Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2024.3488968
Xingyu Gao;Chen Chen;Zhengrong Xiang
This article addresses the leader-following consensus problem for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems under the event-triggered mechanism. Prior to control design, the topology hierarchical decomposition method is employed to simplify and layer the system topology, thereby reducing the complexity of topology and the communication burden of each agent. For each agent, a novel distributed observer is proposed under the event-triggered mechanism to estimate other agents' states, eliminating the necessity for real-time information from other agents. In addition, the hybrid dynamic event-triggered mechanism is developed, which can reduce the frequency of communication between agents. Furthermore, a leader-following consensus protocol is constructed under the proposed event-triggered mechanism to ensure that all followers will track the trajectory of the leader. Moreover, the protocol is updated discontinuously, reducing computation costs for the systems. An example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
{"title":"Consensus for Nonlinear Multiagent Systems via Hybrid Event-Triggered Mechanism","authors":"Xingyu Gao;Chen Chen;Zhengrong Xiang","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2024.3488968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2024.3488968","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the leader-following consensus problem for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems under the event-triggered mechanism. Prior to control design, the topology hierarchical decomposition method is employed to simplify and layer the system topology, thereby reducing the complexity of topology and the communication burden of each agent. For each agent, a novel distributed observer is proposed under the event-triggered mechanism to estimate other agents' states, eliminating the necessity for real-time information from other agents. In addition, the hybrid dynamic event-triggered mechanism is developed, which can reduce the frequency of communication between agents. Furthermore, a leader-following consensus protocol is constructed under the proposed event-triggered mechanism to ensure that all followers will track the trajectory of the leader. Moreover, the protocol is updated discontinuously, reducing computation costs for the systems. An example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"18 4","pages":"2022-2029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2024.3481653
Yan Li;Yaodong Ge;Ying Zhao;Tianqi Xu;Marwen Abdennebi;Mengmeng Zhu
A typical modern power system is a multilayer network consisting of a power network coupled with a communication network, namely, a cyber–physical power system (CPPS). Some previous research methods that were applicable to single-layer networks (such as power networks) are not applicable to current CPPSs. In this article, we first establish an importance evaluation model for the lines in the power network and the nodes in the communication network of a CPPS. Then, the key nodes and lines in the CPPS are evaluated from three perspectives: network information, network properties, and network structure. Two algorithms are proposed, from network information and network property perspectives. Ten indicators are also formulated from a network structure perspective. Finally, the results of analyzing the correlations between indicators under these three perspectives using Kendall's tau-b show that the important lines and nodes in the different networks are different and that the most effective method of importance evaluation is based on information fusion from the network information perspective. The results also show that the research significance of investigating CPPS network node importance based on a Barabási–Albert communication network is greater than that of analyses based on Watts–Strogatz and Erdös–Rényi networks. The results can provide a good understanding of the operating status of a power system to help reduce the probability of system faults, thereby providing support for future intelligent and autonomous power systems.
{"title":"Methods for Evaluating Critical Lines and Nodes in Cyber–Physical Power Systems From Three Network Perspectives","authors":"Yan Li;Yaodong Ge;Ying Zhao;Tianqi Xu;Marwen Abdennebi;Mengmeng Zhu","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2024.3481653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2024.3481653","url":null,"abstract":"A typical modern power system is a multilayer network consisting of a power network coupled with a communication network, namely, a cyber–physical power system (CPPS). Some previous research methods that were applicable to single-layer networks (such as power networks) are not applicable to current CPPSs. In this article, we first establish an importance evaluation model for the lines in the power network and the nodes in the communication network of a CPPS. Then, the key nodes and lines in the CPPS are evaluated from three perspectives: network information, network properties, and network structure. Two algorithms are proposed, from network information and network property perspectives. Ten indicators are also formulated from a network structure perspective. Finally, the results of analyzing the correlations between indicators under these three perspectives using Kendall's tau-b show that the important lines and nodes in the different networks are different and that the most effective method of importance evaluation is based on information fusion from the network information perspective. The results also show that the research significance of investigating CPPS network node importance based on a Barabási–Albert communication network is greater than that of analyses based on Watts–Strogatz and Erdös–Rényi networks. The results can provide a good understanding of the operating status of a power system to help reduce the probability of system faults, thereby providing support for future intelligent and autonomous power systems.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"18 4","pages":"1987-1998"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2024.3459596
