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Design of Cross-Coupled Bandpass Filters with Flexible Coupling via Half-Mode Substrate-Integrated Waveguide 通过半模基底集成波导设计具有灵活耦合的交叉耦合带通滤波器
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3897878
Qianwen Liu, Lei Zhu

In this article, a simple approach for achievement of flexible coupling is presented based on the half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (HMSIW). Since both electric and magnetic fields vary along the magnetic wall of the HMSIW, there exists mixed coupling between two adjacent HMSIWs. In this context, only by adjusting the width of the coupling slot at specific regions, both coupling property and strength can be conveniently controlled. Besides, as the coupling slot possesses the merits of simple structure and high flexibility, it is also expected to achieve desired couplings between multimode resonators. For demonstration, three cross-coupled bandpass filters (BPFs) with different kinds of frequency responses are constructed based on the typical cascaded trisection coupling topology by mixing one SIW and two HMSIWs, including two single-band and one dual-band designs. All measured results are highly consistent with the simulated ones, validating that the HMSIW not only has the inherent advantage of smaller size than the conventional SIW counterparts but also possesses unique feature in providing flexible coupling without extra circuit.

本文介绍了一种基于半模基底集成波导(HMSIW)实现柔性耦合的简单方法。由于电场和磁场沿 HMSIW 的磁壁变化,相邻两个 HMSIW 之间存在混合耦合。在这种情况下,只有通过调整特定区域的耦合槽宽度,才能方便地控制耦合特性和强度。此外,由于耦合槽具有结构简单、灵活性高的优点,因此也有望实现多模谐振器之间的理想耦合。为了进行演示,我们基于典型的级联三剖面耦合拓扑结构,通过混合一个 SIW 和两个 HMSIW,构建了三个具有不同频率响应的交叉耦合带通滤波器(BPF),包括两个单波段和一个双波段设计。所有测量结果与仿真结果高度一致,证明了 HMSIW 不仅具有比传统 SIW 更小的固有优势,还具有无需额外电路即可提供灵活耦合的独特功能。
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引用次数: 0
A Multifunctionality Reconfigurable HMSIW Filter by Using EBG Structure and Diodes for C/X-Band Application 利用 EBG 结构和二极管为 C/X 波段应用设计多功能可重构 HMSIW 滤波器
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9940203
Kioumars Pedram, Sanghoon Sim

This letter presents a multifunctionality reconfigurable substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) filter embedded in a microstrip line. The proposed filter used an electromagnetic bandgap structure (EBG) to compact the size and improve the electromagnetic features. The SIW filter consists of a three-cell EBG with metallic circular-shaped connected to the ground through cylindrical vias. Firstly, the base SIW structure offers a wide passband filtering response, and then, to obtain selective passband, wide band rejection, and controllable resonance frequencies, a three-cell EBG along with four diodes has been attached. The filter is designed and printed on a Rogers 4003 substrate with a thickness of 1 mm and is experimentally validated for functionalities operated at three modes with an average 3 dB bandwidth of 115 MHz in each frequency. In addition to that, two transmission zeros (TZ) have been produced in the upper band frequency. The filter’s response is also tunable by turning the diode off or on and changing the main parameters of EBG, the gab, and the position between cells. The study explores resonance frequency alterations in a three-state system of on/off. By eliminating or diminishing specific modes, and incorporating diodes, distinct resonance behaviors are observed. Moreover, shifting frequency resonance in a multiparameter system has been investigated. Increasing B1 induces a significant shift to lower values, while an increase in D1 leads to a decrease in the first and second resonance frequencies and an upward shift in the third. The designed filter has been fabricated and tested to compare and confirm simulated responses. Simulation and measurement results are in good agreement. The S-parameters of measured results gained a good response (>15 dB) within the passbands and stopbands and an insertion loss of 1.5 dB suitable for 5G and Wi-Fi systems.

