Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.011
Boback M. Berookhim MD, MBA
{"title":"The Contribution of Low Serum Testosterone Levels to Mortality in Men","authors":"Boback M. Berookhim MD, MBA","doi":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55124,"journal":{"name":"Gender Medicine","volume":"9 6","pages":"Pages 569-570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31046802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.006
Petra Verdonk PhD, MA , Ineke Klinge PhD, MSc
Background
The integration of genome-based knowledge into public health or public health genomics (PHG) aims to contribute to disease prevention, health promotion, and risk reduction associated with genetic disease susceptibility. Men and women differ, for instance, in susceptibilities for heart disease, obesity, or depression due to biologic (sex) and sociocultural (gender) factors and their interaction. Genome-based knowledge is rapidly increasing, but sex and gender issues are often not explored.
Objective
To explore the implications of a sex and gender analysis for PHG.
Methods
We explore genome-based knowledge in relation to sex and gender aspects using depression as an example, gender equality, and the intersection of sex and gender with other social stratifiers such as ethnic background or socioeconomic status.
Results
We advocate a sex- and gender-sensitive genomics research agenda alongside studies that provide sex-disaggregated data rather than controls based on sex. Such a research agenda is needed to guide research on how genomics is understood and perceived by men and women across groups, and for the equitable and responsible translation of such knowledge into the public health domain.
Conclusions
Including sex and gender analysis in PHG research will not only shed more light on phenomena such as diseases with a higher prevalence in either men or women, but will ultimately lead to gendered innovations by way of exploring how gendered and cultural environments increase or safeguard genetic predispositions.
{"title":"Mainstreaming Sex and Gender Analysis in Public Health Genomics","authors":"Petra Verdonk PhD, MA , Ineke Klinge PhD, MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The integration of genome-based knowledge into public health<span> or public health genomics<span><span> (PHG) aims to contribute to disease prevention, health promotion, and risk reduction associated with genetic disease susceptibility. Men and women differ, for instance, in susceptibilities for heart disease, obesity, or depression due to biologic (sex) and sociocultural (gender) factors and their interaction. Genome-based knowledge is rapidly increasing, but </span>sex and gender issues are often not explored.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To explore the implications of a sex and gender analysis for PHG.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We explore genome-based knowledge in relation to sex and gender aspects using depression as an example, gender equality, and the intersection of sex and gender with other social stratifiers such as ethnic background or socioeconomic status.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We advocate a sex- and gender-sensitive genomics research agenda alongside studies that provide sex-disaggregated data rather than controls based on sex. Such a research agenda is needed to guide research on how genomics is understood and perceived by men and women across groups, and for the equitable and responsible translation of such knowledge into the public health domain.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Including sex and gender analysis in PHG research will not only shed more light on phenomena such as diseases with a higher prevalence in either men or women, but will ultimately lead to gendered innovations by way of exploring how gendered and cultural environments increase or safeguard genetic predispositions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55124,"journal":{"name":"Gender Medicine","volume":"9 6","pages":"Pages 402-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31059002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.004
Maren S. Fragala PhD , M.H. Clark PhD , Stephen J. Walsh PhD , Alison Kleppinger MS , James O. Judge MD , George A. Kuchel MD , Anne M. Kenny MD
Background
Both high body fat and low muscle mass have been associated with physical disability in older adults. However, men and women differ markedly in body composition; men generally have more absolute and relative lean muscle mass and less fat mass than women. It is not known how these anthropometric differences differentially affect physical ability in men and women.
Objectives
This study examines differences in anthropometric predictors of physical performance in older women and men.
Methods
Participants were 470 older women and men 72.9 (7.9) years of age. Body composition was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Maximum leg strength and power were measured using a leg press. Muscle quality (MQ) was calculated as relative strength (leg press strength per kilogram of leg muscle mass). Gait speed and chair rise were used to assess mobility performance and functional strength.
Results
Body mass index (BMI), age, and MQ emerged as predictors (P < 0.05) of functional strength and mobility in men and women somewhat differently. After accounting for age and sample, leg MQ was related to chair rise time and gait speed in men but not women. BMI was related to gait speed in both men and women, but BMI was related to chair rise time only in women.
