International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences最新文献_第5页

Identification of elastic constants of transversely isotropic rocks using strain measurements from a single inclined specimen 横向各向同性岩石的弹性常数的识别用应变测量从一个单一的倾斜试样

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106399

Youn-Kyou Lee , S. Pietruszczak

The elastic behavior of transversely isotropic rocks is governed by five independent constants. Conventional methods for measuring these elastic constants typically involve uniaxial compression tests on three specimens sampled at different inclinations with respect to the isotropy plane. However, this approach may introduce errors due to specimen heterogeneity. In this study, three sets of simple inversion formulas are derived to determine five elastic constants from strain data obtained during hydrostatic compression followed by an increment of axial stress applied to a single inclined specimen. Each of these three sets includes an identical equation for the shear modulus and a distinct matrix equation for the remaining four elastic constants. Although these matrix equations differ in appearance, they are mathematically equivalent and yield identical solutions. To facilitate coordinate transformation, the Mehrabadi-Cowin notation was employed, in which the strain and stress states are represented as first-order tensors in a six-dimensional space, and the corresponding compliance matrix is treated as a second-order tensor in the same space. The input data for the proposed inversion formulas consist of strain measurements taken in a coordinate system aligned with the strike and dip directions of the isotropy plane. If the orientation of the isotropy plane can be inferred from the strain data, then strain measurements obtained in an arbitrary coordinate system can also be used as input. Illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the accuracy and practical relevance of the proposed approach.

横向各向同性岩石的弹性行为由五个独立的常数决定。测量这些弹性常数的传统方法通常包括对三个相对于各向同性平面不同倾角的试样进行单轴压缩试验。然而，由于标本的异质性，这种方法可能会引入误差。在本研究中，推导了三组简单的反演公式，从静压过程中获得的应变数据中确定五个弹性常数，然后对单个倾斜试样施加轴向应力增量。这三组中的每一组都包括一个相同的剪切模量方程和一个不同的矩阵方程，用于其余四个弹性常数。虽然这些矩阵方程在外观上不同，但它们在数学上是等价的，并产生相同的解。为了便于坐标变换，采用Mehrabadi-Cowin表示法，将应变和应力状态表示为六维空间中的一阶张量，将柔度矩阵表示为同一空间中的二阶张量。所提出的反演公式的输入数据包括在与各向同性平面走向和倾斜方向对齐的坐标系中进行的应变测量。如果从应变数据可以推断出各向同性平面的方向，那么在任意坐标系下获得的应变测量值也可以作为输入。举例说明了所提出的方法的准确性和实际相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasonic sensing of the mechanical fingerprint of reactive transport in rock 岩石反应输运力学指纹的超声检测

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106404

Ali Aminzadeh , Prasanna Salasiya , Joseph F. Labuz , Mohammad Nooraiepour , Bojan B. Guzina

Mineral carbon storage in rock formations has gained significant interest in recent years. In principle, changes in mechanical rock properties driven by carbon mineralization could be quantified using seismic methods, opening the door toward field monitoring of carbon storage. However, these changes may vary spatially within a rock mass when reactive transport occurs. In this vein, full-field ultrasonic characterization of reacted specimens can help shed light on the process. We use a 3D Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer to perform full-field monitoring of one-dimensional (1D) ultrasonic waves in rod-shaped sandstone specimens exposed to NaCl-rich fluid. Our initial experiments were conducted on intact sandstone specimens with high aspect ratio (

length/diameter ≃ 15

) to cater for 1D axial wave propagation. To investigate the evolution of the Young’s modulus and attenuation of rock due to reactive transport, we exposed the specimens to an under-saturated NaCl solution, achieving supersaturation – and so mineralization – through evaporation. The upward movement of the fluid, supplied at the bottom of each specimen, was achieved through capillary action. We deploy an elastography-type approach to back-analysis, known as modified-error-in-constitutive-relation (MECR) approach, to expose the spatially-heterogeneous evolution of mechanical rock properties due to reactive transport. Our results consistently demonstrate (i) an approximately 30% degradation of the Young’s modulus and (ii) 7-fold increase in ultrasonic attenuation due to mineralization. To better understand the root causes of these changes, we made use of the X-ray micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy of selected cross-sections. The grain-scale information suggests that pore filling with powder-like participate is responsible for the increase in attenuation, while microcracking – observed by acoustic emission monitoring – is behind the observed damage of rock.

