Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.002
Íñigo Vitón , María José Comas-Rengifo , Luís V. Duarte , Antonio Goy
This paper examines the uppermost Sinemurian and lowermost Pliensbachian ammonite fauna recorded in NW Iberia with a special focus on Echioceratidae from the Aplanatum Subzone. In total, 852 specimens have been collected bed-by-bed from five reference sections from the Asturian, Basque-Cantabrian, and Lusitanian basins. Echioceratidae, namely Paltechioceras genus, represent 86.2% of the sample, Polymorphitidae (Leptonotoceras genus) the 10%, and less than 4% of the specimens are Eoderoceratidae, Phricodoceratidae, or Oxynoticeratidae. This study describes five species of Paltechioceras, namely P. tardecrescens, P. oosteri, P. recticostatum, P. elicitum, and P. romanicum. They allow a biochronostratigraphic division for the studied basins and its worldwide correlation. One of the species, P. romanicum, is the latest one registered in all the studied sections, occurring directly below the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian boundary. The disappearance of this widely distributed species marks the echioceratids extinction. This work reviews the global events described around the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian transition (the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian boundary event). Finally, we present a palaeobiogeographical analysis of the Paltechioceras species described, giving more information to discuss the opening of the Hispanic Corridor during the late Sinemurian.
{"title":"Biochronostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography of Echioceratidae (Ammonitina) from the Raricostatum Zone (Aplanatum Subzone) in NW Iberia","authors":"Íñigo Vitón , María José Comas-Rengifo , Luís V. Duarte , Antonio Goy","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the uppermost Sinemurian and lowermost Pliensbachian ammonite fauna recorded in NW Iberia with a special focus on Echioceratidae from the Aplanatum Subzone. In total, 852 specimens have been collected bed-by-bed from five reference sections from the Asturian, Basque-Cantabrian, and Lusitanian basins. Echioceratidae, namely <em>Paltechioceras</em> genus, represent 86.2% of the sample, Polymorphitidae (<em>Leptonotoceras</em> genus) the 10%, and less than 4% of the specimens are Eoderoceratidae, Phricodoceratidae, or Oxynoticeratidae. This study describes five species of <em>Paltechioceras</em>, namely <em>P. tardecrescens</em>, <em>P. oosteri</em>, <em>P. recticostatum</em>, <em>P. elicitum</em>, and <em>P. romanicum</em>. They allow a biochronostratigraphic division for the studied basins and its worldwide correlation. One of the species, <em>P. romanicum</em>, is the latest one registered in all the studied sections, occurring directly below the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian boundary. The disappearance of this widely distributed species marks the echioceratids extinction. This work reviews the global events described around the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian transition (the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian boundary event). Finally, we present a palaeobiogeographical analysis of the <em>Paltechioceras</em> species described, giving more information to discuss the opening of the Hispanic Corridor during the late Sinemurian.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"86 ","pages":"Pages 65-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.003
Rodrigo L. Tomassini , Claudia I. Montalvo , José I. Cuitiño , María Susana Bargo , Sergio F. Vizcaíno
The CO tuff is one of the volumetrically largest volcaniclastic events so far recorded in the Early-Middle Miocene Santa Cruz Formation (Patagonian Argentina). It represents aeolian processes, related with westerlies, that reworked and transported enormous quantities of volcanic ash from the Andes into the continental interior that accumulated in fluvial floodplain deposits. This volcanic event generated a major environmental change at ∼17 Ma (Burdigalian) and hostile living conditions for the biota of the area, at least during the time of deposition. We performed here a comprehensive study including taxonomic, sedimentological, and taphonomic aspects of the mammal assemblage recovered from this tuff deposit. The assemblage is constituted by representatives of Microbiotheria, Paucituberculata, Folivora, Cingulata, Rodentia, Notoungulata, and Litopterna, reflecting a wide mammalian diversity. The formation of the assemblage can be linked to a normal attritional model, in which the death of the individuals and subsequent deposition and burial of their remains would have occurred gradually over time, simultaneously with the accumulation of volcanic ash, at the place of death or very close to it. The time between the death and burial would have been relatively short, in accordance with the rapid and continuous influx of volcanic ash to the depositional environment. This multidisciplinary study allows us to interpret and reconstruct the possible taphonomic pathways of the mammal assemblage and to provide novel information on this particular preservation context linked to volcanically-influenced fluvial environments.