Conclusion
Results implicate the prioritized importance of healthy weight and muscle maintenance in older women and men for maintained physical functioning with aging.
{"title":"Gender Differences in Anthropometric Predictors of Physical Performance in Older Adults","authors":"Maren S. Fragala PhD , M.H. Clark PhD , Stephen J. Walsh PhD , Alison Kleppinger MS , James O. Judge MD , George A. Kuchel MD , Anne M. Kenny MD","doi":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Both high body fat and low muscle mass have been associated with physical disability in older adults. However, men and women differ markedly in body composition; men generally have more absolute and relative lean muscle mass and less fat mass than women. It is not known how these anthropometric differences differentially affect physical ability in men and women.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study examines differences in anthropometric predictors of physical performance in older women and men.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were 470 older women and men 72.9 (7.9) years of age. Body composition was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Maximum leg strength and power were measured using a leg press. Muscle quality (MQ) was calculated as relative strength (leg press strength per kilogram of leg muscle mass). Gait speed and chair rise were used to assess mobility performance and functional strength.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Body mass index (BMI), age, and MQ emerged as predictors (</span><em>P</em> < 0.05) of functional strength and mobility in men and women somewhat differently. After accounting for age and sample, leg MQ was related to chair rise time and gait speed in men but not women. BMI was related to gait speed in both men and women, but BMI was related to chair rise time only in women.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Results implicate the prioritized importance of healthy weight and muscle maintenance in older women and men for maintained physical functioning with aging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55124,"journal":{"name":"Gender Medicine","volume":"9 6","pages":"Pages 445-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31022471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.005
Carolina Barragán-Martínez MD , Jenny Amaya-Amaya MD , Ricardo Pineda-Tamayo MD , Rubén D. Mantilla MD , Juan Castellanos-de la Hoz MD , Santiago Bernal-Macías MD , Adriana Rojas-Villarraga MD , Juan-Manuel Anaya MD, PhD
Background
Data on the effect of gender in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in non-Caucasian populations is scarce. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is a large population with unique characteristics, including high admixture.
Objective
Our aim was to examine the effect of gender in patients with RA in LAC.
Methods
This was a 2-phase study. First we conducted a cross-sectional and analytical study in which 1128 consecutive Colombian patients with RA were assessed. Second, a systematic review of the literature was done to evaluate the effect of gender in LAC patients with RA.
Results
Our results show a high prevalence of RA in LAC women with a ratio of 5.2 women per man. Colombian women with RA are more at risk of having an early age at onset and developing polyautoimmunity and abdominal obesity, and they perform more household duties than their male counterparts. However, male gender was associated with the presence of extra-articular manifestations. Of a total of 641 potentially relevant articles, 38 were considered for final analysis, in which several factors and outcomes related to gender were identified.
Conclusions
RA in LAC women is not only more common but presents with some clinical characteristics that differ from RA presentation in men. Some of those characteristics could explain the high rates of disability and worse prognosis observed in women with RA in LAC.
{"title":"Gender Differences in Latin-American Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"Carolina Barragán-Martínez MD , Jenny Amaya-Amaya MD , Ricardo Pineda-Tamayo MD , Rubén D. Mantilla MD , Juan Castellanos-de la Hoz MD , Santiago Bernal-Macías MD , Adriana Rojas-Villarraga MD , Juan-Manuel Anaya MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Data on the effect of gender in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in non-Caucasian populations is scarce. Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is a large population with unique characteristics, including high admixture.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Our aim was to examine the effect of gender in patients with RA in LAC.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a 2-phase study. First we conducted a cross-sectional and analytical study in which 1128 consecutive Colombian patients with RA were assessed. Second, a systematic review of the literature was done to evaluate the effect of gender in LAC patients with RA.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results show a high prevalence of RA in LAC women with a ratio of 5.2 women per man. Colombian women with RA are more at risk of having an early age at onset and developing polyautoimmunity and abdominal obesity, and they perform more household duties than their male counterparts. However, male gender was associated with the presence of extra-articular manifestations. Of a total of 641 potentially relevant articles, 38 were considered for final analysis, in which several factors and outcomes related to gender were identified.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>RA in LAC women is not only more common but presents with some clinical characteristics that differ from RA presentation in men. Some of those characteristics could explain the high rates of disability and worse prognosis observed in women with RA in LAC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55124,"journal":{"name":"Gender Medicine","volume":"9 6","pages":"Pages 490-510.e5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31101184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.001
Joshua E. Seifarth BHK, Cheri L. McGowan PhD, Kevin J. Milne PhD
Background
A sexual dimorphism in human life expectancy has existed in almost every country for as long as records have been kept. Although human life expectancy has increased each year, females still live longer, on average, than males. Undoubtedly, the reasons for the sex gap in life expectancy are multifaceted, and it has been discussed from both sociological and biological perspectives. However, even if biological factors make up only a small percentage of the determinants of the sex difference in this phenomenon, parity in average life expectancy should not be anticipated.
