Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1721727X221078727
Xiaoxue Shi, Hongfang Wu
Adoptive immunotherapy has recently garnered widespread interests owing to the successful application of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. CAR-T cells are “living drugs” that can live in patients for several years and act as an effective antitumor agent. Over the last few years, five types of CAR-T cells have been approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of hematologic malignancies. Despite their impressive clinical efficacy, the current application of CAR-T cell therapy is restricted by the uncontrollable release of cytokines (cytokine release syndrome and cytokine release syndrome) due to serious treatment-related toxicities resulting from synchronous activation and rapid proliferation of CAR-T cells. CRS is the most common toxicity and its severity can range from low-grade physical symptoms to a high-grade syndrome linked with life-threatening multiple organ dysfunction. Treatment-related deaths from severe CRS have been reported, suggesting the importance of appropriate intervention. Gaining a better understanding of CRS and developing new treatments for CRS are active areas of laboratory and clinical research. Herein, we summarize the current studies on prevention and management of CRS to expand the safety and applicability of CAR-T cell therapy in various malignancies.
{"title":"Recent advances in the prevention and management of cytokine release syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy","authors":"Xiaoxue Shi, Hongfang Wu","doi":"10.1177/1721727X221078727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727X221078727","url":null,"abstract":"Adoptive immunotherapy has recently garnered widespread interests owing to the successful application of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy. CAR-T cells are “living drugs” that can live in patients for several years and act as an effective antitumor agent. Over the last few years, five types of CAR-T cells have been approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of hematologic malignancies. Despite their impressive clinical efficacy, the current application of CAR-T cell therapy is restricted by the uncontrollable release of cytokines (cytokine release syndrome and cytokine release syndrome) due to serious treatment-related toxicities resulting from synchronous activation and rapid proliferation of CAR-T cells. CRS is the most common toxicity and its severity can range from low-grade physical symptoms to a high-grade syndrome linked with life-threatening multiple organ dysfunction. Treatment-related deaths from severe CRS have been reported, suggesting the importance of appropriate intervention. Gaining a better understanding of CRS and developing new treatments for CRS are active areas of laboratory and clinical research. Herein, we summarize the current studies on prevention and management of CRS to expand the safety and applicability of CAR-T cell therapy in various malignancies.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44935104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/20587392211044381
Xulin Zhou, Yongmin Yan, Min Xu
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal diseases around the world, for hardly detection and poor prognosis. Recent years, functions of the tumor microenvironment and immune cells attract people’s view and there is emerging evidence implicating some immune cells hold the key points in the metabolism, invasion, and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. In this review, we highlight some main immune cells, such as Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and macrophages (TAMs), Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and Regulatory T cells (Tregs). Furthermore, we review current clinical applications and discuss potential values in future.
{"title":"Immune cell responses in pancreatic cancer and their clinical application","authors":"Xulin Zhou, Yongmin Yan, Min Xu","doi":"10.1177/20587392211044381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20587392211044381","url":null,"abstract":"Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal diseases around the world, for hardly detection and poor prognosis. Recent years, functions of the tumor microenvironment and immune cells attract people’s view and there is emerging evidence implicating some immune cells hold the key points in the metabolism, invasion, and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. In this review, we highlight some main immune cells, such as Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and macrophages (TAMs), Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and Regulatory T cells (Tregs). Furthermore, we review current clinical applications and discuss potential values in future.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44765264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1721727X221122718
Jingjing Dong, Xiaoyin Peng
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, while its diagnosis is still a challenge in children. Here, six children with atypical TBM were retrospectively reviewed and the main findings were displayed as follows. The enrolled cases exhibited non-specific symptoms on admission, mainly including fever (n = 5), headache (n = 3), vomiting (n = 5), and drowsiness (n = 3), but no typical symptoms of TB infection. Two of them exhibited progressive symptoms under routine treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations revealed increased white blood cells and proteins, as well as decreased glucose and chloride in all cases. Chest imaging identified the possibly of pulmonary tuberculous in 2 cases. Cranial CT and MRI revealed neuroimaging abnormality in 1 and 3 cases, respectively. In addition, next-generation sequencing directly supported the diagnosis of TBM in case 5. To sum up, TBM should be highly suspected in children with central nervous system infection, when there are no improvements under routine treatment and/or the presence of progressive symptoms. Timely rechecking of CSF combined with cranial imaging is feasible and valuable for the diagnosis of TBM.
