Ivan Mišur, D. Balen, U. Klötzli, M. Belak, H. Massonne, Mihovil Brlek, V. Brčić
A chloritoid schist from the Medvednica Mts. (Croatia, Zagorje-Mid-Transdanubian zone) is part of the metasedimentary succession of a Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Metamorphic Complex. The studied samples show the mineral association of chloritoid, chlorite, quartz and white mica. A P-T pseudosection, combined with modal and chemical isopleths, and classical thermobarometric calculations yield peak metamorphic conditions of 0.8 – 1.0 GPa at around 500 °C. Monazite in-situ dating with the electron microprobe results in an age of 156 ± 3 (2σ) Ma interpreted as dating monazite growth during prograde metamorphism. Laser ablation multicollector ICP mass spectrometry of U-Th-Pb isotope systematics in detrital zircon grains indicate a maximal deposition time of the sedimentary protolith in the Permian in accordance with published palaeontological records. The presented results are synchronous with the Late Jurassic obduction of a Neotethys-derived ophiolitic mélange onto a Permotriassic sedimentary sequence originated from the continental margin of Adria. This obduction caused regional collision metamorphism by thrusting Ophiolitic units (i.e. Neotethys) upon tectonic units of continental margin of Adria. Studied chloritoid schist is a part of the continental margin of Adria and is metamorphosed during collisional metamorphic event at upper greenschist-facies.
{"title":"Petrochronological study of chloritoid schist from the Medvednica Mts. (Croatia, Zagorje Mid-Transdanubian zone)","authors":"Ivan Mišur, D. Balen, U. Klötzli, M. Belak, H. Massonne, Mihovil Brlek, V. Brčić","doi":"10.4154/gc.2023.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2023.02","url":null,"abstract":"A chloritoid schist from the Medvednica Mts. (Croatia, Zagorje-Mid-Transdanubian zone) is part of the metasedimentary succession of a Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Metamorphic Complex. The studied samples show the mineral association of chloritoid, chlorite, quartz and white mica. A P-T pseudosection, combined with modal and chemical isopleths, and classical thermobarometric calculations yield peak metamorphic conditions of 0.8 – 1.0 GPa at around 500 °C. Monazite in-situ dating with the electron microprobe results in an age of 156 ± 3 (2σ) Ma interpreted as dating monazite growth during prograde metamorphism. Laser ablation multicollector ICP mass spectrometry of U-Th-Pb isotope systematics in detrital zircon grains indicate a maximal deposition time of the sedimentary protolith in the Permian in accordance with published palaeontological records. The presented results are synchronous with the Late Jurassic obduction of a Neotethys-derived ophiolitic mélange onto a Permotriassic sedimentary sequence originated from the continental margin of Adria. This obduction caused regional collision metamorphism by thrusting Ophiolitic units (i.e. Neotethys) upon tectonic units of continental margin of Adria. Studied chloritoid schist is a part of the continental margin of Adria and is metamorphosed during collisional metamorphic event at upper greenschist-facies.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43166173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Late Cretaceous–Early Paleogene (K–Pg) was a critical period of transition in geological time. This period encompassed short-term climatic fluctuations on a global scale, changes in ocean circulation, and sudden and large extinctions of marine and terrestrial organisms. In the study area, located in the mid to low latitudes, the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene were very tectonically active due to the positioning of the site close to the collision zone of two large continents. The impacts of the global K–Pg crisis can be observed in the study area. In this study, the calcareous nannofossil contents of late Maastrichtian–Danian sediments were studied, and the nannofossil biostratigraphy determined, from samples from the Samanlık and Dizilitaşlar Formations, deposited in the Kırıkkale Basin. From three stratigraphic sections, 26 nannofossil genera and 36 nannofossil species were identified from the Late Maastrichtian UC20aTP and UC20bTP biozones and the NP1 and NP2 biozones of the Danian. Additionally, it was determined that the K–Pg boundary was not continuous in the study area. In the Kırıkkale Basin, relatively low abundances of Micula decussate Vekshina, 1959 signals a diagenetic effect and stressful environment in the Late Maastrichtian, whereas the relatively low abundances of Thoracosphaera operculata Bramlette & Martini, 1964, Braarudosphaera bigelowii (Gran & Braarud, 1935) Deflandre, 1947 and Futyania petalosa (Ellis & Lohmann, 1973) Varol, 1989 in the Danian assemblages indicate unstable environmental conditions and major environmental perturbations that reflect tectonic activity in the region. No nannofossils were encountered in those samples taken from turbiditic levels, which contained high proportions of sand.
