Cem Gocen, Ismail Akdag, Tarlan Mahouti, Mehmet A. Belen, Merih Palandöken, Peyman Mahouti
Antenna systems with more complicated geometries have been created as a result of evolving technology and rising performance standards in the industry. The geometric complexity of modern antennas makes it difficult for circuit theory tools or parametric studies to produce adequate findings, making it difficult for designers to create the designs they want. Even though full-wave electromagnetic (EM) modeling tools are widely utilized today, they are computationally expensive for local optimization alone. In order to speed up the stages of the simulation-based design of high-performance systems, many strategies have been devised to solve and/or minimize this challenge. Thanks to their adaptability, affordable computing costs, and widespread usage, surrogate-based models have grown to be a well-known branch. Herein, an innovative knowledge-based methodology for building a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed antenna using surrogate models is presented. In this work, a knowledge-based methodology using surrogate modeling is applied as an advanced approach that combines domain-specific knowledge with surrogate models to optimize the performance of a microwave antenna in a computationally efficient manner. For this aim, firstly, a 3D-EM simulator is deployed to generate a dataset for a deep learning-based surrogate model. When compared to the conventional optimization approach using direct deployment of EM simulators which is around 47.2 h, the proposed surrogate model approach has an average cost reduction of over 50% which corresponds to a total computational time of 24.3 h. The collected results are compared to performance metrics for prototype antenna designs as well as simulated outcomes from EM simulators and counterpart works from the literature.
{"title":"Knowledge-Based Methodology of CPW-Fed Open Stub Loaded C-Shaped Microstrip Antenna by Surrogate-Based Modeling","authors":"Cem Gocen, Ismail Akdag, Tarlan Mahouti, Mehmet A. Belen, Merih Palandöken, Peyman Mahouti","doi":"10.1155/2024/6247693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6247693","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antenna systems with more complicated geometries have been created as a result of evolving technology and rising performance standards in the industry. The geometric complexity of modern antennas makes it difficult for circuit theory tools or parametric studies to produce adequate findings, making it difficult for designers to create the designs they want. Even though full-wave electromagnetic (EM) modeling tools are widely utilized today, they are computationally expensive for local optimization alone. In order to speed up the stages of the simulation-based design of high-performance systems, many strategies have been devised to solve and/or minimize this challenge. Thanks to their adaptability, affordable computing costs, and widespread usage, surrogate-based models have grown to be a well-known branch. Herein, an innovative knowledge-based methodology for building a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed antenna using surrogate models is presented. In this work, a knowledge-based methodology using surrogate modeling is applied as an advanced approach that combines domain-specific knowledge with surrogate models to optimize the performance of a microwave antenna in a computationally efficient manner. For this aim, firstly, a 3D-EM simulator is deployed to generate a dataset for a deep learning-based surrogate model. When compared to the conventional optimization approach using direct deployment of EM simulators which is around 47.2 h, the proposed surrogate model approach has an average cost reduction of over 50% which corresponds to a total computational time of 24.3 h. The collected results are compared to performance metrics for prototype antenna designs as well as simulated outcomes from EM simulators and counterpart works from the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/6247693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142021720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shailesh, Garima Srivastava, Sachin Kumar, Arpan Desai, Bhawna Goyal, Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani, Turki Alsuwian
A sixteen-port circularly polarized (CP) ultrawideband (UWB) multiple-input−multiple-output (MIMO) belt antenna is designed and developed for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The proposed antenna comprises sixteen modified octagon-like ring antenna elements with a common ground. These antenna elements are designed on leather material and can be worn as a belt. Each antenna element contains a microstrip line feed and a modified octagon-like open-ended ring radiator to generate circular polarization. The belt antenna provides an impedance bandwidth (S11 ≤ −10 dB) of 3.08–11 GHz (112.5%) and a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 4.7–7.07 GHz (40.27%). The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) amongst the resonating elements is <0.003. Additionally, the bending analysis and specific absorption rate (SAR) of the presented antenna are examined. The overall size of the belt antenna is 30 mm × 574 mm × 1 mm. The designed belt antenna is suitable for WBAN applications due to its leather material, good on-body performance, and nearly identical simulated and experimental results.
