Geomorphology最新文献_第3页

Early-onset of rapid deposition rates of the Mangshan loess challenges the classical hypothesis of full Yellow River connection during the late Pleistocene 芒山黄土早发的快速沉积速率挑战了黄河在晚更新世完全贯通的经典假说

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110149

Yingyong Chen , Xiaodong Miao

Understanding the origin and evolution of the Yellow River is not only crucial for understanding the geomorphic and climatic history, but also pivotal due to its historical significance and ecological impact on China's environment. However, the timing of the full connection of the Yellow River, as a critical event in the genesis of this major river system, is still debated continuously. Among various competing hypotheses, the abrupt increase of deposition rates following paleosol 2 (S2 of Chinese loess sequence, starting at about 0.245 Ma at the late Pleistocene) of the Mangshan loess was considered as major evidence of the late Pleistocene hypothesis, which attributes this increase to a sudden connection of the Yellow River. Here we scrutinized the stratigraphy of the Mangshan loess and identified abrupt increase of deposition rates occurring significantly earlier (at layers L11, S10, S9, L8, L7, L3) than S2, undermining the late Pleistocene hypothesis of the Yellow River genesis in the perspective of time. Moreover, we attribute the abrupt deposition rates to episodic gully erosion of the Loess Plateau, a mechanism distinct from the late Pleistocene full-river connection hypothesis. Therefore, the hypothesis that the Yellow River fully connected during the late Pleistocene is mechanistically unsupported, suggesting this connection likely occurred much earlier than 0.245 Ma.

了解黄河的起源和演变不仅对了解地貌和气候历史至关重要，而且由于其历史意义和对中国环境的生态影响而至关重要。然而，作为这一主要水系形成过程中的一个关键事件，黄河完全贯通的时间仍然存在争议。在各种相互竞争的假说中，从晚更新世约0.245 Ma开始的古土壤2（中国黄土序列S2）沉积速率的突然增加被认为是晚更新世假说的主要证据，该假说将这种增加归因于黄河的突然连接。通过对芒山黄土地层的研究，发现其沉积速率的急剧增加（L11、S10、S9、L8、L7、L3层）明显早于S2层，从时间上破坏了黄河成因的晚更新世假说。此外，我们将突变沉积速率归因于黄土高原的幕式沟蚀，这一机制与晚更新世全河连接假说不同。因此，黄河在晚更新世完全连通的假设在力学上是不支持的，表明这种连接可能发生在0.245 Ma之前。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of large dams on the hydrological and sediment transport regime in the monsoon-dominated Krishna River Basin in India 大型水坝对印度季风主导的克里希纳河流域水文和泥沙运输制度的影响

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110141

Shantamoy Guha

Large dams significantly alter natural hydrological and sediment transport regimes, particularly in monsoon-dominated basins. This study investigates the effect of three large dams in the monsoon-dominated Krishna River Basin using multi-decadal flow and suspended sediment concentration data from respective downstream gauging stations, divided into pre-dam and post-dam periods. Indicators of hydrological alteration, flow and sediment duration curve (FDC), sediment rating curve, hysteresis loop (HL), and cross-wavelet transform (XWT) analyses were utlized to assess dam-induced impacts. Sediment rating curve and HL analyses were conducted for both monthly averages and events exceeding 5-year return period flood. Results reveal monthly monsoonal flow and sediment load reductions of ∼27–63 % and ∼27–98 %, respectively, during post-dam period. Contrary, several non-monsoon months exhibit up to 2 orders of magnitude increase, reflecting artificial water releases for irrigation and hydropower generation. A consistent decline of annual maximum flow and variable responses for annual minimum flow and both annual maximum and minimum sediment load were observed during post-dam time. Comparison of post-dam FDCs relative to pre-dam FDCs exhibits a reduction of high-flow events and sustenance of low-flow events. Two out of three stations show increased coefficients and decreased exponents in monthly sediment rating curves, implying increased sediment availability at lower discharge but lesser transport efficiency. However, monthly HLs and high-flow HL and rating relationships remain largely unaffected. Finally, XWT analysis demonstrates strong pre-dam coherence (0.25–1-year periodicities) between flow and sediment, which weakens post-impoundment, indicating decoupling between flow and sediment. Collectively, these findings reveal that the dam-induced regulation suppresses natural variability, significantly altering the hydrological and sediment transport regime.

