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Stub Asymmetry-Enabled Self-Phase-Shift Circularly Polarized Antenna under Dual-Mode Resonance 双模共振下的存根不对称自相移圆极化天线
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3884672
Shan-Shan Gu, Wen-Jun Lu, Fei-Yan Ji, Lei Zhu

In this article, a novel design approach to wideband dual-mode resonant circularly polarized (CP) antenna is advanced. An analytical design approach with low complexity as supported by a set of closed-form formulas is presented. Thus, the wideband dual-mode CP characteristics can be forward predicted and simply realized by incorporating stub asymmetry-enabled self-phase-shift dipoles and unequal feeding branches. At first, stubs are employed to broaden the impedance bandwidth by simultaneously exciting dual resonant modes. Then, the phase quadrature and equal magnitude conditions for wideband CP can be automatically realized by incorporating unequal Y-shaped microstrip branches and asymmetric slotline stubs. Finally, the coincidence between the simulated and measured results of the fabricated prototype antenna further confirms the feasibility of the design approach. It is shown that the presented antenna can exhibit an impedance bandwidth of 20.1% and a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 16.3% in the boresight direction.

本文提出了一种新颖的宽带双模谐振圆极化(CP)天线设计方法。文章提出了一种由一组闭式公式支持的低复杂度分析设计方法。因此,宽带双模 CP 特性可以通过存根不对称自移相偶极子和不相等馈电分支进行正向预测和简单实现。首先,利用存根同时激励双谐振模式来拓宽阻抗带宽。然后,通过加入不相等的 Y 形微带分支和不对称槽线存根,自动实现了宽带 CP 的相位正交和等幅条件。最后,制作的原型天线的模拟和测量结果的吻合进一步证实了设计方法的可行性。研究表明,所提出的天线在孔径方向的阻抗带宽为 20.1%,3 dB 轴向比带宽为 16.3%。
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引用次数: 0
Frequency-Tunable SIW Band-Reject Filter with Increased Fundamental Mode Bandwidth for Spectrum Underlay Cognitive Radio 频率可调的 SIW 带抑制滤波器,可为频谱覆盖认知无线电增加基模带宽
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4303470
Sreenath Reddy Thummaluru, Rajkishor Kumar, Raghvendra Kumar Chaudhary

This paper presents the design of a frequency-tunable substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) band-reject filter, specifically for spectrum underlay cognitive radio operation. The proposed filter has a simple tuning circuit but provides a wide frequency tuning range from 2.9 to 4.4 GHz (41%). The second resonant mode has been suppressed using a simple quadrature coupling; hence, the fundamental mode bandwidth of the filter has been increased from 2.08 GHz to 3.36 GHz. Due to its wide tuning range, simple tuning circuit, and increased fundamental mode bandwidth, the proposed filter is greatly important in underlay cognitive radio construction. The second-order filter has also been developed, and its performance is analyzed with both simulation and measurement. It gives a tunable bandwidth of 41%, an insertion loss of more than 10 dB, and a fundamental mode bandwidth of 3.36 GHz. The filter performance is also analyzed after connecting it to the standard horn antenna. Finally, from the total efficiency plots, it has been concluded that the proposed filter achieves all the above advantages with a low-lossy nature.

本文介绍了一种频率可调的基底集成波导(SIW)带阻滤波器的设计,特别适用于频谱底层认知无线电操作。该滤波器的调谐电路简单,但频率调谐范围很宽,从 2.9 GHz 到 4.4 GHz(41%)。利用简单的正交耦合抑制了第二谐振模式,因此滤波器的基模带宽从 2.08 GHz 增加到 3.36 GHz。由于调谐范围宽、调谐电路简单、基模带宽增加,该滤波器在铺层认知无线电建设中具有重要意义。我们还开发了二阶滤波器,并通过仿真和测量分析了其性能。它的可调带宽为 41%,插入损耗超过 10 dB,基模带宽为 3.36 GHz。将滤波器连接到标准喇叭天线后,还对其性能进行了分析。最后,从总效率图中可以得出结论,所提出的滤波器实现了上述所有优点,并具有低损耗特性。
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引用次数: 0
Design and Tensor Impedance Analysis of 4 × 4 Isotropic Homogeneous Metasurface-Backed Slotted Dual-Layered Bio-Superstrate-Loaded MPA 4×4 各向同性均质元表面背衬开槽双层生物上层负载 MPA 的设计与张量阻抗分析
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8815739
Swarnadipto Ghosh, Samik Chakraborty, Ayona Chakraborty, Bhaskar Gupta

