Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110128
Juan-Luis García , Javiera Carraha , Hans Fernández-Navarro , Samuel U. Nussbaumer , Francia Pérez , Alan J. Hidy , Isabelle Gärtner-Roer , Wilfried Haeberli
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Glacial to periglacial transition at the end of the last ice age in the subtropical semiarid Andes” [Geomorphology 465 (2024) 109379 (15 November)]","authors":"Juan-Luis García , Javiera Carraha , Hans Fernández-Navarro , Samuel U. Nussbaumer , Francia Pérez , Alan J. Hidy , Isabelle Gärtner-Roer , Wilfried Haeberli","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 110128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110171
Aijun Sun , Hui Zhao , Luqi Chai , Xiaoting Jin , Bing Liu , Fujun Meng , Yang Liu , Xingpeng Wang , Fahu Chen
The widely distributed ancient fluvial-lacustrine deposits (FLD) within the Taklamakan Desert are potentially valuable archives for reconstructing paleohydrological changes in this arid region. However, their formation mechanism is poorly constrained due to the lack of a systematic comparison of modern sedimentary processes and these FLD within the desert hinterland. In this study we measured the grain size, geochemical element contents, and color of 77 sediment samples from the Taklamakan Desert. They included 54 samples from 12 stratigraphic sections (FLD layers interbedded within aeolian sands), 13 modern fluvial sediment samples, and 10 modern aeolian sand samples. The FLD had very similar physicochemical characteristics to those of the modern fluvial sediments, but they were distinctly different to the aeolian sands. Integrating sedimentological evidence with geomorphological observations, we propose that flooding events from adjacent river systems during past pluvial periods were the dominant factor in the formation of these FLD. Our systematic physicochemical comparison of paleo-sedimentary sediments with potential modern analogues, provides a robust framework for interpreting the hydrological history of the Taklamakan Desert, with implications for better understanding paleoenvironmental processes in arid Central Asia.
{"title":"Significance of the physicochemical properties of modern sediments in the Taklimakan Desert for the origin of fluvial-lacustrine deposits in the desert interior","authors":"Aijun Sun , Hui Zhao , Luqi Chai , Xiaoting Jin , Bing Liu , Fujun Meng , Yang Liu , Xingpeng Wang , Fahu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widely distributed ancient fluvial-lacustrine deposits (FLD) within the Taklamakan Desert are potentially valuable archives for reconstructing paleohydrological changes in this arid region. However, their formation mechanism is poorly constrained due to the lack of a systematic comparison of modern sedimentary processes and these FLD within the desert hinterland. In this study we measured the grain size, geochemical element contents, and color of 77 sediment samples from the Taklamakan Desert. They included 54 samples from 12 stratigraphic sections (FLD layers interbedded within aeolian sands), 13 modern fluvial sediment samples, and 10 modern aeolian sand samples. The FLD had very similar physicochemical characteristics to those of the modern fluvial sediments, but they were distinctly different to the aeolian sands. Integrating sedimentological evidence with geomorphological observations, we propose that flooding events from adjacent river systems during past pluvial periods were the dominant factor in the formation of these FLD. Our systematic physicochemical comparison of paleo-sedimentary sediments with potential modern analogues, provides a robust framework for interpreting the hydrological history of the Taklamakan Desert, with implications for better understanding paleoenvironmental processes in arid Central Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 110171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110159
Abhijith Kamath , Jan-willem van de Kuilen
Phragmites australis L., a widespread vegetation in riparian zones such as rivers and canals, is extensively studied for its ecological benefits such as nutrient removal and hydraulic retention. However, its direct contribution to bank stability through root reinforcement, a key factor for its use in soil bioengineering techniques, has received limited attention. This study investigated the root reinforcement provided by P. australis and its root traits at a soil bioengineering test site on a canal bank in the Province of North-Holland in the Netherlands.
Direct measurements of root-soil composite strength were performed using a corkscrew extraction technique at two distinct distances from the canal. Concurrently, root distribution parameters, including Root Area Ratio (RAR) and Root Length Density (RLD), were quantified from extracted soil plugs. Root reinforcement was also indirectly estimated using biomechanical models, incorporating measured root tensile strength and root distribution parameters as inputs. A total of 12 excavations, each 0.25 m2, were conducted for comprehensive root trait analysis at both locations.
