International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Modeling the thermo-mechanical behavior of porous lava under reservoir conditions","authors":"Ghassan Shahin ,&nbsp;Michael J. Heap ,&nbsp;Marie Violay","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Harnessing geothermal energy and storing carbon dioxide in volcanic systems require reliable constitutive models to predict rock deformation and failure under extreme pressure and temperature. However, existing models are limited, especially when compared to the more advanced predictive tools available for sedimentary rocks. In this study, we integrate elastoplasticity, strain hardening, nonassociative plasticity, phenomenological thermomechanics, and bifurcation analysis to establish a novel constitutive model for porous lava. The model is calibrated against a unique dataset that provides the stress–strain and strain localization responses of porous andesite deformed at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 800 °C and at effective confining pressures from room pressure to 50 MPa. These mechanical and thermal conditions are representative of deep geothermal reservoirs. Finite element simulations of laboratory experiments are used to demonstrate the model’s capabilities in terms of reproducing key mechanical characteristics, including the differential stress required for the first stress drop and deformation mechanisms, across varying pressure and temperature conditions. Further validation via full-field finite element computations, simulating borehole excavation in low- to high-temperature systems, underscores the model’s predictive capabilities. In particular, the field-scale simulations demonstrate the model’s efficacy in reproducing variable forms of deformation structures and deformation modes around boreholes with capabilities to provide more information about the displacement in the borehole walls. The proposed modeling framework can be integrated into commercial numerical tools and used to facilitate the engineering of safe and cost-effective geothermal energy production and carbon geostorage, as well as numerical models designed to better understand the stability and therefore the hazard potential of volcanic structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 106383"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coalescence of a subcritical crack pair in carbonate rocks upon acidizing","authors":"Xiao-Jie Tang ,&nbsp;Si-Han Zhou ,&nbsp;Man-Man Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For chemically assisted cracking in tight low-permeable carbonate-rich reservoirs, crack growth and coalescence are driven by a complex interplay between stress redistribution, mineral dissolution, elasto-viscoplastic deformation, damage-enhanced specific surface area, and evolving permeability. Albeit that extensive research exists on crack initiation and growth, little has been found focusing on the underlying mechanism of how two adjacent cracks interact and coalesce through their tips - driven by a combined effect of chemical erosion and internal pressurization. Here we adopt a fully coupled reactive chemo-mechanical model for investigating the coalescence of the propagating plasticity zones around two adjacent crack-tips that precede the subcritical growth of the cracks. The constitutive framework captures time-dependent processes including proton diffusion, dissolution-induced stiffness degradation, damage evolution, chemical alteration of the yield limits, and micro-cracking feedback. The implemented formulation is applied to a pair of internally pressurized blunt-tip collinear cracks exposed to a weak-acidic solution. Our results show that the crack pair coalescence undergoes a multi-stage subcritical development: (i) a quasi-linear mechanically dominated initial (incubation) phase, (ii) a dissolution-enhanced softening phase once an accumulated mass-removal threshold is reached, and (iii) a secondary acceleration phase upon the onset when the two propagating plasticity zones coalesce in the ligament between the crack-tips. It is illustrated that an intensified acidity, or a higher rock susceptibility to micro-cracking, amplifies positive feedback between damage evolution and chemical dissolution, markedly enhancing crack growth. Mild intrinsic heterogeneity seeds further accelerate the process zone interaction and crack coalescence, through forming networks of orthogonal micro-deformation bands in front of the crack-tips.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 106414"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exclusion-dependent percolation threshold of non-convex pores and permeability of porous media","authors":"Wenxiang Xu ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Dingcheng Dai ,&nbsp;Jiaping Liu ,&nbsp;Jinyang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intricate morphologies of pores have great influences on the percolation threshold of pore space and even the permeability of porous media. Despite extensive efforts to numerically explore the large design space for continuum percolation models of pore space constituted by overlapping objects with rich convexities and their impacts on the permeability, there is a critical knowledge gap on our understanding of the effect of nature of non-convex pore on the percolation threshold and permeability of porous media. This missing understanding hinders the precise evaluation of sewage transport in marine and soil, the durability optimization of hydropower dam, and the fast development of oil and shale gas exploitation. In this work, we develop and validate a high-fidelity numerical description to bridge this