S. Plicanic, Ž. Pogačnik, Eva Koren, G. Vižintin, geologija rudarjenje in ekologija d.o.o. Deskle Slovenia Georudeko
The purpose of this article is to showcase opportunities for local communities to demonstrate selfsufficiency with respect to natural resources (gravel and sand) in the east of Slovenia. Limitations put in place for the exploitation of mineral resources by applicable regulations in the light of groundwater protection were analysed particularly in the context of mining undertaken in an area of shallow alluvium with a shallow groundwater table. It is essential that land disturbance (from mining activity) complies with the environmental limitations imposed by both EU and Slovenian law. The study highlights the factors directly indicating the inadequacy of the applicable regulations in Slovenia in relation to mining in areas of shallow groundwater; those limitations put in place the exploitation of mineral resources as unlawful works. This article outlines how such limitations negatively affect local communities’ self-sufficiency and the region with natural resources, specifically mineral resources. To this end, when selecting which alluvial plain to test, we focused on the area of the Drava and Ptuj Plain (Dravsko polje and Ptujsko polje) in Slovenia. The Drava River flows through the area in question across this alluvial plain. The artificially regulated power canal of the Zlatoličje hydroelectric power plant runs parallel to the river. Pursuant to environmental regulations, mineral resources can be exploited in these areas only up to two metres above the highest groundwater level. This criterion makes it almost impossible to pursue the additional exploitation of mineral resources in this area, as well as similar areas in the catchment area of the Danube River in Slovenia. We believe that in terms of the shared use of physical space it is necessary to change this limitation and link it directly to the percentage of exploited physical space and the application of relevant extraction technologies, which do not pollute groundwater either directly or indirectly. We also believe that the criterion put in place does not withstand expert judgment as the requirement for excavation to cease up to two metres above the highest groundwater level was not defined by means of the scientific method. The article analyses inconsistencies and puts forward measures for the ongoing eco-friendly and economically sustainable exploitation of mineral resources. As an alternative, we thus suggest implementing the EU Regulation via an act that would set out the necessary limitations, based on expert starting points arising from cartogra phic bases under consideration of the tetrahedral consensus-seeking methodology. The Drava and Ptuj Plain (yellow area in Figure 1), which is discussed here, falls under two geotectonic units: the smaller part to the west encompasses the east Pohorje Massif and belongs to the eastern Alps, whereas the remaining part comprising the Slovenske Gorice Hills, Haloze Hills, Dravinjske Gorice Hills (between the Dravinja River and the Drava Plain) an
{"title":"Natural Resources Self-Sufficiency – How to Balance Groundwater Protection and Mineral Resources Exploitation – Pleterje Case, Slovenia: Legal and Geological Aspects","authors":"S. Plicanic, Ž. Pogačnik, Eva Koren, G. Vižintin, geologija rudarjenje in ekologija d.o.o. Deskle Slovenia Georudeko","doi":"10.4154/GC.2021.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/GC.2021.02","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to showcase opportunities for local communities to demonstrate selfsufficiency with respect to natural resources (gravel and sand) in the east of Slovenia. Limitations put in place for the exploitation of mineral resources by applicable regulations in the light of groundwater protection were analysed particularly in the context of mining undertaken in an area of shallow alluvium with a shallow groundwater table. It is essential that land disturbance (from mining activity) complies with the environmental limitations imposed by both EU and Slovenian law. The study highlights the factors directly indicating the inadequacy of the applicable regulations in Slovenia in relation to mining in areas of shallow groundwater; those limitations put in place the exploitation of mineral resources as unlawful works. This article outlines how such limitations negatively affect local communities’ self-sufficiency and the region with natural resources, specifically mineral resources. To this end, when selecting which alluvial plain to test, we focused on the area of the Drava and