Health Psychology最新文献

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic revealed substantial differences in engagement with recommended protective behaviors and mental health between individuals with and without disabilities. We compare mental health and physical distancing among people with disabilities and the general population in the context of the U.K. policy of "living with the virus."

Method: Data were collected via online questionnaire from July 4 to July 7, 2022 (N = 1,445, of which 590 people with disabilities). We measured anxiety and depression symptoms, engagement with physical distancing, tendency to avoid social gatherings, with additional measures from the theories of conservation resources, health beliefs, and protection motivation.

Results: People with disabilities perceived themselves to be lower in social support and self-efficacy than individuals without disabilities. People with disabilities also reported less coronavirus-specific distress and less belief in the efficacy of physical distancing as a preventative measure. People with disabilities were more likely to show symptoms of depression and more likely to avoid social gatherings than members of the U.K. general population without disabilities. People with disabilities were, however, likely to consider themselves more resilient than individuals without disabilities.

Conclusions: People with disabilities report greater depression, even 2 years into the pandemic, and were more likely to avoid social interactions with others. This study suggests it is important not to give up vigilance against the virus, and to pay special attention to the mental health and welfare of vulnerable populations, including people with disabilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition often characterized by severe menstrual pain. It takes 7 years on average to diagnose endometriosis, with menstrual stigma being an estimated factor for this delay.

Method: In this preregistered study, both the Theory of Planned Behavior and Stigma Theory are included in an online survey to understand conversation intentions about menstrual symptoms and the impact of menstrual stigma in daily life. With a partial least squares structural equation model including 776 participants, the research investigates the facilitators and barriers influencing participants' intentions to seek advice for severe menstrual discomfort across different social contexts, including conversations with friends, medical experts, and coworkers.

Results: The results highlight that the perceived public stigma surrounding menstruation is associated with higher self-stigmatization, decreased attitudes, and decreased perceived behavioral control, which in turn significantly decreases conversation intentions.

Conclusions: The study's results inform targeted interventions to promote open dialogue about menstrual health and reduce stigma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Regular physical activity (PA) is associated with many health benefits; however, up to 94% of postpartum individuals do not meet PA guidelines. Understanding mediators of postpartum PA behavior change interventions is essential to increase PA participation following childbirth. The purpose of this review was to identify putative mediators of postpartum PA interventions.

Method: Six databases were searched for primary or gray literature from inception until December 2023. Intervention studies of any language were included if they contained (a) individuals ≤ 12 months postpartum, (b) a PA intervention, (c) a no exercise or different exercise comparator, and (d) a change in PA and putative mediator outcome that could be classified with the theoretical domains framework (TDF). Results were categorized by mediation path, mediator TDF domain, and PA outcome.

Results: Twenty-eight articles (3,328 participants) were eligible, and summary effects for Paths AB, A, B, and C were calculated from two, 19, two, and 18 unique studies, respectively. For the mediation Path AB, we found very small effects from the domains of beliefs about capabilities (r = .08), beliefs about consequences (r = .02), environmental context and resources (r = .01), and social influences (r = .08). We found a small total effect (Path C, r = .12) of postpartum PA interventions on PA.

Conclusion: Future postpartum PA interventions should integrate components that increase outcomes under the domains of beliefs about capabilities, beliefs about consequences, environmental context and resources, and social influences. Further research that tests nonconscious mediators (e.g., PA habit, identity) is needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Trauma exposure may be linked to accelerated biological aging. However, studies have largely considered childhood abuse, with limited consideration of lifetime trauma exposure, particularly for women. Furthermore, few studies have considered newer epigenetic clocks, which have enhanced links with health outcomes. Among midlife women, we investigated whether lifetime trauma exposure is associated with older epigenetic age with several generations of clocks. We explored associations between childhood maltreatment and epigenetic age and racial differences in associations between trauma and epigenetic age.

Method: Two hundred sixteen women (M_age = 59 years, 83% non-Hispanic White, 13% Black, and 4% other race/ethnicities) underwent physical measures, questionnaires to assess lifetime trauma exposure, and a blood draw. A subset of 123 women completed childhood maltreatment measures. Extrinsic epigenetic age, GrimAge, principal component-based PhenoAge, and DunedinPACE were calculated. Clocks were residualized for age and Z-scored for analysis. Associations between trauma and epigenetic age were estimated in linear regression (covariates race, education, body mass index, and estimated cell counts). Interactions by race were tested.