Direct measurements revealed substantial root reinforcement (max 36 kPa; avg 6–19 kPa). RAR showed effective stabilization values between 0.03 and 0.65 %, peaking at 0.65 % in the area close to canal. Root systems were dominated by fine roots (<0.5 mm diameter), comprising >80 % of total root length and creating dense reinforcing networks. Corkscrew measurements yielded conservative values. Modeled estimates significantly exceeded these field measurements, which is consistent with conventional shear testing. The extensive root surface area (>3.9 m2 m−2) further demonstrates the species' soil-binding capacity, with higher values occurring in hydrologically favorable zones.
While the ecological implications of using this widespread species must be contextually considered, its pronounced mechanical reinforcement makes it a highly effective biotechnical tool, particularly in managed environments like canals.
{"title":"Field measurements of Phragmites australis root reinforcement and traits along a riparian zone","authors":"Abhijith Kamath , Jan-willem van de Kuilen","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2026.110159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Phragmites australis L.</em>, a widespread vegetation in riparian zones such as rivers and canals, is extensively studied for its ecological benefits such as nutrient removal and hydraulic retention. However, its direct contribution to bank stability through root reinforcement, a key factor for its use in soil bioengineering techniques, has received limited attention. This study investigated the root reinforcement provided by <em>P. australis</em> and its root traits at a soil bioengineering test site on a canal bank in the Province of North-Holland in the Netherlands.</div><div>Direct measurements of root-soil composite strength were performed using a corkscrew extraction technique at two distinct distances from the canal. Concurrently, root distribution parameters, including Root Area Ratio (RAR) and Root Length Density (RLD), were quantified from extracted soil plugs. Root reinforcement was also indirectly estimated using biomechanical models, incorporating measured root tensile strength and root distribution parameters as inputs. A total of 12 excavations, each 0.25 m<sup>2</sup>, were conducted for comprehensive root trait analysis at both locations.</div><div>Direct measurements revealed substantial root reinforcement (max 36 kPa; avg 6–19 kPa). RAR showed effective stabilization values between 0.03 and 0.65 %, peaking at 0.65 % in the area close to canal. Root systems were dominated by fine roots (<0.5 mm diameter), comprising >80 % of total root length and creating dense reinforcing networks. Corkscrew measurements yielded conservative values. Modeled estimates significantly exceeded these field measurements, which is consistent with conventional shear testing. The extensive root surface area (>3.9 m<sup>2</sup> m<sup>−2</sup>) further demonstrates the species' soil-binding capacity, with higher values occurring in hydrologically favorable zones.</div><div>While the ecological implications of using this widespread species must be contextually considered, its pronounced mechanical reinforcement makes it a highly effective biotechnical tool, particularly in managed environments like canals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 110159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110157
Xin Zhao , Xiujun Dong , Zhifang Zhao , Zhiquan Yang , Yi Yang , Mingchun Wen , Yifan Cao
Geomorphic evolution not only records the dynamics of the Earth's surface through a cyclical progression from the youthful stage to an older stage but is also closely intertwined with the current and future development of the Earth's surface. Red-bed landslides are distributed in the red-series continental layered clastic rock formations deposited during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Eras. Endowed with inherent susceptibility to bedding-parallel sliding and distinct morphological diversity, these landslides constitute a typical geomorphic hazard on the Earth's surface. Those slope movements are inevitably closely linked to geomorphic evolution, which serves as a crucial implicit feature of surface changes. However, the movement characteristics of red-bed landslides from the perspective of geomorphic evolution remain poorly understood, necessitating further investigation into this issue. This paper focuses on the Qinjia red-bed landslide in western Yunnan, China, which remained in a slow-moving state from June 2018 to May 2022. Our research findings were obtained through multidisciplinary approaches, including unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne light detection and ranging (LiDAR), satellite-based time-series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), geomorphic evolution analysis, and digital terrain analysis. Both the geomorphic evolution in the temporal dimension and the surface deformation in the spatial dimension exhibit significant differential distribution characteristics on the Qinjia landslide. The coupling model of the geomorphic evolution and InSAR deformation rate conforms to a significant quadratic function relationship, meaning that as the geomorphic evolution process progresses, the deformation rate exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Additionally, areas in the mature stage correspond to the portions where landslide movement is most intense. The spatial distribution of the geomorphic evolution progression across the secondary sliding zones reveals that the sliding pattern of the Qinjia landslide is traction-type. The results of this study supplement the mountain disaster community's understanding of the movement characteristics of landslides from the perspective of geomorphic evolution.