近年来，矿物碳在岩层中的储存引起了人们极大的兴趣。原则上，碳矿化驱动的岩石力学性质变化可以用地震方法量化，为现场监测碳储量打开了大门。然而，当反应性输运发生时，这些变化可能在岩体内的空间上有所不同。在这种情况下，反应样品的全场超声表征可以帮助阐明这一过程。我们使用3D扫描激光多普勒振动仪对暴露于富盐流体中的棒状砂岩试样进行一维（1D）超声波的全方位监测。我们的初步实验是在高长径比（长径/直径）的完整砂岩样品上进行的，以满足一维轴向波的传播。为了研究杨氏模量的演化和岩石因反应输运而产生的衰减，我们将样品暴露在不饱和的NaCl溶液中，通过蒸发实现过饱和，从而实现矿化。在每个样品的底部提供的流体的向上运动是通过毛细管作用实现的。我们采用弹性学类型的方法进行反分析，称为修正误差本构关系（MECR）方法，以揭示由于反应性输运导致的岩石力学性质的空间非均质演化。我们的结果一致表明：(1)杨氏模量下降了约30%，(2)由于矿化，超声波衰减增加了7倍。为了更好地了解这些变化的根本原因，我们使用了x射线显微计算机断层扫描和扫描电子显微镜选择的截面。颗粒级信息表明，孔隙中粉状物质的填充是导致衰减增加的原因，而声发射监测观测到的微裂纹是导致岩石损伤的原因。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-method constrained stress states in the Qiabuqia geothermal field, NW China: Insights from basin-basement contrasts 中国西北恰布恰地热田多方法约束应力状态：盆地-基底对比的启示

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106422

Zijuan Hu , Shengsheng Zhang , Chongyuan Zhang , Shian Zhang , Derek Elsworth , Wen Meng , Xianghui Qin

We applied anelastic strain recovery (ASR), hydraulic fracturing (HF), and acoustic image logging to determine the full three-dimensional stress state in the Qiabuqia geothermal field, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. ASR measurements from twenty-five core samples across five boreholes in the geothermal field reveal a pronounced stress contrast between the sedimentary basin fill and the underlying granite basement. The sediments exhibit a normal faulting stress regime (S_v > S_Hmax > S_hmin), primarily governed by gravitational loading. In contrast, the granite basement exhibits a strike-slip regime (S_Hmax > S_v > S_hmin), indicating a dominant tectonic compression. Horizontal differential stress increases with depth in the sediments but decreases within the granite. We interpret these contrasts as resulting from variations in basement topography and mechanical properties between sedimentary and crystalline rocks. Acoustic image logs from borehole DR-8S indicate a mean S_Hmax orientation of approximately N47° ± 21°E, aligning with regional stress indicators derived from focal mechanisms and GPS data. Weak alteration minerals on fractures and faults may facilitate reactivation, promoting stress release and local reorientation. Our results demonstrate that the present-day stress field is controlled by northeastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau, with direct implications for the development and stability of the Qiabuqia geothermal reservoir.

采用非弹性应变恢复（ASR）、水力压裂（HF）和声波成像测井等方法对青藏高原东北部恰布恰地热田进行了全三维应力状态测定。对地热田5个钻孔的25个岩心样本进行的ASR测量显示，沉积盆地填充物与花岗岩基底之间存在明显的应力对比。沉积物表现为正常的断裂应力状态（Sv > SHmax > Shmin），主要受重力载荷控制。花岗岩基底则表现为走滑构造（SHmax > Sv > Shmin），以构造挤压为主。水平差应力在沉积物中随深度增加而减小，而在花岗岩中随深度增加而减小。我们将这些对比解释为沉积岩和结晶岩之间基底地形和力学性质的差异。DR-8S井眼的声波图像测井显示，平均最大震源方向约为N47°±21°E，与震源机制和GPS数据得出的区域应力指标一致。裂缝和断层上的弱蚀变矿物可能促进再活化，促进应力释放和局部定向。研究结果表明，青藏高原东北向扩张控制了现今应力场，这对恰布恰地热储层的发育和稳定具有直接影响。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation on artificial boundary problems in three-dimensional nodal-based continuous-discontinuous deformation analysis method for the seismic dynamic analyses of geotechnical structures 岩土结构地震动力分析中基于三维节点的连续-非连续变形分析方法中的人工边界问题研究