大型水坝极大地改变了自然水文和沉积物运输制度，特别是在季风主导的盆地。本研究利用来自各自下游测量站的多年代际流量和悬沙浓度数据，研究了季风主导的克里希纳河流域三座大型水坝的影响，并将其分为大坝建成前和大坝建成后两个时期。利用水文变化指标、流沙持续时间曲线（FDC）、泥沙等级曲线、滞回线（HL）和交叉小波变换（XWT）分析来评估大坝的影响。对月平均和超过5年汛期的事件进行了泥沙等级曲线和HL分析。结果显示，在大坝后期，月季风流量和泥沙负荷分别减少了~ 27 - 63%和~ 27 - 98%。相反，几个非季风月份的降雨量增加了2个数量级，这反映了灌溉和水力发电的人工放水。在坝后时期，年最大流量持续下降，年最小流量和年最大、最小输沙量均有不同的响应。与坝前fdc相比，坝后fdc减少了高流量事件，维持了低流量事件。3个站点中有2个站点的月输沙率曲线系数增大，指数减小，表明在低流量条件下输沙率增加，但输沙效率降低。然而，月活率和高流量活率与评分关系基本未受影响。最后，XWT分析显示，坝前水沙关联性较强（0.25 - 1年周期性），蓄水后减弱，表明水沙关联性不强。总的来说，这些发现揭示了大坝诱导的调节抑制了自然变率，显著改变了水文和泥沙运输制度。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial heterogeneity of gully erosion and its dominants in multiple spatial scales in the Rolling Hilly Region of Northeastern China 东北起伏丘陵区多空间尺度沟壑侵蚀空间异质性及其优势

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110147

Xin Liu , Dichen Wang , Yulan Chen , Dan Li

Gully erosion is a common global degradation process with high spatial heterogeneity, because its influencing factors vary greatly in different spatial scales. However, the analyses of gully erosion and its influencing factors at different scales are lacking. Given this, gully interpretation was conducted in 5005 grids (1 km × 1 km) sampled from an area of 17.75 × 10⁴ km² by the stratified random sampling method to obtain gully area density in grids, geomorphic zone, and whole region scales in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China. Climate, topography, land cover, and human activity factors, including 18 potential parameters, were selected to explore the causes of spatial differentiation in gully erosion by using interpretable machine learning models. The research results indicated that the correlation coefficient and Nash's efficiency coefficient from the interpretable machine learning models are greater than 0.77 in all zones, and their simulation accuracy is satisfactory. Regionally, the annual average temperature significantly drove the spatial differentiation in gullies, increasing it above 3 °C and inhibiting it below this threshold. The dominant factors for plains, platforms, hills, and mountains were snow cover days, annual average temperatures, annual average temperatures, and annual minimum temperatures, respectively. At the grid scale, the annual average temperatures and annual maximum temperatures were identified as dominant drivers of gully densities in 23.31 % and 22.42 % of the study area, respectively. The main controlling factors had a significant spatial scale effect on gully erosion, suggesting that prevention and control measures based on the dominant factors at multiple scales should be implemented to decelerate gully erosion, protecting the ecology and land resources.

沟蚀是一种常见的全球性退化过程，其影响因素在不同空间尺度上存在较大差异，具有高度的空间异质性。然而，对不同尺度的沟蚀及其影响因素的分析缺乏。基于此，采用分层随机抽样的方法，在17.75 × 104 km2的区域内采样5005个栅格（1 km × 1 km）进行沟谷解译，获得了东北黑土区栅格、地貌带和全区域尺度上的沟谷面积密度。采用可解释的机器学习模型，选取气候、地形、土地覆盖和人类活动因子（包括18个潜在参数），探讨沟壑区侵蚀空间分异的原因。研究结果表明，各区域可解释机器学习模型的相关系数和Nash效率系数均大于0.77，模拟精度较好。从区域上看，年平均气温对沟壑区空间分异有显著的驱动作用，在3℃以上增加了沟壑区空间分异，在3℃以下抑制了沟壑区空间分异。平原、台地、丘陵和山地的主导因子分别是积雪日数、年平均气温、年平均气温和年最低气温。在栅格尺度上，年平均气温和年最高气温分别在23.31%和22.42%的研究区对沟谷密度起主导驱动作用。主要控制因素对沟蚀具有显著的空间尺度效应，建议在多尺度上实施基于主导因素的防治措施，以减缓沟蚀，保护生态和土地资源。

