Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2024.3421709
{"title":"IEEE Open Access Publishing","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3421709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2024.3421709","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"66 4","pages":"1303-1303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10637784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1109/temc.2024.3439468
Hamideh Esmaeili, Cheng Yang, Christian Schuster
{"title":"Efficient Iterative Data Generation Using Evaluation of Prioritized Input Parameters in ANNs for SAR Prediction in Human Head Models at 13.56 MHz","authors":"Hamideh Esmaeili, Cheng Yang, Christian Schuster","doi":"10.1109/temc.2024.3439468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.2024.3439468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2024.3436577
Markeljan Fishta;Erica Raviola;Franco Fiori
Effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters are required by switching converters to comply with conducted emission regulations. However, these filters often pose significant challenges, being expensive, bulky, and heavy. Such an issue is further aggravated with the latest generation of wide band gap (WBG)-based power converters. Reduction of the filter size can be achieved through conducted EMI mitigation techniques that address emissions at the source, particularly at low frequencies. Spread-spectrum modulation (SSM) has gained increasing interest to mitigate EMI, as it does not require any hardware alterations. This article investigates the effectiveness of the SSM in case of WBG traction inverters, where the switching frequency remains in the tens of kilohertz. In addition, the use of an additional switching leg to reduce the EMI was also investigated. A comparative analysis of these two techniques and their effectiveness in the common mode (CM) conducted EMI suppression is carried out. Experimental results are provided demonstrating the feasible CM conducted EMI reduction. It was found that the EMI peak at 160 kHz decreased by 2 dB in the SSM case and by 25 dB in the additional leg case.
{"title":"EMI Reduction at the Source in WBG Inverters: A Comparative Study of Spread-Spectrum Modulation and Auxiliary Switching Leg Techniques","authors":"Markeljan Fishta;Erica Raviola;Franco Fiori","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3436577","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3436577","url":null,"abstract":"Effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters are required by switching converters to comply with conducted emission regulations. However, these filters often pose significant challenges, being expensive, bulky, and heavy. Such an issue is further aggravated with the latest generation of wide band gap (WBG)-based power converters. Reduction of the filter size can be achieved through conducted EMI mitigation techniques that address emissions at the source, particularly at low frequencies. Spread-spectrum modulation (SSM) has gained increasing interest to mitigate EMI, as it does not require any hardware alterations. This article investigates the effectiveness of the SSM in case of WBG traction inverters, where the switching frequency remains in the tens of kilohertz. In addition, the use of an additional switching leg to reduce the EMI was also investigated. A comparative analysis of these two techniques and their effectiveness in the common mode (CM) conducted EMI suppression is carried out. Experimental results are provided demonstrating the feasible CM conducted EMI reduction. It was found that the EMI peak at 160 kHz decreased by 2 dB in the SSM case and by 25 dB in the additional leg case.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"66 5","pages":"1412-1419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2024.3436933
Haiyang Gao;Wentao Zhang;Yongxiang Xu;Jibin Zou
Two-level three-phase voltage-source inverters are widely used in permanent magnet synchronous motor-drive systems. Using pulsewidth modulation (PWM) for control will generate a common-mode voltage (CMV), which acts on the stray capacitance of the motor to ground and generates common-mode leakage current, increasing the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). In this regard, this article proposes an improved vector sequence PWM that suppresses the amplitude of the CMV while reducing the conducted EMI caused by PWM without increasing system volume and cost. The vector action sequence and PWM waveforms of the proposed strategy within each sector are presented. The high-frequency harmonics of the CMV generated by the proposed strategy and the impact of deadtime on the proposed strategy have been analyzed. The switching loss of the proposed strategy has been calculated. Compared with other modulation strategies, the proposed improved vector sequence PWM can effectively reduce the conducted EMI. The experimental results have been provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in suppressing CMV amplitude and conducted EMI.