A 4 × 4 Isotropic Homogeneous Metasurface (IHM) backed, rectangular slotted dual-layered triband microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is proposed in this article. A detailed mathematical way to analyze the tensor surface impedance matrix (TSIM) of the proposed 4 × 4 IHM and slotted patch is demonstrated. The proposed IHM-backed MPA has a triband even-mode resonance at fr0 = 2.45 GHz, 2fr0 = 5.4 GHz, and 4fr0 = 7.7 GHz. A better and more accurate estimation of bio-superstrate loading effect for triband resonance is employed using the human skin (εr = 52.79, σs = 1.39) and blood (εr = 52.8, σs = 1.23) layer on the top of dual-layered metasurface-backed slotted MPA. TSIM characterization is observed for both blood- and skin layer-loaded dual-layered metasurface-backed slotted MPA. Chicken breast (εr = 55.2, σs = 1.49, and tanδ = 0.325) with blood (εr = 58.2, σs = 2.59, and tanδ = 0.364) is loaded onto fabricated dual-layered structure to verify numerically modeled estimation. A closed form triband, even-order resonance mode (i.e., fr0, 2fr0, and 4fr0) estimation based on dielectric superstrate thickness (Hs) is numerically established using MATLAB solver. Complete measurement setup with simulated vs. measured results is compared in this article.

本文提出了一种 4×4 各向同性均质元面(IHM)、矩形开槽双层三频微带贴片天线(MPA)。文中展示了分析所提议的 4×4 IHM 和开槽贴片的张量表面阻抗矩阵 (TSIM) 的详细数学方法。所提出的 IHM 支持 MPA 在 fr0=2.45 GHz、2fr0=5.4 GHz 和 4fr0=7.7 GHz 处具有三频偶模共振。利用双层元表面背板开槽 MPA 顶部的人体皮肤层(εr=52.79,σs=1.39)和血液层(εr=52.8,σs=1.23),可以更好、更准确地估计生物上层对三频共振的负载效应。血液层和皮肤层负载的双层元表面背板开槽 MPA 都观察到了 TSIM 特性。鸡胸肉(εr=55.2,σs=1.49,tanδ=0.325)和血液(εr=58.2,σs=2.59,tanδ=0.364)被加载到制造好的双层结构上,以验证数值模型估计。使用 MATLAB 求解器对基于介质叠层厚度(Hs)的封闭式三频偶阶共振模式(即 fr0、2fr0 和 4fr0)进行了数值估算。本文比较了完整的测量设置和模拟与测量结果。
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引用次数: 0
Thermal Characteristic Investigation for a Multichip Module Based on APDL 基于 APDL 的多芯片模块热特性研究
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2028369
Qian Lin, Peng-Fei Zhao, Rui-lan Yang, Hai-feng Wu

Aiming at the failure problems of integrated circuit (IC) caused by higher package density, thinner package, and more heat sources, taking a multichip module (MCM) for receiver front end as an example, the 3-D model is established based on ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). Then, the steady-state thermal analysis is achieved to complete the automatic calculation of thermal characteristic. As a result, the temperature, stress, and deformation are investigated in details, and its temperature distribution, stress distribution, deformation distribution, and reliability variations of this MCM under different powers and temperatures can be obtained. This can provide important theoretical reference for the chip package optimization. Different from other studies which only focus on temperature or stress, it is more comprehensive and systematic for the thermal characteristic analysis of MCM. Meanwhile, this MCM is also representative for wireless communication system. It is of great significance to optimize the layout design and improve the thermal characteristic for IC.

针对集成电路(IC)因封装密度更高、封装更薄、热源更多而导致的失效问题,以接收器前端的多芯片模块(MCM)为例,基于 ANSYS 参数设计语言(APDL)建立了三维模型。然后,实现稳态热分析,完成热特性的自动计算。通过对温度、应力和变形的详细研究,可以得到该 MCM 在不同功率和温度下的温度分布、应力分布、变形分布和可靠性变化。这可以为芯片封装优化提供重要的理论参考。与其他只关注温度或应力的研究不同,它对 MCM 的热特性分析更加全面和系统。同时,该 MCM 在无线通信系统中也具有代表性。这对优化集成电路的布局设计和改善其热特性具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Design of Cross-Coupled Bandpass Filters with Flexible Coupling via Half-Mode Substrate-Integrated Waveguide 通过半模基底集成波导设计具有灵活耦合的交叉耦合带通滤波器
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3897878
Qianwen Liu, Lei Zhu