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引用次数: 0

Sand flux patterns derived from static morphology and migration behavior of barchan dunes in the Taklamakan Desert 塔克拉玛干沙漠barchan沙丘静态形态与迁移行为的沙通量模式

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110145

Yuan Wang, Peng Liang, Xiaoping Yang, Jiwei Wu, Tinglin Ru, Zihan Wu

Large-scale atmospheric circulations inferred from manually labeled dunes may be biased due to limitations in data quantity and regional representativeness. This study developed a post-processing workflow based on the adjacent dune similarity and applied it to mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN), extracting morphological metrics for 206,972 barchans (5113 with dynamics) in the Taklamakan Desert. Our results show that dune-derived near-surface wind circulations generally align with reanalysis data but exhibit significant deviations near mountain ranges due to topographic effects. Compared to static dune morphologies, multi-temporal analysis of dune migration provides a more reliable reference for identifying dominant sand-transporting winds by minimizing the effects of local wind variability, thus serving as a robust indicator for reconstructing long-term wind regimes. Dune dynamic patterns in the desert interior regions are more complex compared to those in the marginal areas. When using interior dunes to predict local circulation, it is essential to account for the influences of local topography and dune morphology variations. After correcting for the dune-size effect, the sand flux estimated from our dune celerity dataset demonstrates comparable magnitude and spatial distribution to reanalysis predictions. Notably, in areas with high barchan density, dune-based sand flux estimation reveals fine-scale variations in aeolian sediment transport.

由于数据量和区域代表性的限制，人工标记沙丘推断的大尺度大气环流可能存在偏差。本研究开发了基于相邻沙丘相似性的后处理工作流，并将其应用于基于掩膜区域的卷积神经网络（mask R-CNN），提取了塔克拉玛干沙漠206,972个沙丘（5113个带有动态特征）的形态特征。我们的研究结果表明，沙丘衍生的近地面风环流与再分析数据基本一致，但由于地形影响，在山脉附近表现出明显的偏差。与静态沙丘形态相比，沙丘迁移的多时相分析可以通过最大限度地减少局部风变率的影响，为识别主要输沙风提供更可靠的参考，从而作为重建长期风况的可靠指标。与边缘区相比，沙漠内陆区的沙丘动态格局更为复杂。在利用内部沙丘预测局地环流时，必须考虑局地地形和沙丘形态变化的影响。在对沙丘大小效应进行校正后，我们的沙丘速度数据集估计的沙通量与再分析预测的大小和空间分布相当。值得注意的是，在高barchan密度地区，基于沙丘的沙通量估算揭示了风沙输运的精细尺度变化。

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引用次数: 0

Tectonics-induced drainage-divide migration at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau 青藏高原北缘构造引起的流域分异迁移

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110143

Xun Zeng , Xibin Tan , Chao Zhou , Feng Shi

The northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (NMTP) has endured intensified tectonic deformation and topography evolution in the Cenozoic, mainly controlled by the sinistral strike-slip Altyn Tagh Fault. However, how the modern drainage morphology in this region evolves, which may contain important information about the tectonics and climate, remain unclear. Here we reveal the stability of the main drainage divide at the NMTP, using methods of χ plot and Gilbert metrics. We find the segments of the drainage divide close to the plateau margin generally move south, the segments those extend into the plateau (in the western part) are roughly in a steady state, and some segments around restraining bend along the Altyn Tagh fault are migrating northward. We further use numerical modeling to reveal the uplift of the plateau and the associated drainage evolution. The results suggest the southward migration of the main drainage divide at the NMTP is a topographic response to the tectonic uplift of the plateau related to the Tarim Basin. The difference in drainage-divide stability along the NMTP indicates the western part has a longer uplift history than the eastern part. The northward-migrating drainage-divide segments are driven by the differential uplift at the restraining bends along the strike-slip Altyn Tagh Fault. This study reveals that tectonics are main controlling factor of the drainage-divide migration at the NMTP.

