators are linked through a hierarchical sequential coupling scheme that enables two-way data exchange. This approach modifies the effective stress in the fractured medium through evolving pore pressure while updating permeability and porosity based on stress and deformation. The methodology was verified through benchmark tests including one-dimensional consolidation in a porous matrix, radial fluid flow along a fracture plane, and fluid injection-induced fracture opening and slip. The results demonstrated excellent agreement with analytical solutions. Additionally, the model was validated against field-scale data from a fault reactivation experiment at the Mont Terri Rock Laboratory, with simulated pressures, flow rates, and displacements closely matching observed values. The OGS-3DEC simulator provides a reliable and efficient tool for modeling the HM behavior of fractured rock masses, with applications in geotechnical and subsurface engineering.

本研究提出了一种新的耦合方法，用于模拟裂缝性地质介质中耦合的水-力学过程，并进行了开发、验证和验证。所提出的数值方法OGS - 3DEC集成了基于有限元方法的流体流动OpenGeoSys （OGS）和机械变形离散单元代码3DEC。这两个模拟器通过分层顺序耦合方案连接起来，从而实现双向数据交换。该方法通过孔隙压力的变化来修正裂缝介质中的有效应力，同时根据应力和变形来修正渗透率和孔隙度。该方法通过基准测试进行了验证，包括多孔基质中的一维固结、沿裂缝平面的径向流体流动以及流体注入引起的裂缝张开和滑移。结果与解析解非常吻合。此外，该模型还通过Mont Terri岩石实验室断层再激活实验的现场数据进行了验证，模拟的压力、流速和排量与观测值非常吻合。OGS-3DEC模拟器为模拟裂隙岩体的HM行为提供了可靠、高效的工具，可用于岩土工程和地下工程。

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引用次数: 0

Migration mechanisms of leaking hydrogen sulfide in inter-stratified coal-petroleum basins and mitigation with alkali injection 层间油气盆地泄漏硫化氢运移机理及注碱治理

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106325

Shun Liang , Hongye Luo , Derek Elsworth , Qiangling Yao , Xuehai Fu , Qiang Wang , Xuehua Li , Weisheng He , Zhi Ma , Guangli Huang , Furong Wang

In inter-stratified coal-petroleum basins, the integrity of oil/gas wells penetrating coal seams is frequently compromised by longwall coal mining-induced disturbances, promoting leakage of highly toxic hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gas from below. This released H₂S migrates via mining-induced fractures into underground workings like longwall faces and roadways, posing acute exposure risks for miners. This study investigates H₂S leakage, migration, hazard, and mitigation methods using a case study of the Shuangma coal mine (Ordos Basin western margin, China), where upper coal seams are mined above deep oil reservoirs. We developed a novel coupled mechanical-hydraulic-chemical model simulating H₂S migration and coal seam alkali injection for sulfur immobilization. Field measurements and simulations reveal that: (1) Leaking H₂S primarily adsorbs in coal matrix pores, forming enrichment zones until saturation, then distributes into free and water-soluble states in dynamic equilibrium; (2) H₂S pressure increases exponentially near wellbores, with radii of influence after 30 years measuring 238–536 m for wellbore pressures of 0.32–1.52 MPa; (3) Optimal alkali injection parameters for effective H₂S mitigation are 10 MPa pressure, 10 m borehole spacing, and 30 h grouting duration. These parameters suppressed H₂S concentrations below the safety threshold. The results: (1) elucidate coupled transport-immobilization mechanisms governing H₂S behavior in fractured coal-reservoir systems, and (2) provide a validated engineering protocol for abandoned well remediation in inter-stratified coal-hydrocarbon basins. This work advances fundamental understanding and practical solutions for H₂S risk management in mining overlying oil/gas reservoirs.

在层间煤-油气盆地中，穿透煤层的油气井的完整性经常受到长壁采煤引起的扰动的破坏，促进了高毒性硫化氢（H2S）气体从下面泄漏。这些释放出的H2S通过开采引起的裂缝进入地下工作，如长壁工作面和巷道，给矿工带来了严重的暴露风险。本研究以鄂尔多斯盆地西缘双马煤矿为例，研究了H2S的泄漏、迁移、危害和缓解方法。建立了模拟H2S运移和煤层注碱固硫的力学-水力-化学耦合模型。现场实测和模拟结果表明：(1)泄漏的H2S主要吸附在煤基质孔隙中，形成富集带直至饱和，然后在动态平衡状态下分布为游离态和水溶性；(2)井筒附近H2S压力呈指数增长，井筒压力为0.32 ~ 1.52 MPa时，30年后影响半径为238 ~ 536 m；(3)有效减缓H2S的最佳注碱参数为压力10 MPa、井距10 m、注浆时间30 h。这些参数将H2S浓度抑制在安全阈值以下。研究结果：(1)阐明了裂缝性煤储层系统中控制H2S行为的耦合运输-固定机制；(2)为层间煤-烃盆地弃井修复提供了一种有效的工程方案。这项工作促进了对油气储层开采中H2S风险管理的基本认识和实际解决方案。

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