设计并开发了一种十六端口圆极化(CP)超宽带(UWB)多输入多输出(MIMO)腰带天线,用于无线体域网(WBAN)应用。拟议的天线由十六个改进的八角形环状天线元件组成,具有公共接地。这些天线元件设计在皮革材料上,可作为腰带佩戴。每个天线元件都包含一个微带线馈线和一个改进的八角形开口环形辐射器,以产生圆极化。腰带天线的阻抗带宽(S11 ≤ -10 dB)为 3.08-11 GHz(112.5%),3 dB 轴向比带宽(ARBW)为 4.7-7.07 GHz(40.27%)。谐振元件之间的包络相关系数(ECC)为 0.003。此外,还对所介绍天线的弯曲分析和比吸收率(SAR)进行了研究。腰带天线的整体尺寸为 30 mm × 574 mm × 1 mm。所设计的腰带天线采用皮革材料,具有良好的贴身性能,模拟结果与实验结果几乎完全一致,因此适用于 WBAN 应用。
{"title":"Circularly Polarized Sixteen-Port Flexible UWB MIMO Antenna Featuring Polarization Diversity for WBAN Applications","authors":"Shailesh, Garima Srivastava, Sachin Kumar, Arpan Desai, Bhawna Goyal, Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani, Turki Alsuwian","doi":"10.1155/2024/8442770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8442770","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A sixteen-port circularly polarized (CP) ultrawideband (UWB) multiple-input−multiple-output (MIMO) belt antenna is designed and developed for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The proposed antenna comprises sixteen modified octagon-like ring antenna elements with a common ground. These antenna elements are designed on leather material and can be worn as a belt. Each antenna element contains a microstrip line feed and a modified octagon-like open-ended ring radiator to generate circular polarization. The belt antenna provides an impedance bandwidth (<i>S</i><sub>11</sub> ≤ −10 dB) of 3.08–11 GHz (112.5%) and a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 4.7–7.07 GHz (40.27%). The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) amongst the resonating elements is <0.003. Additionally, the bending analysis and specific absorption rate (SAR) of the presented antenna are examined. The overall size of the belt antenna is 30 mm × 574 mm × 1 mm. The designed belt antenna is suitable for WBAN applications due to its leather material, good on-body performance, and nearly identical simulated and experimental results.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8442770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, an improved nonlinear model for gallium nitride high-electron-mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs) is proposed. Aiming at the problem of insufficient accuracy of the nonlinear DC model caused by the self-heating effect and trap effect in the traditional model, this thesis uses the Softplus function to improve the traditional nonlinear DC model and establishes a nonlinear DC model including the self-heating effect, which is verified by the three GaN HEMT devices of different sizes. The MSE of Ids is less than 2.44 × 10−6. The traditional empirical basis model needs to calculate the partial derivative of the current expression with respect to Vds, which is tedious and complicated. The proposed model can be directly used to fit the Gm. The verification results show that the MSE of the Gm is less than 1.07 × 10−4, which proves the effectiveness of the equation.