Ptuj Plain (Dravsko polje and Ptujsko polje) in Slovenia. The Drava River flows through the area in question across this alluvial plain. The artificially regulated power canal of the Zlatoličje hydroelectric power plant runs parallel to the river. Pursuant to environmental regulations, mineral resources can be exploited in these areas only up to two metres above the highest groundwater level. This criterion makes it almost impossible to pursue the additional exploitation of mineral resources in this area, as well as similar areas in the catchment area of the Danube River in Slovenia. We believe that in terms of the shared use of physical space it is necessary to change this limitation and link it directly to the percentage of exploited physical space and the application of relevant extraction technologies, which do not pollute groundwater either directly or indirectly. We also believe that the criterion put in place does not withstand expert judgment as the requirement for excavation to cease up to two metres above the highest groundwater level was not defined by means of the scientific method. The article analyses inconsistencies and puts forward measures for the ongoing eco-friendly and economically sustainable exploitation of mineral resources. As an alternative, we thus suggest implementing the EU Regulation via an act that would set out the necessary limitations, based on expert starting points arising from cartogra phic bases under consideration of the tetrahedral consensus-seeking methodology. The Drava and Ptuj Plain (yellow area in Figure 1), which is discussed here, falls under two geotectonic units: the smaller part to the west encompasses the east Pohorje Massif and belongs to the eastern Alps, whereas the remaining part comprising the Slovenske Gorice Hills, Haloze Hills, Dravinjske Gorice Hills (between the Dravinja River and the Drava Plain) an","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45348075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radovan Avanić, D. Pavelić, Z. Pécskay, Mirjana Miknić, D. Tibljaš, L. Wacha
The Macelj formation is an informal Eggenburgian-early Ottnangian lithostratigraphic unit that is established in the area of the Hrvatsko Zagorje Basin, which represented a marginal zone of the Early Miocene Central Paratethys Sea. Modern studies, as a part of the Geologic Map of the Republic of Croatia 1:50 000 project, yielded new data that improves the knowledge of the depositional and stratigraphic characteristics of the formation. The sedimentological research within this study was focused on the two older lithostratigraphic units of the Macelj formation: the Vucji Jarek member and the Cemernica member. The Vucji Jarek mb. is represented by three facies. The Facies of horizontally bedded sandstones is characterized by mostly medium-grained, moderately sorted sandstones that reflect deposition on the foreshore to the upper shoreface. The facies of horizontally and cross-bedded glauconitic sandstones is composed of fine- to coarsegrained, well-sorted sandstones that indicate foreshore to shoreface deposition under tidal influence. The Facies of horizontally and cross-bedded pyroclastics consists of tuff, pumice, lapilli and large blocks, showing a chaotic structure in places. Deposition occurred at the shoreface under tidal influence. The Cemernica mb. is represented by the Facies of structureless clayey-silty sands that are poorly sorted and bioturbated, and indicates deposition below the fairweather wavebase, in the offshore-transition zone. Deposits of the members include marine macro- and microfossil associations.K-Ar dating of separated glauconite mineral fractions yielded an early Eggenburgian age for the Vucji Jarek mb. glauconitic sandstones (19.2±0.64 Ma) which is in accordance with biostratigraphical analyses. Sedimentological characteristics of the Eggenburgian Macelj fm., especially those that reflect the tidal influence, fit the general characteristics of the Central Paratethys Sea in the Early Miocene.