In this article, a simple approach for achievement of flexible coupling is presented based on the half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (HMSIW). Since both electric and magnetic fields vary along the magnetic wall of the HMSIW, there exists mixed coupling between two adjacent HMSIWs. In this context, only by adjusting the width of the coupling slot at specific regions, both coupling property and strength can be conveniently controlled. Besides, as the coupling slot possesses the merits of simple structure and high flexibility, it is also expected to achieve desired couplings between multimode resonators. For demonstration, three cross-coupled bandpass filters (BPFs) with different kinds of frequency responses are constructed based on the typical cascaded trisection coupling topology by mixing one SIW and two HMSIWs, including two single-band and one dual-band designs. All measured results are highly consistent with the simulated ones, validating that the HMSIW not only has the inherent advantage of smaller size than the conventional SIW counterparts but also possesses unique feature in providing flexible coupling without extra circuit.

本文介绍了一种基于半模基底集成波导(HMSIW)实现柔性耦合的简单方法。由于电场和磁场沿 HMSIW 的磁壁变化,相邻两个 HMSIW 之间存在混合耦合。在这种情况下,只有通过调整特定区域的耦合槽宽度,才能方便地控制耦合特性和强度。此外,由于耦合槽具有结构简单、灵活性高的优点,因此也有望实现多模谐振器之间的理想耦合。为了进行演示,我们基于典型的级联三剖面耦合拓扑结构,通过混合一个 SIW 和两个 HMSIW,构建了三个具有不同频率响应的交叉耦合带通滤波器(BPF),包括两个单波段和一个双波段设计。所有测量结果与仿真结果高度一致,证明了 HMSIW 不仅具有比传统 SIW 更小的固有优势,还具有无需额外电路即可提供灵活耦合的独特功能。
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引用次数: 0
A Multifunctionality Reconfigurable HMSIW Filter by Using EBG Structure and Diodes for C/X-Band Application 利用 EBG 结构和二极管为 C/X 波段应用设计多功能可重构 HMSIW 滤波器
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9940203
Kioumars Pedram, Sanghoon Sim

This letter presents a multifunctionality reconfigurable substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) filter embedded in a microstrip line. The proposed filter used an electromagnetic bandgap structure (EBG) to compact the size and improve the electromagnetic features. The SIW filter consists of a three-cell EBG with metallic circular-shaped connected to the ground through cylindrical vias. Firstly, the base SIW structure offers a wide passband filtering response, and then, to obtain selective passband, wide band rejection, and controllable resonance frequencies, a three-cell EBG along with four diodes has been attached. The filter is designed and printed on a Rogers 4003 substrate with a thickness of 1 mm and is experimentally validated for functionalities operated at three modes with an average 3 dB bandwidth of 115 MHz in each frequency. In addition to that, two transmission zeros (TZ) have been produced in the upper band frequency. The filter’s response is also tunable by turning the diode off or on and changing the main parameters of EBG, the gab, and the position between cells. The study explores resonance frequency alterations in a three-state system of on/off. By eliminating or diminishing specific modes, and incorporating diodes, distinct resonance behaviors are observed. Moreover, shifting frequency resonance in a multiparameter system has been investigated. Increasing B1 induces a significant shift to lower values, while an increase in D1 leads to a decrease in the first and second resonance frequencies and an upward shift in the third. The designed filter has been fabricated and tested to compare and confirm simulated responses. Simulation and measurement results are in good agreement. The S-parameters of measured results gained a good response (>15 dB) within the passbands and stopbands and an insertion loss of 1.5 dB suitable for 5G and Wi-Fi systems.

