Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2023.3264649
Alphan Şahin;Rui Yang
Communication and computation are often viewed as separate tasks. This approach is very effective from the perspective of engineering as isolated optimizations can be performed. However, for many computation-oriented applications, the main interest is a function of the local information at the devices, rather than the local information itself. In such scenarios, information theoretical results show that harnessing the interference in a multiple access channel for computation, i.e., over-the-air computation (OAC), can provide a significantly higher achievable computation rate than separating communication and computation tasks. Moreover, the gap between OAC and separation in terms of computation rate increases with more participating nodes. Given this motivation, in this study, we provide a comprehensive survey on practical OAC methods. After outlining fundamentals related to OAC, we discuss the available OAC schemes with their pros and cons. We provide an overview of the enabling mechanisms for achieving reliable computation in the wireless channel. Finally, we summarize the potential applications of OAC and point out some future directions.
{"title":"A Survey on Over-the-Air Computation","authors":"Alphan Şahin;Rui Yang","doi":"10.1109/COMST.2023.3264649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2023.3264649","url":null,"abstract":"Communication and computation are often viewed as separate tasks. This approach is very effective from the perspective of engineering as isolated optimizations can be performed. However, for many computation-oriented applications, the main interest is a function of the local information at the devices, rather than the local information itself. In such scenarios, information theoretical results show that harnessing the interference in a multiple access channel for computation, i.e., over-the-air computation (OAC), can provide a significantly higher achievable computation rate than separating communication and computation tasks. Moreover, the gap between OAC and separation in terms of computation rate increases with more participating nodes. Given this motivation, in this study, we provide a comprehensive survey on practical OAC methods. After outlining fundamentals related to OAC, we discuss the available OAC schemes with their pros and cons. We provide an overview of the enabling mechanisms for achieving reliable computation in the wireless channel. Finally, we summarize the potential applications of OAC and point out some future directions.","PeriodicalId":55029,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials","volume":"25 3","pages":"1877-1908"},"PeriodicalIF":35.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49963516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2023.3264928
Alessio Buscemi;Ion Turcanu;German Castignani;Andriy Panchenko;Thomas Engel;Kang G. Shin
Controller Area Network (CAN) is a masterless serial bus designed and widely used for the exchange of mission and time-critical information within commercial vehicles. In-vehicle communication is based on messages sent and received by Electronic Control Units (ECUs) connected to this serial bus network. Although unencrypted, CAN messages are not easy to interpret. In fact, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) attempt to achieve security through obscurity by encoding the data in their proprietary format, which is kept secret from the general public. As a result, the only way to obtain clear data is to reverse engineer CAN messages. Driven by the need for in-vehicle message interpretation, which is highly valuable in the automotive industry, researchers and companies have been working to make this process automated, fast, and standardized. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the state of the art and summarize the major advances in CAN bus reverse engineering. We are the first to provide a taxonomy of CAN tokenization and translation techniques. Based on the reviewed literature, we highlight an important issue: the lack of a public and standardized dataset for the quantitative evaluation of translation algorithms. In response, we define a complete set of requirements for standardizing the data collection process. We also investigate the risks associated with the automation of CAN reverse engineering, in particular with respect to the security network and the safety and privacy of drivers and passengers. Finally, we discuss future research directions in CAN reverse engineering.