CO 凝灰岩是迄今为止在早中新世圣克鲁斯地层（阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚）中记录到的体积最大的火山碎屑事件之一。它代表了与西风有关的风化过程，将大量火山灰从安第斯山脉重新加工并运送到大陆内部，堆积在河漫滩沉积物中。这一火山事件在 ∼17 Ma（布迪加里期）造成了重大的环境变化，至少在沉积期间，该地区生物群的生存条件十分恶劣。我们在此对从该凝灰岩沉积物中发现的哺乳动物群进行了包括分类学、沉积学和岩石学在内的全面研究。该动物群由微生动物门（Microbiotheria）、侏儒动物门（Paucituberculata）、褶皱动物门（Folivora）、啮齿动物门（Cingulata）、啮齿动物门（Rodentia）、侏儒动物门（Notoungulata）和哺乳动物门（Litopterna）的代表动物组成，反映了哺乳动物的广泛多样性。在这种模式中，个体的死亡以及随后的遗骸沉积和埋葬是随着时间的推移逐渐发生的，与此同时，火山灰也在死亡地点或非常靠近死亡地点的地方堆积。死亡和埋葬之间的时间相对较短，这与火山灰快速、持续地涌入沉积环境相一致。这项多学科研究使我们能够解释和重建哺乳动物集合体可能的移生学路径，并提供与受火山影响的河流环境有关的特殊保存环境的新信息。
{"title":"Tuff deposits as preservational context for a Miocene continental mammal assemblage from Patagonia, Argentina","authors":"Rodrigo L. Tomassini , Claudia I. Montalvo , José I. Cuitiño , María Susana Bargo , Sergio F. Vizcaíno","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CO tuff is one of the volumetrically largest volcaniclastic events so far recorded in the Early-Middle Miocene Santa Cruz Formation (Patagonian Argentina). It represents aeolian processes, related with westerlies, that reworked and transported enormous quantities of volcanic ash from the Andes into the continental interior that accumulated in fluvial floodplain deposits. This volcanic event generated a major environmental change at ∼17 Ma (Burdigalian) and hostile living conditions for the biota of the area, at least during the time of deposition. We performed here a comprehensive study including taxonomic, sedimentological, and taphonomic aspects of the mammal assemblage recovered from this tuff deposit. The assemblage is constituted by representatives of Microbiotheria, Paucituberculata, Folivora, Cingulata, Rodentia, Notoungulata, and Litopterna, reflecting a wide mammalian diversity. The formation of the assemblage can be linked to a normal attritional model, in which the death of the individuals and subsequent deposition and burial of their remains would have occurred gradually over time, simultaneously with the accumulation of volcanic ash, at the place of death or very close to it. The time between the death and burial would have been relatively short, in accordance with the rapid and continuous influx of volcanic ash to the depositional environment. This multidisciplinary study allows us to interpret and reconstruct the possible taphonomic pathways of the mammal assemblage and to provide novel information on this particular preservation context linked to volcanically-influenced fluvial environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"86 ","pages":"Pages 35-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of palynostratigraphic studies in the Silves Group in the Algarve Basin, Portugal. From bottom to top comprises the Silves Sandstones, the Silves Marl-Carbonate Evaporitic Complex, and the Volcano-Sedimentary Series. This study aims to detail the age of the Silves Group, bracketing the Triassic-Jurassic transition, using palynology. For this purpose, 250 samples were collected from 14 main sections. Previous results from a section above the Variscan unconformity, enabled to date the base of the Silves Sandstones and the onset of the Mesozoic sedimentary cycle in the Algarve Basin to lower Carnian. In this work, the top of the Silves Sandstones, containing Camerosporites secatus, Enzonalasporites vigens, Granuloperculatipollis rudis, Lagenella martinii, Patinasporites densus, Samaropollenites speciosus, and Vallasporites ignacii, is dated to the upper Carnian. The base of the Silves Marl-Carbonate Evaporitic Complex, consisting of Alisporites sp., Araucariacites australis, Classopollis meyerianus, Classopollis torosus, Paracirculina quadruplicis and Triadispora sp., indicates an upper Carnian age. The presence of Alisporites diaphanus, Araucariacites australis, Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus, Classopollis meyerianus, Classopollis torosus, Perinopollenites elatoides, Calamospora mesozoica, and Kraeuselisporites reissingeri allows to date the top of the Silves Marl-Carbonate Evaporitic Complex as upper Rhaetian-lower Hettangian. This study allows to date the Silves Group in the Algarve Basin from the lower Carnian to lower Hettangian (Triassic-Jurassic boundary) for the first time. The Carnian microflora provides new insights of the Onslow Microflora in the Western Tethys.