Yanhong Jing;Lan Shen;Chunlong Yao;Fenglong Fan;Xing Wang
The objective of virtual machine placement in cloud data centers is to optimize resource allocation, which directly impacts the adherence to service level agreements (SLAs). Existing virtual machine placement strategies have achieved some success in reducing SLA violations through various approaches such as load balancing and minimizing host overloads. However, SLA compliance is influenced by multiple factors. Based on heuristic principles, this article fully considers various factors affecting SLA violations and proposes the HLEM-VMP virtual machine placement strategy. This strategy employs a greedy method to determine the placement of virtual machines by filtering and scoring physical hosts. We conducted comprehensive comparative experiments using the Cloudsim simulator with Planetlab and random workloads against classical algorithms such as EPSO, AFED-EF, and HS3MC-3MIN-1.5. The results show that HLEM-VMP not only significantly reduces SLA violations but also performs excellently on the combined index ESV. Building on this, we further propose the General-HLEM (G-HLEM) model, which allows for a tradeoff between energy consumption and SLA violations, thereby enhancing the model's generalizability. Experiments in three typical application scenarios demonstrate that G-HLEM can meet the needs of different scenarios and outperforms methods like EPSO, AFED-EF, and HS3MC-3MIN-1.5 on the ESV index, providing valuable insights for addressing SLA violation issues through virtual machine placement strategies.
{"title":"HLEM-VMP: An Effective Virtual Machine Placement Algorithm for Minimizing SLA Violations in Cloud Data Centers","authors":"Yanhong Jing;Lan Shen;Chunlong Yao;Fenglong Fan;Xing Wang","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2024.3459596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2024.3459596","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of virtual machine placement in cloud data centers is to optimize resource allocation, which directly impacts the adherence to service level agreements (SLAs). Existing virtual machine placement strategies have achieved some success in reducing SLA violations through various approaches such as load balancing and minimizing host overloads. However, SLA compliance is influenced by multiple factors. Based on heuristic principles, this article fully considers various factors affecting SLA violations and proposes the HLEM-VMP virtual machine placement strategy. This strategy employs a greedy method to determine the placement of virtual machines by filtering and scoring physical hosts. We conducted comprehensive comparative experiments using the Cloudsim simulator with Planetlab and random workloads against classical algorithms such as EPSO, AFED-EF, and HS3MC-3MIN-1.5. The results show that HLEM-VMP not only significantly reduces SLA violations but also performs excellently on the combined index ESV. Building on this, we further propose the General-HLEM (G-HLEM) model, which allows for a tradeoff between energy consumption and SLA violations, thereby enhancing the model's generalizability. Experiments in three typical application scenarios demonstrate that G-HLEM can meet the needs of different scenarios and outperforms methods like EPSO, AFED-EF, and HS3MC-3MIN-1.5 on the ESV index, providing valuable insights for addressing SLA violation issues through virtual machine placement strategies.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"18 4","pages":"1963-1974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2024.3474090
Mahdi Nozarian;Alireza Fereidunian;Masoud Barati
This article premises the notion of portraying a smart city energy infrastructure (SCEI) from a people-centric bottom-up view. This is concluded by a system of systems approach in which the coordinated collections of autonomous microenergy hubs construct macroenergy hubs as SCEI in a decentralized manner. Moreover, a reliability-oriented framework is introduced, complying with the performance requirement of customer satisfaction from the people-centric view. Since electric energy as a unique commodity is traded within a continuously operated system, reliability becomes an objective from the start of the planning process (i.e., reliability-oriented planning) while still achieving the performance (technical and quality) requirements demanded nowadays. Hence, the proposed reliability-oriented framework tends to improve customer interruption cost and cost of energy not supplied in the objective function, as well as the Electrical energy index of reliability (EEIR) and system average interruption frequency index as indices for both heat and electrical loads. In the proposed framework, all constituent systems collaborate to create a more functional and reliable SCEI, while each independent system intends to increase its benefit. Furthermore, the proposed framework is formulated as a bilevel mixed-integer linear programming planning problem. This bilevel formulation suffers from nonconvexity in its lower level problem. Therefore, it is transformed into a single-level problem through binary constraint relaxation and primal–dual reformulation. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated by implementing it to the Dättwil district (Switzerland) as a real urban case study system. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach due to considerable improvement in reliability performance (5.2% in EEIR, 95% in electrical system average interruption frequency index, 0.1% in heat energy index of reliability (HEIR), and 56% in heat system average interruption frequency index), SCEI-to-grid performance (81% in export to import ratio), and sustainability performance (77.8% in emission and 4.8% in energy loss).