Objective
The aim of this review is to highlight biological mechanisms that may underlie the sexual dimorphism in life expectancy.
Methods
Using PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar, as well as cited and citing reference histories of articles through August 2012, English-language articles were identified, read, and synthesized into categories that could account for biological sex differences in human life expectancy.
Results
The examination of biological mechanisms accounting for the female-based advantage in human life expectancy has been an active area of inquiry; however, it is still difficult to prove the relative importance of any 1 factor. Nonetheless, biological differences between the sexes do exist and include differences in genetic and physiological factors such as progressive skewing of X chromosome inactivation, telomere attrition, mitochondrial inheritance, hormonal and cellular responses to stress, immune function, and metabolic substrate handling among others. These factors may account for at least a part of the female advantage in human life expectancy.
Conclusions
Despite noted gaps in sex equality, higher body fat percentages and lower physical activity levels globally at all ages, a sex-based gap in life expectancy exists in nearly every country for which data exist. There are several biological mechanisms that may contribute to explaining why females live longer than men on average, but the complexity of the human life experience makes research examining the contribution of any single factor for the female advantage difficult. However, this information may still prove important to the development of strategies for healthy aging in both sexes.
自从有记录以来，几乎每个国家都存在着人类预期寿命的两性二态现象。虽然人类的预期寿命每年都在增加，但女性的平均寿命仍然比男性长。毫无疑问，性别预期寿命差距的原因是多方面的，从社会学和生物学的角度都进行了讨论。然而，即使生物因素只占这一现象中性别差异决定因素的一小部分，也不应期望平均预期寿命相等。目的本综述的目的是强调可能在预期寿命性别二态性基础上的生物学机制。方法利用PubMed、ISI Web of Knowledge和谷歌Scholar，以及截至2012年8月的被引文献和引用文献历史，对英文文章进行识别、阅读，并将其合成为可以解释人类预期寿命生理性别差异的类别。结果研究女性在人类预期寿命方面的优势的生物学机制一直是一个活跃的研究领域;然而，仍然很难证明任何一个因素的相对重要性。尽管如此，两性之间的生物学差异确实存在，包括遗传和生理因素的差异，如X染色体失活的渐进式倾斜、端粒磨损、线粒体遗传、激素和细胞对压力的反应、免疫功能和代谢底物处理等。这些因素可能至少在一定程度上解释了女性在人类预期寿命方面的优势。结论:尽管在全球各个年龄段都存在性别平等、体脂率较高和体力活动水平较低的差距，但几乎每个有数据的国家都存在基于性别的预期寿命差距。有几种生物机制可能有助于解释为什么女性平均寿命比男性长，但人类生活经历的复杂性使得研究检验任何单一因素对女性优势的贡献变得困难。然而，这一信息可能仍然对两性健康老龄化策略的发展很重要。
{"title":"Sex and Life Expectancy","authors":"Joshua E. Seifarth BHK, Cheri L. McGowan PhD, Kevin J. Milne PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A sexual dimorphism in human life expectancy has existed in almost every country for as long as records have been kept. Although human life expectancy has increased each year, females still live longer, on average, than males. Undoubtedly, the reasons for the sex gap in life expectancy are multifaceted, and it has been discussed from both sociological and biological perspectives. However, even if biological factors make up only a small percentage of the determinants of the sex difference in this phenomenon, parity in average life expectancy should not be anticipated.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this review is to highlight biological mechanisms that may underlie the sexual dimorphism in life expectancy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar, as well as cited and citing reference histories of articles through August 2012, English-language articles were identified, read, and synthesized into categories that could account for biological sex differences in human life expectancy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>The examination of biological mechanisms accounting for the female-based advantage in human life expectancy has been an active area of inquiry; however, it is still difficult to prove the relative importance of any 1 factor. Nonetheless, biological differences between the sexes do exist and include differences in genetic and physiological factors such as progressive skewing of X chromosome inactivation<span>, telomere attrition, </span></span>mitochondrial inheritance<span>, hormonal and cellular responses to stress, immune function, and metabolic substrate handling among others. These factors may account for at least a part of the female advantage in human life expectancy.