{"title":"New Insights on the Upper Triassic Silves Group in Algarve Basin, Portugal: Palynological, paleophytogeography and paleoclimatology advances","authors":"Margarida Vilas-Boas , Zélia Pereira , Simonetta Cirilli , Paulo Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the results of palynostratigraphic studies in the Silves Group in the Algarve Basin, Portugal. From bottom to top comprises the Silves Sandstones, the Silves Marl-Carbonate Evaporitic Complex, and the Volcano-Sedimentary Series. This study aims to detail the age of the Silves Group, bracketing the Triassic-Jurassic transition, using palynology. For this purpose, 250 samples were collected from 14 main sections. Previous results from a section above the Variscan unconformity, enabled to date the base of the Silves Sandstones and the onset of the Mesozoic sedimentary cycle in the Algarve Basin to lower Carnian. In this work, the top of the Silves Sandstones, containing <em>Camerosporites secatus</em>, <em>Enzonalasporites vigens</em>, <em>Granuloperculatipollis rudis</em>, <em>Lagenella martinii</em>, <em>Patinasporites densus</em>, <em>Samaropollenites speciosus</em>, and <em>Vallasporites ignacii</em>, is dated to the upper Carnian. The base of the Silves Marl-Carbonate Evaporitic Complex, consisting of <em>Alisporites</em> sp., <em>Araucariacites australis</em>, <em>Classopollis meyerianus</em>, <em>Classopollis torosus</em>, <em>Paracirculina quadruplicis</em> and <em>Triadispora</em> sp., indicates an upper Carnian age. The presence of <em>Alisporites diaphanus</em>, <em>Araucariacites australis</em>, <em>Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus, Classopollis meyerianus</em>, <em>Classopollis torosus</em>, <em>Perinopollenites elatoides</em>, <em>Calamospora mesozoica</em>, and <em>Kraeuselisporites reissingeri</em> allows to date the top of the Silves Marl-Carbonate Evaporitic Complex as upper Rhaetian-lower Hettangian. This study allows to date the Silves Group in the Algarve Basin from the lower Carnian to lower Hettangian (Triassic-Jurassic boundary) for the first time. The Carnian microflora provides new insights of the Onslow Microflora in the Western Tethys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"86 ","pages":"Pages 49-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.06.001
Sampa Kundu, Mahasin Ali Khan
A new fossil epifoliar ascomycete (Ascomycota), Meliolinites miocenicus nov. sp. (fossil Meliolaceae), occurs in situ on a compressed monocot leaf from middle Siwalik (Late Miocene, ca. 12–8 Ma) sediments of Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalaya. The fossil consists of a well-preserved mycelium of superficial, brown to dark brown, septate, thick-walled, branched hyphodiate hyphae; a sub-globose, dark brown putative ascoma, and an oblong to broadly cylindrical, five-celled, four-septate, mature germinating ascospore. The new fossil differs from earlier reported melioloid fossils primarily in the morphology of appressoria. Meliolinites miocenicus nov. sp. on its host is evidence of the existence of a biotrophic relationship at the time of deposition. Qualitative climate data using plant megafossils recovered from the same fossil locality indicate that M. miocenicus nov. sp. and its host thrived in a warm and humid tropical environment.