{"title":"The calcareous nannofossil record of the uppermost Maastrichtian-lower Palaeocene in the Kırıkkale Basin, in the Central Anatolian Region (Turkey)","authors":"Caner Kaya Ozer, Yakup Kilic","doi":"10.4154/gc.2022.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2022.30","url":null,"abstract":"The Late Cretaceous–Early Paleogene (K–Pg) was a critical period of transition in geological time. This period encompassed short-term climatic fluctuations on a global scale, changes in ocean circulation, and sudden and large extinctions of marine and terrestrial organisms. In the study area, located in the mid to low latitudes, the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene were very tectonically active due to the positioning of the site close to the collision zone of two large continents. The impacts of the global K–Pg crisis can be observed in the study area. In this study, the calcareous nannofossil contents of late Maastrichtian–Danian sediments were studied, and the nannofossil biostratigraphy determined, from samples from the Samanlık and Dizilitaşlar Formations, deposited in the Kırıkkale Basin. From three stratigraphic sections, 26 nannofossil genera and 36 nannofossil species were identified from the Late Maastrichtian UC20aTP and UC20bTP biozones and the NP1 and NP2 biozones of the Danian. Additionally, it was determined that the K–Pg boundary was not continuous in the study area. In the Kırıkkale Basin, relatively low abundances of Micula decussate Vekshina, 1959 signals a diagenetic effect and stressful environment in the Late Maastrichtian, whereas the relatively low abundances of Thoracosphaera operculata Bramlette & Martini, 1964, Braarudosphaera bigelowii (Gran & Braarud, 1935) Deflandre, 1947 and Futyania petalosa (Ellis & Lohmann, 1973) Varol, 1989 in the Danian assemblages indicate unstable environmental conditions and major environmental perturbations that reflect tectonic activity in the region. No nannofossils were encountered in those samples taken from turbiditic levels, which contained high proportions of sand.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47525234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatjana Ivošević, I. Halkijevic, N. Bilandžić, K. Licht, M. Sedak, Ivica Orlić, Damir Bucković, Š. Kampić
Ships and associated anthropogenic activities release a number of contaminant elements into the marine environment which can be particularly concentrated in restricted circulatory environments including Bays and marinas. One such locality is a Punat Bay, situated at the southern coastline of the island of Krk (west Croatia), which is the largest Croatian marina. The aim of this study was to examine depth profiles of sulfur (S), phosporous (P), iron (Fe), and trace elements (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr, Ti, U, V, Y, and Zn) in six sediment cores (down to 20-30 cm), and from mussels and fish from Punat Bay, by determining their levels with ICP-OES. Data analysis showed that the majority of variables were elevated in a sediment core located closest a port of the marina. Minimum to maximum S, P, and Fe levels in sediments were as follows: 0.4-2.4%, 0.04-320 mg/kg, and 0.2-2.3%, respectively. Correlations among S, P, Fe, and various trace elements were mostly positive (p<0.05). Trace elements were not increased in mussels and fish. This paper shows that the Punat marina has only a limited impact on the environmental status. Several potentially toxic trace elemens (Pb, Cu, etc.) were found to be elevated in a sediment core located closest to the marina.
