The studied rock collapse structure is located on the Liburnian coast (Rijeka Bay, channel zone of the NE Adriatic). The relief of the southern part of this coast, with a length of 6.5 km, is a large escarpment with very steep to vertical slopes reaching heights of 100 m above sea level, as a result of tectonic movements along the Kvarner fault zone. These events probably led to a sudden relaxation of the highly fractured rock mass. The progressive expansion occurred at locations where previously favourably oriented faults and fissures had formed a polygonal rock collapse resembling a rock-slide which is the focus of this study. Another aim of this study is to reconstruct and explain the complex morphological evolution of the studied landslide, from the pre-failure deformations, through the failure itself, to post-failure displacements, as well as possible future instabilities. Recent techniques to survey the instability, location and to analyse the evolution of the rupture surface and its dimensions were combined (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Side Scan Sonar and Remotely Operated Vehicles). The estimated total volume of displaced rock mass is 950,000 m3. The lower part of the instability phenomenon was submerged during the Holocene sea level rise. Since then, a large part of the displaced rock mass has been in a stable position, with sporadic rock falls. However, given unfavourable orientation and discontinuity characteristics, as well as unfavourable environmental influences, possible instabilities might also be expected in the future.
{"title":"Large gravitational collapse structure on a rocky coast (Kvarner, NE Adriatic Sea)","authors":"Čedomir Benac, Sanja Dugonjić Jovančević, Dražen Navratil, Andrea Tadić, Lovro Maglić","doi":"10.4154/gc.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"The studied rock collapse structure is located on the Liburnian coast (Rijeka Bay, channel zone of the NE Adriatic). The relief of the southern part of this coast, with a length of 6.5 km, is a large escarpment with very steep to vertical slopes reaching heights of 100 m above sea level, as a result of tectonic movements along the Kvarner fault zone. These events probably led to a sudden relaxation of the highly fractured rock mass. The progressive expansion occurred at locations where previously favourably oriented faults and fissures had formed a polygonal rock collapse resembling a rock-slide which is the focus of this study. Another aim of this study is to reconstruct and explain the complex morphological evolution of the studied landslide, from the pre-failure deformations, through the failure itself, to post-failure displacements, as well as possible future instabilities. Recent techniques to survey the instability, location and to analyse the evolution of the rupture surface and its dimensions were combined (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Side Scan Sonar and Remotely Operated Vehicles). The estimated total volume of displaced rock mass is 950,000 m3. The lower part of the instability phenomenon was submerged during the Holocene sea level rise. Since then, a large part of the displaced rock mass has been in a stable position, with sporadic rock falls. However, given unfavourable orientation and discontinuity characteristics, as well as unfavourable environmental influences, possible instabilities might also be expected in the future.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lidija Galović, Stjepan Husnjak, Ajka Šorša, Jasmina Martinčević Lazar
The aim was to determine possible local differences between the parent materials of recent leoss-derived soils in eastern Croatia (Dalj, Zmajevac). Furthermore, it highlights the existence of chernozem and chernozem-like soils in Croatia and describes their basic physical, chemical and mineral properties. For this purpose, two soil profiles (P-3 and P-6) south of the Dalj settlement and one soil profile (P-10) near the Zmajevac settlement were excavated. The investigation included a detailed pedological analysis, a modal analysis of the heavy and light mineral fraction and a mineralogical analysis of bulk samples (the < 2 mm fraction) and the fraction < 2 μm. By comparing the obtained results with the criteria of the Croatian Soil Classification and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources, the soil profiles P-3 and P-6 can be defined as Chernozem on Loess or Hortic Calcic chernozem (Epiloamic, Endosiltic, Aric, Humic). The systematic unit for profile P-10 was defined as Rendzina according to the Croatian Soil Classification or Calcic Chernozem (Siltic) according to the WRB. Based on the results of the pedological analysis of the soil profile horizons, a gradual degradation of the chernozem was observed as a result of anthropogenic influence, but also due to recent climate change. The degradation is particularly evident in the form of a reduction in organic matter and the relocation of carbonates from the surface to deeper zones. Due to the increasing degree of weathering caused by recent climate changes, some differences in the mineralogical composition of the studied soils were also observed. The progressive degradation of the chernozem due to the effects of recent weathering processes is indicated mainly by the presence of goethite in the fraction < 2 μm as a weathering product of iron minerals (magnetite, pyroxenes…). Although the parent material of all three profiles is loess sediments, the reason why the soil material of profile P-10 has not developed a chernic horizon is the constant contribution of aeolian material and a short period of exposure to pedogenetic processes.