{"title":"The diagnostic challenge of atypical tuberculous meningitis in children from rural area","authors":"Jingjing Dong, Xiaoyin Peng","doi":"10.1177/1721727X221122718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727X221122718","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, while its diagnosis is still a challenge in children. Here, six children with atypical TBM were retrospectively reviewed and the main findings were displayed as follows. The enrolled cases exhibited non-specific symptoms on admission, mainly including fever (n = 5), headache (n = 3), vomiting (n = 5), and drowsiness (n = 3), but no typical symptoms of TB infection. Two of them exhibited progressive symptoms under routine treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations revealed increased white blood cells and proteins, as well as decreased glucose and chloride in all cases. Chest imaging identified the possibly of pulmonary tuberculous in 2 cases. Cranial CT and MRI revealed neuroimaging abnormality in 1 and 3 cases, respectively. In addition, next-generation sequencing directly supported the diagnosis of TBM in case 5. To sum up, TBM should be highly suspected in children with central nervous system infection, when there are no improvements under routine treatment and/or the presence of progressive symptoms. Timely rechecking of CSF combined with cranial imaging is feasible and valuable for the diagnosis of TBM.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45537692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1721727X221094455
Yi Li, Y. Shao, Yan He, Qiugen Li, L. Duan
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune activation and multi-immunologic phenotypes. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has been shown to be a critical and pleiotropic immunoregulatory mediator in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. At present, there are conflicting findings in the research of IL-33 in SLE. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether and how IL-33 is involved in the occurrence and development of SLE. Methods 43 SLE patients and 43 healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. Serum levels of IL-33, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-21 were measured by ELISA. The expression of IL-33 was investigated in kidney sections by immunohistochemistry in lupus nephritis patients (n = 5) and controls (n = 3). The mRNA expressions of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2, and tumorigenicity 2 (ST2)L were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by real-time PCR. The surface expression of TLR4 on T cells, B cells, monocytes, and neutrophils was assessed by flow cytometry (n = 22). Mann–Whitney U-test and Spearman’s test were used for statistical analysis. Results Serum concentrations of IL-33 were significantly higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). IL-33 expressions were positively correlated with IL-4 and IL-6 levels in SLE patients, which play pivotal roles in the autoantibody production. In addition, TLR4 and TLR2 mRNA were markedly increased in PBMCs from SLE patients (p < 0.05). TLR4 was positively associated with IL-33, while TLR2 was not. Conclusions These results imply that upregulated expression of serum IL-33 together with increased TLR4 in PBMCs may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE via promotion of inflammatory cytokines production.