青藏高原北缘新生代受阿尔金塔格左旋走滑断裂控制，构造变形和地形演化加剧。然而，该地区现代水系形态的演化过程仍不清楚，这可能包含有关构造和气候的重要信息。在这里，我们利用χ图和吉尔伯特度量的方法揭示了NMTP主要排水分界的稳定性。研究发现，靠近高原边缘的水系段总体上向南移动，向高原延伸（西部）的水系段基本处于稳定状态，阿尔金塔格断裂带约束弯曲附近的水系段有向北移动的趋势。我们进一步利用数值模拟来揭示高原的隆升和相关的流域演化。研究结果表明，NMTP主分水岭的南移是塔里木盆地相关高原构造隆升的地形响应。沿NMTP的分水稳定性差异表明，西部的隆升历史要比东部长。沿走滑阿尔金断裂带约束弯曲处的差异隆升驱动了向北迁移的水系段。研究表明，构造作用是NMTP流域分界运移的主要控制因素。

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引用次数: 0

Reduced channel migration rates in a braided reach owing to upstream damming 由于上游筑坝减少了辫状河段的河道迁移速率

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110142

Yifei Cheng , Junqiang Xia , Meirong Zhou , Shanshan Deng , Xixi Lu

Braided reaches are the most unstable channel type, prone to rapid and frequent migration. The construction of upstream dams significantly alters the downstream flow–sediment regime, leading to substantial variations in channel migration rates, which poses critical challenges for river management and training works. This study examines the braided reach of the Lower Yellow River, which exhibits intense channel adjustments and diverse migration patterns, serving as an ideal site to evaluate decadal-scale changes in thalweg and centerline migration rates. Based on long-term remote sensing imagery and cross-sectional profile measurements, results indicate that (i) a significant spatial and temporal reduction in channel migration rates has occurred. The average rate of thalweg migration in the braided reach reduced from 229 m/a during the pre-dam stage to 166 m/a during the post-dam stage, accompanied with the rate of centerline migration reducing from 122 to 76 m/a. The middle sub-reach was always the most active in the braided reach, but the spatial difference of channel migration rate reduced by around 20 % during the post-dam stage; (ii) the thalweg migration rate generally exceeded or equaled the centerline migration rate, but the discrepancy between these two types spatially varied. The smallest difference was observed in the upper sub-reach, and the largest in the middle sub-reach; and (iii) a reduction in channel migration rate was reconciled with the significant decrease in incoming sediment coefficient and the increase in bankfull depth caused by upstream damming, with the incoming sediment coefficient identified as the dominant controlling factor.

辫状河段是最不稳定的河道类型，易于快速和频繁的迁移。上游水坝的建设极大地改变了下游的流沙状态，导致河道迁移速率的实质性变化，这对河流管理和治理工程提出了严峻的挑战。本研究考察了黄河下游辫状河段，该河段表现出强烈的河道调整和多样化的迁移模式，可作为评估thalweg和中心线迁移率年代际变化的理想地点。基于长期遥感影像和断面剖面测量的结果表明：(1)河道迁移速率在时空上显著降低。辫状河段平均沙重迁移速率由坝前阶段的229 m/a降至坝后阶段的166 m/a，中心线迁移速率由122 m/a降至76 m/a。辫状河段中段始终是最活跃的河段，但在坝后阶段，河道迁移速率的空间差异减小了20%左右；②海重迁移速率总体上大于或等于中心线迁移速率，但两者之间的差异存在空间差异。上游差异最小，中游差异最大；(3)河道迁移速率的减小与上游筑坝引起的入沙系数的显著减小和岸深的增加相一致，入沙系数是主要的控制因素。