{"title":"Evidence and mineralogical and physico-chemical properties of chernozem and chernozem-like soils in Croatia","authors":"Lidija Galović, Stjepan Husnjak, Ajka Šorša, Jasmina Martinčević Lazar","doi":"10.4154/gc.2023.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2023.08","url":null,"abstract":"The aim was to determine possible local differences between the parent materials of recent leoss-derived soils in eastern Croatia (Dalj, Zmajevac). Furthermore, it highlights the existence of chernozem and chernozem-like soils in Croatia and describes their basic physical, chemical and mineral properties. For this purpose, two soil profiles (P-3 and P-6) south of the Dalj settlement and one soil profile (P-10) near the Zmajevac settlement were excavated. The investigation included a detailed pedological analysis, a modal analysis of the heavy and light mineral fraction and a mineralogical analysis of bulk samples (the < 2 mm fraction) and the fraction < 2 μm. By comparing the obtained results with the criteria of the Croatian Soil Classification and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources, the soil profiles P-3 and P-6 can be defined as Chernozem on Loess or Hortic Calcic chernozem (Epiloamic, Endosiltic, Aric, Humic). The systematic unit for profile P-10 was defined as Rendzina according to the Croatian Soil Classification or Calcic Chernozem (Siltic) according to the WRB. Based on the results of the pedological analysis of the soil profile horizons, a gradual degradation of the chernozem was observed as a result of anthropogenic influence, but also due to recent climate change. The degradation is particularly evident in the form of a reduction in organic matter and the relocation of carbonates from the surface to deeper zones. Due to the increasing degree of weathering caused by recent climate changes, some differences in the mineralogical composition of the studied soils were also observed. The progressive degradation of the chernozem due to the effects of recent weathering processes is indicated mainly by the presence of goethite in the fraction < 2 μm as a weathering product of iron minerals (magnetite, pyroxenes…). Although the parent material of all three profiles is loess sediments, the reason why the soil material of profile P-10 has not developed a chernic horizon is the constant contribution of aeolian material and a short period of exposure to pedogenetic processes.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bojana Đorđević, Hans-Jürgen Gawlick, Nevenka Djerić, Felix Schlagintweit, Miloš Radonjić
Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) shallow-marine limestones with intercalated polymictic conglomerates were investigated with respect to their biostratigraphic age and their microfacies. They are the younger part of the generally carbonate-siliciclastic Lower Cretaceous deep-water (max. few hundred metres) turbiditic sequences (“Paraflysch”) of the so-called East Vardar zone in the Belgrade area. The biostratigraphic age of the limestones was determined by orbitolinid foraminifera: the co-occurrence of Dictyoconus? pachymarginalis SCHROEDER and Mesorbitolina texana (ROEMER) besides various other microfossils suggest a biostratigraphic age of this shallow- marine limestone succession as middle Aptian (Gargasian). Radiolarite components in the conglomerates are Triassic in age and were derived from the obducted Middle Triassic to Middle Jurassic Neo-Tethys ophiolites and/or their ophiolitic mélanges on the wider Adria plate. From both the first precise biostratigraphic age dating as middle Aptian combined with microfacies analysis of these shallow-marine limestones and the component spectrum in the intercalated conglomerates, it can be concluded that the Lower Cretaceous turbiditic “Paraflysch” succession was deposited on the eastern rim of the Dinarides. The results will allow a better comparison of the different Lower Cretaceous sedimentary successions deposited on the eastern margin of the Dinarides.