{"title":"An Improved Nonlinear I-V Model for GaN HEMTs","authors":"Qingyu Yuan, Yixin Zhang, Xiaodong Luan, Jun Zhang, Chunxu Xie, Jiali Cheng","doi":"10.1155/2024/8834864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8834864","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, an improved nonlinear model for gallium nitride high-electron-mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs) is proposed. Aiming at the problem of insufficient accuracy of the nonlinear DC model caused by the self-heating effect and trap effect in the traditional model, this thesis uses the Softplus function to improve the traditional nonlinear DC model and establishes a nonlinear DC model including the self-heating effect, which is verified by the three GaN HEMT devices of different sizes. The MSE of <i>I</i><sub>ds</sub> is less than 2.44 × 10<sup>−6</sup>. The traditional empirical basis model needs to calculate the partial derivative of the current expression with respect to <i>V</i><sub>ds</sub>, which is tedious and complicated. The proposed model can be directly used to fit the <i>G</i><sub><i>m</i></sub>. The verification results show that the MSE of the <i>G</i><sub><i>m</i></sub> is less than 1.07 × 10<sup>−4</sup>, which proves the effectiveness of the equation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8834864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the continuous development of the radar field, millimeter-wave radar target detection, as a major tool, faces important challenges in improving detection performance. Especially in some application scenarios, due to multitarget interference and other reasons, the detection performance of the traditional variability index (VI) constant false alarm rate (CFAR) (VI-CFAR) algorithm decreases significantly in the case where both side windows contain interfering targets. To solve this problem, this paper introduces an innovative algorithm, Kullback–Leibler Divergence and Otsu’s Method Enhanced VI-CFAR (KLOVI-CFAR), to better adapt to the multitarget background environment. By combining the KL scattering and Otsu method, we realize the adaptive rejection of outliers in the reference window and further automatically select the detection algorithm adapted to the processed background environment. The results of simulation experiments verify the excellent detection performance of KLOVI-CFAR in multitarget environments with interfering targets in both side windows. The algorithm not only effectively improves the detection capability and antijamming but also shows good detection performance in homogeneous environment and clutter edge cases. The research results in this paper provide a useful reference for improving the radar target detection algorithm.
{"title":"Constant False Alarm Detection Algorithm Based on KL Scattering","authors":"Chao Lv, Guozheng Li, Xun Huang, Dongqi Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/2218790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2218790","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With the continuous development of the radar field, millimeter-wave radar target detection, as a major tool, faces important challenges in improving detection performance. Especially in some application scenarios, due to multitarget interference and other reasons, the detection performance of the traditional variability index (VI) constant false alarm rate (CFAR) (VI-CFAR) algorithm decreases significantly in the case where both side windows contain interfering targets. To solve this problem, this paper introduces an innovative algorithm, Kullback–Leibler Divergence and Otsu’s Method Enhanced VI-CFAR (KLOVI-CFAR), to better adapt to the multitarget background environment. By combining the KL scattering and Otsu method, we realize the adaptive rejection of outliers in the reference window and further automatically select the detection algorithm adapted to the processed background environment. The results of simulation experiments verify the excellent detection performance of KLOVI-CFAR in multitarget environments with interfering targets in both side windows. The algorithm not only effectively improves the detection capability and antijamming but also shows good detection performance in homogeneous environment and clutter edge cases. The research results in this paper provide a useful reference for improving the radar target detection algorithm.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/2218790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multiport network model (MNM) of microstrip patch antennas is an extension of cavity model analysis. In MNM, electromagnetic fields present under and outside patch are modeled separately and the patch is considered as a planar element with multiple ports at its edges. The MNM approach was previously used for the analysis of different patches such as rectangular and circular. However, MNM analysis for irregular-shaped hexagonal patch antenna is not studied yet. Analysis of hexagonal patch antenna is required for its several advantages over other patches such as equivalent surface current distribution with less size compared to circular patch and higher bandwidth. In this work, the irregular-shaped hexagonal patch antenna is analyzed using MNM technique. The antenna is decomposed into rectangular and right-angle triangular segments. Multiport impedance (Z) matrices are calculated for all elements based on Green’s functions of corresponding shapes. Finally, the current distribution of the complete patch is obtained by connecting these elements using Z matrices. The irregular-shaped patch antenna is fabricated, and its responses are measured to verify the results obtained from MNM analysis. MNM can estimate antenna performance with ~3.5% average error with respect to simulated responses in terms of antenna performance parameters.