{"title":"A System of Systems Approach to Reliability-Oriented Planning of People-Centric Smart City Energy Infrastructure: A Bilevel MILP Formulation","authors":"Mahdi Nozarian;Alireza Fereidunian;Masoud Barati","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2024.3474090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2024.3474090","url":null,"abstract":"This article premises the notion of portraying a smart city energy infrastructure (SCEI) from a people-centric bottom-up view. This is concluded by a system of systems approach in which the coordinated collections of autonomous microenergy hubs construct macroenergy hubs as SCEI in a decentralized manner. Moreover, a reliability-oriented framework is introduced, complying with the performance requirement of customer satisfaction from the people-centric view. Since electric energy as a unique commodity is traded within a continuously operated system, reliability becomes an objective from the start of the planning process (i.e., reliability-oriented planning) while still achieving the performance (technical and quality) requirements demanded nowadays. Hence, the proposed reliability-oriented framework tends to improve customer interruption cost and cost of energy not supplied in the objective function, as well as the Electrical energy index of reliability (EEIR) and system average interruption frequency index as indices for both heat and electrical loads. In the proposed framework, all constituent systems collaborate to create a more functional and reliable SCEI, while each independent system intends to increase its benefit. Furthermore, the proposed framework is formulated as a bilevel mixed-integer linear programming planning problem. This bilevel formulation suffers from nonconvexity in its lower level problem. Therefore, it is transformed into a single-level problem through binary constraint relaxation and primal–dual reformulation. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated by implementing it to the Dättwil district (Switzerland) as a real urban case study system. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach due to considerable improvement in reliability performance (5.2% in EEIR, 95% in electrical system average interruption frequency index, 0.1% in heat energy index of reliability (HEIR), and 56% in heat system average interruption frequency index), SCEI-to-grid performance (81% in export to import ratio), and sustainability performance (77.8% in emission and 4.8% in energy loss).","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"18 4","pages":"2085-2096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2024.3485690
Ngo Hoang Tu;Kyungchun Lee
This study explores multihop full-duplex relay (FDR) networks with multiple-input multiple-output capabilities, aiming to enhance short-packet ultra-reliability and low-latency communications. We derive closed-form expressions for performance metrics in terms of block-error rate, throughput, energy efficiency, reliability, and latency, from which an asymptotic analysis in the high signal-to-noise ratio regime is provided. Extensive simulations validate our theoretical analysis under varying system parameters. The findings indicate that the FDR performance is comparable to half-duplex relaying in specific scenarios. However, analytical expressions involve nonelementary functions, posing challenges for real-time configurations. To overcome this hurdle, we adopt machine-learning (ML) models for multioutput performance prediction with short execution time, low computational complexity, and high accuracy. Among the proposed ML frameworks, the extreme gradient boosting model with multi-output regressors proves to be the most efficient estimator. This network can rapidly respond with the necessary system settings to meet the desired quality of services associated with specific key performance indicators.
{"title":"Multihop MIMO Full-Duplex Relay Networks With Short-Packet URLLCs","authors":"Ngo Hoang Tu;Kyungchun Lee","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2024.3485690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2024.3485690","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores multihop full-duplex relay (FDR) networks with multiple-input multiple-output capabilities, aiming to enhance short-packet ultra-reliability and low-latency communications. We derive closed-form expressions for performance metrics in terms of block-error rate, throughput, energy efficiency, reliability, and latency, from which an asymptotic analysis in the high signal-to-noise ratio regime is provided. Extensive simulations validate our theoretical analysis under varying system parameters. The findings indicate that the FDR performance is comparable to half-duplex relaying in specific scenarios. However, analytical expressions involve nonelementary functions, posing challenges for real-time configurations. To overcome this hurdle, we adopt machine-learning (ML) models for multioutput performance prediction with short execution time, low computational complexity, and high accuracy. Among the proposed ML frameworks, the extreme gradient boosting model with multi-output regressors proves to be the most efficient estimator. This network can rapidly respond with the necessary system settings to meet the desired quality of services associated with specific key performance indicators.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"18 4","pages":"1975-1986"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2022-02-28DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2043021
Wojciech Kondrat, Anna Stocka, Teresa Sierpinska
Objective: To determine the role of emotional state in the masticatory system function in a group of young adults.