{"title":"Distribution of sulphur, phosphorous, iron, and trace elements in bottom sediment cores, mussels and fish from the Punat Bay (Island of Krk, Croatia)","authors":"Tatjana Ivošević, I. Halkijevic, N. Bilandžić, K. Licht, M. Sedak, Ivica Orlić, Damir Bucković, Š. Kampić","doi":"10.4154/gc.2022.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2022.29","url":null,"abstract":"Ships and associated anthropogenic activities release a number of contaminant elements into the marine environment which can be particularly concentrated in restricted circulatory environments including Bays and marinas. One such locality is a Punat Bay, situated at the southern coastline of the island of Krk (west Croatia), which is the largest Croatian marina. The aim of this study was to examine depth profiles of sulfur (S), phosporous (P), iron (Fe), and trace elements (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, Sr, Ti, U, V, Y, and Zn) in six sediment cores (down to 20-30 cm), and from mussels and fish from Punat Bay, by determining their levels with ICP-OES. Data analysis showed that the majority of variables were elevated in a sediment core located closest a port of the marina. Minimum to maximum S, P, and Fe levels in sediments were as follows: 0.4-2.4%, 0.04-320 mg/kg, and 0.2-2.3%, respectively. Correlations among S, P, Fe, and various trace elements were mostly positive (p<0.05). Trace elements were not increased in mussels and fish. This paper shows that the Punat marina has only a limited impact on the environmental status. Several potentially toxic trace elemens (Pb, Cu, etc.) were found to be elevated in a sediment core located closest to the marina.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42515412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Groundwater in a hard rock formation is most endangered at places where a potential source can discharge contaminants that can reach the saturated zone of an aquifer. In these circumstances, an essential tool for groundwater protection is the contamination risk map. This map is based on the integration of two maps: a hazards map, i.e., map of potential sources of contamination and a vulnerability map. The selection of a proper vulnerability method is an important task since the resulting vulnerability map can significantly impact the final risk of contamination map. The most appropriate method for groundwater vulnerability assessment was considered in the case study of Tara National park, in Western Serbia. The four commonly used methods were applied to assess the intrinsic vulnerability maps: DRASTIC, EPIK, PI and COP. All the applied methods resulted in different vulnerability maps in assessing the degree of vulnerability, consequently influencing the groundwater contamination risk maps. The applied research presents an example of how contamination risk should be assessed in a specific area. Comparison of the results obtained for the area of Tara National Park indicates the preference of the PI method as a well-balanced method, taking into account all the specifics of the study area. A detailed analysis of the assessed risks in the catchments of the existing sources was also conducted to indicate probable sources of contamination and confirm the degree of accuracy of the created vulnerability and risk maps. The conducted research emphasizes the necessity to adopt a clear conceptual hydrogeological model and to apply several methods simultaneously to determine the optimal one for each individual area.
{"title":"Vulnerability methods in hard rock formation as a basis for groundwater risk assessment – from resource to source","authors":"V. Živanović, Igor Jemcov, V. Dragišić","doi":"10.4154/gc.2022.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater in a hard rock formation is most endangered at places where a potential source can discharge contaminants that can reach the saturated zone of an aquifer. In these circumstances, an essential tool for groundwater protection is the contamination risk map. This map is based on the integration of two maps: a hazards map, i.e., map of potential sources of contamination and a vulnerability map. The selection of a proper vulnerability method is an important task since the resulting vulnerability map can significantly impact the final risk of contamination map. The most appropriate method for groundwater vulnerability assessment was considered in the case study of Tara National park, in Western Serbia. The four commonly used methods were applied to assess the intrinsic vulnerability maps: DRASTIC, EPIK, PI and COP. All the applied methods resulted in different vulnerability maps in assessing the degree of vulnerability, consequently influencing the groundwater contamination risk maps. The applied research presents an example of how contamination risk should be assessed in a specific area. Comparison of the results obtained for the area of Tara National Park indicates the preference of the PI method as a well-balanced method, taking into account all the specifics of the study area. A detailed analysis of the assessed risks in the catchments of the existing sources was also conducted to indicate probable sources of contamination and confirm the degree of accuracy of the created vulnerability and risk maps. The conducted research emphasizes the necessity to adopt a clear conceptual hydrogeological model and to apply several methods simultaneously to determine the optimal one for each individual area.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44058314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sibila Borojević Šoštarić, Martin Roglić, Aleksej Miloševič, T. Brenko
The Žune Ba-F epithermal deposit is situated in the Ljubija ore field (NW Bosnia and Herzegovina), within Upper Palaeozoic dolostone. A typical ESE-WNW Variscan vergency fault zone separates the dolostone from Lower Triassic schists and sandstones. External and internal pseudo-bedding, with massive, homogenous structure and partial limonitization characterizes the dolostone. Its geochemical composition exhibits low SiO2 (1.33 – 2.06 mass. %), Al2O3 (0.27 –0.38 mass. %), BaO (0.02 – 0.83 mass. %), ƩREE (5.7 – 9.4 ppm), Sr (61.7 – 120.4 ppm), Sm (0.3 – 2.2 ppm) and Eu (0.1 – 0.6 ppm), while having high CaO (30.24 – 32.38 mass. %), MgO (16.47 – 17.35 mass. %) and LOI (44.6 – 45.58 mass. %). The dolostone-mineralization contact zone consists of metasomatically recrystallised host dolostone with quartz and pyrite, where the presence of accessory tremolite, magnesiochloritoid and pyknite indicates peak formation conditions in the pre-mineralization phase with temperatures above 300°C. Two ore types are described: (i) Ba-F vein-type mineralization composed of barite – fluorite ± quartz, and (ii) hydrothermal breccia composed of coarse-grained fluorite and barite, surrounding fragments of dolostone, and occupying ≈20 % of the deposit. Mineralized samples show slightly elevated SiO2 (2.20 – 5.53 mass. %) and Al2O3 (0.24 – 0.74 mass. %), low MgO (below 0.02 mass. %) and LOI (0.3 – 3.1 %), with high BaO (up to 50.74 mass. %), CaO (up to 66.03 mass. %), ƩREE (20 – 166 ppm), Sr (exceeding 1 mass. %), Sm (up to 118 ppm) and Eu (up to 44 ppm). Elevated Sr can be correlated to other barite epigenetic hydrothermal deposits in the Dinarides, interpreted as BaSr substitution in the barite crystal lattice. Fluorite-rich samples are characterized by Y (0.6 –49.2 ppm) and HREE enrichment, accompanied by depletion of LREE. The Ba-F deposit Žune, having variable REE concentration and a negative cerium and ytterbium anomaly corresponds geochemically to world-class fluorite deposits associated with carbonate sedimentary rocks.