{"title":"Tidal deposits in the Early Miocene Central Paratethys: the Vučji Jarek and Čemernica members of the Macelj formation (NW Croatia)","authors":"Radovan Avanić, D. Pavelić, Z. Pécskay, Mirjana Miknić, D. Tibljaš, L. Wacha","doi":"10.4154/GC.2021.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/GC.2021.06","url":null,"abstract":"The Macelj formation is an informal Eggenburgian-early Ottnangian lithostratigraphic unit that is established in the area of the Hrvatsko Zagorje Basin, which represented a marginal zone of the Early Miocene Central Paratethys Sea. Modern studies, as a part of the Geologic Map of the Republic of Croatia 1:50 000 project, yielded new data that improves the knowledge of the depositional and stratigraphic characteristics of the formation. The sedimentological research within this study was focused on the two older lithostratigraphic units of the Macelj formation: the Vucji Jarek member and the Cemernica member. The Vucji Jarek mb. is represented by three facies. The Facies of horizontally bedded sandstones is characterized by mostly medium-grained, moderately sorted sandstones that reflect deposition on the foreshore to the upper shoreface. The facies of horizontally and cross-bedded glauconitic sandstones is composed of fine- to coarsegrained, well-sorted sandstones that indicate foreshore to shoreface deposition under tidal influence. The Facies of horizontally and cross-bedded pyroclastics consists of tuff, pumice, lapilli and large blocks, showing a chaotic structure in places. Deposition occurred at the shoreface under tidal influence. The Cemernica mb. is represented by the Facies of structureless clayey-silty sands that are poorly sorted and bioturbated, and indicates deposition below the fairweather wavebase, in the offshore-transition zone. Deposits of the members include marine macro- and microfossil associations.K-Ar dating of separated glauconite mineral fractions yielded an early Eggenburgian age for the Vucji Jarek mb. glauconitic sandstones (19.2±0.64 Ma) which is in accordance with biostratigraphical analyses. Sedimentological characteristics of the Eggenburgian Macelj fm., especially those that reflect the tidal influence, fit the general characteristics of the Central Paratethys Sea in the Early Miocene.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46135451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An upper Campanian to upper Oligocene stratigraphic succession has been examined from six deep exploration wells in the Palmyrides area of Syria. Most of the sedimentary succession contains rich and well to moderately preserved planktonic foraminiferal assemblages that enable successful age determination. The upper Campanian and Maastrichtian planktonic fauna is highly diverse with domination of warm water taxa such as Globotruncana aegyptiaca, Gansserina gansseri, Globotruncanella havanensis, Globotruncanita angulata and Pseudotextularia elegans. The most dramatic turnover occurred across the Cretaceous/Palaeocene boundary when most planktonic foraminiferal species became extinct. The oldest Palaeocene planktonic foraminiferal assemblage, rich in the number of specimens, but not very diverse, includes the following species: Eoglobigerina eobulloides, Globanomalina archeocompressa, Chiloguembelina morsei, Woodringina claytonensis and Parasubbotina pseudobulloides. The late Palaeocene is marked by origination of the morozovellids, acarininids and globanomalinids, while the early Eocene is characterized by a tropical assemblage, dominated by muricate species, and by intensive speciation of Acarinina and Subbotina in the latest part. Most of these species continue into the middle Eocene and become a significant component of the planktonic community. The middle Eocene is characterized by intensive speciation and domination of warm water genera such as Acarinina, Morozovelloides, and to a lesser degree Turborotalia, Globigerinatheka and Hantkenina. The middle/late Eocene boundary is marked by double extinction of the last muricate taxa Acarinina mcgowrani and Morozovelloides crasssatus, which indicate a variable climate, water column instability, and loss of surface habitats. In contrast, Turborotalia and Globigerinateheka become more important in the late Eocene. The Eocene/Oligocene boundary is marked by the extinction of most warm water taxa including Turborotalia cerroazulensis group, Hantkenina, Globigerinatheka and some subbotinids. The beginning of the early Oligocene is indicated by the domination of cool water taxa such as Dentoglobigerina, Globorotaloides, Tenuitella and Chiloguembelina. Speciation of the spinose surface dweller Ciperoella ciperoensis group reflects warming in the late Oligocene. The combined observations of lithology with the diversity and composition of planktonic foraminifera assemblages indicate that the Palmyrides area in Syria was a Tethyan bioprovince with a tropical to subtropical climate from the late Campanian to the end of the Eocene with deposition in deep sea environments (upper bathyal to outer shelf). In contrast, Oligocene deposits and their microfossil content suggest temperate to warm climate conditions and sedimentation in middle to inner shelf environments.