本文介绍了一种嵌入微带线的多功能可重构基底集成波导(SIW)滤波器。该滤波器采用电磁带隙结构(EBG),以缩小尺寸并改善电磁特性。SIW 滤波器由三单元 EBG 组成,金属圆环形通过圆柱形通孔与地相连。首先,基本 SIW 结构提供了宽通带滤波响应,然后,为了获得选择性通带、宽带抑制和可控谐振频率,附加了一个三单元 EBG 和四个二极管。该滤波器是在厚度为 1 毫米的罗杰斯 4003 衬底上设计和印刷的,并通过实验验证了在三种模式下运行的功能,每个频率的平均 3 dB 带宽为 115 MHz。此外,在高频段频率上还产生了两个传输零点(TZ)。通过关闭或打开二极管,改变 EBG 的主要参数、Gab 和单元之间的位置,滤波器的响应也是可调的。研究探讨了开/关三态系统中共振频率的变化。通过消除或减弱特定模式以及加入二极管,观察到了不同的共振行为。此外,还研究了多参数系统中的移频共振。增加 B1 会导致频率明显偏移到较低值,而增加 D1 则会导致第一和第二共振频率降低,第三共振频率上移。对设计的滤波器进行了制造和测试,以比较和确认模拟响应。模拟和测量结果非常吻合。测量结果的 S 参数在通带和止带内获得了良好的响应(15 dB),插入损耗为 1.5 dB,适用于 5G 和 Wi-Fi 系统。
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引用次数: 0
A Collaborative Control Method of Transmission Amplitude and Phase for Transmitarray Antenna Design 用于发射阵列天线设计的发射振幅和相位协同控制方法
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6300533
Dawei Ding, Junfeng Chen, Guang Li, Hailin Hong

In this paper, a collaborative control method of transmission amplitude and phase for transmitarray antenna (TA) design is proposed. In this proposed method, one of the most popular hypersurface fitting models, Gaussian stochastic process (GP) model, is utilized to construct an accurate surrogate model. Following this implementation, a mapping relationship between structural parameters of TA unit cell and its transmission amplitude and phase is established. The most advantage of this method is its applicability for general TA designs because it is much difficult to control the amplitude and phase of unit cell independently through adjusting separate structural parameters. To verify the high efficiency of the proposed method, three TA antennas with different scanning angles are designed to obtain high sidelobe suppression level. Measured results show that the proposed collaborative control method of amplitude and phase is much promising for high sidelobe suppression level in TA designs.

本文提出了一种用于发射阵列天线(TA)设计的传输振幅和相位协同控制方法。在该方法中,利用了最流行的超曲面拟合模型之一--高斯随机过程(GP)模型来构建精确的代理模型。在此基础上,建立了 TA 单元结构参数与其传输振幅和相位之间的映射关系。这种方法的最大优点是适用于一般的 TA 设计,因为通过调整单独的结构参数来独立控制单元尺寸的振幅和相位非常困难。为了验证所提方法的高效性,我们设计了三个不同扫描角度的 TA 天线,以获得较高的侧叶抑制水平。测量结果表明,所提出的振幅和相位协同控制方法有望在 TA 设计中实现高边音抑制水平。
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引用次数: 0
A Simultaneously Transmit and Receive Antenna Terminal for In-Band Full-Duplex Applications 用于带内全双工应用的同时发射和接收天线终端
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6618418
Meenal, Amalendu Patnaik

In this paper, a low-profile co-linearly polarized simultaneously transmit-receive antenna (STRA) terminal is presented for 5G and upcoming technologies. The proposed STRA terminal comprises of an identical pair of spatially rotated half-circular microstrip antennas for transmission (Tx) and reception (Rx). The challenge of self-interference (SI) is addressed by employing passive SI cancellation techniques such as spatial diversity, field confinement, and surface perturbations. This has been accomplished by using fence-strip structure and V-shaped slots in the ground plane. The STRA was designed, fabricated, and tested for full-duplex operation in a sub-6 GHz band lying from 5.73 to 5.88 GHz, providing high interport isolation ranging from 35.5 dB to a maximum of 46.5 dB. The proposed STRA was implemented using Rogers 3003™ substrate. The measurements yield radiation characteristics with high gain of 5.45-6.0 dBi and 5-6.5 dBi for Tx and Rx antennas, respectively. The measured results are in good conformance with the simulated design. This antenna finds its potential usage in V2X and private 5G networks and can be extended for full-duplex MIMO implementations.

本文针对 5G 和即将到来的技术提出了一种低调的共线极化同时发射接收天线(STRA)终端。拟议的 STRA 终端由一对相同的空间旋转半圆微带天线组成,分别用于发射(Tx)和接收(Rx)。通过采用空间分集、场限制和表面扰动等被动自干扰(SI)消除技术,解决了自干扰(SI)的难题。通过在地平面上使用栅栏条结构和 V 形槽,实现了这一目标。设计、制造和测试的 STRA 可在 5.73 至 5.88 GHz 的 6 GHz 以下频段全双工运行,提供 35.5 dB 至最大 46.5 dB 的高端口间隔离度。使用罗杰斯 3003™ 衬底实现了拟议的 STRA。测量结果表明,Tx 和 Rx 天线的高增益辐射特性分别为 5.45-6.0 dBi 和 5-6.5 dBi。测量结果与模拟设计完全一致。这种天线可用于 V2X 和专用 5G 网络,并可扩展用于全双工 MIMO 实现。
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引用次数: 0
A Dual-Band Low SAR Microstrip Patch Antenna with Jean Substrate for WBAN Applications 一种用于 WBAN 应用的双频低 SAR 微带贴片天线(带 Jean 基底面
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-03-23 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5076232
Wanwisa Thaiwirot, Yotrawee Hengroemyat, Thamonwan Kaewthai, Prayoot Akkaraekthalin, Suramate Chalermwisutkul