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106420

Yang Xia , Yongtao Yang , Xuhai Tang , Hong Zheng , Changfu Wei , Zuliang Shao

To accurately simulate the seismic responses of geotechnical structures using the three-dimensional nodal-based continuous-discontinuous deformation analysis method (3D-NCDDAM), appropriate boundary conditions should be set at the artificial boundaries to avoid the generation of fictitious reflected waves. In this study, various boundary conditions are used to enhance the ability of 3D-NCDDAM for seismic response analyses of geotechnical structures: (1) a viscous boundary is incorporated to absorb wave energy; (2) a viscoelastic boundary is introduced, which not only absorbs wave energy but also captures the elastic recovery behavior of the geotechnical medium; (3) based on the seismic input boundary, seismic motion is accurately applied; (4) the free field boundary applied for wave propagation in the semi-infinite domain is extended to three-dimensional space. The generation algorithm of the free field model and its coupling calculation with the main computational domain are introduced in detail; (5) the static-dynamic unified boundary introduced into 3D-NCDDAM achieves the seamless transition of boundary conditions between the quasi-static and dynamic stages. The numerical results of several examples verify the accuracy of those boundary conditions, and the entire evolution process of the landslide trigged by earthquake is effectively simulated with the enriched 3D-NCDDAM.

基于三维节点的连续-不连续变形分析方法（3D-NCDDAM）要准确模拟土工结构的地震反应，需要在人工边界处设置适当的边界条件，以避免虚拟反射波的产生。本研究采用了多种边界条件来增强3D-NCDDAM对土工结构地震反应分析的能力：(1)加入粘性边界吸收波能；(2)引入粘弹性边界，既能吸收波能，又能捕捉岩土介质的弹性恢复行为；(3)基于地震输入边界，准确应用地震运动；(4)将波在半无限域中传播的自由场边界扩展到三维空间。详细介绍了自由场模型的生成算法及其与主计算域的耦合计算；(5) 3D-NCDDAM中引入的动静统一边界实现了准静态阶段和动态阶段边界条件的无缝过渡。几个算例的数值结果验证了这些边界条件的准确性，并利用富集的3D-NCDDAM有效地模拟了地震诱发滑坡的整个演化过程。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling the thermo-mechanical behavior of porous lava under reservoir conditions 储层条件下多孔熔岩热-力学行为模拟

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106383

Ghassan Shahin , Michael J. Heap , Marie Violay

Harnessing geothermal energy and storing carbon dioxide in volcanic systems require reliable constitutive models to predict rock deformation and failure under extreme pressure and temperature. However, existing models are limited, especially when compared to the more advanced predictive tools available for sedimentary rocks. In this study, we integrate elastoplasticity, strain hardening, nonassociative plasticity, phenomenological thermomechanics, and bifurcation analysis to establish a novel constitutive model for porous lava. The model is calibrated against a unique dataset that provides the stress–strain and strain localization responses of porous andesite deformed at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 800 °C and at effective confining pressures from room pressure to 50 MPa. These mechanical and thermal conditions are representative of deep geothermal reservoirs. Finite element simulations of laboratory experiments are used to demonstrate the model’s capabilities in terms of reproducing key mechanical characteristics, including the differential stress required for the first stress drop and deformation mechanisms, across varying pressure and temperature conditions. Further validation via full-field finite element computations, simulating borehole excavation in low- to high-temperature systems, underscores the model’s predictive capabilities. In particular, the field-scale simulations demonstrate the model’s efficacy in reproducing variable forms of deformation structures and deformation modes around boreholes with capabilities to provide more information about the displacement in the borehole walls. The proposed modeling framework can be integrated into commercial numerical tools and used to facilitate the engineering of safe and cost-effective geothermal energy production and carbon geostorage, as well as numerical models designed to better understand the stability and therefore the hazard potential of volcanic structures.