{"title":"Middle Aptian Orbitolinid limestones in Belgrade (Serbia): microfacies and depositional environment","authors":"Bojana Đorđević, Hans-Jürgen Gawlick, Nevenka Djerić, Felix Schlagintweit, Miloš Radonjić","doi":"10.4154/gc.2023.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2023.09","url":null,"abstract":"Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) shallow-marine limestones with intercalated polymictic conglomerates were investigated with respect to their biostratigraphic age and their microfacies. They are the younger part of the generally carbonate-siliciclastic Lower Cretaceous deep-water (max. few hundred metres) turbiditic sequences (“Paraflysch”) of the so-called East Vardar zone in the Belgrade area. The biostratigraphic age of the limestones was determined by orbitolinid foraminifera: the co-occurrence of Dictyoconus? pachymarginalis SCHROEDER and Mesorbitolina texana (ROEMER) besides various other microfossils suggest a biostratigraphic age of this shallow- marine limestone succession as middle Aptian (Gargasian). Radiolarite components in the conglomerates are Triassic in age and were derived from the obducted Middle Triassic to Middle Jurassic Neo-Tethys ophiolites and/or their ophiolitic mélanges on the wider Adria plate. From both the first precise biostratigraphic age dating as middle Aptian combined with microfacies analysis of these shallow-marine limestones and the component spectrum in the intercalated conglomerates, it can be concluded that the Lower Cretaceous turbiditic “Paraflysch” succession was deposited on the eastern rim of the Dinarides. The results will allow a better comparison of the different Lower Cretaceous sedimentary successions deposited on the eastern margin of the Dinarides.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saja Mohammad Abutaha, Janos Geiger, Ferenc Fedor, Sandor Gulyas
Continuous Wavelet Transformation (CWT) was applied to study the small-scale repetitive oscillations of porosity distribution patterns in a 5 m silty-claystone core sample of the Boda Claystone Formation. We handled the fluctuations in voxel porosity averages over unequal depth distributions as signals over uneven time intervals. The strength of wavelet analysis lies in the ability to study the fluctuation of a signal in detail, i.e., the wavelet transforms permit automatic localization of the cyclic attributes' sequences both in time (the depth domain) and according to their frequency (the frequency domain). Thereupon, three main frequency branches (cycles) were discerned: small scale (5, 6.67, and 11 cm), intermediate scale (20, 30 cm), and large scale (66.67 cm). Depending on the CWT coefficients magnitude plot, we were able to detect the developments of porosity oscillation according to the depth variable. Thus, small-scale cycles were seen throughout the core sample., the intermediate-scale cycles were strong in the upper parts of the core sample and dwindled toward greater depths, and the large cycle was predominant in the lower part of the core sample. The cross-correlation of the wavelet coefficients of porosity and rock-forming components allows a detailed study of the inter-dependence of such parameters as their relationship changes over time. The distinct peaks at zero lag indicates that the measured wavelet coefficient series were contemporaneously correlated; their strong positive correlations suggest that both examined series respond similarly and simultaneously to other exogenous factors. The results emphasize that cyclical porosity fluctuations at all scales would concern three main factors; sediment deposition, diagenetic processes, and structural deformation (i.e., convolute laminations).