Methods: Ninety-six generally healthy randomly selected students aged 18-21 were examined. They were subjected to a questionnaire survey determining their emotional state, clinical examination, and instrumental diagnostics (EMG, Cadiax Compact, JVA).
Results: The stress symptoms group revealed a greater intensity of neck and shoulder muscles pain (p < 0.05) and an increase of electrical potential of the masseter muscles in maximal voluntary clench (p < 0.05). They reported more often headache (p < 0.001), tension/contracture of the head, neck and nape (p < 0.05), and pain while opening the mouth wide (p < 0.05). The values of parameters obtained in the instrumental diagnostics did not reveal differences between the groups.
Conclusion: Stressful situations increase muscular tension but do not have a direct impact on the temporomandibular joints function.
目的：确定情绪状态在青少年咀嚼系统功能中的作用：确定情绪状态在一组年轻人咀嚼系统功能中的作用：方法： 随机选取 96 名年龄在 18-21 岁之间、身体健康的学生进行研究。对他们进行了情绪状态问卷调查、临床检查和仪器诊断（肌电图、Cadiax Compact、JVA）：结果：压力症状组显示颈部和肩部肌肉疼痛的强度更大（p p p p p 结论：压力症状组显示颈部和肩部肌肉疼痛的强度更大：压力会增加肌肉紧张度，但不会直接影响颞下颌关节的功能。
{"title":"Relationship between emotional state and masticatory system function in a group of healthy volunteers aged 18-21.","authors":"Wojciech Kondrat, Anna Stocka, Teresa Sierpinska","doi":"10.1080/08869634.2022.2043021","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08869634.2022.2043021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the role of emotional state in the masticatory system function in a group of young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-six generally healthy randomly selected students aged 18-21 were examined. They were subjected to a questionnaire survey determining their emotional state, clinical examination, and instrumental diagnostics (EMG, Cadiax Compact, JVA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The stress symptoms group revealed a greater intensity of neck and shoulder muscles pain (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and an increase of electrical potential of the masseter muscles in maximal voluntary clench (<i>p</i> < 0.05). They reported more often headache (<i>p</i> < 0.001), tension/contracture of the head, neck and nape (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and pain while opening the mouth wide (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The values of parameters obtained in the instrumental diagnostics did not reveal differences between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stressful situations increase muscular tension but do not have a direct impact on the temporomandibular joints function.</p>","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"680-687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84417242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2024.3478229
Yunxiang Guo;Dongming Wang;Xinjiang Xia;Jiamin Li;Pengcheng Zhu;Xiaohu You
In this article, we study the system-level performance of cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) systems with reciprocity calibration errors (RCEs) and imperfect phase synchronization due to the local oscillator (LO) phase drift. Considering the practical implementation of a remote radio unit (RRU) and the nonreciprocity of downlink–uplink channels due to RCEs and LO phase drift, we model the downlink channel with a random phase rotation. Then, we study the system-level performance of both centralized and distributed CF-mMIMO architectures with maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and zero-forcing (ZF) precoding schemes. We derive the closed-form expressions for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the downlink precoding schemes, and obtain the closed-form expressions for the average spectral efficiency (SE) per user with locations of both RRU and user equipment (UE) following the Poisson point process. Simulation results show that the closed-form expressions are accurate when compared with Monte Carlo results. The results demonstrate that the impact of RCEs and LO phase drift on system performance is more severe for centralized ZF precoding than for MRT and distributed ZF precoding. In addition, we reveal the SE performance concerning antenna configuration of RRU, RRU density, UE density, and LO phase drift range.