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite noted gaps in sex equality, higher body fat percentages and lower physical activity levels globally at all ages, a sex-based gap in life expectancy exists in nearly every country for which data exist. There are several biological mechanisms that may contribute to explaining why females live longer than men on average, but the complexity of the human life experience makes research examining the contribution of any single factor for the female advantage difficult. However, this information may still prove important to the development of strategies for healthy aging in both sexes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55124,"journal":{"name":"Gender Medicine","volume":"9 6","pages":"Pages 390-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.genm.2012.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31059003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2012.07.004
Jane C. Tan MD, PhD , Jane P. Kim PhD , Glenn M. Chertow MD, MPH , F. Carl Grumet MD , Manisha Desai PhD
Background
The lack of reliable human proxies for minor (ie, non-HLA) histocompatibility loci hampers the ability to leverage these factors toward improving transplant outcomes. Despite conflicting reports of the effect of donor–recipient sex mismatch on renal allografts, the association between acute rejection of renal allografts and the development of human alloantibodies to the male H-Y antigen suggested to us that donor–recipient sex mismatch deserved re-evaluation.
Objective
To evaluate whether the relationships between donor sex and allograft failure differed by recipient sex.
Methods
We studied recipients of deceased-donor (n = 125,369) and living-donor (n = 63,139) transplants in the United States Renal Data System. Using Cox proportional hazards models stratified by donor type, we estimated the association between donor–recipient sex mismatch and death-censored allograft failure with adjustment for known risk factors, with and without the use of multiple imputation methods to account for potential bias and/or loss of efficiency due to missing data.
Results
The advantage afforded by male donor kidneys was more pronounced among male than among female recipients (8% vs 2% relative risk reduction; interaction P < 0.01). This difference is of the order of magnitude of several other risk factors affecting donor selection decisions.
Conclusions
Donor–recipient sex mismatch affects renal allograft survival in a direction consistent with immune responses to sexually determined minor histocompatibility antigens. Our study provides a paradigm for clinical detection of markers for minor histocompatibility loci.
缺乏可靠的人类替代次要(即非hla)组织相容性位点阻碍了利用这些因素改善移植结果的能力。尽管关于供体-受体性别错配对同种异体肾移植的影响的报道相互矛盾，但同种异体肾移植急性排斥反应与人类对男性H-Y抗原产生同种异体抗体之间的关系表明，供体-受体性别错配值得重新评估。目的探讨供体性别与同种异体移植失败的关系是否因受体性别而异。方法我们研究了美国肾脏数据系统中死亡供者(n = 125,369)和活体供者(n = 63,139)的移植受者。使用按供体类型分层的Cox比例风险模型，我们估计了供体-受体性别不匹配与死亡审查的同种异体移植物失败之间的关系，调整了已知的风险因素，并使用和不使用多种imputation方法来解释数据缺失导致的潜在偏差和/或效率损失。结果男性供肾的优势在男性中比在女性受体中更为明显(相对风险降低8% vs 2%;相互作用P <0.01)。这种差异是影响供体选择决定的其他几个风险因素的数量级。结论供体-受体性别错配影响同种异体肾移植存活的方向与对性别决定的次要组织相容性抗原的免疫应答一致。我们的研究为临床检测次要组织相容性位点的标记提供了一个范例。
{"title":"Donor–Recipient Sex Mismatch in Kidney Transplantation","authors":"Jane C. Tan MD, PhD , Jane P. Kim PhD , Glenn M. Chertow MD, MPH , F. Carl Grumet MD , Manisha Desai PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The lack of reliable human proxies for minor (ie, non-HLA) histocompatibility loci<span> hampers the ability to leverage these factors toward improving transplant outcomes. Despite conflicting reports of the effect of donor–recipient sex mismatch on renal allografts<span>, the association between acute rejection<span> of renal allografts and the development of human alloantibodies to the male H-Y antigen suggested to us that donor–recipient sex mismatch deserved re-evaluation.