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引用次数: 0

What is the maximum elevation mountains can reach on Earth, the Moon, and Mars? 地球、月球和火星上山脉的最高海拔是多少？

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110144

Eulogio Pardo-Igúzquiza , Peter Dowd

The purpose of this paper is to compare the maximum theoretical and actual height of mountains on the Earth, Moon and Mars. This comparison requires a new definition of a mountain in which the reference to a global vertical datum is replaced by a local datum that is used for each topographic positive relief. Submarine topographies on Earth are also included as mountains. Although the Moon is the most likely to have the tallest mountains it has not had the effective geological processes required for mountain building. On Mars there is a high similarity between the maximum theoretical height and the heights of its giant volcanoes. On Earth, the geological factors of isostasy, fluvial and glacial erosion prevent mountains reaching their maximum theoretical height. On the Moon the highest mountains have been built by impact tectonics, whereas on Earth and Mars volcanism is the most efficient way of building a single mountain.

本文的目的是比较地球、月球和火星上山脉的最大理论高度和实际高度。这种比较需要对山进行新的定义，其中对全球垂直基准面的参考被用于每个地形正起伏的当地基准面所取代。地球上的海底地形也包括在山脉中。尽管月球最有可能拥有最高的山脉，但它还没有形成造山所需的有效地质过程。在火星上，最大理论高度和巨大火山的高度非常相似。在地球上，地壳均衡、河流和冰川侵蚀等地质因素阻碍了山脉达到最大理论高度。在月球上，最高的山脉是由撞击构造形成的，而在地球和火星上，火山作用是形成一座山的最有效方式。

引用次数: 0

From shock to maturation: Tracing dam-impacted Jingjiang River morphodynamic adaptation using a four-stage neural SDE framework 从冲击到成熟：基于四阶段神经SDE框架的靖江大坝影响下的形态动力学适应

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110138

Xiaolong Song , Hai Huang , Lei Zhang , Jianzhao Guan

In the Anthropocene, large dam construction represents one of the most profound interventions in river morphodynamics, triggering non-linear responses in hydraulic geometry that challenge traditional stationarity-based modeling approaches. This study develops a neural stochastic differential equation (SDE) framework to trace the complete morphodynamic adaptation trajectory of monthly flood season (May–October) reach-scale variables—inflow discharge (Q), reach-averaged channel width (B), depth (H), and slope (J)—in the Jingjiang reach following Three Gorges Dam operation, from initial systemic shock through progressive maturation to a new dynamic equilibrium. The framework employs a log-space ‘physical base + stochastic residual’ paradigm for morphodynamic modeling, integrated with Chronos-T5 large language models for annual driver forecasting and a comprehensive three-tier evaluation system, enabling robust analysis of non-stationary morphodynamic evolution under deep uncertainty. Using a four-stage workflow that calibrates on the post-dam ‘new normal’, retrospectively diagnoses the pre-stabilization transition, validates out-of-sample performance, and explores future scenarios, we reveal quantitative evidence of morphodynamic system maturation. Back-casting over the transitional period (2000–2008) yields coverage as low as 59.3 % (vs. 95 %), quantifying transient dam impacts; comparing a short post-dam training set (2009–2016) with an extended set (2009–2022) shows the annual-driver model shifting from variability-driven indicators to rejecting slow climatic trends as confounding noise. Future projections under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP245 and SSP585) scenarios unveil divergent morphological adaptation pathways with distinct statistical signatures—SSP245 exhibits sustained incremental adjustment (channel width Mann-Kendall trend strength τ = 0.7298) versus SSP585's shock-adaptation response (τ = 0.7747)—while Dynamic Mode Decomposition indicates identical growth rates for discharge and channel width (0.0014 and 0.0003, respectively) with slight scenario differences for depth and slope, and Convergent Cross Mapping demonstrates enhanced causal coupling under extreme forcing (causal correlation coefficient ρ = 0.986 vs. 0.993). These findings fundamentally advance our understanding of dam-impacted river morphodynamic systems and provide a transferable methodological blueprint for analyzing complex morphodynamic processes undergoing regime transitions in human-dominated landscapes.