{"title":"Insights into red-bed landslide movement from the perspective of geomorphic evolution: A case study in western Yunnan, China","authors":"Xin Zhao , Xiujun Dong , Zhifang Zhao , Zhiquan Yang , Yi Yang , Mingchun Wen , Yifan Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geomorphic evolution not only records the dynamics of the Earth's surface through a cyclical progression from the youthful stage to an older stage but is also closely intertwined with the current and future development of the Earth's surface. Red-bed landslides are distributed in the red-series continental layered clastic rock formations deposited during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Eras. Endowed with inherent susceptibility to bedding-parallel sliding and distinct morphological diversity, these landslides constitute a typical geomorphic hazard on the Earth's surface. Those slope movements are inevitably closely linked to geomorphic evolution, which serves as a crucial implicit feature of surface changes. However, the movement characteristics of red-bed landslides from the perspective of geomorphic evolution remain poorly understood, necessitating further investigation into this issue. This paper focuses on the Qinjia red-bed landslide in western Yunnan, China, which remained in a slow-moving state from June 2018 to May 2022. Our research findings were obtained through multidisciplinary approaches, including unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne light detection and ranging (LiDAR), satellite-based time-series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), geomorphic evolution analysis, and digital terrain analysis. Both the geomorphic evolution in the temporal dimension and the surface deformation in the spatial dimension exhibit significant differential distribution characteristics on the Qinjia landslide. The coupling model of the geomorphic evolution and InSAR deformation rate conforms to a significant quadratic function relationship, meaning that as the geomorphic evolution process progresses, the deformation rate exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Additionally, areas in the mature stage correspond to the portions where landslide movement is most intense. The spatial distribution of the geomorphic evolution progression across the secondary sliding zones reveals that the sliding pattern of the Qinjia landslide is traction-type. The results of this study supplement the mountain disaster community's understanding of the movement characteristics of landslides from the perspective of geomorphic evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 110157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110154
Xuehua Che, Zhuolun Li, Shipei Dong, Jie Luo, Yingyibing Shen, Xue Peng
Eolian dunes are sedimentary landforms that are particularly sensitive to climate change. Dune activity, including dune migration and sand transport, responds rapidly to environmental changes. However, the contribution of environmental factors underlying spatial variations in dune activity remains unclear. To address this issue, we quantify dune activity in the Tengger Desert and assess the dominant influences including: sand supply, vegetation, topography, and climate. In this study, based on Landsat imagery and COSI-Corr technique, we first derive the spatiotemporal characteristics of the dune migration and sand transport flux in the Tengger Desert from 2014 to 2023, then the dominant factors governing dune activity are identified using the Random Forest (RF) model. The results show that the average dune migration rate in the Tengger Desert is 2.1–3.7 m/yr, with a migration direction of ESE-SSE. The average sand transport flux in the desert is 18.89 ± 28.61 m3/m/yr, controlled by a combination of wind energy and sediment availability. Overall, precipitation, wind intensity, topographic relief, and vegetation coverage are the primary controls on dune activity. In regions with annual precipitation below 150 mm, low precipitation plays a dominant role in dune activity. In regions with precipitation exceeding 150 mm, wind intensity and vegetation coverage become the primary controls, leading to the formation of bistable dune landscapes. This study clarifies the dominant factors affecting changes in dune migration and sand flux at the dune scale, which is helpful for understanding desert evolution responding to climate change.
