Let A and G be finite groups such that A acts coprimely on G by automorphisms. We prove that if every self-centralizing non-nilpotent A-invariant subgroup of G is a TI-subgroup or a subnormal subgroup, then every non-nilpotent A-invariant subgroup of G is subnormal and G is p-nilpotent or p-closed for any prime divisor p of |G|{|G|}. If every self-centralizing non-metacyclic A-invariant subgroup of G is a TI-subgroup or a subnormal subgroup, then every non-metacyclic A-invariant subgroup of G is subnormal and G is solvable.
设 A 和 G 都是有限群,且 A 通过自动形共同作用于 G。我们证明,如果 G 的每个自中心化非零能 A 不变子群都是 TI 子群或子正常子群,那么 G 的每个非零能 A 不变子群都是子正常的,并且对于 | G | {|G|} 的任何素除数 p,G 都是 p 零能或 p 封闭的。如果 G 的每个自中心化非元胞 A 不变子群都是 TI 子群或子正常子群,那么 G 的每个非元胞 A 不变子群都是子正常的,并且 G 是可解的。
{"title":"Finite groups in which some particular invariant subgroups are TI-subgroups or subnormal subgroups","authors":"Yifan Liu, Jiangtao Shi","doi":"10.1515/gmj-2024-2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/gmj-2024-2001","url":null,"abstract":"Let <jats:italic>A</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> be finite groups such that <jats:italic>A</jats:italic> acts coprimely on <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> by automorphisms. We prove that if every self-centralizing non-nilpotent <jats:italic>A</jats:italic>-invariant subgroup of <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> is a TI-subgroup or a subnormal subgroup, then every non-nilpotent <jats:italic>A</jats:italic>-invariant subgroup of <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> is subnormal and <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> is <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-nilpotent or <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-closed for any prime divisor <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</m:mo> <m:mi>G</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">|</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2024-2001_eq_0039.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{|G|}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>. If every self-centralizing non-metacyclic <jats:italic>A</jats:italic>-invariant subgroup of <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> is a TI-subgroup or a subnormal subgroup, then every non-metacyclic <jats:italic>A</jats:italic>-invariant subgroup of <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> is subnormal and <jats:italic>G</jats:italic> is solvable.","PeriodicalId":55101,"journal":{"name":"Georgian Mathematical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139590014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we explore the spectral properties of unbounded generalized Fredholm operators acting on a non-reflexive Banach space X. The results are formulated in terms of some topological conditions made on X or on its dual X*{X^{*}}. In addition, we introduce the concept of the so-called g-g-Riesz linear operators as an extension of Riesz operators. The obtained results are used to discuss the incidence of the behavior of generalized essential spectra. Furthermore, a relation between the generalized essential spectrum and the left (resp. the right) essential spectrum by means of g-Riesz perturbation is provided.
在本文中,我们探讨了作用于非反射巴拿赫空间 X 的无界广义弗雷德霍姆算子的谱性质。结果是根据对 X 或其对偶 X * {X^{*}} 的一些拓扑条件得出的。 .此外,我们还引入了所谓 g-g-Riesz 线性算子的概念,作为 Riesz 算子的扩展。所获得的结果被用来讨论广义本质谱行为的发生。此外,我们还通过 g-Riesz 扰动提供了广义本质谱与左(或右)本质谱之间的关系。
{"title":"Generalized essential spectra involving the class of g-g-Riesz operators","authors":"Imen Ferjani, Omaima Kchaou, Bilel Krichen","doi":"10.1515/gmj-2024-2002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/gmj-2024-2002","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore the spectral properties of unbounded generalized Fredholm operators acting on a non-reflexive Banach space <jats:italic>X</jats:italic>. The results are formulated in terms of some topological conditions made on <jats:italic>X</jats:italic> or on its dual <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:msup> <m:mi>X</m:mi> <m:mo>*</m:mo> </m:msup> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2024-2002_eq_0247.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{X^{*}}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>. In addition, we introduce the concept of the so-called g-g-Riesz linear operators as an extension of Riesz operators. The obtained results are used to discuss the incidence of the behavior of generalized essential spectra. Furthermore, a relation between the generalized essential spectrum and the left (resp. the right) essential spectrum by means of g-Riesz perturbation is provided.","PeriodicalId":55101,"journal":{"name":"Georgian Mathematical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139647865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The analytic relation between solutions of the original Cauchy problem and a corresponding perturbed problem is established. In the representation formula of solution, the effects of the discontinuous initial condition and perturbation of the initial data are revealed.