{"title":"Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and lithology of the Upper Cretaceous (upper Campanian-Maastrichtian) and Palaeogene succession of the Palmyrides (Syria)","authors":"Vlasta Premec-Fuček, Morana Hernitz Kučenjak, Gabrijela Pecimotika","doi":"10.4154/GC.2021.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/GC.2021.05","url":null,"abstract":"An upper Campanian to upper Oligocene stratigraphic succession has been examined from six deep exploration wells in the Palmyrides area of Syria. Most of the sedimentary succession contains rich and well to moderately preserved planktonic foraminiferal assemblages that enable successful age determination. The upper Campanian and Maastrichtian planktonic fauna is highly diverse with domination of warm water taxa such as Globotruncana aegyptiaca, Gansserina gansseri, Globotruncanella havanensis, Globotruncanita angulata and Pseudotextularia elegans. The most dramatic turnover occurred across the Cretaceous/Palaeocene boundary when most planktonic foraminiferal species became extinct. The oldest Palaeocene planktonic foraminiferal assemblage, rich in the number of specimens, but not very diverse, includes the following species: Eoglobigerina eobulloides, Globanomalina archeocompressa, Chiloguembelina morsei, Woodringina claytonensis and Parasubbotina pseudobulloides. The late Palaeocene is marked by origination of the morozovellids, acarininids and globanomalinids, while the early Eocene is characterized by a tropical assemblage, dominated by muricate species, and by intensive speciation of Acarinina and Subbotina in the latest part. Most of these species continue into the middle Eocene and become a significant component of the planktonic community. The middle Eocene is characterized by intensive speciation and domination of warm water genera such as Acarinina, Morozovelloides, and to a lesser degree Turborotalia, Globigerinatheka and Hantkenina. The middle/late Eocene boundary is marked by double extinction of the last muricate taxa Acarinina mcgowrani and Morozovelloides crasssatus, which indicate a variable climate, water column instability, and loss of surface habitats. In contrast, Turborotalia and Globigerinateheka become more important in the late Eocene. The Eocene/Oligocene boundary is marked by the extinction of most warm water taxa including Turborotalia cerroazulensis group, Hantkenina, Globigerinatheka and some subbotinids. The beginning of the early Oligocene is indicated by the domination of cool water taxa such as Dentoglobigerina, Globorotaloides, Tenuitella and Chiloguembelina. Speciation of the spinose surface dweller Ciperoella ciperoensis group reflects warming in the late Oligocene. The combined observations of lithology with the diversity and composition of planktonic foraminifera assemblages indicate that the Palmyrides area in Syria was a Tethyan bioprovince with a tropical to subtropical climate from the late Campanian to the end of the Eocene with deposition in deep sea environments (upper bathyal to outer shelf). In contrast, Oligocene deposits and their microfossil content suggest temperate to warm climate conditions and sedimentation in middle to inner shelf environments.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44939756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Basiru Mohammed Kore, M. Gül, Ceren Küçükuysal, Bilal Sarı
Scientific Research Projects Office (BAP) of Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Turkey - 17/118
Mugla Sitki kokman大学科学研究项目办公室(BAP)，土耳其- 17/118
{"title":"Lithostratigraphy and Sedimentological Characteristics of the Calciturbidites of the Babadağ Formation-Tavas Nappe (SW Turkey)","authors":"Basiru Mohammed Kore, M. Gül, Ceren Küçükuysal, Bilal Sarı","doi":"10.4154/GC.2021.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/GC.2021.01","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific Research Projects Office (BAP) of Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Turkey - 17/118","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42163833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Čukaru Peki is a recently discovered copper-gold deposit in the Bor metallogenic zone in east Serbia. Three types of mineralization can be distinguished in this ore deposit: porphyry, high-sulphidation, and transitional epithermal type. This research was focused on fluid inclusion analysis of genetically different veins from the porphyry and the transitional zones of Čukaru Peki with an aim of better understanding the fluid evolution and mineralization processes in this system. Seven types of veins were identified in the porphyry zone of Čukaru Peki and four of these veins contained transparent minerals which were suitable for fluid inclusion analysis. Eight types of inclusion assemblages were distinguished in these veins: type 1 – primary inclusions with homogenization temperatures above 550°C and high salinity, type 2a- scattered polyphase inclusions two salt crystals, type 2b-polyphase inclusions with two salt crystals in crystal growth zones, type 3- brine inclusions with one salt crystal in crystal growth zones, type 4- vapour-rich inclusions, type 5- primary inclusions in anhydrite, and types 6 and 7- secondary low-temperature inclusions This research suggests that saline fluids (30-40% wt.% NaCl eq.) were the most important ones for the formation of porphyry-type mineralization and that the mineralization was formed at temperatures between 350 and 450°C and pressures between 100 and 500 bars. The epithermal stage was characterized by cooler low-salinity fluids with temperatures between 150-350°C, and salinity between 0 and 7 wt.% NaCl eq.