{"title":"A Survey on Controller Area Network Reverse Engineering","authors":"Alessio Buscemi;Ion Turcanu;German Castignani;Andriy Panchenko;Thomas Engel;Kang G. Shin","doi":"10.1109/COMST.2023.3264928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2023.3264928","url":null,"abstract":"Controller Area Network (CAN) is a masterless serial bus designed and widely used for the exchange of mission and time-critical information within commercial vehicles. In-vehicle communication is based on messages sent and received by Electronic Control Units (ECUs) connected to this serial bus network. Although unencrypted, CAN messages are not easy to interpret. In fact, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) attempt to achieve security through obscurity by encoding the data in their proprietary format, which is kept secret from the general public. As a result, the only way to obtain clear data is to reverse engineer CAN messages. Driven by the need for in-vehicle message interpretation, which is highly valuable in the automotive industry, researchers and companies have been working to make this process automated, fast, and standardized. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the state of the art and summarize the major advances in CAN bus reverse engineering. We are the first to provide a taxonomy of CAN tokenization and translation techniques. Based on the reviewed literature, we highlight an important issue: the lack of a public and standardized dataset for the quantitative evaluation of translation algorithms. In response, we define a complete set of requirements for standardizing the data collection process. We also investigate the risks associated with the automation of CAN reverse engineering, in particular with respect to the security network and the safety and privacy of drivers and passengers. Finally, we discuss future research directions in CAN reverse engineering.","PeriodicalId":55029,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials","volume":"25 3","pages":"1445-1481"},"PeriodicalIF":35.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49963702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2023.3263921
Xinying Chen;Jianping An;Zehui Xiong;Chengwen Xing;Nan Zhao;F. Richard Yu;Arumugam Nallanathan
Information security has always been a critical issue in wireless networks. Apart from other secure techniques, covert communication emerges as a potential solution to security for wireless networks owing to its high-security level. In covert communication networks, the transmitter hides the transmitted signals into environmental or artificial noise by introducing randomness to avoid detection at the warden. By eliminating the existence of transmitted signals at the warden, information security can be preserved more solidly than other secure transmission techniques, i.e., without noticing the existence. Due to the promising security protection, covert communication has been successfully utilized in tremendous wireless communication scenarios. However, fundamental challenges in its practical implementation still exist, e.g., the effectiveness of randomness utilization, the low signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at legitimate users, etc. In this survey, we demonstrate a comprehensive review concentrating on the applications, solutions, and future challenges of covert communications. Specifically, the covert principle and research categories are first introduced. Then, the applications in the networks with different topologies and the effective covert techniques in the existing literature are reviewed. We also discuss the potential implementation of covert communications in future networks and the open challenges.
{"title":"Covert Communications: A Comprehensive Survey","authors":"Xinying Chen;Jianping An;Zehui Xiong;Chengwen Xing;Nan Zhao;F. Richard Yu;Arumugam Nallanathan","doi":"10.1109/COMST.2023.3263921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2023.3263921","url":null,"abstract":"Information security has always been a critical issue in wireless networks. Apart from other secure techniques, covert communication emerges as a potential solution to security for wireless networks owing to its high-security level. In covert communication networks, the transmitter hides the transmitted signals into environmental or artificial noise by introducing randomness to avoid detection at the warden. By eliminating the existence of transmitted signals at the warden, information security can be preserved more solidly than other secure transmission techniques, i.e., without noticing the existence. Due to the promising security protection, covert communication has been successfully utilized in tremendous wireless communication scenarios. However, fundamental challenges in its practical implementation still exist, e.g., the effectiveness of randomness utilization, the low signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at legitimate users, etc. In this survey, we demonstrate a comprehensive review concentrating on the applications, solutions, and future challenges of covert communications. Specifically, the covert principle and research categories are first introduced. Then, the applications in the networks with different topologies and the effective covert techniques in the existing literature are reviewed. We also discuss the potential implementation of covert communications in future networks and the open challenges.","PeriodicalId":55029,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials","volume":"25 2","pages":"1173-1198"},"PeriodicalIF":35.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49952910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2023.3263252
Jeroen van der Hooft;Hadi Amirpour;Maria Torres Vega;Yago Sanchez;Raimund Schatz;Thomas Schierl;Christian Timmerer
Video services are evolving from traditional two-dimensional video to virtual reality and holograms, which offer six degrees of freedom to users, enabling them to freely move around in a scene and change focus as desired. However, this increase in freedom translates into stringent requirements in terms of ultra-high bandwidth (in the order of Gigabits per second) and minimal latency (in the order of milliseconds). To realize such immersive services, the network transport, as well as the video representation and encoding, have to be fundamentally enhanced. The purpose of this tutorial article is to provide an elaborate introduction to the creation, streaming, and evaluation of immersive video. Moreover, it aims to provide lessons learned and to point at promising research paths to enable truly interactive immersive video applications toward holography.
