Health Psychology最新文献

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the sex-specific associations between depressive symptom trajectories and the risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Method: This longitudinal study was based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Chinese residents aged ≥45 years with sufficient information were included in 2011-2015 and followed up in 2018. The sex-specific associations between depressive symptom trajectories and T2DM were calculated by Multivariable Cox frailty models. The population attributable fractions were used to quantify the risk of T2DM associated with trajectories of depressive symptoms.

Results: Of the 2,949 males and 3,407 females included, 99 and 122 developed T2DM, respectively. We identified four depressive symptom trajectories in both sexes: maintained-low, decreasing, increasing, and maintained-high. Compared to those in maintained-low trajectory, females in all other trajectories had higher risks of T2DM (hazard ratios [HRs] ranged from 2.01 to 3.93). In comparison, only maintained-high (HR = 2.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.42, 5.77]) and decreasing depressive symptom trajectories were associated with increased risk of T2DM (1.82, [1.10, 3.00]) in males. The T2DM risks attributable to maintained-high, increasing, and decreasing trajectories were 16.35%-23.75% in females. In males, maintained-high and decreasing trajectories accounted for 9.14% and 11.98% of T2DM risks.

Conclusion: The sex-specific analysis revealed the trajectories with initially high levels of depressive symptoms were associated with T2DM in both sexes. Additionally, females exhibited an extra risk of T2DM associated with the increasing depressive symptoms trajectory. The findings necessitate monitoring and addressing depressive symptoms in preventing T2DM in both males and females. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Black Americans face disproportionate challenges related to substance use and the health impacts of substance use, including accelerated aging. Accordingly, interventions are needed to protect against the harmful effects of substance use on accelerated aging. The present study examined whether the Protecting Strong African American Families (ProSAAF) intervention, a relationship education program designed to promote strong relationships among Black families, moderated the association between substance use and accelerated aging among Black couples.

Method: Black couples received either the ProSAAF intervention or a minimal-touch control intervention and provided deoxyribonucleic acid specimens for methylation-based biomarker measurements of alcohol use and cigarette smoking (Alcohol T scores and cg05575921, combined into a substance use composite) and accelerated aging (DNAm GrimAge) 6- and 9 years postintervention.

Results: Participants receiving the ProSAAF intervention (relative to the control condition) experienced a significantly weaker association between substance use and accelerated aging. Among the participants who were in the same relationship as when they were initially randomized, the association between substance use and aging was significantly weaker in the ProSAAF condition than in the control condition for participants with lower relationship satisfaction preintervention; no differences emerged among those with higher satisfaction.

Conclusions: ProSAAF mitigated some of the harmful effects of substance use on accelerated aging among Black couples, particularly among those with lower preintervention relationship satisfaction. These findings highlight the potential for relationship interventions to serve as sources of constructed resilience that promote healthier aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to determine if there is an existing link between attachment orientation and platelet activity. Second to this primary aim, was to explore moderating factors by which attachment may influence platelet activity, including trauma, age, and gender, given prior work.

Method: Regression analyses were used for the primary aims. Consistent with prior work on psychosocial processes and biological pathways, age, gender, ethnicity, and measures of body mass index were controlled for. The main effects of attachment orientation on platelet levels were examined.

Results: Both anxious (b = -0.25, SE = 0.07, p = .0004) and avoidant attachment (b = -0.27, SE = 0.08, p = .001) orientations were negatively related to levels of platelet activation when considering the standard control factors.

Conclusion: Whereas no significant moderation was found, our regression analyses indicated reliable main effects of attachment orientation on platelet activity. Importantly, our novel findings are in the same direction of similar research, demonstrating that acute versus chronic states of anxiety or stress may have distinctly different influences on levels of platelet activity. This is consequential, as this has different implications for the onset, development, and treatment of diseases linked to chronic states of anxiety or stress, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and stroke. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: This study investigates the divergent effects of daily relationship closeness on partners of individuals with chronic back pain (ICBPs). It examines whether greater daily closeness (emotional, behavioral, and cognitive) is associated with both increased partner distress due to ICBP's pain and more positive marital interactions.

Method: Data were drawn from a 30-day daily diary study involving 147 older couples, where one partner suffers from chronic back pain. Participants completed daily surveys on pain experiences, distress, and relationship closeness using tablet computers. Multivariate multilevel models tested the moderating effects of closeness on the association between ICBP's pain-related experiences (severity, interference, and catastrophizing) and partner pain-related distress, while also assessing its impact on marital interaction quality.