{"title":"Žune Ba-F epithermal deposit Part 1: Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics","authors":"Sibila Borojević Šoštarić, Martin Roglić, Aleksej Miloševič, T. Brenko","doi":"10.4154/gc.2022.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2022.24","url":null,"abstract":"The Žune Ba-F epithermal deposit is situated in the Ljubija ore field (NW Bosnia and Herzegovina), within Upper Palaeozoic dolostone. A typical ESE-WNW Variscan vergency fault zone separates the dolostone from Lower Triassic schists and sandstones. External and internal pseudo-bedding, with massive, homogenous structure and partial limonitization characterizes the dolostone. Its geochemical composition exhibits low SiO2 (1.33 – 2.06 mass. %), Al2O3 (0.27 –0.38 mass. %), BaO (0.02 – 0.83 mass. %), ƩREE (5.7 – 9.4 ppm), Sr (61.7 – 120.4 ppm), Sm (0.3 – 2.2 ppm) and Eu (0.1 – 0.6 ppm), while having high CaO (30.24 – 32.38 mass. %), MgO (16.47 – 17.35 mass. %) and LOI (44.6 – 45.58 mass. %). The dolostone-mineralization contact zone consists of metasomatically recrystallised host dolostone with quartz and pyrite, where the presence of accessory tremolite, magnesiochloritoid and pyknite indicates peak formation conditions in the pre-mineralization phase with temperatures above 300°C. Two ore types are described: (i) Ba-F vein-type mineralization composed of barite – fluorite ± quartz, and (ii) hydrothermal breccia composed of coarse-grained fluorite and barite, surrounding fragments of dolostone, and occupying ≈20 % of the deposit. Mineralized samples show slightly elevated SiO2 (2.20 – 5.53 mass. %) and Al2O3 (0.24 – 0.74 mass. %), low MgO (below 0.02 mass. %) and LOI (0.3 – 3.1 %), with high BaO (up to 50.74 mass. %), CaO (up to 66.03 mass. %), ƩREE (20 – 166 ppm), Sr (exceeding 1 mass. %), Sm (up to 118 ppm) and Eu (up to 44 ppm). Elevated Sr can be correlated to other barite epigenetic hydrothermal deposits in the Dinarides, interpreted as BaSr substitution in the barite crystal lattice. Fluorite-rich samples are characterized by Y (0.6 –49.2 ppm) and HREE enrichment, accompanied by depletion of LREE. The Ba-F deposit Žune, having variable REE concentration and a negative cerium and ytterbium anomaly corresponds geochemically to world-class fluorite deposits associated with carbonate sedimentary rocks.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46108434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The general features of several important mineral deposits of polymetallic character in the Republic of Northern Macedonia that have been actively exploited in the past are described. These include the Buchim copper mine and Sasa, Zletovo and Toranica lead-zinc mines, as well as some ore prospects that have been extensively explored for years. In addition, sites with known ore reserves, but which are not yet at the exploitation stage are presented, including Plavica, Ilovica, Kadiica, Borov Dol and others. The elaborated RIS-RESERVES program is used to affirm numerous parameters related to the definition of ore reserves in the deposits, and has now provided the opportunity for preparation of an overview which shows the major metallogenetic characteristics of the deposits with their techno-economic parameters. This approach enables affirmation of the potential of the polymetallic ore deposits in the Republic of Northern Macedonia.