{"title":"A Tutorial on Immersive Video Delivery: From Omnidirectional Video to Holography","authors":"Jeroen van der Hooft;Hadi Amirpour;Maria Torres Vega;Yago Sanchez;Raimund Schatz;Thomas Schierl;Christian Timmerer","doi":"10.1109/COMST.2023.3263252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2023.3263252","url":null,"abstract":"Video services are evolving from traditional two-dimensional video to virtual reality and holograms, which offer six degrees of freedom to users, enabling them to freely move around in a scene and change focus as desired. However, this increase in freedom translates into stringent requirements in terms of ultra-high bandwidth (in the order of Gigabits per second) and minimal latency (in the order of milliseconds). To realize such immersive services, the network transport, as well as the video representation and encoding, have to be fundamentally enhanced. The purpose of this tutorial article is to provide an elaborate introduction to the creation, streaming, and evaluation of immersive video. Moreover, it aims to provide lessons learned and to point at promising research paths to enable truly interactive immersive video applications toward holography.","PeriodicalId":55029,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials","volume":"25 2","pages":"1336-1375"},"PeriodicalIF":35.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49952790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-26DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2023.3280465
Nour Moustafa;Nickolaos Koroniotis;Marwa Keshk;Albert Y. Zomaya;Zahir Tari
The field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has garnered considerable research attention in recent years, aiming to provide interpretability and confidence to the inner workings of state-of-the-art deep learning models. However, XAI-enhanced cybersecurity measures in the Internet of Things (IoT) and its sub-domains, require further investigation to provide effective discovery of attack surfaces, their corresponding vectors, and interpretable justification of model outputs. Cyber defence involves operations conducted in the cybersecurity field supporting mission objectives to identify and prevent cyberattacks using various tools and techniques, including intrusion detection systems (IDS), threat intelligence and hunting, and intrusion prevention. In cyber defence, especially anomaly-based IDS, the emerging applications of deep learning models require the interpretation of the models’ architecture and the explanation of models’ prediction to examine how cyberattacks would occur. This paper presents a comprehensive review of XAI techniques for anomaly-based intrusion detection in IoT networks. Firstly, we review IDSs focusing on anomaly-based detection techniques in IoT and how XAI models can augment them to provide trust and confidence in their detections. Secondly, we review AI models, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), for anomaly detection applications and IoT ecosystems. Moreover, we discuss DL’s ability to effectively learn from large-scale IoT datasets, accomplishing high performances in discovering and interpreting security events. Thirdly, we demonstrate recent research on the intersection of XAI, anomaly-based IDS and IoT. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and solutions of XAI for security applications in the cyber defence perspective of IoT networks, revealing future research directions. By analysing our findings, new cybersecurity applications that require XAI models emerge, assisting decision-makers in understanding and explaining security events in compromised IoT networks.