knowledge gap. Our description contains three major powerful models. Starting from a 3D morphology reconstruction of realistic surface of non-convex pore, we propose a mathematically-controllable parameterized method to realize arbitrary-shaped pore. Accordingly, the excluded volume of non-convex pore and its dependence on non-convex morphologies are obtained using large-scale Monte Carlo simulations (LSMCs). Then, we combine LSMCs and finite-size scaling method to accurately determine the long-range percolation threshold of non-convex pore space. By analyzing 311 statistical data for the percolation threshold affected by excluded volume of convex/non-convex objects, a generic exclusion-dependent percolation threshold model is proposed that does not only demonstrate the universality of the excluded-volume theory but is capable of estimating the percolation threshold of overlapping arbitrary-shaped objects from convexity to non-convexity. We also develop a multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method to precisely capture the permeability of porous media over the entire range of porosities, specifically its non-linear saltation behavior near the percolation threshold of non-convex pore space. Altogether, these results shed fresh light on non-convex pore morphologies that dominate the excluded volume, percolation threshold and permeability. Our description illuminates the universal relationship of “excluded volume-percolation threshold-permeability” in porous media, which in turn can guide the design of geological materials and the pore-level optimization in ways previously unattainable for critical water/gas/oil-energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 106417"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic sensing of the mechanical fingerprint of reactive transport in rock","authors":"Ali Aminzadeh ,&nbsp;Prasanna Salasiya ,&nbsp;Joseph F. Labuz ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nooraiepour ,&nbsp;Bojan B. Guzina","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mineral carbon storage in rock formations has gained significant interest in recent years. In principle, changes in mechanical rock properties driven by carbon mineralization could be quantified using seismic methods, opening the door toward field monitoring of carbon storage. However, these changes may vary spatially within a rock mass when reactive transport occurs. In this vein, full-field ultrasonic characterization of reacted specimens can help shed light on the process. We use a 3D Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer to perform full-field monitoring of one-dimensional (1D) ultrasonic waves in rod-shaped sandstone specimens exposed to NaCl-rich fluid. Our initial experiments were conducted on intact sandstone specimens with high aspect ratio (<span><math><mrow><mtext>length/diameter</mtext><mo>≃</mo><mn>15</mn></mrow></math></span>) to cater for 1D axial wave propagation. To investigate the evolution of the Young’s modulus and attenuation of rock due to reactive transport, we exposed the specimens to an under-saturated NaCl solution, achieving supersaturation – and so mineralization – through evaporation. The upward movement of the fluid, supplied at the bottom of each specimen, was achieved through capillary action. We deploy an elastography-type approach to back-analysis, known as modified-error-in-constitutive-relation (MECR) approach, to expose the spatially-heterogeneous evolution of mechanical rock properties due to reactive transport. Our results consistently demonstrate (i) an approximately 30% degradation of the Young’s modulus and (ii) 7-fold increase in ultrasonic attenuation due to mineralization. To better understand the root causes of these changes, we made use of the X-ray micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy of selected cross-sections. The grain-scale information suggests that pore filling with powder-like participate is responsible for the increase in attenuation, while microcracking – observed by acoustic emission monitoring – is behind the observed damage of rock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 106404"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-method constrained stress states in the Qiabuqia geothermal field, NW China: Insights from basin-basement contrasts","authors":"Zijuan Hu ,&nbsp;Shengsheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Chongyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shian Zhang ,&nbsp;Derek Elsworth ,&nbsp;Wen Meng ,&nbsp;Xianghui Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We applied anelastic strain recovery (ASR), hydraulic fracturing (HF), and acoustic image logging to determine the full three-dimensional stress state in the Qiabuqia geothermal field, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. ASR measurements from twenty-five core samples across five boreholes in the geothermal field reveal a pronounced stress contrast between the sedimentary basin fill and the underlying granite basement. The sediments exhibit a normal faulting stress regime (S_v &gt; S_Hmax &gt; S_hmin), primarily governed by gravitational loading. In contrast, the granite basement exhibits a strike-slip regime (S_Hmax &gt; S_v &gt; S_hmin), indicating a dominant tectonic compression. Horizontal differential stress increases with depth in the sediments but decreases within the granite. We interpret these contrasts as resulting from variations in basement topography and mechanical properties between sedimentary and crystalline rocks. Acoustic image logs from borehole DR-8S indicate a mean S_Hmax orientation of approximately N47° ± 21°E, aligning with regional stress indicators derived from focal mechanisms and GPS data. Weak alteration minerals on fractures and faults may facilitate reactivation, promoting stress release and local reorientation. Our results demonstrate that the present-day stress field is controlled by northeastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau, with direct implications for the development and stability of the Qiabuqia geothermal reservoir.