本文介绍了一种嵌入微带线的多功能可重构基底集成波导(SIW)滤波器。该滤波器采用电磁带隙结构(EBG),以缩小尺寸并改善电磁特性。SIW 滤波器由三单元 EBG 组成,金属圆环形通过圆柱形通孔与地相连。首先,基本 SIW 结构提供了宽通带滤波响应,然后,为了获得选择性通带、宽带抑制和可控谐振频率,附加了一个三单元 EBG 和四个二极管。该滤波器是在厚度为 1 毫米的罗杰斯 4003 衬底上设计和印刷的,并通过实验验证了在三种模式下运行的功能,每个频率的平均 3 dB 带宽为 115 MHz。此外,在高频段频率上还产生了两个传输零点(TZ)。通过关闭或打开二极管,改变 EBG 的主要参数、Gab 和单元之间的位置,滤波器的响应也是可调的。研究探讨了开/关三态系统中共振频率的变化。通过消除或减弱特定模式以及加入二极管,观察到了不同的共振行为。此外,还研究了多参数系统中的移频共振。增加 B1 会导致频率明显偏移到较低值,而增加 D1 则会导致第一和第二共振频率降低,第三共振频率上移。对设计的滤波器进行了制造和测试,以比较和确认模拟响应。模拟和测量结果非常吻合。测量结果的 S 参数在通带和止带内获得了良好的响应(15 dB),插入损耗为 1.5 dB,适用于 5G 和 Wi-Fi 系统。
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引用次数: 0
A Collaborative Control Method of Transmission Amplitude and Phase for Transmitarray Antenna Design 用于发射阵列天线设计的发射振幅和相位协同控制方法
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6300533
Dawei Ding, Junfeng Chen, Guang Li, Hailin Hong

In this paper, a collaborative control method of transmission amplitude and phase for transmitarray antenna (TA) design is proposed. In this proposed method, one of the most popular hypersurface fitting models, Gaussian stochastic process (GP) model, is utilized to construct an accurate surrogate model. Following this implementation, a mapping relationship between structural parameters of TA unit cell and its transmission amplitude and phase is established. The most advantage of this method is its applicability for general TA designs because it is much difficult to control the amplitude and phase of unit cell independently through adjusting separate structural parameters. To verify the high efficiency of the proposed method, three TA antennas with different scanning angles are designed to obtain high sidelobe suppression level. Measured results show that the proposed collaborative control method of amplitude and phase is much promising for high sidelobe suppression level in TA designs.

本文提出了一种用于发射阵列天线(TA)设计的传输振幅和相位协同控制方法。在该方法中,利用了最流行的超曲面拟合模型之一--高斯随机过程(GP)模型来构建精确的代理模型。在此基础上,建立了 TA 单元结构参数与其传输振幅和相位之间的映射关系。这种方法的最大优点是适用于一般的 TA 设计,因为通过调整单独的结构参数来独立控制单元尺寸的振幅和相位非常困难。为了验证所提方法的高效性,我们设计了三个不同扫描角度的 TA 天线,以获得较高的侧叶抑制水平。测量结果表明,所提出的振幅和相位协同控制方法有望在 TA 设计中实现高边音抑制水平。
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引用次数: 0
A Simultaneously Transmit and Receive Antenna Terminal for In-Band Full-Duplex Applications 用于带内全双工应用的同时发射和接收天线终端
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6618418
Meenal, Amalendu Patnaik

In this paper, a low-profile co-linearly polarized simultaneously transmit-receive antenna (STRA) terminal is presented for 5G and upcoming technologies. The proposed STRA terminal comprises of an identical pair of spatially rotated half-circular microstrip antennas for transmission (Tx) and reception (Rx). The challenge of self-interference (SI) is addressed by employing passive SI cancellation techniques such as spatial diversity, field confinement, and surface perturbations. This has been accomplished by using fence-strip structure and V-shaped slots in the ground plane. The STRA was designed, fabricated, and tested for full-duplex operation in a sub-6 GHz band lying from 5.73 to 5.88 GHz, providing high interport isolation ranging from 35.5 dB to a maximum of 46.5 dB. The proposed STRA was implemented using Rogers 3003™ substrate. The measurements yield radiation characteristics with high gain of 5.45-6.0 dBi and 5-6.5 dBi for Tx and Rx antennas, respectively. The measured results are in good conformance with the simulated design. This antenna finds its potential usage in V2X and private 5G networks and can be extended for full-duplex MIMO implementations.

