Dental Traumatology最新文献

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to examine the timing of pulp necrosis, ankylosis, and tooth loss in intruded permanent teeth based on the stage of root development, degree of intrusion, and initial treatment.

Materials and methods: In this retrospective study of intruded permanent teeth between 2013 and 2021, data from 112 teeth in 77 patients were reviewed. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox Proportional Hazards Model were conducted to compare hazards and time to necrosis, ankylosis, and tooth loss (extraction or decoronation) in different groups.

Results: Majority of the patients (N=64, 84.4%) were 6-11 years old and male (N=46, 59.7%). The mean age was 8.8 years (Standard Deviation = 2.6) and the median age was 8 years old. Fifty-nine teeth (52.7%) were immature, and 53 teeth (47.3%) were mature. Two years post-injury, mature teeth, teeth with severe intrusion, and surgically repositioned teeth were more likely to experience necrosis (survival probabilities 11%, 17% and 13% respectively). The hazard of pulp necrosis in mature teeth was significantly higher than in immature teeth (HR = 4.30, p < 0.001). Two years post-injury, mature teeth, severely intruded teeth, and surgically repositioned teeth were more likely to experience ankylosis (survival probabilities 47%, 55% and 42% respectively), but the differences were not significant in Cox regression analysis. Two years post-injury, mature teeth, severely intruded, and surgically repositioned teeth were more likely to experience tooth loss (survival probabilities 55%, 57% and 55% respectively). The hazard of tooth loss was significantly higher in moderate and severe intrusions compared to mild intrusion (HR = 16.85, HR = 13.92, p = 0.01 respectively).

Conclusions: The results indicate that the risk of pulp necrosis, ankylosis, and tooth loss increased with mature apex, increasing degree of intrusion, and surgical repositioning. Cox proportional hazard models showed significant associations between pulp necrosis and mature root development, and between tooth loss and degree of intrusion.

Aim: Tooth fracture is one of the most common complications of dental trauma, which needs to be addressed on an emergency basis. The pressing demand for reliable information has prompted both professionals and laypersons to turn to video-sharing platforms like YouTube and Vimeo for guidance regarding the management of tooth fractures among local users. These platforms have emerged as significant sources for advice on dental emergencies; however, the trustworthiness and precision of the information provided have not been thoroughly examined. This research sought to evaluate the quality, accuracy, and reliability of videos on YouTube and Vimeo that address the management of tooth fractures.

Materials and methods: A search was conducted on YouTube and Vimeo between November 11, 2024, and February 27, 2025, using terms related to the management of tooth or dental fractures, and 92 videos were included for analysis. Demographic information for the videos, including platform, length, category, upload date, number of likes, and comments, was documented. The assessment of video content quality, reliability, and accuracy was conducted utilizing the Global Quality Scale (GQS), benchmarks from the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and the Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI).

Results: In total, 92 videos were examined. The average scores were JAMA: 3 ± 1, modified DISCERN: 53 ± 11, GQS: 3 ± 1, and VIQI: 5 ± 1. Statistically significant differences were observed across video types in key parameters such as the DISCERN score (YouTube: p = 0.002; Vimeo: p < 0.001), JAMA benchmark (YouTube: p = 0.045; Vimeo: p = 0.002), GQS, VIQI, and overall video evaluation (p < 0.001), emphasizing that video format, video posted, target audience, and platform influence educational impact. With the highest mean views (983,441) and significantly elevated DISCERN (63 ± 9) and JAMA scores (3 ± 1), actual procedure videos exemplify strong informational reliability and public trust.

Conclusion: The research indicates that, although the majority of the videos on managing tooth fractures are produced by dental professionals, their overall quality is subpar. This highlights the potential dangers of relying on misleading or insufficient information in these important circumstances.

Background: Domestic abuse (DA) frequently results in injuries to the head, neck, and orofacial regions. Despite the visibility of these injuries, many survivors do not access formal medical or dental care because of fear, stigma, or systemic barriers. Reddit, an anonymous online platform, offers a unique opportunity to examine unfiltered victims/survivors' narratives shared in public forums. The aim of this study was to explore how DA, particularly its physical, psychological, and social impacts, was represented, perceived, and discussed on Reddit. Special attention was given to posts describing injuries to the head, neck, and orofacial region, to understand how victims/survivors narrated their experiences, sought support, and navigated disclosure in anonymous digital spaces.