{"title":"Fluid Evolution of the Čukaru Peki Cu-Au Porphyry System (East Serbia) inferred from a fluid inclusion study","authors":"Milos Velojic, R. Jelenković, V. Cvetkovic","doi":"10.4154/gc.2020.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2020.14","url":null,"abstract":"Čukaru Peki is a recently discovered copper-gold deposit in the Bor metallogenic zone in east Serbia. Three types of mineralization can be distinguished in this ore deposit: porphyry, high-sulphidation, and transitional epithermal type. This research was focused on fluid inclusion analysis of genetically different veins from the porphyry and the transitional zones of Čukaru Peki with an aim of better understanding the fluid evolution and mineralization processes in this system. Seven types of veins were identified in the porphyry zone of Čukaru Peki and four of these veins contained transparent minerals which were suitable for fluid inclusion analysis. Eight types of inclusion assemblages were distinguished in these veins: type 1 – primary inclusions with homogenization temperatures above 550°C and high salinity, type 2a- scattered polyphase inclusions two salt crystals, type 2b-polyphase inclusions with two salt crystals in crystal growth zones, type 3- brine inclusions with one salt crystal in crystal growth zones, type 4- vapour-rich inclusions, type 5- primary inclusions in anhydrite, and types 6 and 7- secondary low-temperature inclusions This research suggests that saline fluids (30-40% wt.% NaCl eq.) were the most important ones for the formation of porphyry-type mineralization and that the mineralization was formed at temperatures between 350 and 450°C and pressures between 100 and 500 bars. The epithermal stage was characterized by cooler low-salinity fluids with temperatures between 150-350°C, and salinity between 0 and 7 wt.% NaCl eq.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45405901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents new discoveries of vascular plants and the trace fossil Dictyodora liebeana (GEINITZ) from the Devonian–Carboniferous Kucaj-Zvonce flysch of the Carpatho-Balkanides and the implications of this fossil association for its sedimentary setting. The occurrence of the described plant debris in a deep-marine environment indicates the presence of hyperpycnites within the siliciclastic turbidites exposed at the Kostadinovica locality. The sedimentological data and the characteristics of the fossil material support the proposed model in which the sediment was at least partially transported by hyperpycnite currents. Furthermore, based on the assessment to similar palaeofloras from comparable formations, the age of the fossil plants can be determined as Early Carboniferous. This can be used as an additional biostratigraphic criterion given the relative abundance of vascular plants in other localities of the Kucaj-Zvonce flysch described in previous studies. The age and the depositional setting of the succession is further better constrained by the first observation of Dictyodora liebeana (GEINITZ) in the Carpatho-Balkanides of Serbia.
{"title":"Hyperpycnites within the Devonian-Carboniferous flysch of the Carpatho-Balkanides (Kostadinovica, eastern Serbia)","authors":"M. Radonjić","doi":"10.4154/gc.2020.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2020.13","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents new discoveries of vascular plants and the trace fossil Dictyodora liebeana (GEINITZ) from the Devonian–Carboniferous Kucaj-Zvonce flysch of the Carpatho-Balkanides and the implications of this fossil association for its sedimentary setting. The occurrence of the described plant debris in a deep-marine environment indicates the presence of hyperpycnites within the siliciclastic turbidites exposed at the Kostadinovica locality. The sedimentological data and the characteristics of the fossil material support the proposed model in which the sediment was at least partially transported by hyperpycnite currents. Furthermore, based on the assessment to similar palaeofloras from comparable formations, the age of the fossil plants can be determined as Early Carboniferous. This can be used as an additional biostratigraphic criterion given the relative abundance of vascular plants in other localities of the Kucaj-Zvonce flysch described in previous studies. The age and the depositional setting of the succession is further better constrained by the first observation of Dictyodora liebeana (GEINITZ) in the Carpatho-Balkanides of Serbia.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46154410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Krisztina Sebe, M. Kovácic, I. Magyar, K. Krizmanić, M. Špelić, D. Bigunac, M. Sütő-Szentai, Á. Kovács, Andrea Szuromi-Korec, K. Bakrač, Valentina Hajek-Tadesse, T. Troskot-Čorbić, O. Sztanó