{"title":"Continuous Wavelet Transformation to Quantify small-scale Cycles of Petrophysical Properties; a New Approach Applied in a Potential Disposal Repository of Nuclear Waste, SW Hungary","authors":"Saja Mohammad Abutaha, Janos Geiger, Ferenc Fedor, Sandor Gulyas","doi":"10.4154/gc.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous Wavelet Transformation (CWT) was applied to study the small-scale repetitive oscillations of porosity distribution patterns in a 5 m silty-claystone core sample of the Boda Claystone Formation. We handled the fluctuations in voxel porosity averages over unequal depth distributions as signals over uneven time intervals. The strength of wavelet analysis lies in the ability to study the fluctuation of a signal in detail, i.e., the wavelet transforms permit automatic localization of the cyclic attributes' sequences both in time (the depth domain) and according to their frequency (the frequency domain). Thereupon, three main frequency branches (cycles) were discerned: small scale (5, 6.67, and 11 cm), intermediate scale (20, 30 cm), and large scale (66.67 cm). Depending on the CWT coefficients magnitude plot, we were able to detect the developments of porosity oscillation according to the depth variable. Thus, small-scale cycles were seen throughout the core sample., the intermediate-scale cycles were strong in the upper parts of the core sample and dwindled toward greater depths, and the large cycle was predominant in the lower part of the core sample. The cross-correlation of the wavelet coefficients of porosity and rock-forming components allows a detailed study of the inter-dependence of such parameters as their relationship changes over time. The distinct peaks at zero lag indicates that the measured wavelet coefficient series were contemporaneously correlated; their strong positive correlations suggest that both examined series respond similarly and simultaneously to other exogenous factors. The results emphasize that cyclical porosity fluctuations at all scales would concern three main factors; sediment deposition, diagenetic processes, and structural deformation (i.e., convolute laminations).","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Šorša, G. Durn, A. Grizelj, J. Halamić, Lucija Prša Gazilj
Within the framework of the pan-European project “URban GEochemistry (URGE) in Europe – Soil, children, health”, pedological and geochemical investigations of the soils of the city of Sisak and its adjacent surroundings were carried out, and three urban and two rural soil profiles were examined. The mineralogical composition and concentration of selected potentially toxic elements (PTEs) Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil were determined. The Community Reference Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure (SEP) of these PTEs was undertaken and the potential risk to human health and the environment was assessed. The concentrations of Cr and Ni are generally similar in urban and rural soil profiles, while the concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in soil horizons/layers are higher in urban profiles. The extracted fractions of PTEs gave the following general distribution: in urban soil profiles residual (RES) > reducible (ORG) or oxidisable (FEMN) > exchangeable (CARB), except for Cu where ORG > RES > FEMN > CARB, while in rural soil profiles RES > FEMN or ORG > CARB, except for Pb where FEMN > RES or ORG > CARB. The differences between soils in urban and rural profiles depend mainly on the historical land use, i.e. on the duration and intensity of anthropogenic influences on the soil and, to a lesser extent, on the geogenic origin of the parent material and the pedogenic processes. The studied elements in the urban soil profiles are predominantly of anthropogenic origin, indicating a possible influence of the ancient settlements of Segestica and Siscia and of heavy industry in the 20th century. The anthropogenic influences on the rural profiles are low and geogenic influences dominate. Risks to the environment were assessed in the soil profiles based on PTE concentrations in the CARB fraction and the sum of the CARB, ORG and FEMN fractions from BCR SEP. All calculated risks to human health and the environment were rated as no-risk, very low risk and low risk.
{"title":"Comparison of urban and rural soils based on speciation of heavy metals by BCR sequential extraction procedure: A case study in the historical and industrial city of Sisak, Croatia","authors":"A. Šorša, G. Durn, A. Grizelj, J. Halamić, Lucija Prša Gazilj","doi":"10.4154/gc.2023.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2023.06","url":null,"abstract":"Within the framework of the pan-European project “URban GEochemistry (URGE) in Europe – Soil, children, health”, pedological and geochemical investigations of the soils of the city of Sisak and its adjacent surroundings were carried out, and three urban and two rural soil profiles were examined. The mineralogical composition and concentration of selected potentially toxic elements (PTEs) Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil were determined. The Community Reference Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure (SEP) of these PTEs was undertaken and the potential risk to human health and the environment was assessed. The concentrations of Cr and Ni are generally similar in urban and rural soil profiles, while the concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in soil horizons/layers are higher in urban profiles. The extracted fractions of PTEs gave the following general