{"title":"Potential role of interleukin-33 in systemic lupus erythematosus by regulating toll like receptor 4","authors":"Yi Li, Y. Shao, Yan He, Qiugen Li, L. Duan","doi":"10.1177/1721727X221094455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727X221094455","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune activation and multi-immunologic phenotypes. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) has been shown to be a critical and pleiotropic immunoregulatory mediator in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. At present, there are conflicting findings in the research of IL-33 in SLE. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether and how IL-33 is involved in the occurrence and development of SLE. Methods 43 SLE patients and 43 healthy volunteers were recruited for this study. Serum levels of IL-33, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-21 were measured by ELISA. The expression of IL-33 was investigated in kidney sections by immunohistochemistry in lupus nephritis patients (n = 5) and controls (n = 3). The mRNA expressions of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2, and tumorigenicity 2 (ST2)L were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by real-time PCR. The surface expression of TLR4 on T cells, B cells, monocytes, and neutrophils was assessed by flow cytometry (n = 22). Mann–Whitney U-test and Spearman’s test were used for statistical analysis. Results Serum concentrations of IL-33 were significantly higher in SLE patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). IL-33 expressions were positively correlated with IL-4 and IL-6 levels in SLE patients, which play pivotal roles in the autoantibody production. In addition, TLR4 and TLR2 mRNA were markedly increased in PBMCs from SLE patients (p < 0.05). TLR4 was positively associated with IL-33, while TLR2 was not. Conclusions These results imply that upregulated expression of serum IL-33 together with increased TLR4 in PBMCs may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE via promotion of inflammatory cytokines production.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":"24 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41261754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1721727X221126117
Li-da Chen, Lan Hu, Yang Song, Yaping Huang, Si-jiu Yang, Juan Yang, Xiao-bin Zhang
Objectives: Association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and kidney injury has been noted in previous studies. However, the mechanisms remain unknown. The present study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of kidney injury in COVID-19. Methods: Demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, signs, symptoms, and laboratory data of 100 COVID-19 patients were collected and analyzed in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe to critical group. Kidney injury was evaluated by markers including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and cystatin C. Results: A total of 100 patients with 12 mild, 63 moderate, and 25 severe to critical COVID-19 were included in this study. The kidney injury markers including eGFR, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and cystatin C all worsened significantly with an increase in disease severity. The correlation test showed that cytokines IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were statistically correlated with eGFR and cystatin C. In multivariate analysis, log IL-6 (β = −0.331, p = .001 for eGFR and β = 0.405, p < .001 for cystatin C) and log TNF-α (β = −0.316, p = .001 for eGFR and β = 0.534, p < .001 for cystatin C) were found to be the major independent predictors of kidney injury. Conclusion: Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were the major independent predictors of kidney injury in COVID-19.
{"title":"Role of serum IL-6 and TNF-α in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated renal impairment","authors":"Li-da Chen, Lan Hu, Yang Song, Yaping Huang, Si-jiu Yang, Juan Yang, Xiao-bin Zhang","doi":"10.1177/1721727X221126117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727X221126117","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and kidney injury has been noted in previous studies. However, the mechanisms remain unknown. The present study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of kidney injury in COVID-19. Methods: Demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, signs, symptoms, and laboratory data of 100 COVID-19 patients were collected and analyzed in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe to critical group. Kidney injury was evaluated by markers including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and cystatin C. Results: A total of 100 patients with 12 mild, 63 moderate, and 25 severe to critical COVID-19 were included in this study. The kidney injury markers including eGFR, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and cystatin C all worsened significantly with an increase in disease severity. The correlation test showed that cytokines IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were statistically correlated with eGFR and cystatin C. In multivariate analysis, log IL-6 (β = −0.331, p = .001 for eGFR and β = 0.405, p < .001 for cystatin C) and log TNF-α (β = −0.316, p = .001 for eGFR and β = 0.534, p < .001 for cystatin C) were found to be the major independent predictors of kidney injury. Conclusion: Serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were the major independent predictors of kidney injury in COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44024949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To explore the relationship between IL-17 mediated immune response and HPV-negative cervical cancer, we established the co-culture system of cervical cancer C-33A cells and PBMC, and treated with different concentrations of rhIL-17. PBMC were extracted from 10ml anticoagulant blood provided by healthy female volunteers and colleagues in our hospital, which were co-cultured with cervical cancer C-33A cells. After treatment with different concentrations of rhIL-17, the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion behavior and VEGF expression level of cancer cells in each group, were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, transwell invasion assay and ELISA, respectively. The proliferation rate of C-33A cells slightly increased with the ascending of IL-17 concentration, but no statistical significance was found among each group (P > 0.05). When at low concentration of IL-17, the cell apoptosis rate seems to slightly decline. With the increase of concentration, the decrease of apoptosis rate became more obvious (P < 0.05). However, differing from those shown above, we found that IL-17 slightly inhibited the cancer cell invasion at high concentration, while it was more obvious at low concentration (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that there was no significant correlation between IL-17 and VEGF (P > 0.05). In summary, there is a close correlation between IL-17 mediated immune response and HPV-negative cervical cancer. Also, we think that IL-17 may play a dual role in tumor progression and could be a possible significant influence on tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis, which provides a basic theoretical basis for the further study of immunotherapy measures for cervical cancer.