{"title":"General features of some pollymetalic ore deposits in the Republic North Macedonia","authors":"T. Serafimovski, G. Tasev, T. Stafilov","doi":"10.4154/gc.2022.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2022.27","url":null,"abstract":"The general features of several important mineral deposits of polymetallic character in the Republic of Northern Macedonia that have been actively exploited in the past are described. These include the Buchim copper mine and Sasa, Zletovo and Toranica lead-zinc mines, as well as some ore prospects that have been extensively explored for years. In addition, sites with known ore reserves, but which are not yet at the exploitation stage are presented, including Plavica, Ilovica, Kadiica, Borov Dol and others. The elaborated RIS-RESERVES program is used to affirm numerous parameters related to the definition of ore reserves in the deposits, and has now provided the opportunity for preparation of an overview which shows the major metallogenetic characteristics of the deposits with their techno-economic parameters. This approach enables affirmation of the potential of the polymetallic ore deposits in the Republic of Northern Macedonia.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47654342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Radusinović, R. Šajn, Božica Jovanović, D. Rokavec, K. Hribernik, Vasilije Abramović, Matej Draksler, Ivan Danilović, Miadjen Jovanovic
Primary and secondary mineral resources are of strategic importance to the EU economy. Montenegro, as a country candidate for membership in the EU, is required to follow (and later to implement) European policies, strategies as well as initiatives, including those related to mineral resources and the mining sector. The importance of providing access to mineral raw materials in the future is recognized by the EU, as well as meeting the needs of European industry, maintaining employment and ensuring further development. Considering the overall economic situation in Montenegro, it is important to encourge the mining sector and other industries based on the use of mineral resources in making a greater contribution to the development and sustainability of society as a whole and also increase the share of national GDP. The potential for discovery and utilization of primary and secondary mineral resources in Montenegro is demonstrated. The most important metallic mineral resources are bauxite, lead and zinc, while conventional energy resources include coal (oil and gas potential has yet to be proven). In addition, there are abundant non-metallic mineral raw materials - industrial minerals and construction materials. Secondary mineral resources, especially aluminous red mud (bauxite residue), are also significant and have been the subject of research in recent years. Tailings from flotation processes at operating and abandoned lead and zinc mines might also be of interest for metal recovery. Bottom and flay ash from thermal power plants, slag from steel production, as well as marlstone and limestone from the hanging wall of coal deposits may also have potential. Waste rocks could be used particularly for secondary aggregate production. A database was developed and the most important deposits of primary and secondary mineral resources in Montenegro were mapped during the RESEERVE project. Mineral data were harmonised so as to be INSPIRE compliant. In addition, some novel geochemical exploration results of secondary mineral resources are presented.
{"title":"The primary and secondary mineral resources of Montenegro and their mapping into the European data model","authors":"S. Radusinović, R. Šajn, Božica Jovanović, D. Rokavec, K. Hribernik, Vasilije Abramović, Matej Draksler, Ivan Danilović, Miadjen Jovanovic","doi":"10.4154/gc.2022.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"Primary and secondary mineral resources are of strategic importance to the EU economy. Montenegro, as a country candidate for membership in the EU, is required to follow (and later to implement) European policies, strategies as well as initiatives, including those related to mineral resources and the mining sector. The importance of providing access to mineral raw materials in the future is recognized by the EU, as well as meeting the needs of European industry, maintaining employment and ensuring further development. Considering the overall economic situation in Montenegro, it is important to encourge the mining sector and other industries based on the use of mineral resources in making a greater contribution to the development and sustainability of society as a whole and also increase the share of national GDP. The potential for discovery and utilization of primary and secondary mineral resources in Montenegro is demonstrated. The most important metallic mineral resources are bauxite, lead and zinc, while conventional energy resources include coal (oil and gas potential has yet to be proven). In addition, there are abundant non-metallic mineral raw materials - industrial minerals and construction materials. Secondary mineral resources, especially aluminous red mud (bauxite residue), are also significant and have been the subject of research in recent years. Tailings from flotation processes at operating and abandoned lead and zinc mines might also be of interest for metal recovery. Bottom and flay ash from thermal power plants, slag from steel production, as well as marlstone and limestone from the hanging wall of coal deposits may also have potential. Waste rocks could be used particularly for secondary aggregate production. A database was developed and the most important deposits of primary and secondary mineral resources in Montenegro were mapped during the RESEERVE project. Mineral data were harmonised so as to be INSPIRE compliant. In addition, some novel geochemical exploration results of secondary mineral resources are presented.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42811858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Steiner, Viktor Bertrandsson Erlandsson, R. Šajn, F. Melcher