Results: As predicted, emotional closeness moderated the link between ICBP's pain severity and partner distress, with stronger distress reported on days of high emotional closeness. Emotional closeness was also associated with more positive marital interactions that day. Contrary to expectation, there was a stronger effect of ICBP's pain catastrophizing on partner distress on days of low behavioral closeness (i.e., less often working together on projects and engaging in outside interests together). Cognitive closeness showed a similar pattern, but the interaction was not statistically significant after inclusion of covariates.

Conclusion: These findings illustrate a complex interplay between closeness and personal well-being in couples managing chronic illness and suggest the need for interventions that target both the benefits and potential costs of closeness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: This research explores the relationship between affect regulation and health behavior change through two studies. Study 1 tested whether difficulties with affect regulation are associated with lower health-related behavioral intentions. Study 2 introduces the Calibrate and Qualify Model to examine the role of cognitive reappraisal in predicting health-related intentions and behavior. We posit that reappraisal could impact health behaviors either by shaping the favorability of health-related attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control, thereby increasing intentions and subsequently behavior (Calibrate Route) or by serving as a moderator, such that healthful cognitions better predict intentions and behavior at high levels of cognitive reappraisal (Qualify Route).

Method: Study 1 was a cross-sectional study of 15 health behaviors (N = 319) that measured reasoned action approach (RAA) variables and difficulties in emotion regulation. Study 2 was a 3-month longitudinal study (N = 807) of eight health-related behaviors that tested the Calibrate and Qualify Model predictions using measures of cognitive reappraisal, RAA variables, and habit.

Results: Difficulties in emotion regulation, and limited access to affect regulation strategies in particular, predicted intentions to perform health behaviors (Study 1). Findings from Study 2 supported the Calibrate Route: cognitive reappraisal predicted intentions, and the reappraisal-intention relation was mediated by RAA variables. Supporting the Qualify Route, we observed a three-way interaction between habit, reappraisal, and intention, indicating that cognitive reappraisal combined with strong intentions attenuated the influence of habit on behavior.

Conclusions: Our research suggests that affect regulation is an important consideration for predicting and understanding health behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Adolescence is a pivotal foundation for lifelong health and a phase vulnerable to the adverse effects of discrimination. We assessed the impact of perceived discrimination on adolescent well-being over 2 years and the mediating effects of protective (physical activity, nutrition, and sleep) and risky (substance use) health behaviors.

Method: Adolescents (N = 9,957; M_age = 14.90 years) from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries multinational panel (a longitudinal survey in four European countries) were examined across three waves. Direct and indirect relationships were analyzed using path models, adjusting for health behaviors, well-being, and control variables (age, gender, socioeconomic status, migration, and religion) assessed in Wave 1.

Results: Adolescents reported the most discrimination instances within the school environment. Perceived discrimination at Wave 1 was significantly associated with decreased well-being at Wave 3 (β = -.04, p < .001) and decreased protective (physical activity, β = -.02; nutrition, β = -.04; sleep, β = -.04) and increased risky (substance use, β = .03) health behaviors at Wave 2. Nutrition and sleep mediated the relationship between perceived discrimination and well-being; no mediation was found for physical activity and substance use.

Conclusions: Even in observational data with 1-year assessment intervals, detrimental long-term effects of perceived discrimination on adolescent well-being are apparent, mediated through changes in nutrition and sleep behaviors. These results extend previous research-predominantly focusing on substance use-showing that perceived discrimination also predicted fewer protective health behaviors. Adolescence represents a strategic window for addressing discrimination and promoting healthy behaviors and well-being to mitigate long-term health disparities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: "Scanxiety" is a common and distressing experience that can negatively impact quality of life after completing cancer treatment, yet little research has investigated risk factors for scanxiety as it emerges in real time. This study used an ecological momentary assessment design to examine how uncertainty management strategies predict the experience of "scanxiety," operationalized via self-reported fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) in the days before, on, and after a routine surveillance scan or test.

Method: Adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer (N = 55, M_age = 17.31 years, M = 2.90 years off treatment) self-reported how they manage uncertainty surrounding surveillance scans, including strategies of bracing for the worst, hoping for the best, and remaining optimistic. Daily FCR was captured via a smartphone app for 11 days surrounding a surveillance scan.

Results: In the days before the scan, bracing for bad news predicted greater overall fear of recurrence and a sharper increase in daily fear of recurrence. Bracing also predicted greater fear of recurrence on the day of the scan and a steeper decrease in fear of recurrence after receiving reassuring scan results. Findings held while controlling for baseline fear of recurrence. Hope and optimism did not predict daily fear of recurrence.