Results: Relative to women without trauma exposure, those with ≥ 2 lifetime traumas had older epigenetic age, GrimAge, 1: B (SE) = 0.15 (0.15), p = .31, 2+: B (SE) = 0.39 (0.13), p = .004; DunedinPACE, 1: B (SE) = 0.23 (0.12), p = .07, 2+: B (SE) = 0.33 (0.11), p = .003. Childhood sexual abuse was also associated with older epigenetic age, GrimAge: B (SE) = 0.56 (0.24), p = .021. Exploratory models suggested that trauma was related to epigenetic age primarily among Black women.

Conclusion: Among midlife women, greater lifetime trauma and possibly childhood sexual abuse were associated with older epigenetic age, independent of chronologic age. Black women may be particularly affected. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Background: Blood is an essential medicine, and to deliver effective health care, blood services need to attract donors who represent the diverse demographics of health care users. At present, there is a substantial shortfall of Black donors. We report how a novel community-based co-designed arts-based approach to encourage Black donors generalizes to the wider U.K.

Population:

Method: The co-design process involved four stages: (a) needs identification (n = 42 Black people) to identify where, when and with whom Black people discussed blood donation; (b) workshops to co-design arts-based interventions (n = 12: Black people-professional actors/artists and lay people); (c) test and refinement of the narratives (n = 1); and (d) evaluation using an online experiment to provide a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the co-designed narratives relative to a slogan-based campaign in terms of affect (mediator) and two outcomes (willingness to donate and encourage others to donate; n = 826: 345 Black people, 481 White people).

Results: Four script narratives were produced: (a) comedy-challenging misconceptions; (b) reciprocity-donating for mutual benefit; (c) donor-recipient-linking donors and recipients; and (d) sliding doors-reversing a timeline to provide a positive outcome. All four narratives were evaluated positively. For White people, the slogan-based campaign enhanced both outcomes via positive affect. For Black people, the donor-recipient narrative enhanced both outcomes via positive affect.

Conclusion: All communities positively rated the co-designed arts-based approaches and showed specific benefits for encouraging Black donors. Blood services should consider using co-designed arts-based approaches. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: This study aimed to examine the extent to which pediatric emergency department visits and admissions are preventable and whether caregiver-reported social factors predict future preventable visits.

Method: Caregivers of hospitalized children (N = 249) completed a predischarge survey regarding health care utilization and social drivers of health (e.g., adverse childhood experiences and experiences of racial discrimination). Chart reviews were conducted 365 days postdischarge to capture the presence and frequency of acute medical events (AMEs; i.e., readmissions and emergency department visits). Three methods of determining the preventability of AMEs were used to examine the relationship between preventable AMEs and medical status, demographic characteristics, and social drivers of health.

Results: Of the youth who experienced an AME, over half (67%) experienced one or more events classified as "preventable" by at least one method. Statistically significant predictors associated with preventable events included age under 1 (OR = 4.17), complex/chronic medical status (OR = 3.03), other children in the home with health concerns (OR = 1.85), and the presence of a neurocognitive disorder (OR = 2.97). Higher caregiver education (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.31) was related to fewer preventable events overall. Child mental health condition (IRR = 18.62), having a deceased caregiver (IRR = 4.35), and child experiences of racial or ethnic discrimination (IRR = 6.01) were related to more preventable readmissions.

Conclusion: A substantial number of AMEs may be preventable. Caregiver reports of social factors should be included in risk assessments to inform tailored interventions and discharge plans based on unique family characteristics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: The present study tested a novel integration of prospective associations of sociodemographic factors, dispositional tendencies, primary vaccine intention, illness beliefs and experiences, preventive beliefs and behaviors, contextual vaccine-related influences, primary vaccination propensity, and subjective numeracy with subsequent COVID-19 booster vaccination.

Method: The preregistered study used a stratified online U.S. sample (N = 500). Four assessments were aligned with "15 days to slow the spread" in March 2020 (baseline), the vaccine authorization and major case/mortality surge during December 2020 and January 2021 (Time 2), the third major/case mortality surge during September-November 2021 (Time 3), and the immediate postpandemic period during May-July 2023 (Time 4).

Results: Path modeling showed greater education at baseline, and perceived risk of infection, flu vaccine history, and primary vaccination at Time 3 were prospective predictors of booster vaccination propensity at Time 4. The effect of greater educational attainment was maintained, in part, by stronger flu vaccine history. The use of reliable COVID-19 vaccine information sources at Time 3 indirectly predicted booster vaccination propensity via primary vaccination propensity. Finally, greater trait openness and less conservative political beliefs showed serially indirect prospective associations with booster vaccination via stronger intermediating vaccine intention and then via stronger primary vaccination propensity.