{"title":"Design and Analysis of Irregular Hexagonal Patch Antenna Using Multiport Network Model (MNM)","authors":"Mishor Biswas, Soham Ghosh, Suman Dey, Kaushik Patra, Bhaskar Gupta","doi":"10.1155/2024/8343100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8343100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multiport network model (MNM) of microstrip patch antennas is an extension of cavity model analysis. In MNM, electromagnetic fields present under and outside patch are modeled separately and the patch is considered as a planar element with multiple ports at its edges. The MNM approach was previously used for the analysis of different patches such as rectangular and circular. However, MNM analysis for irregular-shaped hexagonal patch antenna is not studied yet. Analysis of hexagonal patch antenna is required for its several advantages over other patches such as equivalent surface current distribution with less size compared to circular patch and higher bandwidth. In this work, the irregular-shaped hexagonal patch antenna is analyzed using MNM technique. The antenna is decomposed into rectangular and right-angle triangular segments. Multiport impedance (<i>Z</i>) matrices are calculated for all elements based on Green’s functions of corresponding shapes. Finally, the current distribution of the complete patch is obtained by connecting these elements using <i>Z</i> matrices. The irregular-shaped patch antenna is fabricated, and its responses are measured to verify the results obtained from MNM analysis. MNM can estimate antenna performance with ~3.5% average error with respect to simulated responses in terms of antenna performance parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/8343100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) using a rectenna system for 3.1 and 5.75 GHz frequencies. The antenna used in this work is a Vivaldi antenna with a new structure. Mounting the newly designed parasitic element on the proposed Vivaldi antenna has improved the gain and directivity of the antenna. The parasitic element is introduced as the director element. The arms of the director element are expanded exponentially. We simulated the proposed antenna design in CST Studio Suite and simulated the proposed rectifier in an advanced design system (ADS). The substrates chosen for the antenna and rectifier are of low-cost type. We have used the voltage doubler technique for the rectifier. Good impedance matching using two stubs has made it possible to connect the rectifier to the antenna. We obtained RF to DC measurement results for the proposed design, which are 56.3% for 3.1 GHz at 8.5 dBm input power and 33.4% for 5.75 GHz at 6.5 dBm input power, respectively. After combining the antenna and the rectifier, the maximum efficiency measured for the power input of 5 dBm at the frequency of 3.1 GHz is equal to 50.8%, which is suitable for energy harvesting.
{"title":"Mounted Director Element on Dual-Band Vivaldi Antenna for Wireless Energy Harvesting Application","authors":"Saeed Hosseini, Changiz Ghobadi, Javad Nourinia, Majid Shokri","doi":"10.1155/2024/5552790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5552790","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) using a rectenna system for 3.1 and 5.75 GHz frequencies. The antenna used in this work is a Vivaldi antenna with a new structure. Mounting the newly designed parasitic element on the proposed Vivaldi antenna has improved the gain and directivity of the antenna. The parasitic element is introduced as the director element. The arms of the director element are expanded exponentially. We simulated the proposed antenna design in CST Studio Suite and simulated the proposed rectifier in an advanced design system (ADS). The substrates chosen for the antenna and rectifier are of low-cost type. We have used the voltage doubler technique for the rectifier. Good impedance matching using two stubs has made it possible to connect the rectifier to the antenna. We obtained RF to DC measurement results for the proposed design, which are 56.3% for 3.1 GHz at 8.5 dBm input power and 33.4% for 5.75 GHz at 6.5 dBm input power, respectively. After combining the antenna and the rectifier, the maximum efficiency measured for the power input of 5 dBm at the frequency of 3.1 GHz is equal to 50.8%, which is suitable for energy harvesting.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5552790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Gao, Danyang Wang, Huilong Yu, Tao Hua, Ning Hou, Yapeng Lu
Machine learning-assisted electromagnetic simulation has become an effective acceleration tool for designing microwave components by introducing high-precision models and optimization algorithms, featuring fast design and high efficiency. However, enormous amount of data generated from the blind preliminary and computationally expensive simulation is required to predict the accuracy response. An efficient geometric parameter optimization method for microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network is proposed. Nonlinear convergence factor, adaptive weight, and Gaussian difference mutation strategies are integrated using the whale optimization algorithm to avoid the local optimum and improve optimization accuracy. Computational efficiency is improved significantly with small-scale training data. The validity and efficiency of the proposed method are confirmed by fifth-order microstrip BPFs, and the performance of the predicted structure parameters is significantly improved, which shows great promise for application in optimization and performance improvement in microwave electromagnetic simulation.