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 106422"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on pillar stress distribution in room-and-pillar hard rock mines using stress concentration factor based on tributary area: Bridging to pressure arch effect","authors":"Dong-Ho Yoon ,&nbsp;Jae-Joon Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes how the stress distribution in panel pillars of room-and-pillar mining systems deviates from Tributary Area Theory (TAT) under changes in key design parameters, such as overburden height, pillar array size, opening width-to-pillar width ratio, and pillar width. The Stress Concentration Factor based on Tributary Area (SCF_T) was employed to visualize the stress disturbance profile, known as the pressure arch effect, and provide a clearer understanding of load distribution while facilitating individual pillar stress calculations. Numerical analysis revealed that <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>F</mi></mrow><mi>T</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> profiles converge to stable shapes with increasing depth, and as panel width grows, central pillars exhibit <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>F</mi></mrow><mi>T</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> values closer to TAT predictions, while discrepancies persist at peripheral pillars. This observation suggests the possibility of controlled peripheral pillar trimming to enhance production without excessively increasing stress levels. Sensitivity analysis further indicated that the horizontal-to-vertical stress ratio (<em>k</em>) and pillar height, often overlooked, are critical factors for accurate stress estimation. These findings demonstrate the potential of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>F</mi></mrow><mi>T</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> as a practical tool for realistic pillar stress estimation and its applicability for optimizing room-and-pillar mining system designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 106198"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic response analysis of three-layer anchorage under radial P-wave loading: wave-function expansion for optimal thickness","authors":"Jian Ouyang ,&nbsp;Xiuzhi Shi ,&nbsp;Xianyang Qiu ,&nbsp;Chengxing Zong ,&nbsp;Zongguo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blasting-induced dynamic loads are a primary risk factor for failure in underground support structures. Based on the wave-function expansion method, this study develops a dynamic response model of a surrounding rock-anchoring agent-bolt system subjected to cylindrical P-wave incidence. A dimensionless dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) is introduced to characterize the stress within the system. The influences of blasting source frequency, impact distance, anchoring agent thickness, and material impedance mismatch on the evolution of DSCF are systematically analyzed. Parametric analyses reveal that low-frequency excitation leads to lower and more uniformly distributed DSCF. The thickness and shear modulus of the anchoring agent significantly affect the magnitude and directional distribution of DSCF. The LS-DYNA simulations validate the model's ability to capture wave propagation, interface reflections, and stress concentration, confirming that reflected shear waves govern circumferential stress and make the 90° direction most prone to tensile failure. Physical model tests further verify this trend, with higher 90° strain and stronger internal interface response, supporting the model's engineering applicability. A three-dimensional response surface is established, incorporating frequency, impedance, and thickness. Based on this surface, a quantitative optimization strategy is proposed: within the parameter space examined here, thickness ratios in the range of 1.4–1.8 reduce DSCF, combined with suitable impedance matching, can effectively minimize DSCF under multi-frequency excitation under the adopted model assumptions. This study establishes an analytical framework and validated failure mechanism for radial dynamic stress concentration, and proposes a quantifiable design criterion that enables more reliable optimization of anchorage systems under blasting loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 106416"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A microplane-enhanced quasi-bond method with a dual-mechanism fracture criterion for mixed-mode failure in rock-like materials","authors":"Wei-Tong Li ,&nbsp;Qi-Zhi Zhu ,&nbsp;Wei-Jian Li ,&nbsp;Xing-Guang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an enhanced quasi-bond method for modeling mixed-mode fracture in rock-like materials. By integrating concepts from microplane theory, the proposed approach incorporates strain decomposition and projection onto bond directions, establishing bond-level stiffness through energy equivalence with classical elasticity. The formulation accommodates arbitrary Poisson’s ratios and preserves consistency across two-dimensional/three-dimensional settings. A novel dual-mechanism fracture criterion is introduced, incorporating both a bond-breakage rule based on energy thresholds