This paper presents a low-profile dual-band microstrip patch antenna operated at the 2.45/5.8 GHz ISM bands, targeting wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a jean substrate measuring 74 × 82 mm2. The four corners of the conventional rectangular patch are cut to activate an additional operating frequency and to enhance the radiation pattern. The circular slot is added to the radiating patch to fine-tune the desired frequencies. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands is 3.68% (2.40 GHz–2.49 GHz) and 3.81% (5.67 GHz–5.89 GHz), respectively. The measured maximum gains are 3.08 dBi at 2.45 GHz and 2.15 dBi at 5.8 GHz. Moreover, the antenna’s performance when placed on flat and rounded body surfaces is also investigated. The proposed antenna achieves stable radiation pattern and low specific absorption rate (SAR) value with low complexity in design. The results indicate that the proposed antenna can be a promising candidate for WBAN applications.

本文针对无线体域网(WBAN)应用,介绍了一种工作在 2.45/5.8 GHz ISM 频段的扁平双频微带贴片天线。所提议的天线是在尺寸为 74×82 mm2 的牛仔布基板上制造的。传统矩形贴片的四个角被切割,以激活额外的工作频率并增强辐射模式。在辐射贴片上增加了圆形槽,以微调所需的频率。拟议天线在 2.45 GHz 和 5.8 GHz 频段的测量阻抗带宽分别为 3.68% (2.40 GHz-2.49 GHz)和 3.81% (5.67 GHz-5.89 GHz)。测得的最大增益在 2.45 GHz 时为 3.08 dBi,在 5.8 GHz 时为 2.15 dBi。此外,还研究了天线放置在扁平和圆形机身表面时的性能。拟议的天线实现了稳定的辐射模式和较低的比吸收率(SAR)值,且设计复杂度较低。结果表明,所提出的天线在无线局域网应用中大有可为。
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引用次数: 0
Optimally Matched 189-232 GHz 6.8 dBm Output Power CMOS Frequency Doubler 最佳匹配 189-232 GHz 6.8 dBm 输出功率 CMOS 倍频器
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9979639
Ruibing Dong, Shinsuke Hara, Mohamed H. Mubarak, Satoru Tanoi, Tatsuo Hagino, Issei Watanabe, Akifumi Kasamatsu

This paper presents the design and measurements of a 215-252 GHz 40 nm bulk CMOS frequency doubler with a 6.8 dBm deliverable peak output power and a conversion gain of 11.8 dB. The designed chip is composed of a 28.5 dB gain 6-stages 110 GHz power amplifier, an optimized push-push doubler biased in class-C configuration, and an output impedance matching network. A numerical method had been applied here for designing each implemented matching network achieving the optimum matching while maintaining the minimum insertion loss as well. The presented design shows the highest output power among the other sub-THz-designed CMOS counterparts. The design occupies an area of 0.795 mm2 and shows a total DC power dissipation of 262 mW and DC-RF efficiency of 1.87%.

本文介绍了一款 215-252 GHz 40 nm 块状 CMOS 倍频器的设计和测量结果,该倍频器的峰值输出功率为 6.8 dBm,转换增益为 11.8 dB。所设计的芯片由一个增益为 28.5 dB 的 6 级 110 GHz 功率放大器、一个偏置为 C 类配置的优化推推倍频器和一个输出阻抗匹配网络组成。在设计每个已实现的匹配网络时,都采用了数值方法,以实现最佳匹配,同时保持最小插入损耗。在其他亚千赫设计的 CMOS 同类产品中,本设计的输出功率最高。该设计所占面积为 0.795 mm2,总直流耗散功率为 262 mW,直流射频效率为 1.87%。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis and Design of a High Gain Multiband Antenna Based on Metamaterials for RFID Applications 基于超材料的射频识别应用高增益多频带天线的分析与设计
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8948916
Mahdi Abdelkarim, Ali Gharsallah, Rihab Faouel

In this research work, the design of a dipole antenna based on metamaterials is proposed, which can be used as a high gain multiband communication device for RFID applications. This antenna is printed on two sides of an Arlon substrate, which has an overall electrical dimension of 0.39 λ0 × 0.11 λ0 × 0.0014 λ0. The metamaterials are used to obtain a multiband antenna, and their integration technique into the antenna results in a high gain compared to a conventional antenna without any magnification or additional layer. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna can operate at 0.88-0.97 GHz, 2.41-2.48 GHz, and 5.77-5.91 GHz with a reflection coefficient of less than −10 dB, which make it well suited for RFID at 860-960 MHz and 2.4 GHz/5.8 GHz. All these resonant frequencies show better impedance matching with high gain. The proposed antenna has the advantages of simple design, low profile, easy feeding, low manufacturing cost, and easy integration into the electronic circuit.