{"title":"Quantifying the influencing factors on the spatiotemporal patterns of dune activity in the Tengger Desert, Northwestern China","authors":"Xuehua Che, Zhuolun Li, Shipei Dong, Jie Luo, Yingyibing Shen, Xue Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eolian dunes are sedimentary landforms that are particularly sensitive to climate change. Dune activity, including dune migration and sand transport, responds rapidly to environmental changes. However, the contribution of environmental factors underlying spatial variations in dune activity remains unclear. To address this issue, we quantify dune activity in the Tengger Desert and assess the dominant influences including: sand supply, vegetation, topography, and climate. In this study, based on Landsat imagery and COSI-Corr technique, we first derive the spatiotemporal characteristics of the dune migration and sand transport flux in the Tengger Desert from 2014 to 2023, then the dominant factors governing dune activity are identified using the Random Forest (RF) model. The results show that the average dune migration rate in the Tengger Desert is 2.1–3.7 m/yr, with a migration direction of ESE-SSE. The average sand transport flux in the desert is 18.89 ± 28.61 m<sup>3</sup>/m/yr, controlled by a combination of wind energy and sediment availability. Overall, precipitation, wind intensity, topographic relief, and vegetation coverage are the primary controls on dune activity. In regions with annual precipitation below 150 mm, low precipitation plays a dominant role in dune activity. In regions with precipitation exceeding 150 mm, wind intensity and vegetation coverage become the primary controls, leading to the formation of bistable dune landscapes. This study clarifies the dominant factors affecting changes in dune migration and sand flux at the dune scale, which is helpful for understanding desert evolution responding to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 110154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110156
Anatoly Tsyplenkov , Maksim Uspenskii , Sergey Kharchenko , Simon Scheper , Valentin Golosov
Mountain catchments face severe erosion processes, yet sediment transport is rarely measured. Independent methods are needed to assess sediment yield without relying on long-term gauging data. We applied three methods to estimate erosion rates and sediment yield from a 1.84 km2 montane catchment located in the North Caucasus. These were: 1) in-situ measurement of the lake sedimentation rate; 2) assessment of erosion rates based on the spatial distribution of geomorphic processes, their rates, and sediment connectivity; and 3) adaptation of the RUSLE model for predicting mean annual soil loss. Based on lake sedimentation rates, the mean annual area-specific sediment yield was 513 t km−2 yr−1. The spatial distribution and rates of erosion processes indicated that surficial erosion accounts for approximately 83 % of total sediment export, ephemeral streams for 7 %, and rockfalls for 6 %. The remaining contribution comes from soil creep and seasonal solifluction. The RUSLE model, coupled with the morphometric sediment delivery ratio, produced similar, yet 16 % lower, estimates of mean annual sediment yield. This suggests the potential application of this empirical model for ungauged basins in similar montane environments.
山区集水区面临着严重的侵蚀过程，但沉积物的运输很少被测量。需要独立的方法来评估产沙量，而不依赖于长期的测量数据。我们应用了三种方法来估算北高加索地区1.84 km2山地流域的侵蚀速率和产沙量。这包括：1)湖泊沉积速率的原位测量；2)基于地貌过程空间分布、速率和泥沙连通性的侵蚀速率评估；3) RUSLE模型在年平均土壤流失量预测中的应用。基于湖泊沉积速率，平均年面积产沙量为513 t km−2 yr−1。侵蚀过程的空间分布和速率表明，地表侵蚀约占总输沙量的83%，短暂河流约占7%，落石约占6%。其余的贡献来自土壤蠕变和季节性固结。RUSLE模型与形态泥沙输送比相结合，得出了相似的年平均泥沙产出量，但比前者低16%。这表明该经验模型在类似山地环境的未测量盆地中具有潜在的应用价值。
{"title":"Sediment yield assessment of a small ungauged montane catchment in the North Caucasus","authors":"Anatoly Tsyplenkov , Maksim Uspenskii , Sergey Kharchenko , Simon Scheper , Valentin Golosov","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mountain catchments face severe erosion processes, yet sediment transport is rarely measured. Independent methods are needed to assess sediment yield without relying on long-term gauging data. We applied three methods to estimate erosion rates and sediment yield from a 1.84 km<sup>2</sup> montane catchment located in the North Caucasus. These were: 1) in-situ measurement of the lake sedimentation rate; 2) assessment of erosion rates based on the spatial distribution of geomorphic processes, their rates, and sediment connectivity; and 3) adaptation of the RUSLE model for predicting mean annual soil loss. Based on lake sedimentation rates, the mean annual area-specific sediment yield was 513 t km<sup>−2</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>. The spatial distribution and rates of erosion processes indicated that surficial erosion accounts for approximately 83 % of total sediment export, ephemeral streams for 7 %, and rockfalls for 6 %. The remaining contribution comes from soil creep and seasonal solifluction. The RUSLE model, coupled with the morphometric sediment delivery ratio, produced similar, yet 16 % lower, estimates of mean annual sediment yield. This suggests the potential application of this empirical model for ungauged basins in similar montane environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 110156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-04DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110153
Julie Billy , Vivien Baudouin , Gildas Noury , Manuel Garcin
Beneath dune fields, the subsurface geology of sandy coastal systems can provide valuable insights for understanding coastal environment. While sandy coasts are often described and monitored through surface geomorphology, their internal structure and geotechnical properties remain poorly documented. To address this limitation, a combined ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and cone penetration testing (CPT) approach was applied along the Pays-de-Monts coast (Atlantic France). This multidisciplinary methodology yields complementary information on the internal architecture, stratigraphic variability, and soil behavior of coastal deposits.