Tailings of old mines often contain metals, which were not of economic interest or could not be recovered with the existing technology at the time of active mining. This is especially true for metals that often occur as by-products in Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag-Au) ores as Sb, Mo, Ge, and In. A fundamental characterization of some tailings is presented in terms of their mineralogy and content of valuable metals which could be extracted to finance a possible remediation and improve the supply of the EU with critical metals. Tailings from active and abandoned mines in Serbia (Bor, porphyry Cu/Au; Krivelj, porphyry Cu/Au; Blagodat, hydrothermal Pb-Zn; Lece, epithermal Au; Rudnik, hydrothermal/skarn Pb-Zn) and North Macedonia (Sasa, Pb-Zn; Probištip, Pb-Zn; Bučim, porphyry Cu; Lojane, fault-bound vein-type low-temperature As, Sb, Cr at the contact of rhyolite and serpentinite) were studied. Analysis for major and trace elements used a multi-method approach (lithium borate fusion and ICP-MS/OES analysis, gravimetric analysis, instrumental neutron activation analysis, total digestion ICP-OES, infrared spectroscopy) with mineral identification by scanning electron microscopy. Concentrations of the major commodity elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag) varies within several orders of magnitude depending on mineralogy and ore type. Critical metals (Co, Ga, Ge, Sb) contents are low with some exceptions. Some tailings contain moderate to elevated potentially toxic element levels (As, Cd, Pb, Tl). For the sample from Probištip which yielded the highest valuable metal concentrations (>5000 ppm Pb, 4020 ppm Zn), a heavy mineral concentrate of the sand size fraction (0.06 mm to 0.5 mm) was produced and analyzed by SEM and LA-ICP-MS for additional rare phases and trace elements. In all tailings studied, additional milling would be needed to separate ore from gangue minerals. Increasing metal prices might facilitate feasibility studies for some of the localities in the future, despite the limited quantitative information about the characterized tailings.
{"title":"Preliminary chemical and mineralogical characterization of tailings from base metal sulfide deposits in Serbia and North Macedonia","authors":"T. Steiner, Viktor Bertrandsson Erlandsson, R. Šajn, F. Melcher","doi":"10.4154/gc.2022.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2022.22","url":null,"abstract":"Tailings of old mines often contain metals, which were not of economic interest or could not be recovered with the existing technology at the time of active mining. This is especially true for metals that often occur as by-products in Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag-Au) ores as Sb, Mo, Ge, and In. A fundamental characterization of some tailings is presented in terms of their mineralogy and content of valuable metals which could be extracted to finance a possible remediation and improve the supply of the EU with critical metals. Tailings from active and abandoned mines in Serbia (Bor, porphyry Cu/Au; Krivelj, porphyry Cu/Au; Blagodat, hydrothermal Pb-Zn; Lece, epithermal Au; Rudnik, hydrothermal/skarn Pb-Zn) and North Macedonia (Sasa, Pb-Zn; Probištip, Pb-Zn; Bučim, porphyry Cu; Lojane, fault-bound vein-type low-temperature As, Sb, Cr at the contact of rhyolite and serpentinite) were studied. Analysis for major and trace elements used a multi-method approach (lithium borate fusion and ICP-MS/OES analysis, gravimetric analysis, instrumental neutron activation analysis, total digestion ICP-OES, infrared spectroscopy) with mineral identification by scanning electron microscopy. Concentrations of the major commodity elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag) varies within several orders of magnitude depending on mineralogy and ore type. Critical metals (Co, Ga, Ge, Sb) contents are low with some exceptions. Some tailings contain moderate to elevated potentially toxic element levels (As, Cd, Pb, Tl). For the sample from Probištip which yielded the highest valuable metal concentrations (>5000 ppm Pb, 4020 ppm Zn), a heavy mineral concentrate of the sand size fraction (0.06 mm to 0.5 mm) was produced and analyzed by SEM and LA-ICP-MS for additional rare phases and trace elements. In all tailings studied, additional milling would be needed to separate ore from gangue minerals. Increasing metal prices might facilitate feasibility studies for some of the localities in the future, despite the limited quantitative information about the characterized tailings.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43243842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sibila Borojević Šoštarić, Stavroula Giannakopoulou, K. Adam, Marta Mileusnić