{"title":"Downlink Performance Analysis of CF-MMIMO With RCEs and LO Phase Drift: A Stochastic Geometry Approach","authors":"Yunxiang Guo;Dongming Wang;Xinjiang Xia;Jiamin Li;Pengcheng Zhu;Xiaohu You","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2024.3478229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2024.3478229","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we study the system-level performance of cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) systems with reciprocity calibration errors (RCEs) and imperfect phase synchronization due to the local oscillator (LO) phase drift. Considering the practical implementation of a remote radio unit (RRU) and the nonreciprocity of downlink–uplink channels due to RCEs and LO phase drift, we model the downlink channel with a random phase rotation. Then, we study the system-level performance of both centralized and distributed CF-mMIMO architectures with maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and zero-forcing (ZF) precoding schemes. We derive the closed-form expressions for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the downlink precoding schemes, and obtain the closed-form expressions for the average spectral efficiency (SE) per user with locations of both RRU and user equipment (UE) following the Poisson point process. Simulation results show that the closed-form expressions are accurate when compared with Monte Carlo results. The results demonstrate that the impact of RCEs and LO phase drift on system performance is more severe for centralized ZF precoding than for MRT and distributed ZF precoding. In addition, we reveal the SE performance concerning antenna configuration of RRU, RRU density, UE density, and LO phase drift range.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"18 4","pages":"2145-2156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The integration of information and communication technology tools in the smart grid network has made the electricity market operation vulnerable to cyberattacks. The attacks aim at compromising the integrity of market operations by causing profit/loss to a targeted utility/consumer. Injection of false data on sensor measurement allows for maliciously controlling the locational marginal price (LMP) through the state variable. In this work, we propose a false data injection attack (FDIA) on the market operation with the objectives of maximally deviating the LMP and minimizing the attack budget. Considering the conflict between the two objectives, a tradeoff approach based on multiobjective optimization has been proposed. The solution derived postconvergence of the optimization problem provides a set of solutions (Pareto-front), each pertaining to bus locations on which FDIA can be carried out. The solution allows an intruder to design an FDIA based on the priority assigned between market disruption and attack budget. For a given budget for launching an attack, the Pareto-front provides the optimal FDIA configuration for which the deviation in LMP is maximized. To validate the proposed design scheme in practical settings, a real-time testbed is developed involving the cosimulation of the power and communication networks.
{"title":"Design of Real-Time False Data Injection Attack on Electricity Market With Limited Sensor Accessibility","authors":"Brundavanam Seshasai;Ebha Koley;Prasanta Kumar Jena;Subhojit Ghosh","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2024.3471639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2024.3471639","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of information and communication technology tools in the smart grid network has made the electricity market operation vulnerable to cyberattacks. The attacks aim at compromising the integrity of market operations by causing profit/loss to a targeted utility/consumer. Injection of false data on sensor measurement allows for maliciously controlling the locational marginal price (LMP) through the state variable. In this work, we propose a false data injection attack (FDIA) on the market operation with the objectives of maximally deviating the LMP and minimizing the attack budget. Considering the conflict between the two objectives, a tradeoff approach based on multiobjective optimization has been proposed. The solution derived postconvergence of the optimization problem provides a set of solutions (Pareto-front), each pertaining to bus locations on which FDIA can be carried out. The solution allows an intruder to design an FDIA based on the priority assigned between market disruption and attack budget. For a given budget for launching an attack, the Pareto-front provides the optimal FDIA configuration for which the deviation in LMP is maximized. To validate the proposed design scheme in practical settings, a real-time testbed is developed involving the cosimulation of the power and communication networks.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"18 4","pages":"1999-2009"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates the performance of physical layer security (PLS) in a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication system, where a transmitter vehicle exploits a dual reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to send confidential information to legitimate receiver vehicles under the nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme in the presence of an eavesdropper vehicle. In particular, it is assumed that an RIS is near the transmitter vehicle and another RIS is close to the receiver vehicles to provide a wider smart radio environment. Besides, we suppose that the channels between two RISs suffer from the Fisher–Snedecor $mathcal {F}$ fading model. Under this scenario, we first provide the marginal distributions of equivalent channels at the legitimate receiver vehicles by exploiting the central limit theorem. Then, in order to evaluate the PLS performance of the considered system model, we derive analytical expressions of the average secrecy capacity (ASC), secrecy outage probability, and secrecy energy efficiency by using the Gauss–Laguerre quadrature and the Gaussian quadrature techniques. Moreover, to gain more insights into the secrecy performance, the asymptotic expression of the ASC is obtained. The numerical results indicate that incorporating the dual RIS in the secure V2V communication under the NOMA scheme can significantly provide ultrareliable transmission and guarantee more secure communication for intelligent transportation systems.