本文针对 5G 和即将到来的技术提出了一种低调的共线极化同时发射接收天线(STRA)终端。拟议的 STRA 终端由一对相同的空间旋转半圆微带天线组成,分别用于发射(Tx)和接收(Rx)。通过采用空间分集、场限制和表面扰动等被动自干扰(SI)消除技术,解决了自干扰(SI)的难题。通过在地平面上使用栅栏条结构和 V 形槽,实现了这一目标。设计、制造和测试的 STRA 可在 5.73 至 5.88 GHz 的 6 GHz 以下频段全双工运行,提供 35.5 dB 至最大 46.5 dB 的高端口间隔离度。使用罗杰斯 3003™ 衬底实现了拟议的 STRA。测量结果表明,Tx 和 Rx 天线的高增益辐射特性分别为 5.45-6.0 dBi 和 5-6.5 dBi。测量结果与模拟设计完全一致。这种天线可用于 V2X 和专用 5G 网络,并可扩展用于全双工 MIMO 实现。
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引用次数: 0
A Dual-Band Low SAR Microstrip Patch Antenna with Jean Substrate for WBAN Applications 一种用于 WBAN 应用的双频低 SAR 微带贴片天线(带 Jean 基底面
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5076232
Wanwisa Thaiwirot, Yotrawee Hengroemyat, Thamonwan Kaewthai, Prayoot Akkaraekthalin, Suramate Chalermwisutkul

This paper presents a low-profile dual-band microstrip patch antenna operated at the 2.45/5.8 GHz ISM bands, targeting wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a jean substrate measuring 74 × 82 mm2. The four corners of the conventional rectangular patch are cut to activate an additional operating frequency and to enhance the radiation pattern. The circular slot is added to the radiating patch to fine-tune the desired frequencies. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands is 3.68% (2.40 GHz–2.49 GHz) and 3.81% (5.67 GHz–5.89 GHz), respectively. The measured maximum gains are 3.08 dBi at 2.45 GHz and 2.15 dBi at 5.8 GHz. Moreover, the antenna’s performance when placed on flat and rounded body surfaces is also investigated. The proposed antenna achieves stable radiation pattern and low specific absorption rate (SAR) value with low complexity in design. The results indicate that the proposed antenna can be a promising candidate for WBAN applications.

本文针对无线体域网(WBAN)应用,介绍了一种工作在 2.45/5.8 GHz ISM 频段的扁平双频微带贴片天线。所提议的天线是在尺寸为 74×82 mm2 的牛仔布基板上制造的。传统矩形贴片的四个角被切割,以激活额外的工作频率并增强辐射模式。在辐射贴片上增加了圆形槽,以微调所需的频率。拟议天线在 2.45 GHz 和 5.8 GHz 频段的测量阻抗带宽分别为 3.68% (2.40 GHz-2.49 GHz)和 3.81% (5.67 GHz-5.89 GHz)。测得的最大增益在 2.45 GHz 时为 3.08 dBi,在 5.8 GHz 时为 2.15 dBi。此外,还研究了天线放置在扁平和圆形机身表面时的性能。拟议的天线实现了稳定的辐射模式和较低的比吸收率(SAR)值,且设计复杂度较低。结果表明,所提出的天线在无线局域网应用中大有可为。
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引用次数: 0
Optimally Matched 189-232 GHz 6.8 dBm Output Power CMOS Frequency Doubler 最佳匹配 189-232 GHz 6.8 dBm 输出功率 CMOS 倍频器
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9979639
Ruibing Dong, Shinsuke Hara, Mohamed H. Mubarak, Satoru Tanoi, Tatsuo Hagino, Issei Watanabe, Akifumi Kasamatsu

This paper presents the design and measurements of a 215-252 GHz 40 nm bulk CMOS frequency doubler with a 6.8 dBm deliverable peak output power and a conversion gain of 11.8 dB. The designed chip is composed of a 28.5 dB gain 6-stages 110 GHz power amplifier, an optimized push-push doubler biased in class-C configuration, and an output impedance matching network. A numerical method had been applied here for designing each implemented matching network achieving the optimum matching while maintaining the minimum insertion loss as well. The presented design shows the highest output power among the other sub-THz-designed CMOS counterparts. The design occupies an area of 0.795 mm2 and shows a total DC power dissipation of 262 mW and DC-RF efficiency of 1.87%.

本文介绍了一款 215-252 GHz 40 nm 块状 CMOS 倍频器的设计和测量结果,该倍频器的峰值输出功率为 6.8 dBm,转换增益为 11.8 dB。所设计的芯片由一个增益为 28.5 dB 的 6 级 110 GHz 功率放大器、一个偏置为 C 类配置的优化推推倍频器和一个输出阻抗匹配网络组成。在设计每个已实现的匹配网络时,都采用了数值方法,以实现最佳匹配,同时保持最小插入损耗。在其他亚千赫设计的 CMOS 同类产品中,本设计的输出功率最高。该设计所占面积为 0.795 mm2,总直流耗散功率为 262 mW,直流射频效率为 1.87%。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering
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