{"title":"On the representation of solution for the perturbed quasi-linear controlled neutral functional-differential equation with the discontinuous initial condition","authors":"Abdeljalil Nachaoui, Tea Shavadze, Tamaz Tadumadze","doi":"10.1515/gmj-2023-2122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/gmj-2023-2122","url":null,"abstract":"The analytic relation between solutions of the original Cauchy problem and a corresponding perturbed problem is established. In the representation formula of solution, the effects of the discontinuous initial condition and perturbation of the initial data are revealed.","PeriodicalId":55101,"journal":{"name":"Georgian Mathematical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139422507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Let R be a prime ring, let 0≠b∈R{0neq bin R}, and let α and β be two automorphisms of R. Suppose that F:R→R{F:Rrightarrow R}, F1:R→R{F_{1}:Rrightarrow R} are two b-generalized (α,β){(alpha,beta)}-derivations of R associated with the same (α,β){(alpha,beta)}-derivation d:R→Rd:Rrightarrow R, and let G
设 R 是素环,设 0≠b∈R {0neq bin R} ,设 α 和 β 是 R 的两个自变量。 假设 F : R → R {F:Rrightarrow R} , F 1 : R → R {F_{1}:Rrightarrow R} 是 R 的两个自变量。 , F 1 : R → R {F_{1}:Rrightarrow R} 是 R 的两个 b-generalized ( α , β ) {(alpha,beta)} -derivation ,与同一个 ( α , β ) {(alpha,beta)} -derivation d 相关联: R → R d:Rrightarrow R ,让 G : R → R G:Rrightarrow R 是 R 的一个 b-generalized ( α , β ) (alpha,beta) -derivation ,与 ( α , β ) (alpha,beta) -derivation g 相关联: R → R g:Rrightarrow R 。本文的主要目的是研究以下代数等式:(1) F ( x y ) + α ( x y ) + α ( y x ) = 0 {F(xy)+alpha(xy)+alpha(yx)=0} ,(2) F ( x y ) + α ( x y ) + α ( y x ) = 0 {F(xy)+alpha(xy)+alpha(yx)=0} 。 (2) F ( x y ) + G ( x ) α ( y ) + α ( y x ) = 0 {F(xy)+G(x)alpha(y)+alpha(yx)=0} (3) F ( x y ) + G ( y x ) + α ( x y ) + α ( y x ) = 0 {F(xy)+G(yx)+alpha(xy)+alpha(yx)=0} , (4) F ( x ) + G ( x ) + α ( y x ) = 0 {F(xy)+G(x)+alpha(yx)=0} (4) F ( x ) F ( y ) + G ( x ) α ( y ) + α ( y x ) = 0 {F(x)F(y)+G(x)alpha(y)+alpha(yx)=0} , (5) F ( x y ) + G ( yx ) + α ( y x ) = 0 {F(x)F(y)+G(x)alpha(yx)=0} (5) F ( x y ) + d ( x ) F 1 ( y ) + α ( x y ) = 0 {F(xy)+d(x)F_{1}(y)+alpha(xy)=0} (6) F ( x y ) + d ( x ) F 1 ( y ) = 0 {F(xy)+d(x)F_{1}(y)=0} , (7) F ( x y ) + d ( x ) F 1 ( y ) = 0 {F(xy)+d(x)F_{1}(y)=0} (7) F ( x y ) + d ( x ) F 1 ( y ) + α ( y x ) = 0 {F(xy)+d(x)F_{1}(y)+alpha(yx)=0} , (8) F ( x y ) + d ( x ) F 1 ( y ) = 0 {F(xy)+d(x)F_{1}(y)+alpha(yx)=0} (8) F ( x y ) + d ( x ) F 1 ( y ) + α ( x y ) + α ( y x ) = 0 {F(xy)+d(x)F_{1}(y)+alpha(xy)+alpha(yx)=0} , (9) F ( x y ) + d ( x ) F 1 ( y ) + α ( y x ) = 0 {F(xy)+d(x)F_{1}(y)+alpha(yx)=0} (9) F ( x y ) + d ( x ) F 1 ( y ) + α ( y x ) - α ( x y ) = 0 {F(xy)+d(x)F_{1}(y)+alpha(yx)-alpha(xy)=0} , (10) [ F ( x y ) +d(x)F_{1}(y)+alpha(yx)-alpha(xy)=0} (10) [ F ( x ) , x ] α , β = 0 {[F(x),x]_{alpha,beta}=0} , (11) ( F ( x ) , x ] α , β = 0 {[F(x),x]_{alpha,beta}=0} (11) ( F ( x ) ∘ x ) α , β = 0 {(F(x)circ x)_{alpha,beta}=0} , (12) F ( [ x ] α , β = 0 {[F(x)circ x]_{alpha,beta}=0} (12) F ( [ x , y ] ) = [ x , y ] α , β {F([x,y])=[x,y]_{alpha,beta}} (13) F ( x ∘ y ) = ( x ∘ y ) α , β {F(xcirc y)=(xcirc y)_{alpha,beta}} for all x , y {x,y} in some suitable subset of R.