{"title":"Explainable Intrusion Detection for Cyber Defences in the Internet of Things: Opportunities and Solutions","authors":"Nour Moustafa;Nickolaos Koroniotis;Marwa Keshk;Albert Y. Zomaya;Zahir Tari","doi":"10.1109/COMST.2023.3280465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2023.3280465","url":null,"abstract":"The field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has garnered considerable research attention in recent years, aiming to provide interpretability and confidence to the inner workings of state-of-the-art deep learning models. However, XAI-enhanced cybersecurity measures in the Internet of Things (IoT) and its sub-domains, require further investigation to provide effective discovery of attack surfaces, their corresponding vectors, and interpretable justification of model outputs. Cyber defence involves operations conducted in the cybersecurity field supporting mission objectives to identify and prevent cyberattacks using various tools and techniques, including intrusion detection systems (IDS), threat intelligence and hunting, and intrusion prevention. In cyber defence, especially anomaly-based IDS, the emerging applications of deep learning models require the interpretation of the models’ architecture and the explanation of models’ prediction to examine how cyberattacks would occur. This paper presents a comprehensive review of XAI techniques for anomaly-based intrusion detection in IoT networks. Firstly, we review IDSs focusing on anomaly-based detection techniques in IoT and how XAI models can augment them to provide trust and confidence in their detections. Secondly, we review AI models, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), for anomaly detection applications and IoT ecosystems. Moreover, we discuss DL’s ability to effectively learn from large-scale IoT datasets, accomplishing high performances in discovering and interpreting security events. Thirdly, we demonstrate recent research on the intersection of XAI, anomaly-based IDS and IoT. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and solutions of XAI for security applications in the cyber defence perspective of IoT networks, revealing future research directions. By analysing our findings, new cybersecurity applications that require XAI models emerge, assisting decision-makers in understanding and explaining security events in compromised IoT networks.","PeriodicalId":55029,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials","volume":"25 3","pages":"1775-1807"},"PeriodicalIF":35.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49963513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Backscatter communication (BackCom) networks enable passive/battery-free Internet-of-Thing devices, providing reliable, massive connectivity while ensuring self-sustainability, low maintenance, and low costs. Effective channel codes and decoding algorithms are necessary to achieve these objectives. However, a comprehensive survey/review paper on such techniques for BackCom networks has not been available. This paper aims to fill this gap. Because tags have limited computational resources, traditional coding techniques may not suit them. We first describe the basics of BackCom, channel codes and their relevant design parameters, and codes for general communication networks. We address the BackCom limitations, requirements, and channel characteristics. As conventional codes may not seamlessly move to the BackCom arena, we identify the potential BackCom coding techniques and multiple access schemes. We further highlight potential approaches for addressing code implementation complexity and reliability. Finally, we discuss open issues, challenges, and potential future research directions.
{"title":"Coding Techniques for Backscatter Communications—A Contemporary Survey","authors":"Fatemeh Rezaei;Diluka Galappaththige;Chintha Tellambura;Sanjeewa Herath","doi":"10.1109/COMST.2023.3259224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2023.3259224","url":null,"abstract":"Backscatter communication (BackCom) networks enable passive/battery-free Internet-of-Thing devices, providing reliable, massive connectivity while ensuring self-sustainability, low maintenance, and low costs. Effective channel codes and decoding algorithms are necessary to achieve these objectives. However, a comprehensive survey/review paper on such techniques for BackCom networks has not been available. This paper aims to fill this gap. Because tags have limited computational resources, traditional coding techniques may not suit them. We first describe the basics of BackCom, channel codes and their relevant design parameters, and codes for general communication networks. We address the BackCom limitations, requirements, and channel characteristics. As conventional codes may not seamlessly move to the BackCom arena, we identify the potential BackCom coding techniques and multiple access schemes. We further highlight potential approaches for addressing code implementation complexity and reliability. Finally, we discuss open issues, challenges, and potential future research directions.","PeriodicalId":55029,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials","volume":"25 2","pages":"1020-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":35.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49952906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2022.3214905
Anas Chaaban;Zouheir Rezki;Mohamed-Slim Alouini
In the above article [1] , equations (116) and (122) appeared with errors. The correct equations and affected text follow.