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate whether the relationships between donor sex and allograft failure differed by recipient sex.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We studied recipients of deceased-donor (n = 125,369) and living-donor (n = 63,139) transplants in the United States Renal Data System. Using Cox proportional hazards models stratified by donor type, we estimated the association between donor–recipient sex mismatch and death-censored allograft failure with adjustment for known risk factors, with and without the use of multiple imputation methods to account for potential bias and/or loss of efficiency due to missing data.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>The advantage afforded by male donor kidneys was more pronounced among male than among female recipients (8% vs 2% relative risk reduction; interaction </span><em>P</em> < 0.01). This difference is of the order of magnitude of several other risk factors affecting donor selection decisions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><span>Donor–recipient sex mismatch affects renal allograft survival in a direction consistent with immune responses to sexually determined </span>minor histocompatibility antigens. Our study provides a paradigm for clinical detection of markers for minor histocompatibility loci.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55124,"journal":{"name":"Gender Medicine","volume":"9 5","pages":"Pages 335-347.e2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.genm.2012.07.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30845751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2012.08.004
William H. Wehrmacher MD, FACP, FACC
{"title":"Women and Heart Disease: Shifting the Paradigm in the 21st Century","authors":"William H. Wehrmacher MD, FACP, FACC","doi":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55124,"journal":{"name":"Gender Medicine","volume":"9 5","pages":"Pages 385-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.genm.2012.08.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30953515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2012.08.001
Kwang-il Kim MD, PhD , Ju Hyun Lee MS , Cheol-Ho Kim MD, PhD
Background
Multimorbidity is a common problem in elderly populations and is significantly associated with functional decline, disability, and mortality. However, the sex-specific characteristics of multimorbidity and its effect on patients' quality of life (QOL) have not been clearly established.
Methods
We analyzed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. EuroQol 5D (a standardized health outcomes measurement instrument that includes 2 dimensions, the EuroQol 5 Dimension [EQ-5D] index score and the EuroQol visual analogue scale [EQ-VAS]) was used to evaluate QOL. Multimorbidity was evaluated using data on blood pressure measurements, blood chemistry examinations, and anthropometric assessments, as well as a survey that assessed health status.
Results
A total of 1419 patients aged ≥65 years were included in the analysis (age = 72.40 [0.19] years; 39.3% men). Multimorbidity was significantly associated with being a woman; however, it was not associated with age. The EQ-5D index score and EQ-VAS score were significantly lower in patients with multimorbidity, especially among the elderly women. The inverse association between QOL and the number of chronic diseases was maintained without a floor effect. Hypertension was the most common disease; however, QOL was significantly associated with musculoskeletal disease, stroke, and depression, all of which were more common in female patients. There was no significant difference in QOL between men and women with similar levels of comorbidity.
Conclusion
Both the amount and pattern of chronic diseases have been associated with QOL in elderly populations. Elderly women have low levels of QOL due to multimorbidity and a higher prevalence of chronic disease, which is related to impaired QOL.