{"title":"Physical Layer Security Performance of Cooperative Dual-RIS-Aided V2V NOMA Communications","authors":"Farshad Rostami Ghadi;Masoud Kaveh;Kai-Kit Wong;Diego Martín","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2024.3476447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2024.3476447","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the performance of physical layer security (PLS) in a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication system, where a transmitter vehicle exploits a dual reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to send confidential information to legitimate receiver vehicles under the nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme in the presence of an eavesdropper vehicle. In particular, it is assumed that an RIS is near the transmitter vehicle and another RIS is close to the receiver vehicles to provide a wider smart radio environment. Besides, we suppose that the channels between two RISs suffer from the Fisher–Snedecor \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mathcal {F}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 fading model. Under this scenario, we first provide the marginal distributions of equivalent channels at the legitimate receiver vehicles by exploiting the central limit theorem. Then, in order to evaluate the PLS performance of the considered system model, we derive analytical expressions of the average secrecy capacity (ASC), secrecy outage probability, and secrecy energy efficiency by using the Gauss–Laguerre quadrature and the Gaussian quadrature techniques. Moreover, to gain more insights into the secrecy performance, the asymptotic expression of the ASC is obtained. The numerical results indicate that incorporating the dual RIS in the secure V2V communication under the NOMA scheme can significantly provide ultrareliable transmission and guarantee more secure communication for intelligent transportation systems.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"18 4","pages":"2074-2084"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2024.3457794
Md. Ali Hasan;M. Humayun Kabir;Md. Shafiqul Islam;Sangmin Han;Wonjae Shin
In signals of opportunity (SOPs)-based positioning utilizing low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, ephemeris data derived from two-line element files can introduce increasing error over time. To handle the erroneous measurement, an additional base receiver with a known position is often used to compensate for the effect of ephemeris error when positioning the user terminal (UT). However, this approach is insufficient for long baseline (distance between base receiver and UT) as it fails to adequately correct Doppler shift measurement errors caused by ephemeris inaccuracies, resulting in degraded positioning performance. Moreover, the lack of clock synchronization between the base receiver and UT exacerbates erroneous Doppler shift measurements. To address these challenges, we put forth a robust double-difference Doppler shift-based positioning framework, coined 3DPose, to handle the clock synchronization issue between the base receiver and UT, and positioning degradation due to the long baseline. The proposed 3DPose framework leverages double-difference Doppler shift measurements to eliminate the clock synchronization issue and incorporates a novel ephemeris error correction algorithm to enhance UT positioning accuracy in case of the long baseline. The algorithm specifically characterizes and corrects the Doppler shift measurement errors arising from erroneous ephemeris data, focusing on satellite position errors in the tangential direction. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, we conduct comparative analyses across three different scenarios, contrasting its performance with the existing differential Doppler positioning method. The results demonstrate that the proposed 3DPose framework achieves an average reduction of 90% in 3-dimensional positioning errors compared to the benchmark algorithm.
{"title":"A Double-Difference Doppler Shift-Based Positioning Framework With Ephemeris Error Correction of LEO Satellites","authors":"Md. Ali Hasan;M. Humayun Kabir;Md. Shafiqul Islam;Sangmin Han;Wonjae Shin","doi":"10.1109/JSYST.2024.3457794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2024.3457794","url":null,"abstract":"In signals of opportunity (SOPs)-based positioning utilizing low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, ephemeris data derived from two-line element files can introduce increasing error over time. To handle the erroneous measurement, an additional base receiver with a known position is often used to compensate for the effect of ephemeris error when positioning the user terminal (UT). However, this approach is insufficient for long baseline (distance between base receiver and UT) as it fails to adequately correct Doppler shift measurement errors caused by ephemeris inaccuracies, resulting in degraded positioning performance. Moreover, the lack of clock synchronization between the base receiver and UT exacerbates erroneous Doppler shift measurements. To address these challenges, we put forth a robust double-difference Doppler shift-based positioning framework, coined 3DPose, to handle the clock synchronization issue between the base receiver and UT, and positioning degradation due to the long baseline. The proposed 3DPose framework leverages double-difference Doppler shift measurements to eliminate the clock synchronization issue and incorporates a novel ephemeris error correction algorithm to enhance UT positioning accuracy in case of the long baseline. The algorithm specifically characterizes and corrects the Doppler shift measurement errors arising from erroneous ephemeris data, focusing on satellite position errors in the tangential direction. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, we conduct comparative analyses across three different scenarios, contrasting its performance with the existing differential Doppler positioning method. The results demonstrate that the proposed 3DPose framework achieves an average reduction of 90% in 3-dimensional positioning errors compared to the benchmark algorithm.","PeriodicalId":55017,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Systems Journal","volume":"18 4","pages":"2157-2168"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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