{"title":"A new epifoliar melioloid fungus from the Siwalik (Miocene) of Himachal sub-Himalaya and its palaeoecological implications","authors":"Sampa Kundu, Mahasin Ali Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new fossil epifoliar ascomycete (Ascomycota), <em>Meliolinites miocenicus</em> nov. sp. (fossil Meliolaceae), occurs <em>in situ</em> on a compressed monocot leaf from middle Siwalik (Late Miocene, ca. 12–8 Ma) sediments of Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalaya. The fossil consists of a well-preserved mycelium of superficial, brown to dark brown, septate, thick-walled, branched hyphodiate hyphae; a sub-globose, dark brown putative ascoma, and an oblong to broadly cylindrical, five-celled, four-septate, mature germinating ascospore. The new fossil differs from earlier reported melioloid fossils primarily in the morphology of appressoria. <em>Meliolinites miocenicus</em> nov. sp. on its host is evidence of the existence of a biotrophic relationship at the time of deposition. Qualitative climate data using plant megafossils recovered from the same fossil locality indicate that <em>M. miocenicus</em> nov. sp. and its host thrived in a warm and humid tropical environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"86 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.006
Marco Pavia , José Braga , Massimo Delfino , Lazarus Kgasi , Albrecht Manegold , Christine Steininger , Bernhard Zipfel , Aurore Val
A new parrot species of the genus Agapornis (Aves, Psittaculidae), namely Agapornis longipes nov. sp., is described from the Plio-Pleistocene of Kromdraai, Cooper’s Cave, and Swartkrans in the Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. The new species is represented by all major wing bones (humerus, ulna, and carpometacarpus) and by the tarsometatarsus, together with a fragmentary mandible and coracoid. The size of the bones indicates a small species of Agapornis with an elongated tarsometatarsus, proportionately the longest of all known species of Agapornis. This lengthening of the legs might be related to feeding adaptation of the extinct species, as the longer legs may have favored this ground feeder in the high and dense grassland characteristic of the Cradle of Humankind during the Plio-Pleistocene transition and the Early Pleistocene.
{"title":"A new species of Lovebird (Aves, Psittaculidae, Agapornis) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Cradle of Humankind (Gauteng, South Africa)","authors":"Marco Pavia , José Braga , Massimo Delfino , Lazarus Kgasi , Albrecht Manegold , Christine Steininger , Bernhard Zipfel , Aurore Val","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new parrot species of the genus <em>Agapornis</em> (Aves, Psittaculidae), namely <em>Agapornis longipes</em> nov. sp., is described from the Plio-Pleistocene of Kromdraai, Cooper’s Cave, and Swartkrans in the Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. The new species is represented by all major wing bones (humerus, ulna, and carpometacarpus) and by the tarsometatarsus, together with a fragmentary mandible and coracoid. The size of the bones indicates a small species of <em>Agapornis</em> with an elongated tarsometatarsus, proportionately the longest of all known species of <em>Agapornis</em>. This lengthening of the legs might be related to feeding adaptation of the extinct species, as the longer legs may have favored this ground feeder in the high and dense grassland characteristic of the Cradle of Humankind during the Plio-Pleistocene transition and the Early Pleistocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.004
Jingmai K. O’Connor , Jessie Atterholt , Alida M. Bailleul , Min Wang , Pei-Chen Kuo , Zhonghe Zhou
The Enantiornithes is the dominant clade of Cretaceous land birds and the most diverse recognized clade of Mesozoic birds. More than half of this diversity is from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol deposits in northeastern China, and numerous late immature and mature specimens have been sectioned for histological analysis. These specimens reveal thin cortices with low amounts of vascularization and variably-present growth lines. An inner circumferential layer is typically observed, but rarely a distinct outer circumferential layer. Here we describe the morphology and histology of two early immature enantiornithines and explore ontogenetic changes in skeletal morphology and bone formation. These specimens help to fill in a crucial ontogenetic gap between the previously sectioned embryonic specimen of Gobipteryx and purportedly mature or near mature specimens. In support of interpretations regarding the precocial onset of flight in Enantiornithes, the proportions of the forelimb cortical thicknesses relative to the hindlimb in IVPP V15575 is very similar to mature enantiornithines. Opposite neornithines, the bone tissue of the humerus is more mature than the tibia. Precocial development of the femur is considered plesiomorphic to Aves, thus the shift towards greater maturity in the forelimb relative to the hindlimb observed in IVPP V15575 probably reflects the apomorphic evolution of super-precocial flight in enantiornithines. Osteohistological traits in IVPP V15686 and V15575 resemble those of extant chicks on the more altricial end of the developmental mode spectrum, but individuals from later growth stages. Since ossification indicates these two specimens are very immature, this highlights the unique osteohistological development of enantiornithines. Differences between these two individuals are potentially indicative of intertaxonomic variation in enantiornithine growth strategies. However, developmental plasticity in stem birds means that morphological and osteohistological maturity are decoupled and that ossification patterns can vary even within a taxon. As such, significantly more data are required to fully understand observed differences and extract patterns regarding variation in developmental strategy among enantiornithines.