Two sectors were investigated, both characterized by dune fields underlain by fractured limestone and bordered inland by low-lying marshes. Despite their apparent similarities, the sites reveal distinct features. Results provide new insights into (i) the sedimentary units anchoring the sandy coastline, (ii) the connection with adjacent marshes and low-lying environments, (iii) the relationships between dune systems and underlying deposits, and (iv) soil behavior properties linked to depositional environment or dune types themself.
From these findings, two conceptual models are proposed: (1) a prograding sandy coastline with an inland marshward transition overlain by dune field (La Parée Grollier, northern sector), and (2) a channel-fill and spit development sequence overlain by dunes (La Pège-Les 60 Bornes, southern sector). These results demonstrate the value of integrating geophysical and geotechnical methods to improve understanding of coastal geosystems and enabling the identification of site-specific characteristics. More broadly, this study demonstrates and discusses the benefits of integrating GPR-CPT approach for advancing coastal geology and highlights the relevance of local geological models for management and adaptation strategies under climate change.
在沙丘场之下，砂质海岸系统的地下地质可以为理解海岸环境提供有价值的见解。虽然沙质海岸通常是通过地表地貌学来描述和监测的，但它们的内部结构和岩土力学特性仍然缺乏文献记录。为了解决这一问题，在Pays-de-Monts海岸（法国大西洋地区）采用了探地雷达（GPR）和锥形穿透测试（CPT）相结合的方法。这种多学科的方法产生了关于海岸沉积物的内部结构、地层变异性和土壤行为的补充信息。研究人员对两个区域进行了调查，它们的特点都是沙丘区，下面是破碎的石灰岩，内陆与低洼的沼泽接壤。尽管它们有明显的相似之处，但它们的特点却截然不同。研究结果为以下方面提供了新的见解：(i)锚定砂质海岸线的沉积单元，（ii）与邻近沼泽和低洼环境的联系，（iii）沙丘系统与下伏沉积物之间的关系，以及（iv）与沉积环境或沙丘类型本身相关的土壤行为特性。在此基础上，本文提出了两个概念模型：(1)北部La par e Grollier段沙质海岸线的内陆向沼泽过渡，覆盖在沙丘上；(2)南部La p - les 60 Bornes段，覆盖在沙丘上的河道填沙和沙咀发育序列。这些结果表明，将地球物理和岩土工程方法结合起来，可以提高对沿海地质系统的理解，并能够识别特定地点的特征。更广泛地说，本研究展示并讨论了整合GPR-CPT方法对推进沿海地质学的好处，并强调了气候变化下当地地质模型对管理和适应战略的相关性。
{"title":"Subsurface variability of sandy coastal geosystems revealed by integrated georadar and cone penetrating testing approach: Insights from the Pays-de-Monts coast (Atlantic France)","authors":"Julie Billy , Vivien Baudouin , Gildas Noury , Manuel Garcin","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beneath dune fields, the subsurface geology of sandy coastal systems can provide valuable insights for understanding coastal environment. While sandy coasts are often described and monitored through surface geomorphology, their internal structure and geotechnical properties remain poorly documented. To address this limitation, a combined ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and cone penetration testing (CPT) approach was applied along the Pays-de-Monts coast (Atlantic France). This multidisciplinary methodology yields complementary information on the internal architecture, stratigraphic variability, and soil behavior of coastal deposits.</div><div>Two sectors were investigated, both characterized by dune fields underlain by fractured limestone and bordered inland by low-lying marshes. Despite their apparent similarities, the sites reveal distinct features. Results provide new insights into (i) the sedimentary units anchoring the sandy coastline, (ii) the connection with adjacent marshes and low-lying environments, (iii) the relationships between dune systems and underlying deposits, and (iv) soil behavior properties linked to depositional environment or dune types themself.</div><div>From these findings, two conceptual models are proposed: (1) a prograding sandy coastline with an inland marshward transition overlain by dune field (La Parée Grollier, northern sector), and (2) a channel-fill and spit development sequence overlain by dunes (La Pège-Les 60 Bornes, southern sector). These results demonstrate the value of integrating geophysical and geotechnical methods to improve understanding of coastal geosystems and enabling the identification of site-specific characteristics. More broadly, this study demonstrates and discusses the benefits of integrating GPR-CPT approach for advancing coastal geology and highlights the relevance of local geological models for management and adaptation strategies under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 110153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110152
Zhiyi Feng , Chunhong Hu , Anjun Deng , Chenge An , Maohua Le , Ruiru Lv