Conclusions: The integrative psychosocial model identified direct and indirect pathways from antecedent characteristics to booster vaccination, providing further direction for the framing of health provider, public health, and media communications for promoting booster vaccination and mitigating related misinformation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Identifying factors associated with co-operative health-protective behaviors (e.g., vaccination and social distancing) is critical during crises requiring collective action. This research examines two hypotheses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: (a) the situational-strength hypothesis, which predicts that the impact of prosocial preferences on repeated low-cost co-operative actions (e.g., adherence to government guidelines) is moderated by situational ambiguity (e.g., clarity of guidelines); and (b) the vaccination-altruism hypothesis, predicting prosocial individuals are more likely to undertake high-cost co-operative actions (e.g., initial COVID-19 vaccination) due to other-regarding motives.

Method: Study 1 (N = 2, 861) assessed four prosocial behaviors (blood donation, organ donor registration, monetary donation, and volunteering) and three classic co-operative games (dictator, trust, and public goods) to validate a prosocial-phenotype (PP) measure. Study 2 (N = 3, 077) utilized an eight-wave U.K. panel survey (March 2020-July 2021) to test the situational strength and vaccination-altruism hypotheses.

Results: Study 1 found that past prosocial behavior was significantly correlated with behavior in co-operative games, supporting construction of the PP measure. In Study 2, higher PP, in line with the situational-strength hypothesis, was associated with greater adherence to guidelines, but only when rules were ambiguous. Higher PP was also associated with greater stated willingness and uptake of vaccination. Although self-protection was the most common motive to vaccinate, high-PP individuals were more likely to cite protecting others and achieving herd immunity.

Conclusion: Prosociality plays a dynamic role in influencing both low- and high-cost co-operative health protective behaviors, offering insights for public health strategies in future crises. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: A systematic review (CRD42023422237) examined the effect of social identity processes on objectively measured physical health.

Method: Eligible studies (a) quantitatively manipulated or measured social identity strength, salience, or threat, or multiple group membership, and (b) objectively measured (i.e., nonself-report) health behavior, physical health, or health-relevant biomarker. PsychINFO, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus were searched (24 September 2024). We conducted narrative synthesis, meta-analysis for sufficiently homogenous subclusters, and risk of bias assessment.

Results: The 106 studies (N_total = 290,816; 20 countries; published 1982-2024) were highly diverse in design and dependent variables and were grouped into five discrete clusters. First, 46 studies assessed whether threats to social identities increased acute cardiovascular reactivity, g = 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [.179, .617] (42 effects, N = 1,432). Second, 21 studies assessed whether social identity salience reduced stress biomarkers, g = -0.28, 95% CI = [-.544, -.006] (20 effects, N = 487). Third, 16 studies (too heterogenous for meta-analysis) found evidence of ingroup normative influence on health behaviors. Fourth, six studies (too heterogenous for meta-analysis) assessed social identification in health interventions; five found benefits for disease-related outcomes. Finally, 17 studies examined the protective effect of subjective (multiple) group membership on long-term health (e.g., mortality), OR = .59, 95% CI = [.385, .891] (eight effects, N = 27,985). Studies were high quality on average, although there was some evidence of publication bias.

Conclusion: Results provide evidence for both social cure and social curse predictions of the social identity approach to health. We identified five distinct ways in which social identity processes affect physical health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine how diabetes-related emotional distress and depressive symptoms are uniquely related to objective measures of glycemic outcomes in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Existing research demonstrates that diabetes distress is better able to account for glycemic outcomes when compared to depressive symptoms. However, few studies have focused on this comparison when assessing glycemic outcomes using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) indices specifically in T2DM populations.

Method: Sixty-three adults diagnosed with T2DM were recruited from an outpatient endocrinology clinic. Diabetes-related emotional distress and depressive symptoms were assessed via self-report measures. Glycemic outcomes were measured using the gold standard hemoglobin A1c and 7 days of CGM data (measuring both glucose concentration levels and variation). The relationship between diabetes-related emotional distress (operationalized as a latent factor), depressive symptomatology, and glycemic outcome metrics (i.e., hemoglobin A1c and CGM-based) was evaluated using structural equation modeling.

Results: Moderate-sized associations were observed between diabetes-related emotional distress and a majority of the glycemic outcome metrics when controlling for depressive symptoms. No associations were observed between depressive symptoms and glycemic outcome metrics when controlling for diabetes-related emotional distress.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that following a T2DM diagnosis, diabetes-related emotional distress is better able to account for variance in glycemic outcomes when compared to depressive symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).