在上述文章[1]中，方程（116）和（122）出现了错误。下面是正确的方程式和受影响的文本。
{"title":"Corrections to “On the Capacity of Intensity-Modulation Direct-Detection Gaussian Optical Wireless Communication Channels: A Tutorial”","authors":"Anas Chaaban;Zouheir Rezki;Mohamed-Slim Alouini","doi":"10.1109/COMST.2022.3214905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2022.3214905","url":null,"abstract":"In the above article \u0000<xref>[1]</xref>\u0000, \u0000<xref>equations (116)</xref>\u0000 and \u0000<xref>(122)</xref>\u0000 appeared with errors. The correct equations and affected text follow.","PeriodicalId":55029,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials","volume":"25 2","pages":"1444-1444"},"PeriodicalIF":35.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9739/10130694/10130701.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49952793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2023.3270753
Dusit Niyato
I welcome you to the second issue of the IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials in 2023. This issue includes 15 papers covering different aspects of communication networks. In particular, these articles survey and tutor various issues in “Wireless Communications,” “Cyber Security,” “Internet Technologies,” “Network and Service Management and Green Communications,” “Multimedia Communications,” “Network Virtualization” and “Optical Communications.” A brief account for each of these papers is given below.
{"title":"Editorial: Second Quarter 2023 IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials","authors":"Dusit Niyato","doi":"10.1109/COMST.2023.3270753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2023.3270753","url":null,"abstract":"I welcome you to the second issue of the IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials in 2023. This issue includes 15 papers covering different aspects of communication networks. In particular, these articles survey and tutor various issues in “Wireless Communications,” “Cyber Security,” “Internet Technologies,” “Network and Service Management and Green Communications,” “Multimedia Communications,” “Network Virtualization” and “Optical Communications.” A brief account for each of these papers is given below.","PeriodicalId":55029,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials","volume":"25 2","pages":"i-v"},"PeriodicalIF":35.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9739/10130694/10130703.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49953123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-19DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2023.3278239
Tao Jiang;Yu Zhang;Wenyuan Ma;Miaoran Peng;Yuxiang Peng;Mingjie Feng;Guanghua Liu
Battery-free Internet-of-Things (BF-IoT), which is realized by harvesting ambient energy to power the IoT devices, has emerged to reduce the energy consumption, and alleviate environmental concerns caused by extensive battery usage. However, current wireless technologies for IoT, such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, and long range radio (LoRa), cannot be efficiently supported by ambient energy due to high power requirement, making them unfit for BF-IoT applications. Backscatter communication (BackCom) is a promising enabling technology for BF-IoT as it achieves microwatt power consumption by eliminating the need of power-hungry radio components such as analog to digital converters. The integration of BF-IoT and BackCom is expected to revolutionize IoT applications and has attracted significant attention recently. However, several fundamental issues need to be addressed to fully harvest the potential of such integration. In this article, we conduct a comprehensive and in-depth survey of BackCom enabled BF-IoT (BackCom-BF-IoT), aiming to provide useful guidance for future research and application from a practical perspective. Specifically, we first introduce the basics of BackCom-BF-IoT by presenting its hardware architecture and key components. Then, we review the existing BackCom-BF-IoT prototypes, from which four fundamental issues related to BackCom are discussed, including link performance enhancement, multi-device concurrent transmission, security guarantee, and interplay between BackCom-BF-IoT system and ambient RF communication systems. For each fundamental issue, we thoroughly review state-of-the-art advances and discuss their prospects for practical BF-IoT applications. Finally, we provide an outlook of future research directions and several case studies.