Sand–gravel riverbeds downstream of hydraulic projects frequently undergo significant bed armoring. Accurately predicting the grain-size distribution of the armored layer remains a critical yet complex challenge within the field of fluvial dynamics. This study focuses on the response mechanism that connects the progressive reduction in fine sediment content with the evolution of hiding–exposure effects, the consequent alterations in sediment state transition probability, and the subsequent adjustment of the armoring rate during the process of riverbed armoring. An expression for sediment entrainment probability is derived under dynamically varying conditions, which include armoring intensity and the hiding–exposure effects of non-uniform sediments. A three-state exchange mechanism among suspended load, bed load, and bed surface material is integrated into the armoring calculation process. A sediment mass conservation relation under depositional conditions is also formulated, leading to the proposal of a novel stability criterion for bed armoring. Building on these advancements, a predictive method for determining the grain-size distribution of armored layers is developed, explicitly considering sediment exchange processes. Application of this method to the downstream reaches of the Danjiangkou and Three Gorges Reservoirs in China reveals that the predicted grain-size distribution of the armored layer deviates from field measurements by only 2.9 % on average, and from flume experiments by 4.1 %. The findings indicate that the proposed method effectively replicates gradation trends, grain-size distributions of armor layer, and scour depths under clear-water conditions. Furthermore, within the research framework of multi-stage armoring, characterized by the cyclic “formation–destruction–reformation” of armor layers, the method demonstrates considerable potential for applicability.
{"title":"Decoding bed armoring: A predictive method for grain size distribution in sand–gravel bed rivers","authors":"Zhiyi Feng , Chunhong Hu , Anjun Deng , Chenge An , Maohua Le , Ruiru Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sand–gravel riverbeds downstream of hydraulic projects frequently undergo significant bed armoring. Accurately predicting the grain-size distribution of the armored layer remains a critical yet complex challenge within the field of fluvial dynamics. This study focuses on the response mechanism that connects the progressive reduction in fine sediment content with the evolution of hiding–exposure effects, the consequent alterations in sediment state transition probability, and the subsequent adjustment of the armoring rate during the process of riverbed armoring. An expression for sediment entrainment probability is derived under dynamically varying conditions, which include armoring intensity and the hiding–exposure effects of non-uniform sediments. A three-state exchange mechanism among suspended load, bed load, and bed surface material is integrated into the armoring calculation process. A sediment mass conservation relation under depositional conditions is also formulated, leading to the proposal of a novel stability criterion for bed armoring. Building on these advancements, a predictive method for determining the grain-size distribution of armored layers is developed, explicitly considering sediment exchange processes. Application of this method to the downstream reaches of the Danjiangkou and Three Gorges Reservoirs in China reveals that the predicted grain-size distribution of the armored layer deviates from field measurements by only 2.9 % on average, and from flume experiments by 4.1 %. The findings indicate that the proposed method effectively replicates gradation trends, grain-size distributions of armor layer, and scour depths under clear-water conditions. Furthermore, within the research framework of multi-stage armoring, characterized by the cyclic “formation–destruction–reformation” of armor layers, the method demonstrates considerable potential for applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 110152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110146
Ziming Zheng , Tingting Yan , Weijun Zhao , Wei Qin , Chunyang Huang , Yi Wang , Zhen Li