{"title":"The dual role of interleukin-17 in the growth of human papillomavirus-negative cervical cancer cells","authors":"Yi-ling Pan, Xishao Luo, Jinghang Ma, Zhen Feng, Yan Hu, Jisen Xue","doi":"10.1177/1721727X221128089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727X221128089","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the relationship between IL-17 mediated immune response and HPV-negative cervical cancer, we established the co-culture system of cervical cancer C-33A cells and PBMC, and treated with different concentrations of rhIL-17. PBMC were extracted from 10ml anticoagulant blood provided by healthy female volunteers and colleagues in our hospital, which were co-cultured with cervical cancer C-33A cells. After treatment with different concentrations of rhIL-17, the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion behavior and VEGF expression level of cancer cells in each group, were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, transwell invasion assay and ELISA, respectively. The proliferation rate of C-33A cells slightly increased with the ascending of IL-17 concentration, but no statistical significance was found among each group (P > 0.05). When at low concentration of IL-17, the cell apoptosis rate seems to slightly decline. With the increase of concentration, the decrease of apoptosis rate became more obvious (P < 0.05). However, differing from those shown above, we found that IL-17 slightly inhibited the cancer cell invasion at high concentration, while it was more obvious at low concentration (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that there was no significant correlation between IL-17 and VEGF (P > 0.05). In summary, there is a close correlation between IL-17 mediated immune response and HPV-negative cervical cancer. Also, we think that IL-17 may play a dual role in tumor progression and could be a possible significant influence on tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis, which provides a basic theoretical basis for the further study of immunotherapy measures for cervical cancer.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41836873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives The lung cancer is most frequently diagnosed cancer incidence worldwide. A large number of populations are heavily affected to this every year with poor prognosis. Methods Our study investigated the anticancer effect of alternariol, a secondary metabolite, on A549 lung cancer cell line and benzo-α-pyrene induced lung carcinoma model on balb/c mice. The cytotoxicity assay, DAPI staining and the flow cytometry was performed to assess the anticancer efficacy of alternariol in A549 lung cancer cell. For in vivo study the toxicity study was performed. The lung cancer was developed in the animals via intraperitoneal administration of benzo-α-pyrene and subsequently 2 weeks later alternariol treatment was carried out for 24 weeks. The chemotherapeutic effect of alternariol was assessed through histopathological analysis, followed by immunohistochemistry and in vivo antioxidant study. Results The in vitro data suggested a significant percentage of early and late apoptotic events in A549 cells with G0/G1 phase arrest which ultimately caused apoptosis followed by alternariol therapy. The in vivo study showed that alternariol therapy decreased the pulmonary fibrosis and formation of granuloma in lung tissue and restored the normal histopathological characteristics of lung. Furthermore, alternariol treatment downregulated the expression of PI3K, Akt and inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-α and increased the expression of apoptotic markers, p53. Conclusion In conclusion, the treatment with alternariol effectively decreased the progression of lung cancer through the inhibition of carcinogenic markers by reprogramming the p53/PI3K/Akt pathway and IL-6/TNF-α mediated cytokine signaling in mice.