{"title":"Description and osteohistology of two early immature enantiornithines (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota","authors":"Jingmai K. O’Connor , Jessie Atterholt , Alida M. Bailleul , Min Wang , Pei-Chen Kuo , Zhonghe Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Enantiornithes is the dominant clade of Cretaceous land birds and the most diverse recognized clade of Mesozoic birds. More than half of this diversity is from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol deposits in northeastern China, and numerous late immature and mature specimens have been sectioned for histological analysis. These specimens reveal thin cortices with low amounts of vascularization and variably-present growth lines. An inner circumferential layer is typically observed, but rarely a distinct outer circumferential layer. Here we describe the morphology and histology of two early immature enantiornithines and explore ontogenetic changes in skeletal morphology and bone formation. These specimens help to fill in a crucial ontogenetic gap between the previously sectioned embryonic specimen of <em>Gobipteryx</em> and purportedly mature or near mature specimens. In support of interpretations regarding the precocial onset of flight in Enantiornithes, the proportions of the forelimb cortical thicknesses relative to the hindlimb in IVPP V15575 is very similar to mature enantiornithines. Opposite neornithines, the bone tissue of the humerus is more mature than the tibia. Precocial development of the femur is considered plesiomorphic to Aves, thus the shift towards greater maturity in the forelimb relative to the hindlimb observed in IVPP V15575 probably reflects the apomorphic evolution of super-precocial flight in enantiornithines. Osteohistological traits in IVPP V15686 and V15575 resemble those of extant chicks on the more altricial end of the developmental mode spectrum, but individuals from later growth stages. Since ossification indicates these two specimens are very immature, this highlights the unique osteohistological development of enantiornithines. Differences between these two individuals are potentially indicative of intertaxonomic variation in enantiornithine growth strategies. However, developmental plasticity in stem birds means that morphological and osteohistological maturity are decoupled and that ossification patterns can vary even within a taxon. As such, significantly more data are required to fully understand observed differences and extract patterns regarding variation in developmental strategy among enantiornithines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 103-122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.03.003
Abi Crane , Juan Benito , Albert Chen , Grace Musser , Christopher R. Torres , Julia A. Clarke , Stephan Lautenschlager , Daniel T. Ksepka , Daniel J. Field
Asteriornis maastrichtensis, from the latest Cretaceous of Belgium, is among the oldest known crown bird fossils, and its three-dimensionally preserved skull provides the most substantial insights into the cranial morphology of early crown birds to date. Phylogenetic analyses recovered Asteriornis as a total-group member of Galloanserae, the clade uniting Galliformes and Anseriformes. One important feature supporting this placement was enlargement of the retroarticular processes, which form elongate caudal extensions of the mandible in extant Galloanserae. Here, we reinterpret the jaw of Asteriornis and illustrate that the caudalmost portion of the mandibles are in fact not preserved. Instead, the caudal extremities of both the left and right mandibular rami extend to the surface of the fossil block containing the holotype skull, where they have eroded away. The originally identified retroarticular process of the right mandible – which exhibits a morphology and orientation strikingly similar to the retroarticular processes of certain extant and fossil galloanserans, including the early Palaeogene total-clade anseriforms Conflicto and Nettapterornis – instead represents a twisted and caudally displaced medial process. Nonetheless, anatomical comparisons with extant taxa reveal that we cannot exclude the possibility that Asteriornis exhibited robust retroarticular processes comparable to those of extant Galloanserae. In light of the reinterpreted morphology of the Asteriornis mandible, we update the original anatomical character matrix used to investigate its phylogenetic relationships and perform revised phylogenetic analyses, which continue to support Asteriornis as a total-group galloanseran, as initially interpreted. We demonstrate additional morphological traits of the mandible supporting this phylogenetic position and provide new data on the nature and distribution of retroarticular processes among early crown birds.