distribution: in urban soil profiles residual (RES) > reducible (ORG) or oxidisable (FEMN) > exchangeable (CARB), except for Cu where ORG > RES > FEMN > CARB, while in rural soil profiles RES > FEMN or ORG > CARB, except for Pb where FEMN > RES or ORG > CARB. The differences between soils in urban and rural profiles depend mainly on the historical land use, i.e. on the duration and intensity of anthropogenic influences on the soil and, to a lesser extent, on the geogenic origin of the parent material and the pedogenic processes. The studied elements in the urban soil profiles are predominantly of anthropogenic origin, indicating a possible influence of the ancient settlements of Segestica and Siscia and of heavy industry in the 20th century. The anthropogenic influences on the rural profiles are low and geogenic influences dominate. Risks to the environment were assessed in the soil profiles based on PTE concentrations in the CARB fraction and the sum of the CARB, ORG and FEMN fractions from BCR SEP. All calculated risks to human health and the environment were rated as no-risk, very low risk and low risk.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46235198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Lukić, M. Radaković, Rastko S. Marković, W. Thompson, Tanja Micić Ponjiger, B. Basarin, N. Tomić, V. Tomović, J. Popov Raljić, M. Gavrilov, A. Valjarević, G. Sipos, D. Filipović, C. Morar, S. Marković
n this study we present an in-depth description of the colorimetric values for the lowest section of the Dukatar Loess Palaeosol Sequence (LPS) pedocomplex S5. Formed during the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 13-15, it represents the oldest pedocomplex exposed at the base of the Titel loess plateau (TLP), near the confluence of the Tisa and Danube rivers in Vojvodina (northern Serbia). The results of low-field magnetic susceptibility measurements (χlf) were compared to colour properties (obtained by conventional methods as well as instrumental measuring) and quantified Soil Development Indices (SDI). Of these measurements we found that the Redness Index (RI1) yielded the most useful results, as this index appears most sensitive to lithological changes and soil development intensity. It was also observed that a high level of correlation existed between χlf, and a* chromaticity. The initial results of this study highlight the utility of colorimetric methods as an interdisciplinary tool when evaluating the presence of ferromagnetics, and the application of rock magnetism to the Middle and Upper Pleistocene LPS of the Middle Danube Basin. The presented approach can be used to observe the evolution of climatic and ecological conditions in the given study area, and for establishing correlations between sites extending over the Eurasian LPS provinces.
{"title":"Initial results of the colorimetric indices of the oldest exposed pedocomplex (Titel loess plateau, Serbia)","authors":"T. Lukić, M. Radaković, Rastko S. Marković, W. Thompson, Tanja Micić Ponjiger, B. Basarin, N. Tomić, V. Tomović, J. Popov Raljić, M. Gavrilov, A. Valjarević, G. Sipos, D. Filipović, C. Morar, S. Marković","doi":"10.4154/gc.2023.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2023.05","url":null,"abstract":"n this study we present an in-depth description of the colorimetric values for the lowest section of the Dukatar Loess Palaeosol Sequence (LPS) pedocomplex S5. Formed during the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 13-15, it represents the oldest pedocomplex exposed at the base of the Titel loess plateau (TLP), near the confluence of the Tisa and Danube rivers in Vojvodina (northern Serbia). The results of low-field magnetic susceptibility measurements (χlf) were compared to colour properties (obtained by conventional methods as well as instrumental measuring) and quantified Soil Development Indices (SDI). Of these measurements we found that the Redness Index (RI1) yielded the most useful results, as this index appears most sensitive to lithological changes and soil development intensity. It was also observed that a high level of correlation existed between χlf, and a* chromaticity. The initial results of this study highlight the utility of colorimetric methods as an interdisciplinary tool when evaluating the presence of ferromagnetics, and the application of rock magnetism to the Middle and Upper Pleistocene LPS of the Middle Danube Basin. The presented approach can be used to observe the evolution of climatic and ecological conditions in the given study area, and for establishing correlations between sites extending over the Eurasian LPS provinces.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47259909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Marinšek, Valentina Hajek-Tadesse, M. Poljak, T. Kolar-Jurkovšek, L. Gale
The purpose of this study was to identify the ostracod assemblage from a 43 m thick section of the Bizeljsko Formation, which constitutes the middle part of the Upper Miocene Posavje Group. The succession comprises sandstone, siltstone, and marlstone, deposited in a delta front environment. The determined ostracods belong to the families Cyprididae, Cytheridae, Darwinulidae, and Loxoconchidae. In total, 30 species were identified. Additionally, 8 morphotypes were determined at the genus level. The most common genera are Candona, Hemicytheria, and Cyprideis. The assemblage belongs to the Caspiocypris labiata subzone from the upper Pannonian. The ostracod assemblage from the Krško Basin is similar in species composition to Pannonian ostracod assemblages from Croatia and Serbia.