{"title":"Alternariol ameliorates lung carcinoma via reprogramming cytokine signaling associated with PI3K/Akt cascade in vitro and in vivo","authors":"Qiufang Li, Yanzi Yang, Xiaokai Wang, Xiaopeng Yang, Yao-Jie Zhao, Qiuge Wu, Yanli Zhao","doi":"10.1177/1721727X221106505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727X221106505","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives The lung cancer is most frequently diagnosed cancer incidence worldwide. A large number of populations are heavily affected to this every year with poor prognosis. Methods Our study investigated the anticancer effect of alternariol, a secondary metabolite, on A549 lung cancer cell line and benzo-α-pyrene induced lung carcinoma model on balb/c mice. The cytotoxicity assay, DAPI staining and the flow cytometry was performed to assess the anticancer efficacy of alternariol in A549 lung cancer cell. For in vivo study the toxicity study was performed. The lung cancer was developed in the animals via intraperitoneal administration of benzo-α-pyrene and subsequently 2 weeks later alternariol treatment was carried out for 24 weeks. The chemotherapeutic effect of alternariol was assessed through histopathological analysis, followed by immunohistochemistry and in vivo antioxidant study. Results The in vitro data suggested a significant percentage of early and late apoptotic events in A549 cells with G0/G1 phase arrest which ultimately caused apoptosis followed by alternariol therapy. The in vivo study showed that alternariol therapy decreased the pulmonary fibrosis and formation of granuloma in lung tissue and restored the normal histopathological characteristics of lung. Furthermore, alternariol treatment downregulated the expression of PI3K, Akt and inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-α and increased the expression of apoptotic markers, p53. Conclusion In conclusion, the treatment with alternariol effectively decreased the progression of lung cancer through the inhibition of carcinogenic markers by reprogramming the p53/PI3K/Akt pathway and IL-6/TNF-α mediated cytokine signaling in mice.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46541900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1721727X221138857
Ting He, Wei Liu, Chuan-an Shen
Inflammation is part of the complex biological response to harmful stimuli, such as cell damage, pathogens, or irritants. An excessive inflammatory response can lead to a variety of diseases. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous glycoprotein that belongs to the superfamily of serine protease inhibitors and has multiple biological activities. Accumulating evidence suggests that PEDF participates in various inflammatory-related diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and retinal diseases. However, the mechanism is still incompletely understood. In this paper, we review the anti-inflammatory properties of PEDF and discuss the underlying mechanisms. PEDF can exert its anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of inflammatory factors, promoting the synthesis of anti-inflammatory factors, inhibiting the activation of proinflammatory pathways and activating anti-inflammatory pathways. Examining the function of PEDF in inflammation addresses the need for further investigation and subsequent target-specific strategies for inflammatory disorders.
{"title":"Anti-inflammatory properties of pigment epithelium-derived factor","authors":"Ting He, Wei Liu, Chuan-an Shen","doi":"10.1177/1721727X221138857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727X221138857","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammation is part of the complex biological response to harmful stimuli, such as cell damage, pathogens, or irritants. An excessive inflammatory response can lead to a variety of diseases. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous glycoprotein that belongs to the superfamily of serine protease inhibitors and has multiple biological activities. Accumulating evidence suggests that PEDF participates in various inflammatory-related diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and retinal diseases. However, the mechanism is still incompletely understood. In this paper, we review the anti-inflammatory properties of PEDF and discuss the underlying mechanisms. PEDF can exert its anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of inflammatory factors, promoting the synthesis of anti-inflammatory factors, inhibiting the activation of proinflammatory pathways and activating anti-inflammatory pathways. Examining the function of PEDF in inflammation addresses the need for further investigation and subsequent target-specific strategies for inflammatory disorders.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46910385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1721727X221091540
Jianping Zheng, T. Cui, Yu Gao, Ting Li
Introduction: The effectiveness of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor has been reported. However, the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and its clinical management of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have not been fully understood. We aimed to analyze the irAEs and its ICIs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1. Methods: The retrospective analysis was performed on the irAEs of cancer patients treated with anti-PD1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies from January 2020 to August 2021 including 240 patients/547 cycles. The following aspects including the categories and the grades of the adverse events (AEs), the time of onset and duration, management plan, and prognosis were evaluated. Results: Among 240 patients, 93 patients (38.75%) experienced irAEs, and 10 patients (4.16%) had AEs that involved multiple organ systems at the same time. There were 83 cases (34.58%) of grade 1–2 AEs and 10 cases (4.17%) of grade three and above AEs. AEs above grade three included five cases of grade three AEs (3 cases of hepatic toxicity, one case of colitis, and one case of skin toxicity), three cases of grade four AEs (pneumonia); and 2 cases of grade five AEs (two deaths due to pneumonia). The complete remission of AEs was achieved in 10 patients by corticosteroid impulse therapy, maintenance therapy, and symptomatic therapy. Among them, six cases continued to use anti-PD1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, two cases stopped, and two patients died from systemic multi-organ failure due to the delayed observation of autoimmune pneumonia. IrAEs occurred at different times and durations in different systems or organs. Conclusion: The safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors was approved in clinical applications. The prevalence of grade three and above AEs is relatively low. Timely diagnosis and early glucocorticoid therapies are adequate and effective approaches for the management of irAEs.