Gully erosion, as a typical form of hydraulic erosion, is a major driver of soil degradation on sloping farmland and poses a serious threat to agricultural production and food security. Accurate and automated identification of gully erosion susceptibility (GES) therefore remains an urgent challenge. In regions with a soil-rock dual structure, soils are thin, heterogeneous, and weakly developed, and gully erosion is highly prevalent. Thus, it is essential to incorporate underlying-surface factors such as rock fragment content and soil thickness into susceptibility assessment. With the Yimeng Mountain area of northern China as a case study, five modelling approaches were developed including machine learning (Random Forest, RF and eXtreme Gradient Boosting, XGBoost), multivariate regression (Logistic Regression, LR), and deep learning (Transformer and Convolutional Neural Network, CNN). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was applied for model interpretability. The results showed that: (1) The RF model achieved the highest prediction accuracy (ACC = 0.9534, AUC = 0.9809), outperforming LR, XGBoost, CNN, and Transformer. (2) In the susceptibility map produced by integrating RF, XGBoost, and LR, high and very high susceptibility zones account for 47 % of the study area. (3) 15 influencing factors contribute to gully erosion, among which topographic wetness index (TWI), slope, and distance to rivers are the most significant drivers. Areas with high wetness (TWI > 8–10), gentle slopes (10–15°), and proximity to rivers (<2000 m) exhibit a high likelihood of gully initiation and development. Under deep soil conditions, the combination of high TWI and short distances to rivers strongly promotes gully erosion, whereas higher rock fragment content on steep slopes helps to inhibit it. By automatically generating gully erosion susceptibility maps (GESMs), this study effectively identifies high-risk zones for gully initiation and expansion, providing robust scientific support for gully erosion control, farmland protection, land-use management, and sustainable agricultural development.
{"title":"Gully erosion susceptibility assessment and SHAP interpretability analysis in sloping farmland of soil-rock dual structure area: A case study of Yimeng Mountain area, China","authors":"Ziming Zheng , Tingting Yan , Weijun Zhao , Wei Qin , Chunyang Huang , Yi Wang , Zhen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gully erosion, as a typical form of hydraulic erosion, is a major driver of soil degradation on sloping farmland and poses a serious threat to agricultural production and food security. Accurate and automated identification of gully erosion susceptibility (GES) therefore remains an urgent challenge. In regions with a soil-rock dual structure, soils are thin, heterogeneous, and weakly developed, and gully erosion is highly prevalent. Thus, it is essential to incorporate underlying-surface factors such as rock fragment content and soil thickness into susceptibility assessment. With the Yimeng Mountain area of northern China as a case study, five modelling approaches were developed including machine learning (Random Forest, RF and eXtreme Gradient Boosting, XGBoost), multivariate regression (Logistic Regression, LR), and deep learning (Transformer and Convolutional Neural Network, CNN). SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was applied for model interpretability. The results showed that: (1) The RF model achieved the highest prediction accuracy (ACC = 0.9534, AUC = 0.9809), outperforming LR, XGBoost, CNN, and Transformer. (2) In the susceptibility map produced by integrating RF, XGBoost, and LR, high and very high susceptibility zones account for 47 % of the study area. (3) 15 influencing factors contribute to gully erosion, among which topographic wetness index (TWI), slope, and distance to rivers are the most significant drivers. Areas with high wetness (TWI > 8–10), gentle slopes (10–15°), and proximity to rivers (<2000 m) exhibit a high likelihood of gully initiation and development. Under deep soil conditions, the combination of high TWI and short distances to rivers strongly promotes gully erosion, whereas higher rock fragment content on steep slopes helps to inhibit it. By automatically generating gully erosion susceptibility maps (GESMs), this study effectively identifies high-risk zones for gully initiation and expansion, providing robust scientific support for gully erosion control, farmland protection, land-use management, and sustainable agricultural development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 110146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110150
Cheng Wei , Sameh A. Kantoush , Binh Quang Nguyen , Sohei Kobayashi , Jia Qi Lin , Tetsuya Sumi