{"title":"Backscatter Communication Meets Practical Battery-Free Internet of Things: A Survey and Outlook","authors":"Tao Jiang;Yu Zhang;Wenyuan Ma;Miaoran Peng;Yuxiang Peng;Mingjie Feng;Guanghua Liu","doi":"10.1109/COMST.2023.3278239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2023.3278239","url":null,"abstract":"Battery-free Internet-of-Things (BF-IoT), which is realized by harvesting ambient energy to power the IoT devices, has emerged to reduce the energy consumption, and alleviate environmental concerns caused by extensive battery usage. However, current wireless technologies for IoT, such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, and long range radio (LoRa), cannot be efficiently supported by ambient energy due to high power requirement, making them unfit for BF-IoT applications. Backscatter communication (BackCom) is a promising enabling technology for BF-IoT as it achieves microwatt power consumption by eliminating the need of power-hungry radio components such as analog to digital converters. The integration of BF-IoT and BackCom is expected to revolutionize IoT applications and has attracted significant attention recently. However, several fundamental issues need to be addressed to fully harvest the potential of such integration. In this article, we conduct a comprehensive and in-depth survey of BackCom enabled BF-IoT (BackCom-BF-IoT), aiming to provide useful guidance for future research and application from a practical perspective. Specifically, we first introduce the basics of BackCom-BF-IoT by presenting its hardware architecture and key components. Then, we review the existing BackCom-BF-IoT prototypes, from which four fundamental issues related to BackCom are discussed, including link performance enhancement, multi-device concurrent transmission, security guarantee, and interplay between BackCom-BF-IoT system and ambient RF communication systems. For each fundamental issue, we thoroughly review state-of-the-art advances and discuss their prospects for practical BF-IoT applications. Finally, we provide an outlook of future research directions and several case studies.","PeriodicalId":55029,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials","volume":"25 3","pages":"2021-2051"},"PeriodicalIF":35.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49963430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-13DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2023.3256323
Stephanie Baker;Wei Xiang
Healthcare systems are under increasing strain due to a myriad of factors, from a steadily ageing global population to the current COVID-19 pandemic. In a world where we have needed to be connected but apart, the need for enhanced remote and at-home healthcare has become clear. The Internet of Things (IoT) offers a promising solution. The IoT has created a highly connected world, with billions of devices collecting and communicating data from a range of applications, including healthcare. Due to these high volumes of data, a natural synergy with Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become apparent - big data both enables and requires AI to interpret, understand, and make decisions that provide optimal outcomes. In this extensive survey, we thoroughly explore this synergy through an examination of the field of the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) for healthcare. This work begins by briefly establishing a unified architecture of AIoT in a healthcare context, including sensors and devices, novel communication technologies, and cross-layer AI. We then examine recent research pertaining to each component of the AIoT architecture from several key perspectives, identifying promising technologies, challenges, and opportunities that are unique to healthcare. Several examples of real-world AIoT healthcare use cases are then presented to illustrate the potential of these technologies. Lastly, this work outlines promising directions for future research in AIoT for healthcare.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence of Things for Smarter Healthcare: A Survey of Advancements, Challenges, and Opportunities","authors":"Stephanie Baker;Wei Xiang","doi":"10.1109/COMST.2023.3256323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2023.3256323","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare systems are under increasing strain due to a myriad of factors, from a steadily ageing global population to the current COVID-19 pandemic. In a world where we have needed to be connected but apart, the need for enhanced remote and at-home healthcare has become clear. The Internet of Things (IoT) offers a promising solution. The IoT has created a highly connected world, with billions of devices collecting and communicating data from a range of applications, including healthcare. Due to these high volumes of data, a natural synergy with Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become apparent - big data both enables and requires AI to interpret, understand, and make decisions that provide optimal outcomes. In this extensive survey, we thoroughly explore this synergy through an examination of the field of the Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) for healthcare. This work begins by briefly establishing a unified architecture of AIoT in a healthcare context, including sensors and devices, novel communication technologies, and cross-layer AI. We then examine recent research pertaining to each component of the AIoT architecture from several key perspectives, identifying promising technologies, challenges, and opportunities that are unique to healthcare. Several examples of real-world AIoT healthcare use cases are then presented to illustrate the potential of these technologies. Lastly, this work outlines promising directions for future research in AIoT for healthcare.","PeriodicalId":55029,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials","volume":"25 2","pages":"1261-1293"},"PeriodicalIF":35.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/9739/10130694/10066875.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49952788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：