{"title":"An Efficient Geometric Parameter Optimization Method for Microstrip Bandpass Filter Based on One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Yang Gao, Danyang Wang, Huilong Yu, Tao Hua, Ning Hou, Yapeng Lu","doi":"10.1155/2024/5524054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5524054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Machine learning-assisted electromagnetic simulation has become an effective acceleration tool for designing microwave components by introducing high-precision models and optimization algorithms, featuring fast design and high efficiency. However, enormous amount of data generated from the blind preliminary and computationally expensive simulation is required to predict the accuracy response. An efficient geometric parameter optimization method for microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network is proposed. Nonlinear convergence factor, adaptive weight, and Gaussian difference mutation strategies are integrated using the whale optimization algorithm to avoid the local optimum and improve optimization accuracy. Computational efficiency is improved significantly with small-scale training data. The validity and efficiency of the proposed method are confirmed by fifth-order microstrip BPFs, and the performance of the predicted structure parameters is significantly improved, which shows great promise for application in optimization and performance improvement in microwave electromagnetic simulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/5524054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A miniaturized high-performance metasurface (MTS) antenna with cross-shaped strips is designed, which can be applied to wireless communication systems. The resonant frequency of the main mode of the proposed MTS is reduced by embedding a 2 × 2 cross-shaped strip array in the gaps of the 3 × 3 circular MTS array, resulting in a lower operating frequency and miniaturization. The main mode of the MTS and the probe mode are excited simultaneously by the L-probe structure, resulting in a dual-mode resonance for a broadband performance. The entire design mechanism of the antenna is explained analytically through characteristic mode analysis (CMA) method. Additionally, the cross-polarization levels in H-plane are effectively suppressed by a metal via positioned at the MTS center. Measured results show a wide impedance bandwidth of 32.6% (reflection coefficient ≤ −10 dB) with an MTS size of 0.44λ0 × 0.39λ0 (where λ0 is the free-space wavelength of 6.6 GHz). The achieved peak gain is 7.1 dBi, with a 2 dB gain bandwidth of 36% (5.25-7.55 GHz) and a low cross-polarization level below -20 dB.
{"title":"Miniaturized High-Performance Metasurface Antenna Embedded in Cross-Shaped Strips","authors":"Shuangde Li, Xuelan Xiong, Yuanjian Liu, Jinhong Jiang, Minyu Jiang","doi":"10.1155/2024/9944694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9944694","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A miniaturized high-performance metasurface (MTS) antenna with cross-shaped strips is designed, which can be applied to wireless communication systems. The resonant frequency of the main mode of the proposed MTS is reduced by embedding a 2 × 2 cross-shaped strip array in the gaps of the 3 × 3 circular MTS array, resulting in a lower operating frequency and miniaturization. The main mode of the MTS and the probe mode are excited simultaneously by the L-probe structure, resulting in a dual-mode resonance for a broadband performance. The entire design mechanism of the antenna is explained analytically through characteristic mode analysis (CMA) method. Additionally, the cross-polarization levels in H-plane are effectively suppressed by a metal via positioned at the MTS center. Measured results show a wide impedance bandwidth of 32.6% (reflection coefficient ≤ −10 dB) with an MTS size of 0.44<i>λ</i><sub>0</sub> × 0.39<i>λ</i><sub>0</sub> (where <i>λ</i><sub>0</sub> is the free-space wavelength of 6.6 GHz). The achieved peak gain is 7.1 dBi, with a 2 dB gain bandwidth of 36% (5.25-7.55 GHz) and a low cross-polarization level below -20 dB.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/9944694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junjie Shao, Yuehai Sang, Ren Wang, Jun Xie, Xiaolong Xu, Junjie Lang, Ziwei Zhou, Bing-Zhong Wang
Electromagnetic cloaking with monitors within waveguide plays a pivotal role in minimizing the risk of detection while intercepting sensitive information which holds immense potential in both military and communication sectors. However, the integration of electromagnetic cloaking and monitoring is challenging and even more difficult to realize in waveguide. To address these challenges, we propose a metadevice design method based on the internal multiport method (IMPM) for ensuring effective monitoring while maintaining electromagnetic cloaking in the complex environments of waveguide systems. Strategically adjusting the distribution and arrangement of auxiliary scatterers in proximity to the monitoring apparatus can flexibly regulate the behavior of electromagnetic wave propagation to enhance the cloaking performance of metadevice. The cases presented in the paper validate the designed metadevices that are capable of achieving both cloaking and monitoring for monitors within waveguide systems.