{"title":"A note on b-generalized (α,β)-derivations in prime rings","authors":"Nripendu Bera, Basudeb Dhara","doi":"10.1515/gmj-2023-2121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/gmj-2023-2121","url":null,"abstract":"Let <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> be a prime ring, let <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mrow> <m:mn>0</m:mn> <m:mo>≠</m:mo> <m:mi>b</m:mi> <m:mo>∈</m:mo> <m:mi>R</m:mi> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2023-2121_eq_0112.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{0neq bin R}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>, and let α and β be two automorphisms of <jats:italic>R</jats:italic>. Suppose that <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mrow> <m:mi>F</m:mi> <m:mo>:</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mi>R</m:mi> <m:mo>→</m:mo> <m:mi>R</m:mi> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2023-2121_eq_0147.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{F:Rrightarrow R}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mrow> <m:msub> <m:mi>F</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msub> <m:mo>:</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mi>R</m:mi> <m:mo>→</m:mo> <m:mi>R</m:mi> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2023-2121_eq_0155.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{F_{1}:Rrightarrow R}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> are two <jats:italic>b</jats:italic>-generalized <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo> <m:mi>α</m:mi> <m:mo>,</m:mo> <m:mi>β</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2023-2121_eq_0103.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{(alpha,beta)}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>-derivations of <jats:italic>R</jats:italic> associated with the same <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo> <m:mi>α</m:mi> <m:mo>,</m:mo> <m:mi>β</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2023-2121_eq_0103.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{(alpha,beta)}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>-derivation <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mrow> <m:mi>d</m:mi> <m:mo>:</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mi>R</m:mi> <m:mo>→</m:mo> <m:mi>R</m:mi> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2023-2121_eq_0098.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>d:Rrightarrow R</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>, and let <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mrow> <m:mi>G</m:mi>","PeriodicalId":55101,"journal":{"name":"Georgian Mathematical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139103439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper considers nonlocal boundary value problems for hyperbolic equations on the circle T1mathbb{T}^{1}. The first-order modified difference scheme for the numerical solution of nonlocal boundary value problems for hyperbolic equations on a circle is presented. The stability and coercivity estimates in various Hölder norms for solutions of the difference schemes are established. Moreover, numerical examples are provided.
本文研究了圆 T 1 mathbb{T}^{1} 上双曲方程的非局部边界值问题。本文提出了用于圆上双曲方程非局部边界值问题数值求解的一阶修正差分方案。建立了差分方案解在各种赫尔德规范下的稳定性和矫顽力估计。此外,还提供了数值示例。
{"title":"Numerical approaches for solution of hyperbolic difference equations on circle","authors":"Allaberen Ashyralyev, Fatih Hezenci, Yasar Sozen","doi":"10.1515/gmj-2023-2103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/gmj-2023-2103","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper considers nonlocal boundary value problems for hyperbolic equations on the circle <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:msup> <m:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">T</m:mi> <m:mn>1</m:mn> </m:msup> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2023-2103_ineq_0001.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>mathbb{T}^{1}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>. The first-order modified difference scheme for the numerical solution of nonlocal boundary value problems for hyperbolic equations on a circle is presented. The stability and coercivity estimates in various Hölder norms for solutions of the difference schemes are established. Moreover, numerical examples are provided.","PeriodicalId":55101,"journal":{"name":"Georgian Mathematical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139092302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Under some suitable conditions, we show that at least three weak solutions exist for a system of differential equations involving the (p(x),q(x)){(p(x),q(x))} Laplacian-like with indefinite weights. The proof is related to the Bonanno–Marano critical theorem (Appl. Anal. 89 (2010), 1–10).