The Adria region which includes the countries of: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia, and corresponds to the Dinarides, northwesternmost Hellenides, and the Vardar zone, has a long history of mining. Here, the main strengths and challenges of the mineral sector of the Adria region were assessed using the following methodology: (1) presentation of the current status of mineral exploration and exploitation, (2) SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis on parameters including geological potential, economic environment, legal and regulatory framework, innovation and technology framework, environmental protection and land use planning, governmental and social potential, human resources and educational potential, (3) Gap analysis, and (4) integration of the results obtained in the development of a roadmap for the actions required to promote investments in the mineral sector in the Adria region. The main strengths of the regional mineral sector include the significant mineral potential due to a favourable geological setting, significant reserves, a long mining tradition, and active exploration areas, as well as a significant number of active and abundant mines and the availability of secondary raw materials. Nevertheless, there are many challenges that the mineral sector faces, such as difficulties in ensuring social acceptance, a lack of new exploration campaigns in many areas, estimation of resources or reserves that do not follow international codes and standards, regulations related to environmental issues in the mineral sector of Adria countries that do not comply with European legislation, and the limited availability of qualified technical, scientific and managerial personnel involved in the whole mineral cycle. Therefore, actions and measures such as awareness campaigns to highlight the significance of Raw Materials in the sustainable development of the region, further exploration, reserves calculation in alignment with internationally recognized codes, harmonization with spatial plans, and reforms to attract investors and capacity building programs should be taken for further development of the Adria region’s mineral sector in a sustainable manner.
{"title":"The future of mining in the Adria region: current status, SWOT and Gap analysis of the mineral sector","authors":"Sibila Borojević Šoštarić, Stavroula Giannakopoulou, K. Adam, Marta Mileusnić","doi":"10.4154/gc.2022.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2022.26","url":null,"abstract":"The Adria region which includes the countries of: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia, and corresponds to the Dinarides, northwesternmost Hellenides, and the Vardar zone, has a long history of mining. Here, the main strengths and challenges of the mineral sector of the Adria region were assessed using the following methodology: (1) presentation of the current status of mineral exploration and exploitation, (2) SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis on parameters including geological potential, economic environment, legal and regulatory framework, innovation and technology framework, environmental protection and land use planning, governmental and social potential, human resources and educational potential, (3) Gap analysis, and (4) integration of the results obtained in the development of a roadmap for the actions required to promote investments in the mineral sector in the Adria region. The main strengths of the regional mineral sector include the significant mineral potential due to a favourable geological setting, significant reserves, a long mining tradition, and active exploration areas, as well as a significant number of active and abundant mines and the availability of secondary raw materials. Nevertheless, there are many challenges that the mineral sector faces, such as difficulties in ensuring social acceptance, a lack of new exploration campaigns in many areas, estimation of resources or reserves that do not follow international codes and standards, regulations related to environmental issues in the mineral sector of Adria countries that do not comply with European legislation, and the limited availability of qualified technical, scientific and managerial personnel involved in the whole mineral cycle. Therefore, actions and measures such as awareness campaigns to highlight the significance of Raw Materials in the sustainable development of the region, further exploration, reserves calculation in alignment with internationally recognized codes, harmonization with spatial plans, and reforms to attract investors and capacity building programs should be taken for further development of the Adria region’s mineral sector in a sustainable manner.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47284964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sibila Borojević Šoštarić, Marta Mileusnić, L. Galović