{"title":"Metadevice for Electromagnetic Cloaking With Monitors in Complex Space","authors":"Junjie Shao, Yuehai Sang, Ren Wang, Jun Xie, Xiaolong Xu, Junjie Lang, Ziwei Zhou, Bing-Zhong Wang","doi":"10.1155/2024/7826340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/7826340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electromagnetic cloaking with monitors within waveguide plays a pivotal role in minimizing the risk of detection while intercepting sensitive information which holds immense potential in both military and communication sectors. However, the integration of electromagnetic cloaking and monitoring is challenging and even more difficult to realize in waveguide. To address these challenges, we propose a metadevice design method based on the internal multiport method (IMPM) for ensuring effective monitoring while maintaining electromagnetic cloaking in the complex environments of waveguide systems. Strategically adjusting the distribution and arrangement of auxiliary scatterers in proximity to the monitoring apparatus can flexibly regulate the behavior of electromagnetic wave propagation to enhance the cloaking performance of metadevice. The cases presented in the paper validate the designed metadevices that are capable of achieving both cloaking and monitoring for monitors within waveguide systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/7826340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141730139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of a rocket-borne data transmission system is presented in this article. This data transmission system is used for Meridian Space Weather Monitoring Project II sounding rocket. The major function of this data transmission system is to transmit payload data and rocket telemetry data to ground station. The data transmission system achieves power greater than 4 W (36 dBm). The amplitude unbalance is 1.60% (0.14 dB) and the phase unbalance is 1.74°. Total power consumption of the data transmission system is less than 24 W (28 V power supply). The radiation performance of the data transmission antenna is good. Based on the actual condition of solid rocket, the relevant heat dissipation and vibration reduction measures are designed under the demand of miniaturization. The data transmission system has been tested by performance test, environmental simulation test, system integration test, and other tests; the test results show that it has good working performance, good stability, and high reliability.
本文介绍了火箭所载数据传输系统的设计。该数据传输系统用于子午线空间气象监测项目 II 探空火箭。该数据传输系统的主要功能是向地面站传输有效载荷数据和火箭遥测数据。数据传输系统的功率大于 4 W(36 dBm)。振幅不平衡度为 1.60%(0.14 dB),相位不平衡度为 1.74°。数据传输系统的总功耗小于 24 W(28 V 电源)。数据传输天线的辐射性能良好。根据固体火箭的实际情况,在小型化的要求下设计了相关的散热和减震措施。数据传输系统经过性能测试、环境模拟测试、系统集成测试等测试,测试结果表明其工作性能好、稳定性好、可靠性高。
{"title":"Design of Rocket-Borne Data Transmission System for Sounding Rocket","authors":"Ziyu Xu, Yongsheng Deng, Yifang Xie","doi":"10.1155/2024/3646911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3646911","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The design of a rocket-borne data transmission system is presented in this article. This data transmission system is used for Meridian Space Weather Monitoring Project II sounding rocket. The major function of this data transmission system is to transmit payload data and rocket telemetry data to ground station. The data transmission system achieves power greater than 4 W (36 dBm). The amplitude unbalance is 1.60% (0.14 dB) and the phase unbalance is 1.74°. Total power consumption of the data transmission system is less than 24 W (28 V power supply). The radiation performance of the data transmission antenna is good. Based on the actual condition of solid rocket, the relevant heat dissipation and vibration reduction measures are designed under the demand of miniaturization. The data transmission system has been tested by performance test, environmental simulation test, system integration test, and other tests; the test results show that it has good working performance, good stability, and high reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":54944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2024/3646911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141639466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}