High-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) poses a serious threat to critical equipment in power systems. Existing standard conducted environments, due to neglecting the transient response characteristics of actual lines, are difficult to accurately guide the effect testing and survivability assessment of power equipment. To address this issue, this article systematically investigates the transient conducted environment characteristics of transmission and distribution lines under HEMP by constructing a comprehensive simulation model that includes insulator flashover, surge arrester operation, and the broadband equivalent circuit of distribution transformers, combined with the finite difference-time domain (FDTD) field-line coupling algorithm and the Simulink simulation platform. The results show that: insulator flashover significantly limits the amplitude of conducted voltage, but retains the nanosecond-level rising edge characteristics; surge arresters cause waveform overshoot due to parasitic parameters; the waveform parameters of the distribution transformer port voltage are influenced by factors such as the angle of incidence and ground conductivity, with typical characteristics being a double exponential pulse with a rise time of 20 ns, a half-width of 500 ns, and a peak value of 440 kV; the conducted environment model established based on the actual transient response of the lines can provide input conditions that are closer to engineering scenarios for vulnerability assessment tests of power equipment. The research results overcome the scenario limitations of traditional standard conducted environments and provide theoretical support and a data foundation for HEMP effect threshold extraction and protection design of power systems.
{"title":"Port Conducted HEMP Environment of Distribution Transformers Considering Transient Response of Power Lines","authors":"Feng Qin;Xutong Wang;Congguang Mao;Zhitong Cui;Wei Chen","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2025.3593603","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2025.3593603","url":null,"abstract":"High-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) poses a serious threat to critical equipment in power systems. Existing standard conducted environments, due to neglecting the transient response characteristics of actual lines, are difficult to accurately guide the effect testing and survivability assessment of power equipment. To address this issue, this article systematically investigates the transient conducted environment characteristics of transmission and distribution lines under HEMP by constructing a comprehensive simulation model that includes insulator flashover, surge arrester operation, and the broadband equivalent circuit of distribution transformers, combined with the finite difference-time domain (FDTD) field-line coupling algorithm and the Simulink simulation platform. The results show that: insulator flashover significantly limits the amplitude of conducted voltage, but retains the nanosecond-level rising edge characteristics; surge arresters cause waveform overshoot due to parasitic parameters; the waveform parameters of the distribution transformer port voltage are influenced by factors such as the angle of incidence and ground conductivity, with typical characteristics being a double exponential pulse with a rise time of 20 ns, a half-width of 500 ns, and a peak value of 440 kV; the conducted environment model established based on the actual transient response of the lines can provide input conditions that are closer to engineering scenarios for vulnerability assessment tests of power equipment. The research results overcome the scenario limitations of traditional standard conducted environments and provide theoretical support and a data foundation for HEMP effect threshold extraction and protection design of power systems.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"67 5","pages":"1614-1623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144850645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1109/temc.2025.3590982
Pedro H. N. Vieira, Antonio C. S. Lima, Alberto De Conti
{"title":"Semianalytical Transient Ground Resistance of Overhead Lines Considering Frequency-Dependent Soil Parameters","authors":"Pedro H. N. Vieira, Antonio C. S. Lima, Alberto De Conti","doi":"10.1109/temc.2025.3590982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.2025.3590982","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144792502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2025.3589220
Meijun Qu;Qingling Wang;Zizhuo He;Jianxun Su
In this letter, a miniaturized single-layer dual-polarized energy selective surface (ESS) is proposed with each element size of 0.15 λ0 × 0.15 λ0. The method of equivalent circuit model is applied to analyze operation principle of the proposed ESS, showing that a transmission pole and zero are generated when the diodes are in OFF- and ON-state, respectively. As a result, low insertion loss (IL) and high shielding effectiveness (SE) can be obtained. The calculated and simulated results verify that the proposed design can transmit low-power communication signals in the range of 2.47–3.5 GHz with the IL less than 1 dB, while achieving more than 10 dB SE against high-power microwave (HPM) incidence across 1.85–4.32 GHz. The nonlinear characteristics of the proposed ESS can be conducted in the field-circuit co-simulation and demonstrated in the rectangular waveguide. Due to the self-actuated response, the proposed ESS possesses the ability of adaptive protection against HPM attacks.