Primary and secondary mineral resources are of strategic importance to the EU economy. The EU has recognized the importance of securing access to mineral resources in the future, meeting the needs of European industry, preserving jobs and ensuring further development. This special issue is dedicated to the mineral potential of South-eastern Europe, more specifically the Adria region (including the countries of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia), which corresponds to the Dinarides, the northwesternmost Hellenides, and the Vardar zone and has a long history of mining. The six papers, which focus on primary and secondary mineral resources, are the result of the work of a large team involved in the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)funded project rESEErve Mineral potential of the Eastern and South-Eastern Europe region. Mineral potential mapping led to the Western Balkans Mineral Register (publicly available data), which enabled the integration of the region into a pan-European mineral information network and brought it closer to the common mineral market. Primary raw materials data refers to active, abandoned and closed mines that could be of interest for further exploration / exploitation, as well as prospective greenfield sites. The secondary raw material data include information on mine waste sites (including mining, processing and metallurgical wastes). BOROJEVIĆ ŠOŠTARIĆ et al. (2022) assessed the main strengths and challenges of the mineral sector in the Adria region. They present the status of mineral exploration and exploitation, provide a SWOT and Gap analysis, and developed the roadmap for the necessary actions to promote investments in the mineral sector in the Adria region. The potential for discovery and exploitation of primary and secondary mineral resources in Montenegro is demonstrated by RADUSINOVIĆ et al. (2022), who present the main metallic mineral resources (bauxite, lead and zinc), abundant non-metallic mineral resources (industrial minerals and construction materials) and secondary mineral resources (in particular, aluminous red mud and Pb and Zn operational and abandoned mine tailings, bottom and fly ash from thermal power plants, slag from steel production, and marlstone and limestone from hanging walls of coal deposits) and waste rock for aggregate production. SERAFIMOVSKI et al. (2022) present an overview and synthesis of several important polymetallic mineral deposits under exploitation in the Republic of Northern Macedonia (copper mine Buchim, lead-zinc mines Sasa, Zletovo and Toranica) as well as new exploration targets (Plavica, Ilovica, Kadiica, Borov Dol). The authors demonstrate the significant polymetallic ore potential in the Republic of Northern Macedonia. STEINER et al. (2022) have produced a basic characterization of selected tailings of active and abandoned mines in Serbia (Bor, porphyry Cu/Au; Krivelj, porphyry Cu/Au; Blagodat, hydrothermal Pb-
{"title":"Editorial: Primary and secondary resources of the Dinarides-Hellenides","authors":"Sibila Borojević Šoštarić, Marta Mileusnić, L. Galović","doi":"10.4154/gc.2022.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2022.28","url":null,"abstract":"Primary and secondary mineral resources are of strategic importance to the EU economy. The EU has recognized the importance of securing access to mineral resources in the future, meeting the needs of European industry, preserving jobs and ensuring further development. This special issue is dedicated to the mineral potential of South-eastern Europe, more specifically the Adria region (including the countries of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia), which corresponds to the Dinarides, the northwesternmost Hellenides, and the Vardar zone and has a long history of mining. The six papers, which focus on primary and secondary mineral resources, are the result of the work of a large team involved in the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)funded project rESEErve Mineral potential of the Eastern and South-Eastern Europe region. Mineral potential mapping led to the Western Balkans Mineral Register (publicly available data), which enabled the integration of the region into a pan-European mineral information network and brought it closer to the common mineral market. Primary raw materials data refers to active, abandoned and closed mines that could be of interest for further exploration / exploitation, as well as prospective greenfield sites. The secondary raw material data include information on mine waste sites (including mining, processing and metallurgical wastes). BOROJEVIĆ ŠOŠTARIĆ et al. (2022) assessed the main strengths and challenges of the mineral sector in the Adria region. They present the status of mineral exploration and exploitation, provide a SWOT and Gap analysis, and developed the roadmap for the necessary actions to promote investments in the mineral sector in the Adria region. The potential for discovery and exploitation of primary and secondary mineral resources in Montenegro is demonstrated by RADUSINOVIĆ et al. (2022), who present the main metallic mineral resources (bauxite, lead and zinc), abundant non-metallic mineral resources (industrial minerals and construction materials) and secondary mineral resources (in particular, aluminous red mud and Pb and Zn operational and abandoned mine tailings, bottom and fly ash from thermal power plants, slag from steel production, and marlstone and limestone from hanging walls of coal deposits) and waste rock for aggregate production. SERAFIMOVSKI et al. (2022) present an overview and synthesis of several important polymetallic mineral deposits under exploitation in the Republic of Northern Macedonia (copper mine Buchim, lead-zinc mines Sasa, Zletovo and Toranica) as well as new exploration targets (Plavica, Ilovica, Kadiica, Borov Dol). The authors demonstrate the significant polymetallic ore potential in the Republic of Northern Macedonia. STEINER et al. (2022) have produced a basic characterization of selected tailings of active and abandoned mines in Serbia (Bor, porphyry Cu/Au; Krivelj, porphyry Cu/Au; Blagodat, hydrothermal Pb-","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48411725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：