利用地热能和在火山系统中储存二氧化碳需要可靠的本构模型来预测岩石在极端压力和温度下的变形和破坏。然而，现有的模型是有限的，特别是与更先进的沉积岩预测工具相比。在本研究中，我们综合了弹塑性、应变硬化、非联想塑性、现象学热力学和分岔分析，建立了一个新的多孔熔岩本构模型。该模型是根据一个独特的数据集进行校准的，该数据集提供了多孔安山岩在室温至800°C和室温至50 MPa有效围压下变形的应力-应变和应变局部化响应。这些力学和热条件是深层地热储层的代表性条件。实验室实验的有限元模拟用于证明模型在再现关键机械特性方面的能力，包括在不同压力和温度条件下第一次应力下降和变形机制所需的差应力。通过模拟低至高温系统中钻孔开挖的现场有限元计算，进一步验证了该模型的预测能力。特别是，现场规模的模拟证明了该模型在再现井眼周围不同形式的变形结构和变形模式方面的有效性，并能够提供有关井眼壁位移的更多信息。所提出的建模框架可以集成到商业数值工具中，用于促进安全且具有成本效益的地热能生产和碳地质储存工程，以及旨在更好地了解火山结构稳定性和潜在危害的数值模型。

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引用次数: 0

Capturing dynamic rockburst behaviors of deep rock masses with a novel nonlocal general particle dynamic method 用一种新的非局部一般粒子动力学方法捕捉深部岩体的动态岩爆行为

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106403

Jin-Hu Pan , Xiao-Ping Zhou

Understanding rockburst mechanism has always been a fundamental challenge in the field of geotechnical engineering. The nonlocal methods have excellent potential to simulate fragment problems such as rockburst. However, early researches employing nonlocal methods primarily focused on the static process of rockburst, their capabilities in simulating the full dynamic fracture propagation and fragment ejection processes remain to be further explored. To reproduce the dynamic rockburst process in deep tunnel, the present work proposes a novel nonlocal general particle dynamic method. Firstly, four types of contact behaviors in rockburst are identified and a contact model based on the theorem of momentum is proposed to determine the contact force. Secondly, we establish a joint model that distinguishes the tensile, compressive and shear deformation features of bonds to characterize the joints in rock masses. Thirdly, the Holmquist-Johnson-Cook constitutive model is modified to consider the features of high pressure and high strain rate in rockburst process and to simulate the damage evolution by incorporating the critical stretch criterion and critical equivalent strain criterion. The first three examples, oedometric test, block sliding on an inclined plane and wave propagation in a one-dimensional bar with a joint, are conducted to verify the proposed numerical framework. The final three examples simulate the rockburst phenomenon induced by excavation. The numerical results obtained by the developed approach are in high agreement with the experimental results and the field observations. The several typical features in rockburst, particle spalling, particle ejection and V-shaped rockburst pit, are successfully reproduced, which demonstrate that the proposed method possesses excellent ability to model the dynamic rockburst process and can provide a theoretical basis for hazard assessment and prevention strategies in deep underground engineering.

了解岩爆机理一直是岩土工程领域的一个基本挑战。非局部方法在模拟岩爆等破片问题上具有很好的潜力。然而，早期采用非局部方法的研究主要集中在岩爆的静态过程，其模拟全动态裂缝扩展和破片喷射过程的能力有待进一步探索。为了再现深埋隧道岩爆的动态过程，提出了一种新的非局部一般颗粒动力学方法。首先，识别了岩爆中的四种接触行为，并提出了基于动量定理的接触模型来确定接触力。其次，建立了区分粘结体拉伸、压缩和剪切变形特征的节理模型，对岩体中的节理进行了表征。第三，对Holmquist-Johnson-Cook本构模型进行修正，考虑岩爆过程中高压、高应变率的特点，引入临界拉伸准则和临界等效应变准则，模拟岩爆过程的损伤演化；通过测量试验、斜面上的块体滑动和带节理的一维杆体中的波传播三个算例验证了所提出的数值框架。最后三个算例模拟了开挖引起的岩爆现象。该方法的数值计算结果与实验结果和现场观测结果吻合较好。成功再现了岩爆中颗粒剥落、颗粒抛射和v型岩爆坑等典型特征，表明该方法具有良好的岩爆动态过程建模能力，可为深埋地下工程灾害评价和防治策略提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical study on pillar stress distribution in room-and-pillar hard rock mines using stress concentration factor based on tributary area: Bridging to pressure arch effect 基于分支面积应力集中系数的房柱硬岩矿山矿柱应力分布数值研究：桥接至压力拱效应