{"title":"A Miniaturized Dual-Polarized Energy Selective Surface for HPM Protection","authors":"Meijun Qu;Qingling Wang;Zizhuo He;Jianxun Su","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2025.3589220","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2025.3589220","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a miniaturized single-layer dual-polarized energy selective surface (ESS) is proposed with each element size of 0.15 <italic>λ</i><sub>0</sub> × 0.15 <italic>λ</i><sub>0</sub>. The method of equivalent circuit model is applied to analyze operation principle of the proposed ESS, showing that a transmission pole and zero are generated when the diodes are in OFF- and ON-state, respectively. As a result, low insertion loss (IL) and high shielding effectiveness (SE) can be obtained. The calculated and simulated results verify that the proposed design can transmit low-power communication signals in the range of 2.47–3.5 GHz with the IL less than 1 dB, while achieving more than 10 dB SE against high-power microwave (HPM) incidence across 1.85–4.32 GHz. The nonlinear characteristics of the proposed ESS can be conducted in the field-circuit co-simulation and demonstrated in the rectangular waveguide. Due to the self-actuated response, the proposed ESS possesses the ability of adaptive protection against HPM attacks.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"67 5","pages":"1634-1638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144736767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-25DOI: 10.1109/temc.2025.3589229
Mi Zhou, Maorong Geng, Jianguo Wang, Li Cai, Xiaoyu Lei, Weihan Zhao, Jianping Wang, Jinxin Cao, Yadong Fan
{"title":"Lightning-Induced Transients in Buried Power Cables: A Study of Soil Dissipation Effects","authors":"Mi Zhou, Maorong Geng, Jianguo Wang, Li Cai, Xiaoyu Lei, Weihan Zhao, Jianping Wang, Jinxin Cao, Yadong Fan","doi":"10.1109/temc.2025.3589229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.2025.3589229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144712331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1109/temc.2025.3586966
Lijian Yang, Mir Khadiza Akter, Ran Guo, Jianfeng Zheng, Michael Steckner, Wolfgang Kainz, Ji Chen
{"title":"Assessing RF-Induced Heating of Active Implantable Medical Devices Near Orthopedic Implants During 1.5 T MRI","authors":"Lijian Yang, Mir Khadiza Akter, Ran Guo, Jianfeng Zheng, Michael Steckner, Wolfgang Kainz, Ji Chen","doi":"10.1109/temc.2025.3586966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.2025.3586966","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144701892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to advances in power transistor technologies, higher switching frequencies and steeper switching slopes are used in motor inverters to achieve higher efficiency and power density. However, this leads to increased electromagnetic interference (EMI). Conventional passive filter topologies can use a considerable amount of space and contain heavy components, reducing overall power density. To minimize volume and weight of passive filters, active EMI filters can be used. In this work, a novel EMI cancellation method for pulsewidth modulation controlled three-phase motor inverters is presented in a feasibility study. This method injects a cancellation signal by applying a filter to the digital transistor control signals of the motor inverter. By slightly delaying the control signals before they reach the transistor gates, the time required to synthesize and inject the cancellation signal can be compensated. The digital filter parameters are adapted continuously based on the measured noise signal to achieve maximum filter performance. First, the new method is described in general. After that, the applicability to power electronics is discussed. For demonstration, the system is applied to a motor inverter with GaN transistors to reduce the conducted common mode EMI at the input side of the inverter. The results are shown and discussed for different operation modes.