{"title":"Taphonomic damage obfuscates interpretation of the retroarticular region of the Asteriornis mandible","authors":"Abi Crane , Juan Benito , Albert Chen , Grace Musser , Christopher R. Torres , Julia A. Clarke , Stephan Lautenschlager , Daniel T. Ksepka , Daniel J. Field","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Asteriornis maastrichtensis</em>, from the latest Cretaceous of Belgium, is among the oldest known crown bird fossils, and its three-dimensionally preserved skull provides the most substantial insights into the cranial morphology of early crown birds to date. Phylogenetic analyses recovered <em>Asteriornis</em> as a total-group member of Galloanserae, the clade uniting Galliformes and Anseriformes. One important feature supporting this placement was enlargement of the retroarticular processes, which form elongate caudal extensions of the mandible in extant Galloanserae. Here, we reinterpret the jaw of <em>Asteriornis</em> and illustrate that the caudalmost portion of the mandibles are in fact not preserved. Instead, the caudal extremities of both the left and right mandibular rami extend to the surface of the fossil block containing the holotype skull, where they have eroded away. The originally identified retroarticular process of the right mandible – which exhibits a morphology and orientation strikingly similar to the retroarticular processes of certain extant and fossil galloanserans, including the early Palaeogene total-clade anseriforms <em>Conflicto</em> and <em>Nettapterornis</em> – instead represents a twisted and caudally displaced medial process. Nonetheless, anatomical comparisons with extant taxa reveal that we cannot exclude the possibility that <em>Asteriornis</em> exhibited robust retroarticular processes comparable to those of extant Galloanserae. In light of the reinterpreted morphology of the <em>Asteriornis</em> mandible, we update the original anatomical character matrix used to investigate its phylogenetic relationships and perform revised phylogenetic analyses, which continue to support <em>Asteriornis</em> as a total-group galloanseran, as initially interpreted. We demonstrate additional morphological traits of the mandible supporting this phylogenetic position and provide new data on the nature and distribution of retroarticular processes among early crown birds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 31-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2024.03.002
Trevor H. Worthy , R. Paul Scofield , Vanesa L. De Pietri , Steven W. Salisbury , Werner Schwarzhans , Suzanne J. Hand , Michael Archer
The St Bathans Fauna, from sites near the village of St Bathans, Central Otago, South Island, is the first substantive pre-Quaternary terrestrial vertebrate fossil fauna discovered in New Zealand. This fauna derives from 33 sites or discrete sedimentary beds located in the lower 50 m of the lacustrine Bannockburn Formation, Manuherikia Group, and is generally accepted as local stage Altonian (19–15.9 Ma; Burdigalian, Early Miocene) in age. Investigations since 2001 have revealed an abundant and diverse fauna from over 9000 catalogued lots that is herein reviewed. Invertebrates notably include eight genera and species of terrestrial molluscs. Among vertebrates, freshwater fish remains dominate with 17 species evidenced by 16,500 analysed otoliths (genera Neochanna, Galaxias, Prototroctes, and Mataichthys) and many thousands of bones. Birds (minimally 45 species, several thousand bones) are the most common non-fish vertebrates, among which waterfowls dominate all assemblages (10 species). Co-occurring with these was a diverse herpetofauna, including undetermined crocodylians and a terrestrial turtle, both absent in Recent faunas. Significantly, the St Bathans Fauna evidences that Zealandia already had all of New Zealand’s ‘old’ endemic Recent taxa (sphenodontids, leiopelmatids, dinornithiforms, apterygids, aptornithids, strigopoid parrots, acanthisittids, and mystacinids) during the Early Miocene. Furthermore, it includes Australasia’s oldest ardeids, two flightless rallids, a novel higher landbird family, a greater diversity of bats, and terrestrial mammals. All sites reflect a single fauna, except that the ducks Manuherikia lacustrina (stratigraphically lower in section) and M. primadividua (higher) have a mutually exclusive distribution that is not yet correlated with any other biotic distribution differences.