在一些合适的条件下,我们证明了涉及 ( p ( x ) , q ( x ) ) 的微分方程系统至少存在三个弱解 {(p(x),q(x))} 的微分方程系统至少存在三个弱解。证明与 Bonanno-Marano 临界定理有关(Appl.89 (2010), 1-10).
{"title":"Multiplicity result for a (p(x),q(x))-Laplacian-like system with indefinite weights","authors":"Khaled Kefi, Chaima Nefzi","doi":"10.1515/gmj-2023-2107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/gmj-2023-2107","url":null,"abstract":"Under some suitable conditions, we show that at least three weak solutions exist for a system of differential equations involving the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mi>p</m:mi> <m:mo></m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo> <m:mi>x</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> <m:mo>,</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mi>q</m:mi> <m:mo></m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo> <m:mi>x</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2023-2107_eq_0108.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{(p(x),q(x))}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> Laplacian-like with indefinite weights. The proof is related to the Bonanno–Marano critical theorem (<jats:italic>Appl. Anal.</jats:italic> 89 (2010), 1–10).","PeriodicalId":55101,"journal":{"name":"Georgian Mathematical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139077826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Let Φ:[0,∞)→[0,∞){Phi:[0,infty)rightarrow[0,infty)} be a Young’s function satisfying the Δ2{Delta_{2}}-condition and let Mℬ{M_{mathcal{B}}} be the geometric maximal operator associated to a homothecy invariant basis ℬ{mathcal{B}} acting on measurable functions on ℝn{mathbb{R}^{n}}. Let Q be the unit cube in ℝn{mathbb{R}^{n}} and let LΦ
设 Φ : [ 0 , ∞ ) → [ 0 , ∞ ) {Phi:[0,infty)rightarrow[0,infty)}是满足Δ 2 {Delta_{2}} 的杨氏函数。 -条件,并让 M ℬ {M_{mathcal{B}} 是与作用于ℝ n {mathbb{R}^{n} 上可测函数的同神不变基 ℬ {mathcal{B}} 相关联的几何最大算子。} .设 Q 是 ℝ n {mathbb{R}^{n}} 中的单位立方体,设 L Φ ( Q ) {L^{Phi}(Q)} 是与Φ 相关的奥利兹空间,其规范为 ∥ f ∥ L Φ ( Q ) := inf { c > 0 : ∫ Q Φ ( | f | c ) ≤ 1 } . . |f|_{L^{Phi}(Q)}:=infBiggl{{}c>0:int_{Q}Phibigg{(}frac{|f|}{c}bigg{% )}leq 1Bigg{}}. 我们证明 M ℬ {M_{mathcal{B}}} 满足弱类型估计 | { x ∈ ℝ n : M ℬ f ( x ) > α }。 | ≤ C 1 ∫ ℝ n Φ ( | f | α ) |{xinmathbb{R}^{n}:M_{{mathcal{B}}kern 1.422638ptf(x)>alpha}|leq C_{1}% int_{mathbb{R}^{n}}Phibigg{(}frac{|f|}{alpha}bigg{)} for all measurable functions f on ℝ n {mathbb{R}^{n}} and α >;0 {alpha>0} 当且仅当 M ℬ {M_{mathcal{B}}} 满足弱类型估计 | { x∈ Q : M ℬ f ( x ) > α } ≤ C 2 ∥ f ∥ L Φ ( Q ) α |{xin Q:M_{mathcal{B}}kern 1.422638ptf(x)>alpha}|leq C_{2}frac{|f|{% L^{Phi}(Q)}}{alpha} for all measurable functions f supported on Q and α > 0 {alpha>0} .由于这一等价性,我们证明,如果 Φ 满足上述条件,且 ℬ {mathcal{B}} 是一个同神不变基,微分 ℝ n {mathbb{R}^{n} 上所有可测函数 f 的积分,使得 ∫ ℝ n Φ ( | f | ) <;∞ {int_{mathbb{R}^{n}}Phi(|f|)<infty} 那么相关的最大算子 M ℬ {M_{mathcal{B}}} 满足上述两个弱类型估计。
{"title":"Two presentations of a weak type inequality for geometric maximal operators","authors":"Paul Hagelstein, Giorgi Oniani, Alex Stokolos","doi":"10.1515/gmj-2023-2113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/gmj-2023-2113","url":null,"abstract":"Let <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mrow> <m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Φ</m:mi> <m:mo>:</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">[</m:mo> <m:mn>0</m:mn> <m:mo>,</m:mo> <m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">∞</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> <m:mo>→</m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">[</m:mo> <m:mn>0</m:mn> <m:mo>,</m:mo> <m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">∞</m:mi> <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:mrow> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2023-2113_eq_0076.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{Phi:[0,infty)rightarrow[0,infty)}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> be a Young’s function satisfying the <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:msub> <m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Δ</m:mi> <m:mn>2</m:mn> </m:msub> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2023-2113_eq_0070.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{Delta_{2}}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>-condition and let <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:msub> <m:mi>M</m:mi> <m:mi mathvariant=\"script\">ℬ</m:mi> </m:msub> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2023-2113_eq_0063.