在人类世，大型水坝建设代表了对河流形态动力学最深刻的干预之一，引发了水力几何的非线性响应，挑战了传统的基于平稳性的建模方法。本研究建立了一个神经随机微分方程（SDE）框架，以追踪三峡大坝运行后靖江河段每月汛期（5 - 10月）河段尺度变量——入流流量(Q)、河段平均河道宽度(B)、深度(H)和坡度(J)的完整形态动力学适应轨迹，从初始系统冲击到逐步成熟，再到新的动态平衡。该框架采用对数空间“物理基础+随机残差”范式进行形态动力学建模，并与用于年度驾驶员预测的Chronos-T5大型语言模型和综合三层评估系统相结合，能够对深度不确定性下的非平稳形态动力学演化进行稳健分析。使用一个四阶段的工作流程来校准大坝后的“新常态”，回顾性地诊断稳定前的过渡，验证样本外的性能，并探索未来的情景，我们揭示了形态动力学系统成熟的定量证据。在过渡时期（2000-2008年），反向浇筑的覆盖率低至59.3%（对比95%），量化了大坝的瞬态影响；将大坝后的短期训练集（2009-2016年）与扩展集（2009-2022年）进行比较，可以发现年度驱动模型从变量驱动指标转向拒绝缓慢的气候趋势作为混杂噪声。在共享社会经济路径（SSP245和SSP585）情景下的未来预测揭示了具有不同统计特征的不同形态适应途径- SSP245表现出持续的增量调整（通道宽度Mann-Kendall趋势强度τ = 0.7298）与SSP585的冲击适应响应(τ = 0.7747) -而动态模式分解表明流量和通道宽度的增长率相同（0.0014和0.0003）。在极端强迫下，收敛交叉映射显示因果耦合增强（因果相关系数ρ = 0.986比0.993）。这些发现从根本上促进了我们对水坝影响的河流形态动力学系统的理解，并为分析人类主导景观中发生政权转变的复杂形态动力学过程提供了可转移的方法蓝图。

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引用次数: 0

High-density fold–cleavage structures as a controlling factor of landslides: A case study in the southern Oboke area of the Shikoku Mountains, Japan 高密度褶皱-解理构造作为滑坡的控制因素：以日本四国山小盆南地区为例

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110137

Shintaro Yamasaki

Landslides frequently occur in tectonically deformed mountain areas, where folding and faulting have altered rock mass conditions. Previous research has largely focused on the impacts of large-scale folds on rock mass quality and landslide occurrence; however, even smaller folds (mesoscopic- to microscopic-scale folds, hereafter MMFs) can markedly promote landslides when dense cleavage forms in conjunction with them. To clarify how MMFs and cleavage jointly control landslide distribution and failure, this study employed (1) an inventory of landslides to determine their spatial distribution and movement directions, (2) detailed outcrop surveys along roads and landslide sites to record the geometry of fold axial surfaces and cleavage, and (3) morphological analyses of rupture surfaces and open cracks at sites with recent landslide activity. The results indicate that areas with extensive MMFs experience more frequent landslides, and that open cracks and rupture surfaces can reach greater depths if formed by the combination of steep cleavage parallel or subparallel to the MMF axial surface and schistosity already steepened by folding. Such a crack network creates expanded pathways for rainwater and groundwater, making slopes more susceptible to landslides under repeated water pressure and stress changes during heavy rainfall or seismic shaking. In addition, these two-directional discontinuities arising from folds and cleavage are likely to be important factors in landslide prediction and risk evaluation in low-grade metamorphic mountains worldwide. The study's findings thus provide a reference for slope risk assessment in mountainous regions characterized by high-density folding and cleavage development.