Conclusion: Adolescent and young adult cancer survivors who brace for bad news may experience worse FCR while awaiting surveillance scans, yet this fear largely resolves following good news. Positive uncertainty management strategies (hope and optimism) do not appear to buffer against scanxiety. Findings can inform scanxiety intervention development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: To investigate the trajectory of social engagement from before to after diabetes diagnosis at three time points (prediagnosis, diagnosis, 2 years postdiagnosis) in individuals who developed diabetes and a comparison group.

Method: Data were from 3,185 initially diabetes-free participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (Wave 2; 2004-2005). Face-to-face contact and telephone contact with friends, family, and children were assessed from Wave 3 (2006-2007) to Wave 8 (2016-2017). Cultural engagement (derived as an index of museum, theatre, and cinema attendance) was also measured from Waves 3 to 8. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess differences by group, time, and group-by-time interactions, adjusting for age, sex, wealth, education, marital status, ethnicity, depressive symptoms, sedentary behavior, and limiting physical illness.

Results: A total of 341 (10.7%) individuals developed diabetes. The diabetes group reported lower face-to-face contact, W²(1) = 17.06, p < .001, and lower telephone contact, W²(1) = 13.06, p < .001, than the comparison group across all time points. They were less likely to engage in cultural activities, W²(1) = 13.03, p < .001, across time points. No significant group-by-time interactions were detected for any of the social engagement variables.

Conclusion: Individuals who develop diabetes have lower face-to-face and telephone contact with friends, family, and children than those who do not develop diabetes. They also report lower engagement with cultural activities than those without diabetes. Future research should investigate whether screening for social factors during a midlife health check could mitigate the potential impact of diabetes on people's social engagement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Communal coping is an interpersonal coping style that has been linked to positive psychosocial and health outcomes. The study goals were (a) to investigate changes in communal coping among persons with diabetes (PWD) over 5 years and (b) to assess how links of communal coping to outcomes change over that time.

Method: A measurement burst design was used. Couples in which one person had Type 2 diabetes (64% White, 36% Black) completed a 14-day diary shortly after diagnosis (M = 1.88 years) (2012-2017) and again 5 years later. Mean levels of communal coping (shared appraisal, collaboration) among PWD were compared across the two bursts to assess changes in communal coping. Multilevel modeling was used to assess links of between- and within-person communal copings to psychosocial (mood, coping, positive support, and negative interactions) and diabetes (glucose checking, glucose level, and dietary adherence) outcomes. Interactions with time were included to determine how links of communal coping to outcomes changed over time.

Results: Communal coping decreased across the 5 years among the 99 PWD. Consistent with past research, within- and between-person communal copings were linked to positive psychosocial outcomes and improved diet. Overall, between-person communal coping was more strongly linked to positive outcomes at Time 2 than Time 1. The opposite pattern was observed at the within-person level, but it was less consistent for diabetes outcomes, and several exceptions emerged.

Conclusions: Person-level communal coping becomes more important over time. Interventions aimed at sustaining communal coping may facilitate better health among people with Type 2 diabetes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Objective: Pediatric chronic pain is pervasive and associated with myriad adverse consequences, yet due consideration has not been given to the mental health disturbances that often present alongside chronic pain and the etiological mechanisms that potentially underlie both. The current study examined the genetic and environmental etiology underlying chronic pain and internalizing symptomology in middle childhood, considering both independent and co-occurring symptom presentations.

Method: The sample comprised 795 children (399 families; M_age = 9.7 years; SD = 0.92) drawn from the Arizona Twin Project. The sample was 51.2% female and was racially/ethnically diverse (59.8% non-Hispanic White, 28.0% Hispanic/Latinx, 3.4% Asian, 3.9% Black, and 4.9% mixed race/other); 31% of twins were monozygotic, 35% same-sex dizygotic, and 34% other-sex dizygotic. Families were socioeconomically diverse based on income to needs ratios (7.3% below the poverty line, 22.9% at or near the poverty line, 15.9% in lower middle class, and 53.9% in middle to upper class).

Results: The results indicated that chronic pain was highly heritable (78%). Internalizing symptomology was modestly heritable (32%) and further subject to moderate shared environmental influence (50%). Moreover, 9% of the variance in chronic pain was explained by additive genetic factors shared with internalizing symptomology.

Conclusions: In middle childhood, chronic pain and internalizing symptoms are largely distinct, with shared genetic influences accounting for their co-occurrence, supporting the idea that comorbidity increases with age via transactional influences. Results provide novel insight into common liabilities underlying pediatric chronic pain and internalizing symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).