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106198

Dong-Ho Yoon , Jae-Joon Song

This study analyzes how the stress distribution in panel pillars of room-and-pillar mining systems deviates from Tributary Area Theory (TAT) under changes in key design parameters, such as overburden height, pillar array size, opening width-to-pillar width ratio, and pillar width. The Stress Concentration Factor based on Tributary Area (SCF_T) was employed to visualize the stress disturbance profile, known as the pressure arch effect, and provide a clearer understanding of load distribution while facilitating individual pillar stress calculations. Numerical analysis revealed that

{S C F}_{T}

profiles converge to stable shapes with increasing depth, and as panel width grows, central pillars exhibit

{S C F}_{T}

values closer to TAT predictions, while discrepancies persist at peripheral pillars. This observation suggests the possibility of controlled peripheral pillar trimming to enhance production without excessively increasing stress levels. Sensitivity analysis further indicated that the horizontal-to-vertical stress ratio (k) and pillar height, often overlooked, are critical factors for accurate stress estimation. These findings demonstrate the potential of

{S C F}_{T}

as a practical tool for realistic pillar stress estimation and its applicability for optimizing room-and-pillar mining system designs.

分析了在覆岩高度、矿柱阵列尺寸、开孔宽与矿柱宽比、矿柱宽度等关键设计参数变化的情况下，房柱联合开采系统盘状矿柱应力分布偏离支路区理论（TAT）的规律。采用基于支路面积的应力集中系数（SCFT）将应力扰动曲线（即压力拱效应）可视化，从而更清晰地了解荷载分布，同时便于各矿柱的应力计算。数值分析表明，随着深度的增加，SCFT曲线趋于稳定，随着面板宽度的增加，中心柱的SCFT值更接近TAT预测值，而外围柱的SCFT值仍然存在差异。这一观察结果表明，在不过度增加应力水平的情况下，控制外围矿柱修剪以提高产量的可能性。敏感性分析进一步表明，水平-垂直应力比(k)和矿柱高度是准确估计应力的关键因素，但往往被忽视。这些发现证明了SCFT作为实际矿柱应力估计的实用工具的潜力，以及它在优化房柱采矿系统设计中的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Time-Feature Fused Transformer model: A study on TBM performance prediction and attention evolution patterns 时间特征熔断变压器模型：TBM性能预测与注意力演化模式研究

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106427

Wenkun Yang , Zuyu Chen , Haitao Zhao , Jianchun Li , Shuo Chen , Chong Shi , Dong Chen , Jing Li

Accurate prediction of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) performance is critical for optimizing operational parameters and enhancing excavation efficiency. Existing intelligent methods for real-time performance assessment primarily treat this task as either a time-series forecasting or a multi-factor regression problem, failing to explain the evolutionary patterns of attention weights across temporal and feature dimensions. To address this gap, this study proposes a Time-Feature Fused Transformer (TFFT) model, which utilizes parallel-connected time-attention and feature-attention layers, followed by a regression layer. This architecture extracts multi-head self-attention weights from both dimensions, enabling analysis of attention evolution mechanisms during rock mass quality improvement or deterioration. Then, field-monitored data from the Songhua River water conveyance tunnel (YS), which is 19.77 km long, is used for model training, hyperparameter optimization, and testing. The TFFT demonstrates superior performance over five designed attention structures and state-of-the-art machine learning benchmarks through its ability to fuse temporal and feature representations effectively. Besides, attention weights analysis indicates temporal attention shifts toward earlier time steps during rock quality deterioration but concentrates on larger time steps during improvement, while feature attention remains invariant across the changed rock mass classes. Engineering applications on the new 8.6-km-long Chaoer to Xiliao tunnel (YC) confirm the model's robustness in providing real-time thrust predictions for operational guidance and exhibit a similar attention evolution mechanism to the YS tunnel. This work advances the fusion of temporal and feature learning in TBM performance prediction, offering more insights into spatio-temporal feature fusion and attention evolution patterns, as well as significant implications for safety and efficiency in tunnelling projects.