滑坡经常发生在构造变形的山区，那里的褶皱和断裂改变了岩体条件。以往的研究主要集中在大规模褶皱对岩体质量和滑坡发生的影响；然而，即使是较小的褶皱（介观到微观尺度的褶皱，以下简称MMFs），当密集的解理形成时，也能显著促进滑坡。为了阐明mmf和解理如何共同控制滑坡的分布和破坏，本研究采用(1)对滑坡进行清查，以确定其空间分布和运动方向；(2)沿着道路和滑坡地点进行详细的露头调查，记录褶皱轴面和解理的几何形状；(3)对近期滑坡活动地点的破裂面和开放裂缝进行形态学分析。结果表明，MMF分布广泛的地区会发生更频繁的滑坡，如果与MMF轴面平行或次平行的陡峭解理与已经被褶皱变陡的片理相结合，则开放裂缝和破裂面可以达到更大的深度。这样的裂缝网络为雨水和地下水提供了更广阔的通道，使斜坡在暴雨或地震震动期间反复出现的水压和应力变化下更容易发生滑坡。此外，这些由褶皱和解理产生的双向不连续面可能是世界范围内低变质山滑坡预测和风险评价的重要因素。研究结果可为高密度褶皱、解理发育的山区边坡风险评价提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Rockfall susceptibility mapping from topography perspective combing slope units and physical model-based negative sample strategy in the Yangtze Three Gorges 结合边坡单元和基于物理模型的负样本策略的地形视角下长江三峡岩崩敏感性填图

IF 3.1 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL

Geomorphology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.110136

Fangyi Yan , Haijia Wen , Yujie Li , Jiwei Hu , Peng Xie

Rockfalls occurring along the Yangtze River's reservoir banks pose a considerable threat to shipping safety, necessitating extensive spatial identification. Numerical analysis methods are often employed to assess rockfall stability, yet the inherent complexity of rock structures and the uncertainty of related parameters pose significant challenges in providing accurate inputs for numerical simulation models. Fortunately, the advent of high-precision DEM (Digital Elevation Model) models and advancements in artificial intelligence techniques now enable preliminary identification of potential rockfall locations based on topographic factors. In this study, the r.slopeunits method was employed to delineate slope units along the Yangtze River's reservoir banks, while the Scoops3D model was used to screen stable slope units. These stable units, together with known potential rockfall units, formed the dataset for machine learning. Unlike previous susceptibility assessment methods, this study focused on constructing the dataset using seven refined topographic factors, all derived exclusively from DEM data. The LightGBM algorithm was adopted for rockfall susceptibility prediction, with model validation conducted via 5-fold cross-validation and 100 random splits of the training and test sets (at a 7:3 ratio). The results indicated that slope standard deviation had the greatest impact on slope stability, with 87.6 % of rockfalls occurring in extremely high-risk areas. These findings underscore the importance of topographic factors in assessing rockfall susceptibility along the reservoir banks. Furthermore, the model achieves rockfall risk assessment using only DEM data, demonstrating strong generalization capability and providing extensive support for disaster prevention efforts.

长江水库两岸发生的岩崩对航运安全构成了相当大的威胁，需要进行广泛的空间识别。岩崩稳定性评估通常采用数值分析方法，但岩石结构固有的复杂性和相关参数的不确定性给数值模拟模型提供准确的输入带来了重大挑战。幸运的是，高精度DEM（数字高程模型）模型的出现和人工智能技术的进步，现在可以根据地形因素初步确定潜在的落石位置。本文采用r.s ropeunits方法对长江库区岸线边坡单元进行圈定，采用Scoops3D模型对稳定边坡单元进行筛选。这些稳定的单元，连同已知的潜在岩崩单元，形成了机器学习的数据集。与以往的敏感性评估方法不同，该研究侧重于使用七个精细的地形因子构建数据集，这些因子均来自DEM数据。岩崩敏感性预测采用LightGBM算法，模型验证采用5倍交叉验证，训练集和测试集随机分割100次（比例为7:3）。结果表明，边坡标准差对边坡稳定性的影响最大，87.6%的落石发生在极高危地区。这些发现强调了地形因素在水库岸线岩崩易感性评估中的重要性。此外，该模型仅使用DEM数据即可实现岩崩风险评估，具有较强的泛化能力，为防灾工作提供了广泛的支持。

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