{"title":"Broadband Active Common Mode EMI Suppression of a GaN Motor Inverter With Adaptive FIR Filters Using Delay-Compensated Gate Control Signals","authors":"Jens Aigner;Maximilian Lemke;Tobias Dörlemann;Stephan Frei","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2025.3582516","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2025.3582516","url":null,"abstract":"Due to advances in power transistor technologies, higher switching frequencies and steeper switching slopes are used in motor inverters to achieve higher efficiency and power density. However, this leads to increased electromagnetic interference (EMI). Conventional passive filter topologies can use a considerable amount of space and contain heavy components, reducing overall power density. To minimize volume and weight of passive filters, active EMI filters can be used. In this work, a novel EMI cancellation method for pulsewidth modulation controlled three-phase motor inverters is presented in a feasibility study. This method injects a cancellation signal by applying a filter to the digital transistor control signals of the motor inverter. By slightly delaying the control signals before they reach the transistor gates, the time required to synthesize and inject the cancellation signal can be compensated. The digital filter parameters are adapted continuously based on the measured noise signal to achieve maximum filter performance. First, the new method is described in general. After that, the applicability to power electronics is discussed. For demonstration, the system is applied to a motor inverter with GaN transistors to reduce the conducted common mode EMI at the input side of the inverter. The results are shown and discussed for different operation modes.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"67 4","pages":"1213-1227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11089934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-22DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2025.3586319
Qing Liu;Xinyi Liu;Jiaqi Zhang;Jinlong Li
Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) caused by geomagnetic storms pose a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of ultrahigh voltage (UHV) and extra-high voltage transmission systems. It is necessary to study the uncertainty of GICs affected by multidimensional input parameters to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the GICs levels in the power grid and their potential threats. The traditional polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) uncertainty analysis method incurs significantly higher computational cost in high-dimensional and high-order scenarios. Taking this into account, a PCE optimization method based on compressed sensing (CS) is proposed in this article. First, the Kriging method was employed to establish an earth conductivity model considering limited measurement data. Then, the proposed method was used to conduct the uncertainty analysis of GICs during storms in the North China UHV grid. The statistics of the maximum GICs in the North China power grid were obtained and compared with results from the Monte Carlo and PCE methods. Results indicate that the PCE method optimized by CS can efficiently analyze the uncertainty of GICs and substantially reduce the computational cost compared with the PCE method while ensuring accuracy. Finally, based on the total Sobol indices, the sensitivities of GICs to the input variables are analyzed to reasonably evaluate the threat of GICs to the power grid.
{"title":"Uncertainty Analysis of Geomagnetically Induced Currents in UHV Power Grid Based on Compressed Sensing Optimization","authors":"Qing Liu;Xinyi Liu;Jiaqi Zhang;Jinlong Li","doi":"10.1109/TEMC.2025.3586319","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TEMC.2025.3586319","url":null,"abstract":"Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) caused by geomagnetic storms pose a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of ultrahigh voltage (UHV) and extra-high voltage transmission systems. It is necessary to study the uncertainty of GICs affected by multidimensional input parameters to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the GICs levels in the power grid and their potential threats. The traditional polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) uncertainty analysis method incurs significantly higher computational cost in high-dimensional and high-order scenarios. Taking this into account, a PCE optimization method based on compressed sensing (CS) is proposed in this article. First, the Kriging method was employed to establish an earth conductivity model considering limited measurement data. Then, the proposed method was used to conduct the uncertainty analysis of GICs during storms in the North China UHV grid. The statistics of the maximum GICs in the North China power grid were obtained and compared with results from the Monte Carlo and PCE methods. Results indicate that the PCE method optimized by CS can efficiently analyze the uncertainty of GICs and substantially reduce the computational cost compared with the PCE method while ensuring accuracy. Finally, based on the total Sobol indices, the sensitivities of GICs to the input variables are analyzed to reasonably evaluate the threat of GICs to the power grid.","PeriodicalId":55012,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"67 4","pages":"1352-1359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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