{"title":"A synopsis of the Early Miocene St Bathans Fauna of New Zealand","authors":"Trevor H. Worthy , R. Paul Scofield , Vanesa L. De Pietri , Steven W. Salisbury , Werner Schwarzhans , Suzanne J. Hand , Michael Archer","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The St Bathans Fauna, from sites near the village of St Bathans, Central Otago, South Island, is the first substantive pre-Quaternary terrestrial vertebrate fossil fauna discovered in New Zealand. This fauna derives from 33 sites or discrete sedimentary beds located in the lower 50 m of the lacustrine Bannockburn Formation, Manuherikia Group, and is generally accepted as local stage Altonian (19–15.9 Ma; Burdigalian, Early Miocene) in age. Investigations since 2001 have revealed an abundant and diverse fauna from over 9000 catalogued lots that is herein reviewed. Invertebrates notably include eight genera and species of terrestrial molluscs. Among vertebrates, freshwater fish remains dominate with 17 species evidenced by 16,500 analysed otoliths (genera <em>Neochanna</em>, <em>Galaxias</em>, <em>Prototroctes</em>, and <em>Mataichthys</em>) and many thousands of bones. Birds (minimally 45 species, several thousand bones) are the most common non-fish vertebrates, among which waterfowls dominate all assemblages (10 species). Co-occurring with these was a diverse herpetofauna, including undetermined crocodylians and a terrestrial turtle, both absent in Recent faunas. Significantly, the St Bathans Fauna evidences that Zealandia already had all of New Zealand’s ‘old’ endemic Recent taxa (sphenodontids, leiopelmatids, dinornithiforms, apterygids, aptornithids, strigopoid parrots, acanthisittids, and mystacinids) during the Early Miocene. Furthermore, it includes Australasia’s oldest ardeids, two flightless rallids, a novel higher landbird family, a greater diversity of bats, and terrestrial mammals. All sites reflect a single fauna, except that the ducks <em>Manuherikia lacustrina</em> (stratigraphically lower in section) and <em>M. primadividua</em> (higher) have a mutually exclusive distribution that is not yet correlated with any other biotic distribution differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 163-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2023.12.010
George D. Koufos
The Neogene-Quaternary continental deposits cover large areas of Greece and several fossil mammal sites have been discovered in the country. There are several collections of large fossil mammals for this time span, which provide important data for the fauna biochronology, correlations, palaeoecology and palaeogeography of the area. The last lists with the fauna, age and biochronology of the Greek large mammal localities were given in 2006 for the Neogene and in 2001 for the Quaternary. Extensive research over the last twenty years provided several new localities, and many data and information were published. Therefore, an updating of the lists was more than necessary, and the present article deals with it; it covers the time span untill June 2023. Lists include all faunal information as the systematic classification, chronology, biostratigraphic correlation of the faunas, and main bibliography. It is worth mentioning that some of the Greek localities are key-localities for the Eastern Mediterranean region, e.g., Pikermi, Axios Valley, Villafranchian collection. These faunas are important for the comparison and identification of new collections, correlations, palaeoecology, and palaeogeography of Neogene European mammals.