{"title":"Impaired Health-Related Quality of Life in Elderly Women is Associated With Multimorbidity: Results From the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","authors":"Kwang-il Kim MD, PhD , Ju Hyun Lee MS , Cheol-Ho Kim MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Multimorbidity is a common problem in elderly populations and is significantly associated with functional decline, disability, and mortality. However, the sex-specific characteristics of multimorbidity and its effect on patients' </span>quality of life (QOL) have not been clearly established.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>We analyzed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. EuroQol 5D (a standardized health outcomes measurement instrument that includes 2 dimensions, the EuroQol 5 Dimension [EQ-5D] index score and the EuroQol visual analogue scale [EQ-VAS]) was used to evaluate QOL. Multimorbidity was evaluated using data on </span>blood pressure measurements<span>, blood chemistry examinations, and anthropometric assessments, as well as a survey that assessed health status.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 1419 patients aged ≥65 years were included in the analysis (age = 72.40 [0.19] years; 39.3% men). Multimorbidity was significantly associated with being a woman; however, it was not associated with age. The EQ-5D index score and EQ-VAS score were significantly lower in patients<span> with multimorbidity, especially among the elderly women. The inverse association between QOL and the number of chronic diseases was maintained without a floor effect. Hypertension was the most common disease; however, QOL was significantly associated with musculoskeletal disease, stroke, and depression, all of which were more common in female patients. There was no significant difference in QOL between men and women with similar levels of comorbidity.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Both the amount and pattern of chronic diseases have been associated with QOL in elderly populations. Elderly women have low levels of QOL due to multimorbidity and a higher prevalence of chronic disease, which is related to impaired QOL.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55124,"journal":{"name":"Gender Medicine","volume":"9 5","pages":"Pages 309-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.genm.2012.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30873602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2012.08.003
Nicholas W. Hatch PhD , Sarah J. Srodulski BS , Huei-Wei Chan PhD , Xuan Zhang PhD , Lisa R. Tannock MD , Victoria L. King PhD
Background
Despite numerous clinical and animal studies, the role of sex steroid hormones on lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis remain controversial.
Objective
We sought to determine the effects of endogenous estrogen and testosterone on lipoprotein levels and atherosclerosis using mice fed a low-fat diet with no added cholesterol.
Methods
Male and female low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice were fed an open stock low-fat diet (10% of kcals from fat) for 2, 4, or 17 weeks. Ovariectomy, orchidectomy, or sham surgeries were performed to evaluate the effects of the presence or absence of endogenous hormones on lipid levels, lipoprotein distribution, and atherosclerosis development.
Results
Female mice fed the study diet for 17 weeks had a marked increase in levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein-B containing lipoproteins, and atherosclerosis compared with male mice. Surprisingly, ovariectomy in female mice had no effect on any of these parameters. In contrast, castration of male mice markedly increased total cholesterol concentrations, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, and atherosclerotic lesion formation compared with male and female mice.
Conclusions
These data suggest that endogenous androgens protect against diet-induced increases in cholesterol concentrations, formation of proatherogenic lipoproteins, and atherosclerotic lesions formation. Conversely orchidectomy, which decreases androgen concentrations, promotes increases in cholesterol concentrations, proatherogenic lipoprotein formation, and atherosclerotic lesion formation in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice in response to a low-fat diet.
{"title":"Endogenous Androgen Deficiency Enhances Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice","authors":"Nicholas W. Hatch PhD , Sarah J. Srodulski BS , Huei-Wei Chan PhD , Xuan Zhang PhD , Lisa R. Tannock MD , Victoria L. King PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.genm.2012.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Despite numerous clinical and animal studies, the role of sex steroid hormones on lipoprotein<span> metabolism and atherosclerosis remain controversial.</span></p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We sought to determine the effects of endogenous estrogen and testosterone on lipoprotein levels and atherosclerosis using mice fed a low-fat diet with no added cholesterol.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>Male and female low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice were fed an open stock low-fat diet (10% of kcals from fat) for 2, 4, or 17 weeks. Ovariectomy, </span>orchidectomy, or sham surgeries were performed to evaluate the effects of the presence or absence of endogenous hormones on lipid levels, </span>lipoprotein distribution, and atherosclerosis development.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Female mice fed the study diet for 17 weeks had a marked increase in levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein-B containing lipoproteins, and atherosclerosis compared with male mice. Surprisingly, ovariectomy in female mice had no effect on any of these parameters. In contrast, castration of male mice markedly increased total cholesterol concentrations, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, and atherosclerotic lesion formation compared with male and female mice.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These data suggest that endogenous androgens protect against diet-induced increases in cholesterol concentrations, formation of proatherogenic lipoproteins, and atherosclerotic lesions formation. Conversely orchidectomy, which decreases androgen concentrations, promotes increases in cholesterol concentrations, proatherogenic lipoprotein formation, and atherosclerotic lesion formation in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice in response to a low-fat diet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55124,"journal":{"name":"Gender Medicine","volume":"9 5","pages":"Pages 319-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.genm.2012.08.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30907741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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