隧道掘进机性能的准确预测是优化施工参数、提高掘进效率的关键。现有的智能实时性能评估方法主要将此任务视为时间序列预测或多因素回归问题，无法解释注意力权重在时间和特征维度上的演化模式。为了解决这一差距，本研究提出了一种时间特征熔合变压器（TFFT）模型，该模型利用并联的时间注意层和特征注意层，然后是回归层。该体系结构从两个维度提取多头自注意权值，从而能够分析岩体质量改善或恶化过程中的注意演化机制。然后，利用19.77 km长的松花江输水隧洞现场监测数据进行模型训练、超参数优化和试验。TFFT通过有效融合时间表征和特征表征的能力，在五种设计的注意力结构和最先进的机器学习基准上表现出卓越的性能。此外，注意权值分析表明，在岩体质量恶化过程中，时间注意力向较早的时间步长转移，而在岩体质量改善过程中，时间注意力集中在较大的时间步长上，而特征注意力在不同的岩体类别中保持不变。在新建的长8.6公里的潮儿至西寮隧道（YC）上的工程应用证实了该模型在为操作指导提供实时推力预测方面的鲁棒性，并显示出与YS隧道相似的注意力演化机制。本研究推进了隧道掘进机性能预测中时间和特征学习的融合，提供了更多关于时空特征融合和注意力演化模式的见解，并对隧道工程的安全和效率具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of CO2 phase transition and heat transfer in response to damage-induced permeability in coal: insights from experiment and simulation 煤损伤诱导渗透率对CO2相变和传热的响应机制：来自实验和模拟的见解

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106419

Shida Zhang , Yonggang Qiao , Nan Fan , Chaojun Fan , Danping Yuan , Xianke Wang , Yuqi Chang

Liquid carbon dioxide (LCO₂) fracturing is an anhydrous technique developed to enhance coalbed methane (CBM) recovery. This study explored the influence of CO₂ phase transitions on the deformation and permeability of coal subjected to LCO₂ fracturing using integrated experimental observations and numerical simulations. A customized experimental setup was used to monitor temperature, pressure, coal strain, and CO₂ phase transitions during distinct stages, including injection, freezing, pressure relief, and thawing. The CO₂ phase exhibited dynamic evolution, transitioning sequentially from gaseous CO₂ (GCO₂) to liquid CO₂ (LCO₂), and back to GCO₂. Coal was subjected to irreversible deformation driven by coupled stresses including vaporization-induced expansion, thermal stress, and freezing-induced expansion. A thermo-hydro-mechanical-damage (THMD) model accounting for variable thermophysical properties and phase transitions was established and validated experimentally. The effects of heat transfer, fluid characteristics, initial coal temperature, injection pressure, and injection temperature on CO₂ phase behavior, coal damage, and permeability were systematically analyzed. The results revealed that the LCO₂ freezing process involved three phases: GCO₂, gas–liquid mixed CO₂ (L-GCO₂), and LCO₂. Elevated coal temperatures intensified thermal stresses, vapor expansion forces, and freeze–thaw effects, thereby amplifying coal damage and permeability. Conversely, lower injection temperatures and higher injection pressures promoted deeper LCO₂ penetration, accelerated damage progression, and significantly improved permeability. These findings offer essential theoretical insights into the optimization of the engineering performance of LCO₂ fracturing technology.