{"title":"Updating the fauna and age of the Neogene-Quaternary large mammal sites of Greece","authors":"George D. Koufos","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Neogene-Quaternary continental deposits cover large areas of Greece and several fossil mammal sites have been discovered in the country. There are several collections of large fossil mammals for this time span, which provide important data for the fauna biochronology, correlations, palaeoecology and palaeogeography of the area. The last lists with the fauna, age and biochronology of the Greek large mammal localities were given in 2006 for the Neogene and in 2001 for the Quaternary. Extensive research over the last twenty years provided several new localities, and many data and information were published. Therefore, an updating of the lists was more than necessary, and the present article deals with it; it covers the time span untill June 2023. Lists include all faunal information as the systematic classification, chronology, biostratigraphic correlation of the faunas, and main bibliography. It is worth mentioning that some of the Greek localities are key-localities for the Eastern Mediterranean region, e.g., Pikermi, Axios Valley, Villafranchian collection. These faunas are important for the comparison and identification of new collections, correlations, palaeoecology, and palaeogeography of Neogene European mammals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 35-57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2023.12.008
Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud , Candys Bert , Anne-Laure Decombeix , Marion Lacand , Merlin Ramel , Ralph Thomas Becker , Christian Klug , Ahmed El Hassani , Abdelfatah Tahiri
The Middle Devonian is a transitional period for the first vascular plants, which acquire modern vegetative and reproductive structures, diversify considerably and, within the euphyllophytes, evolve the first representatives of modern plant groups, the monilophytes and lignophytes. However, the dynamics of this diversification across the different paleocontinents remains obscure, particularly within Gondwana. The upper Givetian locality of Oum el Jerane, in southeastern Morocco, has yielded a new assemblage of anatomically preserved plant remains whose description contributes to a better understanding of the floras of the northern margin of Gondwana during the Middle Devonian. The euphyllophytes include one iridopterid, Arachnoxylon minor, two cladoxylopsids, one of which represents the new genus Jerana, and two aneurophytales affiliated with the genus Triloboxylon. The cladoxylopsid remains from Oum el Jerane correspond to relatively small plants compared to the well-known coeval cladoxylopsids of Laurussia. Compared to the taxonomic composition of the four phytochoria recently defined for the Middle Devonian, the Oum el Jerane plant assemblage corresponds to the ‘subtropical’ phytochorion, which is close to the ‘Laurussia’ phytochorion, but which would correspond to drier environmental conditions.
中泥盆世是第一批维管束植物的过渡时期，这些植物获得了现代的无性和生殖结构，发生了很大的多样化，并在裸子植物中演化出现代植物类群的第一批代表--单叶植物和木质植物。然而，这种多样性在不同古大陆上的动态变化仍不明显，尤其是在冈瓦纳地区。摩洛哥东南部的乌姆杰拉内（Oum el Jerane）上古生代地点发现了一批新的解剖保存植物遗骸，对它们的描述有助于更好地了解中泥盆纪冈瓦纳北缘的植物群。这些叶状植物包括一种鸢尾科植物（Arachnoxylon minor）、两种蝶形花植物（其中一种代表新属Jerana）和两种隶属于Triloboxylon属的蝶形花植物。与众所周知的同时期的劳鲁西亚(Laurussia)cladoxylopsids相比，乌姆杰拉内(Oum el Jerane)的cladoxylopsid遗骸属于相对较小的植物。与最近为中泥盆纪定义的四种植物群的分类组成相比，乌姆杰拉内植物群属于 "亚热带 "植物群，与 "劳鲁西亚 "植物群接近，但与更干旱的环境条件相对应。
{"title":"The euphyllophytes of a new Givetian plant assemblage from the eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco","authors":"Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud , Candys Bert , Anne-Laure Decombeix , Marion Lacand , Merlin Ramel , Ralph Thomas Becker , Christian Klug , Ahmed El Hassani , Abdelfatah Tahiri","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The Middle Devonian is a transitional period for the first vascular plants, which acquire modern vegetative and reproductive structures, diversify considerably and, within the euphyllophytes, evolve the first representatives of modern plant groups, the monilophytes and lignophytes. However, the dynamics of this diversification across the different paleocontinents remains obscure, particularly within Gondwana. The upper Givetian locality of Oum el Jerane, in southeastern Morocco, has yielded a new assemblage of anatomically preserved plant remains whose description contributes to a better understanding of the floras of the northern margin of Gondwana during the Middle Devonian. The euphyllophytes include one iridopterid, </span><em>Arachnoxylon minor</em><span>, two cladoxylopsids, one of which represents the new genus </span><em>Jerana</em>, and two aneurophytales affiliated with the genus <em>Triloboxylon</em><span>. The cladoxylopsid remains from Oum el Jerane correspond to relatively small plants compared to the well-known coeval cladoxylopsids of Laurussia. Compared to the taxonomic composition of the four phytochoria recently defined for the Middle Devonian, the Oum el Jerane plant assemblage corresponds to the ‘subtropical’ phytochorion, which is close to the ‘Laurussia’ phytochorion, but which would correspond to drier environmental conditions.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"85 ","pages":"Pages 58-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141701658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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