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{M_{mathcal{B}}}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> be the geometric maximal operator associated to a homothecy invariant basis <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mi mathvariant=\"script\">ℬ</m:mi> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2023-2113_eq_0098.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{mathcal{B}}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> acting on measurable functions on <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:msup> <m:mi>ℝ</m:mi> <m:mi>n</m:mi> </m:msup> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2023-2113_eq_0090.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{mathbb{R}^{n}}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula>. Let <jats:italic>Q</jats:italic> be the unit cube in <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:msup> <m:mi>ℝ</m:mi> <m:mi>n</m:mi> </m:msup> </m:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_gmj-2023-2113_eq_0090.png\" /> <jats:tex-math>{mathbb{R}^{n}}</jats:tex-math> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> and let <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"> <m:mrow> <m:msup> <m:mi>L</m:mi> <m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Φ</m:mi> </m:msup> <m:mo></m:mo> <m:mrow> <m:","PeriodicalId":55101,"journal":{"name":"Georgian Mathematical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139077895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vincenzo De Filippis, Pallavee Gupta, Shailesh Kumar Tiwari, Balchand Prajapati
Let ℛ{mathcal{R}} be a prime ring of characteristic not equal to 2, let 𝒰{mathcal{U}} be Utumi quotient ring of ℛ{mathcal{R}} and let 𝒞{mathcal{C}} be the extended centroid of ℛ{mathcal{R}}. Let Δ be a generalized derivation on ℛ{mathcal{R}}, and let δ1{delta_{1}} and δ2{delta_{2}} be derivations on
The notion of (real-valued) almost measurable functions on probability spaces is introduced and some of their properties are considered. It is shown that any almost measurable function may be treated as a quasi-random variable in the sense of [A. Kharazishvili, On some version of random variables, Trans. A. Razmadze Math. Inst. 177 2023, 1, 143–146].
引入了概率空间上(实值)几乎可测函数的概念,并考虑了它们的一些性质。研究表明,任何几乎可测函数都可被视为[A. Kharazishvili, On some version of random variable, Trans.Kharazishvili, On some version of random variables, Trans.A. Razmadze Math.177 2023, 1, 143-146].
{"title":"Almost measurable functions on probability spaces","authors":"Alexander Kharazishvili","doi":"10.1515/gmj-2023-2120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/gmj-2023-2120","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of (real-valued) almost measurable functions on probability spaces is introduced and some of their properties are considered. It is shown that any almost measurable function may be treated as a quasi-random variable in the sense of [A. Kharazishvili, On some version of random variables, Trans. A. Razmadze Math. Inst. 177 2023, 1, 143–146].","PeriodicalId":55101,"journal":{"name":"Georgian Mathematical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139077822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces and studies the ϕ-u-S-flat (resp., nonnil-u-S-injective) modules, which are a generalization of both ϕ-flat modules and u-S-flat modules (resp., both nonnil-injective modules and u-S-injective modules). We give the Cartan–Eilenberg–Bass theorem for nonnil-u-S-Noetherian rings. Finally, we offer some new characterizations of the ϕ-von Neumann regular ring.
{"title":"On φ-u-S-flat modules and nonnil-u-S-injective modules","authors":"Hwankoo Kim, Najib Mahdou, El Houssaine Oubouhou","doi":"10.1515/gmj-2023-2117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/gmj-2023-2117","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces and studies the ϕ-u-<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>-flat (resp., nonnil-u-<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>-injective) modules, which are a generalization of both ϕ-flat modules and u-<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>-flat modules (resp., both nonnil-injective modules and u-<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>-injective modules). We give the Cartan–Eilenberg–Bass theorem for nonnil-u-<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>-Noetherian rings. Finally, we offer some new characterizations of the ϕ-von Neumann regular ring.","PeriodicalId":55101,"journal":{"name":"Georgian Mathematical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139077993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}