液态二氧化碳（LCO2）压裂是一种用于提高煤层气采收率的无水压裂技术。本研究采用实验观测与数值模拟相结合的方法，探讨了CO2相变对LCO2压裂煤的变形和渗透率的影响。使用定制的实验装置监测不同阶段的温度、压力、煤应变和二氧化碳相变，包括注入、冻结、减压和解冻。CO2相呈现出从气态CO2 （GCO2）到液态CO2 （LCO2）再到气态CO2 （GCO2）的动态演化过程。煤在蒸发诱发膨胀、热应力和冻结诱发膨胀等耦合应力作用下发生不可逆变形。建立了考虑变热物性和相变的热-水-机械损伤（THMD）模型，并进行了实验验证。系统分析了换热、流体特性、煤的初始温度、注入压力和注入温度对CO2相行为、煤损伤和渗透率的影响。结果表明，LCO2冻结过程包括GCO2、气液混合CO2 （L-GCO2）和LCO2三个阶段。煤的温度升高加剧了热应力、蒸汽膨胀力和冻融效应，从而加剧了煤的破坏和渗透性。相反，较低的注入温度和较高的注入压力会促进LCO2渗透更深，加速损害进展，并显著提高渗透率。这些发现为优化LCO2压裂技术的工程性能提供了重要的理论见解。

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引用次数: 0

Physics informed kriging convolutional graph attention network for predicting minimum horizontal stress from seismic attributes and finite element simulations 从地震属性和有限元模拟中预测最小水平应力的kriging卷积图注意网络

IF 7.5 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106429

Muhammad Azam Khan , Yang Zhao , Mandella Ali M. Fargalla , Wyclif Kiyingi , Chenggang Xian , Chunduan Zhao , Liang Xing

Accurate mapping of minimum horizontal stress (Sh_min) is vital for wellbore stability, hydraulic fracturing design and reservoir management in heterogeneous formations. Traditional approaches rely on sparse one-dimensional measurements or on numerical simulations that provide high fidelity but are computationally expensive. We present a physics informed kriging convolutional graph attention network (PIKCN-GAT) that integrates seismic attributes with stress fields obtained from finite element method (FEM) simulations. The framework constructs a k nearest neighbor graph from four post stack seismic attributes (maximum curvature, minimum curvature, root mean square amplitude and variance) and uses multi head graph attention to aggregate information from neighboring nodes. A kriging branch captures local spatial correlation and a physics informed loss term based on Eaton's poroelastic relation enforces geomechanical plausibility. The method is demonstrated on a high-resolution dataset from the Longmaxi Formation in the Daan field, Sichuan Basin, China. We trained PIKCN-GAT on 146,145 grid nodes and evaluated it on an unseen set of 32,805 nodes. On the test set, it achieved R² of 0.93, RMSE of 0.81 MPa, and MAE of 0.64 MPa, outperforming baseline kriging convolutional networks without attention or physics constraints. Shapley additive explanations indicate that the minimum curvature and variance are the most influential attributes. The resulting two-dimensional stress maps identify zones of elevated stress and potential barriers to fracture propagation, providing valuable input for geomechanical modelling and field development planning.

准确绘制最小水平应力（Shmin）对于非均质地层的井筒稳定性、水力压裂设计和油藏管理至关重要。传统的方法依赖于稀疏的一维测量或提供高保真度但计算代价昂贵的数值模拟。我们提出了一个基于物理的克里格卷积图注意网络（PIKCN-GAT），该网络将地震属性与有限元模拟得到的应力场相结合。该框架从4个叠后地震属性（最大曲率、最小曲率、均方根振幅和方差）构建k个最近邻图，并利用多头图关注聚合相邻节点的信息。kriging分支捕获局部空间相关性，基于Eaton孔隙弹性关系的物理通知损失项增强地质力学合理性。在四川盆地大安油田龙马溪组高分辨率数据集上对该方法进行了验证。我们在146,145个网格节点上训练了PIKCN-GAT，并在一个未见过的32,805个节点上对其进行了评估。在测试集上，它的R2为0.93，RMSE为0.81 MPa， MAE为0.64 MPa，优于没有注意或物理约束的基线kriging卷积网络。Shapley加性解释表明，最小曲率和方差是影响最大的属性。由此产生的二维应力图确定了应力升高区域和裂缝扩展的潜在障碍，为地质力学建模和油田开发规划提供了有价值的输入。

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引用次数: 0