Upper Miocene to Pliocene (Pannonian) sediments of the Pannonian Basin System accumulated in the brackish Lake Pannon and the fluvial feeder systems, between 11.6-2.6 Ma. Their stratigraphic subdivision has been problematic for a long time due to the laterally prograding architecture of the basin fill and the historically independently evolving stratigraphic schemes of the neighbouring countries. We correlated the lithostratigraphic units of the Lake Pannon deposits between Hungary and Croatia in the Drava Basin, using lithological, sedimentological and palaeontological data from boreholes and outcrops, and seismic correlation. The Croatica and Medvedski breg formations in Croatia correspond to the Endrőd Fm. in Hungary, comprising shallow to deep water, open lacustrine, calcareous to argillaceous marls. The Andrasevec fm. in Croatia corresponds to the Szolnok and Algyő Fms. in Hungary, consisting of sandstones and siltstones of turbidite systems and of clay marls deposited on the shelf-break slope. The Nova Gradiska fm. in Croatia is an equivalent of the Ujfalu Fm. in Hungary, built up of a variety of lithologies, including sand, silt, clay and huminitic clay, deposited in deltaic environments. The Pluska fm. in Croatia corresponds to the Zagyva Fm. in Hungary, consisting of variegated clays, silts, sands and lignites, deposited in alluvial and fluvial environments. Coarse-grained (sand, gravel) basal layers are assigned to the Kalla and Bekes Fms. and the Sveti Matej member of the Croatica fm. Coarse-grained intercalations within the deep-water marls belong to the Dorozsma Member of the Endrőd Fm. in Hungary, and to the Bacun member of the Medvedski breg fm. in Croatia. Sediment transport and lateral accretion of the shelf edge in the Drava Basin took place from the N, NW, and W, to the S, SE, and E, respectively. According to the biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic analyses, the oldest shelf-break slopes in the Mura Basin are more than 8 Ma old, whereas the youngest ones in the southeasternmost part of the Drava Basin may be Pliocene in age (younger than 5.3 Ma). Thus, the 180 km long and at least 700 m deep Drava Basin was transformed into a fluvial plain during the last 3.5 million years of the Miocene.
{"title":"Correlation of upper Miocene–Pliocene Lake Pannon deposits across the Drava Basin, Croatia and Hungary","authors":"Krisztina Sebe, M. Kovácic, I. Magyar, K. Krizmanić, M. Špelić, D. Bigunac, M. Sütő-Szentai, Á. Kovács, Andrea Szuromi-Korec, K. Bakrač, Valentina Hajek-Tadesse, T. Troskot-Čorbić, O. Sztanó","doi":"10.4154/gc.2020.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2020.12","url":null,"abstract":"Upper Miocene to Pliocene (Pannonian) sediments of the Pannonian Basin System accumulated in the brackish Lake Pannon and the fluvial feeder systems, between 11.6-2.6 Ma. Their stratigraphic subdivision has been problematic for a long time due to the laterally prograding architecture of the basin fill and the historically independently evolving stratigraphic schemes of the neighbouring countries. We correlated the lithostratigraphic units of the Lake Pannon deposits between Hungary and Croatia in the Drava Basin, using lithological, sedimentological and palaeontological data from boreholes and outcrops, and seismic correlation. The Croatica and Medvedski breg formations in Croatia correspond to the Endrőd Fm. in Hungary, comprising shallow to deep water, open lacustrine, calcareous to argillaceous marls. The Andrasevec fm. in Croatia corresponds to the Szolnok and Algyő Fms. in Hungary, consisting of sandstones and siltstones of turbidite systems and of clay marls deposited on the shelf-break slope. The Nova Gradiska fm. in Croatia is an equivalent of the Ujfalu Fm. in Hungary, built up of a variety of lithologies, including sand, silt, clay and huminitic clay, deposited in deltaic environments. The Pluska fm. in Croatia corresponds to the Zagyva Fm. in Hungary, consisting of variegated clays, silts, sands and lignites, deposited in alluvial and fluvial environments. Coarse-grained (sand, gravel) basal layers are assigned to the Kalla and Bekes Fms. and the Sveti Matej member of the Croatica fm. Coarse-grained intercalations within the deep-water marls belong to the Dorozsma Member of the Endrőd Fm. in Hungary, and to the Bacun member of the Medvedski breg fm. in Croatia. Sediment transport and lateral accretion of the shelf edge in the Drava Basin took place from the N, NW, and W, to the S, SE, and E, respectively. According to the biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic analyses, the oldest shelf-break slopes in the Mura Basin are more than 8 Ma old, whereas the youngest ones in the southeasternmost part of the Drava Basin may be Pliocene in age (younger than 5.3 Ma). Thus, the 180 km long and at least 700 m deep Drava Basin was transformed into a fluvial plain during the last 3.5 million years of the Miocene.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45320345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three main facies associations FA-3 to FA occur in the Oxfordian Argiles rouges de Kheneg Formation in northwestern Algeria. They correspond respectively to the deeper part of a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate shelf, upper shoreface and offshore transition-lower offshore. The trace fossil association of the Argiles rouges de Kheneg Formation contains fifteen ichnogenera and is moderately diverse for the Upper Jurassic. The formation contains diverse and abundant deep water or dominantly deep water trace fossils (i.e. Belorhaphe, Chondrites, Helminthopsis, Nereites, Megagrapton). They indicate that a part of the formation was deposited in offshore transition to lower offshore environments.