{"title":"Retrospective analysis of immune-related adverse events of the immune checkpoint inhibitors of PD-1/PD-l1 in the Fujian provincial hospital","authors":"Jianping Zheng, T. Cui, Yu Gao, Ting Li","doi":"10.1177/1721727X221091540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1721727X221091540","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The effectiveness of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor has been reported. However, the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and its clinical management of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have not been fully understood. We aimed to analyze the irAEs and its ICIs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1. Methods: The retrospective analysis was performed on the irAEs of cancer patients treated with anti-PD1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies from January 2020 to August 2021 including 240 patients/547 cycles. The following aspects including the categories and the grades of the adverse events (AEs), the time of onset and duration, management plan, and prognosis were evaluated. Results: Among 240 patients, 93 patients (38.75%) experienced irAEs, and 10 patients (4.16%) had AEs that involved multiple organ systems at the same time. There were 83 cases (34.58%) of grade 1–2 AEs and 10 cases (4.17%) of grade three and above AEs. AEs above grade three included five cases of grade three AEs (3 cases of hepatic toxicity, one case of colitis, and one case of skin toxicity), three cases of grade four AEs (pneumonia); and 2 cases of grade five AEs (two deaths due to pneumonia). The complete remission of AEs was achieved in 10 patients by corticosteroid impulse therapy, maintenance therapy, and symptomatic therapy. Among them, six cases continued to use anti-PD1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies, two cases stopped, and two patients died from systemic multi-organ failure due to the delayed observation of autoimmune pneumonia. IrAEs occurred at different times and durations in different systems or organs. Conclusion: The safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors was approved in clinical applications. The prevalence of grade three and above AEs is relatively low. Timely diagnosis and early glucocorticoid therapies are adequate and effective approaches for the management of irAEs.","PeriodicalId":55162,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Inflammation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48647137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/1721727X221086530
Farzad Izak-Shirian, Maryam Najafi-Asl, Behzad Azami, E. Heidarian, M. Najafi, Mansoor Khaledi, A. Nouri
Diclofenac (DIC) is administrated to treat pain, inflammatory disorders, and dysmenorrhea but kidney problems are the main worries of the agent. The literature has revealed that quercetin (QR) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant attributes. This study aims to highlight the possible nephroprotective effects of QR on DIC-exposed rats. In this study, the animals after exposure to DIC (50 mg/kg, i.p) were administrated to QR (100 mg/kg, p.o). Then, the levels, as well as the activity of several oxidant and anti-oxidant mediators, were evaluated. Our results showed that DIC treatment was coupled with the elevation in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and some pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, NF-κB, and IL-1β, suggesting that probably this agent exert its toxicity in the kidney tissue through inducing both oxidative stress and inflammation. Interestingly, QR was successful in restoring the activity of antioxidant compounds such as GSH, GPx, SOD, and CAT in the kidney tissue of DIC-treated rats. Moreover, in the presence of QR, DIC was unable to increase the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that perhaps QR might have anti-inflammatory properties. In agreement with this, the results of the histopathological evaluation also showed that while DIC increased the lymphocyte infiltration into the kidney tissue, QR reduced the number of lymphocytes in DIC-treated rats. The results revealed that QR exerted a supportive effect against diclofenac-induced renal injury in male rats through modulation of oxidative stress and mitigation of inflammatory response.
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