在这项研究工作中,提出了一种基于超材料的偶极子天线设计方案,它可用作射频识别应用中的高增益多频带通信设备。该天线印制在 Arlon 衬底的两面,其整体电气尺寸为 0.39 λ0×0.11 λ0×0.0014 λ0。超材料被用于获得多频带天线,与没有任何放大或附加层的传统天线相比,超材料与天线的集成技术带来了高增益。模拟和测量结果表明,拟议的天线可在 0.88-0.97 GHz、2.41-2.48 GHz 和 5.77-5.91 GHz 频率下工作,反射系数小于 -10 dB,非常适合 860-960 MHz 和 2.4 GHz/5.8 GHz 频率下的 RFID。所有这些谐振频率都显示出较好的阻抗匹配和较高的增益。拟议的天线具有设计简单、外形小巧、易于馈电、制造成本低以及易于集成到电子电路中等优点。
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引用次数: 0
A Lumped-Element Directional Coupler for Bandwidth Enhancement, Impedance Matching, and Harmonic Suppressions 用于带宽增强、阻抗匹配和谐波抑制的集块元件定向耦合器
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6662753
Murong Zhuo

This paper presents a lumped-element wideband directional coupler that enables arbitrary impedance matching and harmonic suppressions from 2f0. The coupler consists of four filtering networks (FNs) and an asymmetric branch-line hybrid serving as the matching network. The use of lumped-element topology helps reduce circuit size and improve harmonic suppressions. Each FN, composed of two lumped-element resonators, contributes two additional transmission poles, enabling bandwidth scaling, bandwidth enhancement, and harmonic suppressions. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design, a wideband coupler with various terminal impedances operating at 0.5 GHz is designed, simulated, and fabricated. The measured size is , the fractional bandwidth for –14.3 dB return loss is 46%, and the harmonic suppression is more than –30 dB from 0.69 to 4.5 GHz.

本文介绍了一种可实现任意阻抗匹配和 2f0 以上谐波抑制的块状元件宽带定向耦合器。该耦合器由四个滤波网络(FN)和一个作为匹配网络的非对称支线混合网络组成。采用块状元件拓扑结构有助于减小电路尺寸,提高谐波抑制能力。每个 FN 由两个叠加元件谐振器组成,可提供两个额外的传输极点,从而实现带宽扩展、带宽增强和谐波抑制。为了证明拟议设计的有效性,我们设计、模拟并制造了一个工作频率为 0.5 GHz、具有各种终端阻抗的宽带耦合器。测量尺寸为 0.039×0.039 λg2,-14.3 dB 回损的分数带宽为 46%,从 0.69 到 4.5 GHz 的谐波抑制超过 -30 dB。
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引用次数: 0
Implanted Rhombus Ring Partial Inset-Fed Circularly Polarized Microstrip Monopole Antenna for WBAN Applications 用于 WBAN 应用的植入式菱形环部分内嵌馈电圆极化微带单极天线
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2555206
Mohamed Njianga Yende, Ghanshyam Singh, Guy Ayissi Eyebe, Clement Mbinack, Joseph Mebara Mbida

In the present article, a design approach to accomplish circular polarization-based rhombus ring microstrip-fed monopole antenna working at 5.8 GHz for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications is proposed. The input impedance calculation using an electromagnetic theory of transmission line in a travelling wave coupled to the parallel-plate inductor model is conducted. Radiated electric field pattern calculation of the conventional square ring microstrip patch antenna (MSPA) using Biot and Savart’s law is reported. The circular polarization of the proposed antenna is accomplished by loading the radiating path with a capacitive element sectioned in the neighbourhood of the feed line. The proposed planar monopole antenna of volume 0.38λ0 × 0.38λ0 × 0.029λ0 (λ0 is evaluated at the resonant frequency of 5.8 GHz) achieves a -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 86.20% in the band (3-8 GHz) with a stable real gain of 8.29 dBic in circular polarization at the resonant frequency of 5.8 GHz and axial ration bandwidth of about 32.75% in the (5-6.9 GHz) band. Specific absorption rate (SAR) evaluation of the studied antenna is computed numerically on a part of the human phantom model to justify its use in WBAN applications. It is noted that the maximum amount of radiation absorbed by a part of the human phantom model is limited to a maximum SAR value of 1.45 W/kg and 0.754 W/kg on 1 g and 10 g of tissue mass, respectively. The prospective design has been fabricated and tested, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation outcomes.