在阿尔及利亚西北部的Oxfordian Argiles rouge de Kheneg组中存在FA-3 ~ FA三种主要相组合。它们分别对应于硅塑料-碳酸盐混合陆架的深层、上滨面和近海过渡-下近海。胭脂Argiles rouge de Kheneg组的化石组合包括15个鱼属，上侏罗统具有中等多样性。地层中含有丰富多样的深水或以深水为主的痕迹化石(如Belorhaphe、Chondrites、Helminthopsis、Nereites、Megagrapton)。表明该组部分沉积于近海向下海环境过渡时期。
{"title":"First record of trace fossils from the Oxfordian Argiles rouges de Kheneg Formation (Tiaret, northwestern Algeria)","authors":"Mourad Belaid, Amine Cherif, O. Vinn, M. Naimi","doi":"10.4154/gc.2020.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2020.10","url":null,"abstract":"Three main facies associations FA-3 to FA occur in the Oxfordian Argiles rouges de Kheneg Formation in northwestern Algeria. They correspond respectively to the deeper part of a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate shelf, upper shoreface and offshore transition-lower offshore. The trace fossil association of the Argiles rouges de Kheneg Formation contains fifteen ichnogenera and is moderately diverse for the Upper Jurassic. The formation contains diverse and abundant deep water or dominantly deep water trace fossils (i.e. Belorhaphe, Chondrites, Helminthopsis, Nereites, Megagrapton). They indicate that a part of the formation was deposited in offshore transition to lower offshore environments.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43263969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A relatively novel and abridged methodology for assessing the quantity and quality status of groundwater bodies has been applied in the Dinaric karst of SE Europe. Validation of pressure on quantity is based on groundwater budgeting and the correlation of available groundwater reserves and projected water demands, while pressure on quality is estimated by GIS-created maps: vulnerability – hazard – risk. The results obtained from the studied groundwater bodies indicate mostly low pressure on water quantity, but increased risk from diffuse and point pollution sources. The application of methods is possible in many transboundary and inner aquifer systems even in geologically complex environments where there is insufficient monitoring dataon the groundwater regime.