{"title":"Upper Miocene ostracods from the Krško Basin, SE Slovenia","authors":"M. Marinšek, Valentina Hajek-Tadesse, M. Poljak, T. Kolar-Jurkovšek, L. Gale","doi":"10.4154/gc.2023.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2023.07","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to identify the ostracod assemblage from a 43 m thick section of the Bizeljsko Formation, which constitutes the middle part of the Upper Miocene Posavje Group. The succession comprises sandstone, siltstone, and marlstone, deposited in a delta front environment. The determined ostracods belong to the families Cyprididae, Cytheridae, Darwinulidae, and Loxoconchidae. In total, 30 species were identified. Additionally, 8 morphotypes were determined at the genus level. The most common genera are Candona, Hemicytheria, and Cyprideis. The assemblage belongs to the Caspiocypris labiata subzone from the upper Pannonian. The ostracod assemblage from the Krško Basin is similar in species composition to Pannonian ostracod assemblages from Croatia and Serbia.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46337711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lymnocard subgenus Budmania is characterized by the most unusual and spectacular morphology in the endemic mollusc fauna of the late Miocene – Pliocene Lake Pannon. Budmania possessed extremely high, hollow, irregular keels on its ribs, a pattern that was long considered an adaptation to the fluid, muddy substratum. Eight species were described with this pattern between 1874 and 1973. Our revision, based on the type materials and a large number of other specimens from several collections revealed, however, that only two species can be distinguished with certainty: Lymnocardium (Budmania) ferrugineum (Brusina, 1874) and L. (B.) cristagalli (Roth, 1878). The former lived in the littoral zone of Lake Pannon, on sandy substratum, whereas the latter inhabited the sublittoral zone with muddy substratum. This habitat partitioning challenges the interpretation of the high, hollow keels as an adaptation to soft, muddy substratum. The occurrence of both species seems to have been restricted to 7.5-7.15 Ma.
{"title":"Taxonomic revision of the Lake Pannon cockle subgenus Lymnocardium (Budmania) Brusina, 1897","authors":"I. Magyar, L. Katona","doi":"10.4154/gc.2023.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2023.01","url":null,"abstract":"The lymnocard subgenus Budmania is characterized by the most unusual and spectacular morphology in the endemic mollusc fauna of the late Miocene – Pliocene Lake Pannon. Budmania possessed extremely high, hollow, irregular keels on its ribs, a pattern that was long considered an adaptation to the fluid, muddy substratum. Eight species were described with this pattern between 1874 and 1973. Our revision, based on the type materials and a large number of other specimens from several collections revealed, however, that only two species can be distinguished with certainty: Lymnocardium (Budmania) ferrugineum (Brusina, 1874) and L. (B.) cristagalli (Roth, 1878). The former lived in the littoral zone of Lake Pannon, on sandy substratum, whereas the latter inhabited the sublittoral zone with muddy substratum. This habitat partitioning challenges the interpretation of the high, hollow keels as an adaptation to soft, muddy substratum. The occurrence of both species seems to have been restricted to 7.5-7.15 Ma.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42433673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jasna Orešković, Aleksej Miloševič, Saša Kolar, S. Šoštarić
The Žune barite-fluorite ore body in northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina has been explored in order to determine spatial distribution of the ore body. At the Žune site, barite mineralization occurs in the form of veins and is hosted by dolostone. A geophysical survey was carried out with the aim to detect anomalies associated with the barite-fluorite deposit and to characterize the abandoned old deposit. Therefore, 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was measured along four profiles. Prior to surface geophysical measurements, detailed geological field mapping of the ore body and host rocks was undertaken. The geometry of the abandoned mining cut with steep walls and complex structural setting with barite that incorporates coarse fragments of host rock and fluorite makes interpretation of the results challenging. The collected geological data were used to calibrate the geophysical models. Forward modelling in addition to inversion of the ERT data helped to reduce the ambiguity of geophysical data interpretation. The results revealed that the barite vein in the area of mining cut is limited to a depth of about 10 m and length is about 40 m. There is no indication for barite mineralization in the area south of the mining cut, while anomalies that may be associated with ore bodies are present in the northern and northeastern part.