and microstress states to differentiate tensile and shear cracks, and a complementary bond-level softening model that concurrently captures tensile and shear strength degradation. To improve numerical accuracy, a smoothed strain technique synchronizes strain updates with bond failure, and a hybrid finite element/quasi-bond coupling strategy enables efficient localized fracture resolution. Validations against notched beams and multi-flawed specimens under compression demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed model in solving mixed-mode fracture in rock-like materials. Engineering-scale extensions to jointed rock slopes reveal step-path fracture network evolution governed by flaw interaction-driven coalescence patterns, advancing geohazard predictions through explicit linkage between discrete fracturing and macro-scale instability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 106396"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capturing dynamic rockburst behaviors of deep rock masses with a novel nonlocal general particle dynamic method","authors":"Jin-Hu Pan ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ping Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2026.106403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding rockburst mechanism has always been a fundamental challenge in the field of geotechnical engineering. The nonlocal methods have excellent potential to simulate fragment problems such as rockburst. However, early researches employing nonlocal methods primarily focused on the static process of rockburst, their capabilities in simulating the full dynamic fracture propagation and fragment ejection processes remain to be further explored. To reproduce the dynamic rockburst process in deep tunnel, the present work proposes a novel nonlocal general particle dynamic method. Firstly, four types of contact behaviors in rockburst are identified and a contact model based on the theorem of momentum is proposed to determine the contact force. Secondly, we establish a joint model that distinguishes the tensile, compressive and shear deformation features of bonds to characterize the joints in rock masses. Thirdly, the Holmquist-Johnson-Cook constitutive model is modified to consider the features of high pressure and high strain rate in rockburst process and to simulate the damage evolution by incorporating the critical stretch criterion and critical equivalent strain criterion. The first three examples, oedometric test, block sliding on an inclined plane and wave propagation in a one-dimensional bar with a joint, are conducted to verify the proposed numerical framework. The final three examples simulate the rockburst phenomenon induced by excavation. The numerical results obtained by the developed approach are in high agreement with the experimental results and the field observations. The several typical features in rockburst, particle spalling, particle ejection and V-shaped rockburst pit, are successfully reproduced, which demonstrate that the proposed method possesses excellent ability to model the dynamic rockburst process and can provide a theoretical basis for hazard assessment and prevention strategies in deep underground engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 106403"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of seismic potential in a depleted chalk reservoir subject to CO2 injection","authors":"M.R. Hajiabadi,&nbsp;F. Amour,&nbsp;B. Hosseinzadeh,&nbsp;A.C. Cheriki,&nbsp;H. Nick","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrmms.2025.106394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a multi-scale modelling framework to evaluate fault reactivation risks and seismic potential during CO₂ injection into a highly depleted and deformable chalk reservoir, using the Harald East field in the northern part of the Danish North Sea as a case study. A robust multi-scale Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) modeling approach is developed to bridge field- and fault-scale processes, supporting fault stability and seismic risk assessment in CO₂ storage. A field-scale coupled flow-geomechanical model is used to screen for critically-stressed faults, while fault-scale simulations investigate slip behaviour using a Mohr-Coulomb frictional model, combined with a rate-dependent frictional model to assess specific potential seismic events. THM analysis under realistic CO₂ injection scenarios reveals that faults remain stable with friction coefficients of 0.6. However, simulations with reduced initial friction coefficients (e.g., 0.27 and 0.36) indicate localized slip risks during both production and injection phases along the plane of one single fault out of a total of 30 faults analysed. As the reservoir repressurizes, the stress regime transitions from normal to reverse faulting, accompanied by a significant reorientation in principal stress. This shift of stress regime causes a progressive rise in shear stress on the fault plane as repressurization continues, resulting in higher slip tendency values and a greater likelihood of seismic reactivation. Besides, the results demonstrate the benefit of a combined field- and fault-scale approach that enhances computational efficiency by restricting detailed analyses to critical faults and critical time throughout the injection period. This work provides a framework for fault stability and seismic risk assessments, offering key insights for the safe implementation of underground CO₂ storage projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54941,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 106394"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}