本文提出了一种基于圆极化的菱形环微带馈电单极子天线的设计方法,其工作频率为 5.8 GHz,适用于无线体域网(WBAN)应用。利用与平行板电感器模型耦合的行波传输线电磁理论进行了输入阻抗计算。报告还使用 Biot 和 Savart 定律计算了传统方环微带贴片天线(MSPA)的辐射电场模式。通过在辐射路径上加载馈线附近的电容元件,实现了拟议天线的圆极化。拟议的平面单极子天线体积为 0.38λ0×0.38λ0×0.029λ0(λ0 在谐振频率 5.8 GHz 时进行评估),在谐振频率 5.8 GHz 时,在圆极化状态下的-10 dB 阻抗带宽为 86.20%,轴向配比带宽约为 32.75%。所研究天线的比吸收率(SAR)评估是在人体模型的一部分上进行数值计算的,以证明其在 WBAN 应用中的合理性。结果表明,人体模型的一部分吸收的最大辐射量被限制在最大 SAR 值 1.45 W/kg 和 0.754 W/kg,分别为 1 g 和 10 g 组织质量。前瞻性设计已经制作完成并进行了测试,实验结果与模拟结果十分吻合。
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引用次数: 0
Implanted Rhombus Ring Partial Inset-Fed Circularly Polarized Microstrip Monopole Antenna for WBAN Applications 用于 WBAN 应用的植入式菱形环部分内嵌馈电圆极化微带单极天线
IF 1.7 4区 工程技术 Q2 Computer Science Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2555206
Mohamed Njianga Yende, Ghanshyam Singh, G. A. Eyebe, Clément Mbinack, Joseph Mebara Mbida
In the present article, a design approach to accomplish circular polarization-based rhombus ring microstrip-fed monopole antenna working at 5.8 GHz for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications is proposed. The input impedance calculation using an electromagnetic theory of transmission line in a travelling wave coupled to the parallel-plate inductor model is conducted. Radiated electric field pattern calculation of the conventional square ring microstrip patch antenna (MSPA) using Biot and Savart’s law is reported. The circular polarization of the proposed antenna is accomplished by loading the radiating path with a capacitive element sectioned in the neighbourhood of the feed line. The proposed planar monopole antenna of volume 0.38λ0×0.38λ0×0.029λ0 (λ0 is evaluated at the resonant frequency of 5.8 GHz) achieves a -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 86.20% in the band (3-8 GHz) with a stable real gain of 8.29 dBic in circular polarization at the resonant frequency of 5.8 GHz and axial ration bandwidth of about 32.75% in the (5-6.9 GHz) band. Specific absorption rate (SAR) evaluation of the studied antenna is computed numerically on a part of the human phantom model to justify its use in WBAN applications. It is noted that the maximum amount of radiation absorbed by a part of the human phantom model is limited to a maximum SAR value of 1.45 W/kg and 0.754 W/kg on 1 g and 10 g of tissue mass, respectively. The prospective design has been fabricated and tested, and the experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation outcomes.
本文提出了一种基于圆极化的菱形环微带馈电单极子天线的设计方法,其工作频率为 5.8 GHz,适用于无线体域网(WBAN)应用。利用与平行板电感器模型耦合的行波传输线电磁理论进行了输入阻抗计算。报告还使用 Biot 和 Savart 定律计算了传统方环微带贴片天线(MSPA)的辐射电场模式。通过在辐射路径上加载馈线附近的电容元件,实现了拟议天线的圆极化。拟议的平面单极子天线体积为 0.38λ0×0.38λ0×0.029λ0(λ0 在谐振频率 5.8 GHz 时进行评估),在谐振频率 5.8 GHz 时,在圆极化状态下的-10 dB 阻抗带宽为 86.20%,轴向配比带宽约为 32.75%。所研究天线的比吸收率(SAR)评估是在人体模型的一部分上进行数值计算的,以证明其在 WBAN 应用中的合理性。结果表明,人体模型的一部分吸收的最大辐射量被限制在最大 SAR 值 1.45 W/kg 和 0.754 W/kg,分别为 1 g 和 10 g 组织质量。前瞻性设计已经制作完成并进行了测试,实验结果与模拟结果十分吻合。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering
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