{"title":"Improved Vector Sequence Modulation Strategy for Suppressing Conducted EMI in Three-Phase PMSMs","authors":"Haiyang Gao;Wentao Zhang;Yongxiang Xu;Jibin Zou","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3436933","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3436933","url":null,"abstract":"Two-level three-phase voltage-source inverters are widely used in permanent magnet synchronous motor-drive systems. Using pulsewidth modulation (PWM) for control will generate a common-mode voltage (CMV), which acts on the stray capacitance of the motor to ground and generates common-mode leakage current, increasing the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). In this regard, this article proposes an improved vector sequence PWM that suppresses the amplitude of the CMV while reducing the conducted EMI caused by PWM without increasing system volume and cost. The vector action sequence and PWM waveforms of the proposed strategy within each sector are presented. The high-frequency harmonics of the CMV generated by the proposed strategy and the impact of deadtime on the proposed strategy have been analyzed. The switching loss of the proposed strategy has been calculated. Compared with other modulation strategies, the proposed improved vector sequence PWM can effectively reduce the conducted EMI. The experimental results have been provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in suppressing CMV amplitude and conducted EMI.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"66 5","pages":"1399-1411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The reverberation chamber (RC) has been proven to be a powerful technique to determine the antenna efficiency. This letter focuses on the RC-based reference antenna method (RAM). Since the broadband wireless channel within the RC is frequency selective, the statistical behavior of the RAM in cases of frequency stirring (FS) is different from the other cases. However, the differences caused by the FS effects have been overlooked in the existing literatures. In this work, a statistical model of the RAM involving with FS is established and verified by measurements. It is found that the proposed model provides an accurate estimation of the statistics of the RAM regardless of the FS bandwidth, indicating that the FS effects are fully considered. The findings of this work not only provide rigorous analyses of the statistics of the RAM but also allow accurate determinations of FS parameters.
{"title":"Frequency Stirring Effects on Reference Antenna Efficiency Measurements in Reverberation Chambers","authors":"Wei Xue;Yichao Yang;Siying Meng;Yan Yang;Tian Gao;Xiaoming Chen","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3436704","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3436704","url":null,"abstract":"The reverberation chamber (RC) has been proven to be a powerful technique to determine the antenna efficiency. This letter focuses on the RC-based reference antenna method (RAM). Since the broadband wireless channel within the RC is frequency selective, the statistical behavior of the RAM in cases of frequency stirring (FS) is different from the other cases. However, the differences caused by the FS effects have been overlooked in the existing literatures. In this work, a statistical model of the RAM involving with FS is established and verified by measurements. It is found that the proposed model provides an accurate estimation of the statistics of the RAM regardless of the FS bandwidth, indicating that the FS effects are fully considered. The findings of this work not only provide rigorous analyses of the statistics of the RAM but also allow accurate determinations of FS parameters.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"66 5","pages":"1692-1695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article addresses the critical need to reduce grounding impedance for the protection of both individuals and electrical equipment under normal and faulty conditions. While numerous techniques exist for low-frequency applications, challenges arise at higher frequencies due to the inductive behavior inherent in grounding systems. The efficacy of low resistivity material as a solution to decrease grounding impedance at high frequencies is investigated. Through experimental studies using vertical ground electrodes with varied lengths and some backfilled with a commercial conductive aggregate compound, grounding impedance is analyzed across the frequency range between 10 Hz and 10 MHz. A considerable reduction in grounding impedance is achieved. Based on these findings and other published results, practical insights for designing effective grounding systems are derived, where alternative arrangements are proposed, exhibiting promising results for further enhancing high-frequency performance.