Quantifying the geomorphic effectiveness of sediment replenishment (SR) in restoring riverine sediment continuity remains challenging under variable flow regimes in dam-regulated systems. This study investigates downstream sediment dynamics in the Naka River, Japan, by integrating threshold-based flood frequency analysis (Peak-Over-Threshold, POT), sediment grain size measurements for tracking the sediment source from the SR site, and multitemporal geomorphic change detection (GCD) between 2010 and 2015. An optimal discharge threshold of 357.55 m3/s was identified to delineate geomorphically significant flows, including the extreme 2014 event (5411 m3/s; 134-year return period), which drove substantial geomorphic change. Difference of Digital Elevation Models (DoD) of the bathymetric channel (period 2010–2011, 2011–2012, …, 2014–2015, and 2010–2015) revealed incision at the SR site (up to −0.89 m) and downstream aggradation (up to +0.65 m) in the meandering mid-reach (7–14 km), evidencing sediment dispersal from the replenishment site. Sediment budgets indicated peak gross erosion (27.98 Mm3) during 2013–2014, followed by stabilization. Cross-sectional analyses confirmed outer-bend erosion and inner-bend deposition, reflecting natural meander dynamics, while episodic reappearance of coarse grains in 2013 and 2017 suggested localized re-exposure or flood-driven remobilization. Sediment transport and deposition were strongly influenced by local channel curvature and typhoon-induced flows, with limited morphological change beyond 14 km due to Kawaguchi Dam backwater effects. This integrated POT–GCD approach effectively identifies geomorphically significant floods and quantifies their spatial influence, demonstrating that SR enhances downstream sediment delivery and channel adjustment, emphasizing the role of hydrology and sediment connectivity in restoring riverine sediment budgets.
{"title":"Evaluating long-term geomorphic responses and sediment budget impacts of threshold-based floods and sediment replenishment in the Naka River, Japan","authors":"Cheng Wei , Sameh A. Kantoush , Binh Quang Nguyen , Sohei Kobayashi , Jia Qi Lin , Tetsuya Sumi","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying the geomorphic effectiveness of sediment replenishment (SR) in restoring riverine sediment continuity remains challenging under variable flow regimes in dam-regulated systems. This study investigates downstream sediment dynamics in the Naka River, Japan, by integrating threshold-based flood frequency analysis (Peak-Over-Threshold, POT), sediment grain size measurements for tracking the sediment source from the SR site, and multitemporal geomorphic change detection (GCD) between 2010 and 2015. An optimal discharge threshold of 357.55 m<sup>3</sup>/s was identified to delineate geomorphically significant flows, including the extreme 2014 event (5411 m<sup>3</sup>/s; 134-year return period), which drove substantial geomorphic change. Difference of Digital Elevation Models (DoD) of the bathymetric channel (period 2010–2011, 2011–2012, …, 2014–2015, and 2010–2015) revealed incision at the SR site (up to −0.89 m) and downstream aggradation (up to +0.65 m) in the meandering mid-reach (7–14 km), evidencing sediment dispersal from the replenishment site. Sediment budgets indicated peak gross erosion (27.98 Mm<sup>3</sup>) during 2013–2014, followed by stabilization. Cross-sectional analyses confirmed outer-bend erosion and inner-bend deposition, reflecting natural meander dynamics, while episodic reappearance of coarse grains in 2013 and 2017 suggested localized re-exposure or flood-driven remobilization. Sediment transport and deposition were strongly influenced by local channel curvature and typhoon-induced flows, with limited morphological change beyond 14 km due to Kawaguchi Dam backwater effects. This integrated POT–GCD approach effectively identifies geomorphically significant floods and quantifies their spatial influence, demonstrating that SR enhances downstream sediment delivery and channel adjustment, emphasizing the role of hydrology and sediment connectivity in restoring riverine sediment budgets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55115,"journal":{"name":"Geomorphology","volume":"496 ","pages":"Article 110150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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