{"title":"Žune Ba-F epithermal deposit Part 2: Geophysical characterization and exploration perspective","authors":"Jasna Orešković, Aleksej Miloševič, Saša Kolar, S. Šoštarić","doi":"10.4154/gc.2023.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2023.04","url":null,"abstract":"The Žune barite-fluorite ore body in northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina has been explored in order to determine spatial distribution of the ore body. At the Žune site, barite mineralization occurs in the form of veins and is hosted by dolostone. A geophysical survey was carried out with the aim to detect anomalies associated with the barite-fluorite deposit and to characterize the abandoned old deposit. Therefore, 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was measured along four profiles. Prior to surface geophysical measurements, detailed geological field mapping of the ore body and host rocks was undertaken. The geometry of the abandoned mining cut with steep walls and complex structural setting with barite that incorporates coarse fragments of host rock and fluorite makes interpretation of the results challenging. The collected geological data were used to calibrate the geophysical models. Forward modelling in addition to inversion of the ERT data helped to reduce the ambiguity of geophysical data interpretation. The results revealed that the barite vein in the area of mining cut is limited to a depth of about 10 m and length is about 40 m. There is no indication for barite mineralization in the area south of the mining cut, while anomalies that may be associated with ore bodies are present in the northern and northeastern part.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70281559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Early beginnings of the Middle Triassic extension in the areas surrounding the western embayment of the Neotethys are evidenced in formation of small half-graben basins, local emergences of the underlying platform, and/or deposition of coarse-grained breccia. The succession related to the creation and infilling of one of these half-grabens is exposed on the slopes of the base of Mt. Vernar in eastern Julian Alps, Slovenia. The lowermost exposed unit within the half-graben is the Uggowitz Breccia, which attains thickness of up to 150 m. It is followed by a few tens of meters of red nodular limestone (the informal 'Vernar member'), followed by the second, thinner Uggowitz Breccia unit, succeeded by sandstone and sandy limestone (the informal “Krma member”), rich in shallow marine foraminifers and plant material. The basin-filling succession is followed by indistinctly bedded and then massive limestone of the Schlern Formation. Late Anisian (Ilyrian) age is assumed for the sediments of the half-graben based on the clast composition and comparison with regional sequence stratigraphic schemes. Breccias likely deposited in shallow marine or marginal marine setting. Individual beds are interpreted as subaqueous debris-flow deposits.
{"title":"Sedimentological infill of the Middle Triassic half-graben below Mt. Vernar in Julian Alps, Slovenia","authors":"L. Gale, Katarina Kadivec, M. Vrabec, B. Celarc","doi":"10.4154/gc.2023.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2023.03","url":null,"abstract":"Early beginnings of the Middle Triassic extension in the areas surrounding the western embayment of the Neotethys are evidenced in formation of small half-graben basins, local emergences of the underlying platform, and/or deposition of coarse-grained breccia. The succession related to the creation and infilling of one of these half-grabens is exposed on the slopes of the base of Mt. Vernar in eastern Julian Alps, Slovenia. The lowermost exposed unit within the half-graben is the Uggowitz Breccia, which attains thickness of up to 150 m. It is followed by a few tens of meters of red nodular limestone (the informal 'Vernar member'), followed by the second, thinner Uggowitz Breccia unit, succeeded by sandstone and sandy limestone (the informal “Krma member”), rich in shallow marine foraminifers and plant material. The basin-filling succession is followed by indistinctly bedded and then massive limestone of the Schlern Formation. Late Anisian (Ilyrian) age is assumed for the sediments of the half-graben based on the clast composition and comparison with regional sequence stratigraphic schemes. Breccias likely deposited in shallow marine or marginal marine setting. Individual beds are interpreted as subaqueous debris-flow deposits.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42040473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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