{"title":"On the High Frequency Performance of Vertical Ground Electrodes and LRM Application","authors":"Omar Kherif;Stephen Robson;Huw Griffiths;Noureddine Harid;David Thorpe;Abderrahmane Haddad","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3435788","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3435788","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the critical need to reduce grounding impedance for the protection of both individuals and electrical equipment under normal and faulty conditions. While numerous techniques exist for low-frequency applications, challenges arise at higher frequencies due to the inductive behavior inherent in grounding systems. The efficacy of low resistivity material as a solution to decrease grounding impedance at high frequencies is investigated. Through experimental studies using vertical ground electrodes with varied lengths and some backfilled with a commercial conductive aggregate compound, grounding impedance is analyzed across the frequency range between 10 Hz and 10 MHz. A considerable reduction in grounding impedance is achieved. Based on these findings and other published results, practical insights for designing effective grounding systems are derived, where alternative arrangements are proposed, exhibiting promising results for further enhancing high-frequency performance.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"66 5","pages":"1655-1664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents a subcell method for modeling electrically thin dielectric material sheets with thin-wire nets in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We improved the thin-sheet subcell method to model not only a thin magnetic and electric sheet including loss, but also a thin material with some thin-wire nets. The FDTD results were first compared with the transmission line theory method results in modeling electromagnetic propagating through an infinite material sheet. Then, the proposed subcell model is used to model a metallic enclosure with a thin dielectric window. With these formulas, the proposed FDTD algorithm is applied to analyze the shielding effectiveness of some conductive enclosures with an observation window consisting of thin-weir nets in the presence of a high-power electromagnetic pulse with arbitrary polarization.
{"title":"The Efficient Modeling Method of Thin-Sheet Window With Thin-Wire Nets in the Metallic Enclosures Illuminated by an Electromagnetic Pulse","authors":"Qi-Feng Liu;Wan-Hu Wang;Xin Wang;Han Xiong;Xin Wang;Xue-Gui Zhu","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3431215","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3431215","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a subcell method for modeling electrically thin dielectric material sheets with thin-wire nets in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We improved the thin-sheet subcell method to model not only a thin magnetic and electric sheet including loss, but also a thin material with some thin-wire nets. The FDTD results were first compared with the transmission line theory method results in modeling electromagnetic propagating through an infinite material sheet. Then, the proposed subcell model is used to model a metallic enclosure with a thin dielectric window. With these formulas, the proposed FDTD algorithm is applied to analyze the shielding effectiveness of some conductive enclosures with an observation window consisting of thin-weir nets in the presence of a high-power electromagnetic pulse with arbitrary polarization.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"66 5","pages":"1596-1609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In most practical electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems, the intricate nature of both EMI source and victim structure often renders direct modeling unfeasible. To address this challenge, this article introduces an innovative EMI estimation method based on hybrid equivalent models. This approach involves the extraction of equivalent dipoles model for EMI source and equivalent circuit model for victim device. To establish the equivalent dipole model for the EMI source, near-field scanning is employed to obtain the phaseless near-field. Subsequently, the dynamic differential evolution method is utilized to derive the equivalent dipole model based on the acquired near-field amplitudes. For the victim's device, a specialized fixture is designed and the de-embedding method is applied to obtain the equivalent S -parameter model. Incorporating the two equivalent models into a hybrid field-circuit simulation enables an effective estimation of EMI coupling between the EMI source and victim. The efficacy of the proposed method is substantiated through rigorous validation exercises involving numerical simulations and physical measurements, including various EMI sources and victim devices.
{"title":"Electromagnetic Coupling Estimation Based on Hybrid Equivalent Dipoles and Field-Circuit Models","authors":"Yu Tian;Qi-Han Xiao;Xing-Chang Wei;Si-Yao Tang;Tian-Hao Song;Richard Xian-Ke Gao","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3431914","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2024.3431914","url":null,"abstract":"In most practical electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems, the intricate nature of both EMI source and victim structure often renders direct modeling unfeasible. To address this challenge, this article introduces an innovative EMI estimation method based on hybrid equivalent models. This approach involves the extraction of equivalent dipoles model for EMI source and equivalent circuit model for victim device. To establish the equivalent dipole model for the EMI source, near-field scanning is employed to obtain the phaseless near-field. Subsequently, the dynamic differential evolution method is utilized to derive the equivalent dipole model based on the acquired near-field amplitudes. For the victim's device, a specialized fixture is designed and the de-embedding method is applied to obtain the equivalent \u0000<italic>S</i>\u0000-parameter model. Incorporating the two equivalent models into a hybrid field-circuit simulation enables an effective estimation of EMI coupling between the EMI source and victim. The efficacy of the proposed method is substantiated through rigorous validation exercises involving numerical simulations and physical measurements, including various EMI sources and victim devices.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"66 5","pages":"1577-1584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：