{"title":"A methodology for assessing the pressures on transboundary groundwater quantity and quality – experiences from the Dinaric karst","authors":"Z. Stevanović, Veljko Marinović","doi":"10.4154/gc.2020.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2020.08","url":null,"abstract":"A relatively novel and abridged methodology for assessing the quantity and quality status of groundwater bodies has been applied in the Dinaric karst of SE Europe. Validation of pressure on quantity is based on groundwater budgeting and the correlation of available groundwater reserves and projected water demands, while pressure on quality is estimated by GIS-created maps: vulnerability – hazard – risk. The results obtained from the studied groundwater bodies indicate mostly low pressure on water quantity, but increased risk from diffuse and point pollution sources. The application of methods is possible in many transboundary and inner aquifer systems even in geologically complex environments where there is insufficient monitoring dataon the groundwater regime.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43567193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tvrtko Korbar, Ladislav Fuček, Vlasta Premec Fuček, Nenad Oštrić
Maastrichtian to Palaeocene pelagic carbonates on the central Adriatic island of Svetac (Sveti Andrija) are the only outcrops reported to date that document pelagic deposition during the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) transition within the Adriatic Basin. An approximately 3 m thick succession at the Smokvica locality contains a rich and diverse planktonic foraminiferal assemblage which allows dating of the succession and the recognition of some biostratigraphic zones. The lower part of the Smokvica section consists of 1.5 m thick pelagic biomicrite characterized by the abundance of late Maastrichtian planktonic foraminifera that indicate the Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone. An intercalation of intraclastic floatstone <0.5 m in thickness occurring on top of Maastrichtian pelagic biomicrite is characterized by unsorted pelagic intraclasts floating within the pelagic matrix, and both components only contain Maastrichtian planktonic foraminifera.The floatstone is overlain by another <0.5 m thick intraclastic-bioclastic floatstone characterized by rounded pelagic intraclasts (plasticlasts) containing Maastrichtian planktonic foraminifera floating in the pelagic matrix. The matrix of the later floatstone contains Maastrichtian and Palaeocene planktonic foraminifera mixed together. Thus, the transition from the Maastrichtian to the Palaeocene is not continuous but is characterized by amalgamated debrites that are related to at least two separated re-depositional events within the basin. The overlying pure pelagic biomicrite is rich in planktonic foraminifera that indicates the Palaeocene P3 Zone. A few metres apart, after the covered interval, there are also Eocene pelagic biomicrites with planktonic foraminifera which indicate the Eocene E9 Zone, characterized by the co-appearance of benthic foraminifera (Discocyclina) floating within the pelagic matrix. It is assumed that a Maastrichtian opening of the deep-water environment connected to the Adriatic Basin within the former Adriatic Carbonate Platform west of the island of Vis could be related to a re-activation of an inherited transverse fault zone.
{"title":"Maastrichtian to Palaeocene and Eocene pelagic carbonates on the island of Svetac (central Adriatic, Croatia)","authors":"Tvrtko Korbar, Ladislav Fuček, Vlasta Premec Fuček, Nenad Oštrić","doi":"10.4154/gc.2020.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4154/gc.2020.07","url":null,"abstract":"Maastrichtian to Palaeocene pelagic carbonates on the central Adriatic island of Svetac (Sveti Andrija) are the only outcrops reported to date that document pelagic deposition during the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) transition within the Adriatic Basin. An approximately 3 m thick succession at the Smokvica locality contains a rich and diverse planktonic foraminiferal assemblage which allows dating of the succession and the recognition of some biostratigraphic zones. The lower part of the Smokvica section consists of 1.5 m thick pelagic biomicrite characterized by the abundance of late Maastrichtian planktonic foraminifera that indicate the Abathomphalus mayaroensis Zone. An intercalation of intraclastic floatstone <0.5 m in thickness occurring on top of Maastrichtian pelagic biomicrite is characterized by unsorted pelagic intraclasts floating within the pelagic matrix, and both components only contain Maastrichtian planktonic foraminifera.The floatstone is overlain by another <0.5 m thick intraclastic-bioclastic floatstone characterized by rounded pelagic intraclasts (plasticlasts) containing Maastrichtian planktonic foraminifera floating in the pelagic matrix. The matrix of the later floatstone contains Maastrichtian and Palaeocene planktonic foraminifera mixed together. Thus, the transition from the Maastrichtian to the Palaeocene is not continuous but is characterized by amalgamated debrites that are related to at least two separated re-depositional events within the basin. The overlying pure pelagic biomicrite is rich in planktonic foraminifera that indicates the Palaeocene P3 Zone. A few metres apart, after the covered interval, there are also Eocene pelagic biomicrites with planktonic foraminifera which indicate the Eocene E9 Zone, characterized by the co-appearance of benthic foraminifera (Discocyclina) floating within the pelagic matrix. It is assumed that a Maastrichtian opening of the deep-water environment connected to the Adriatic Basin within the former Adriatic Carbonate Platform west of the island of Vis could be related to a re-activation of an inherited transverse fault zone.","PeriodicalId":55108,"journal":{"name":"Geologia Croatica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45139080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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