Methods: This study employed web scraping to analyze Reddit posts from four domestic abuse-related subreddits (r/AbuseInterrupted, r/DomesticAbuse, r/DomesticViolence, and r/domesticviolence) using Python's Reddit API Wrapper (PRAW). Posts were filtered using anatomical keywords relevant to dental and maxillofacial trauma. After cleaning and manual review, first-person accounts referencing injuries to the head, neck, or orofacial area underwent qualitative thematic analysis and quantitative content analysis.

Results: A total of 588 Reddit posts related to DA were initially collected. Of the 588 posts, 153 (26.0%) met the inclusion criteria and were retained for analysis. Analysis of the 153 posts meeting the inclusion criteria revealed the most affected regions in DA victims, with frequent descriptions of physical abuse including slapping, grabbing, strangulation, and blunt-force trauma. Thematic analysis identified four central themes: (1) visible injuries, (2) barriers to accessing medical and dental care, (3) psychological and emotional consequences of abuse, and (4) inconsistent responses from healthcare and legal systems.

Conclusions: Oral and Maxillofacial injuries may serve as critical red flags of domestic abuse. Even when visible, they are often overlooked by healthcare providers. The findings of this study underscore the need for trauma-informed training among dental professionals and support the integration of domestic abuse screening protocols into routine oral health care. Additionally, the ethical use of web scraping presents a valuable tool for public health research by amplifying survivor voices and helping to identify intervention gaps that may be missed in clinical or institutional data.

Background/aim: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are a significant global oral health concern. As future practitioners, dental students must possess sufficient knowledge and skills to manage these injuries effectively. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ToothSOS mobile application in enhancing undergraduate dental students' knowledge of the emergency management of TDIs.

Materials and methods: A total of 210 undergraduate dental students from the 3rd, 4th, and 5th academic years participated in this comparative study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (ToothSOS) or the control group. Both groups completed a 15-item questionnaire assessing their knowledge of TDI emergency management at baseline (pretest) and again after 4 weeks (posttest). During the posttest, the intervention group had access to the ToothSOS application, whereas the control group completed the assessment unaided. Statistical analyzes included the Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in posttest scores compared to pretest results; however, the ToothSOS group showed a significantly greater increase, with a mean score of 8.70 ± 1.75 compared to 7.20 ± 2.16 in the control group (p < 0.001). Subgroup analyzes indicated that the ToothSOS group achieved significantly higher posttest scores across all examined variables including gender, academic year, prior dental trauma education, awareness of the application, and previous app use (p < 0.05 for all comparisons).

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that even the patient-directed section of the ToothSOS mobile application can significantly improve dental students' knowledge and decision-making accuracy regarding traumatic dental injuries. Thoughtful integration of mobile applications like ToothSOS into dental curricula may meaningfully enhance both academic development and early-stage preparedness for real-world emergency situations.

Introduction/objectives: This study investigated the influence of raster angles on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed facial protectors using polylactic acid and thermoplastic polyurethane materials.

Materials and methods: Shore D hardness, impact resistance, tensile, and compression tests were conducted to evaluate material performance under different printing orientations.

Results: Polylactic acid maintains relative hardness consistency regardless of the printing orientation, while thermoplastic polyurethane exhibits greater variability. In terms of impact resistance, thermoplastic polyurethane outperformed polylactic acid, making it more suitable for applications requiring high energy absorption. Tensile tests revealed that raster orientation significantly affected the mechanical properties, with polylactic acid showing higher tensile strength at 0° raster and thermoplastic polyurethane demonstrating greater ductility. In compression, polylactic acid maintained more consistent strength, whereas thermoplastic polyurethane showed greater variability.

Conclusions: The material type and print orientation selection should be tailored to specific application needs, highlighting the advantages of 3D printing for customizing and optimizing facial protection devices.

Cemental tear (CeT) is a rare clinical finding characterized by a partial or complete detachment of a portion of the cementum from the root surface. CeT is a well-documented condition in the adult population, particularly among older individuals with periodontal disease, occlusal stress, or traumatic dental injuries (TDI). The prevalence of CeT in adults ranges from 0.9% to 2%. However, CeT has not been previously reported in the pediatric population. Approximately, one in three children experiences TDI, which subjects the teeth to a magnitude of force that can lead to cemental separation in both mature and immature anterior teeth. The clinical and radiographic features of CeT overlap with those of endodontic-periodontal lesions. Hence, it is assumed that CeT is seldom encountered in children, leading to missed or delayed diagnosis and treatment. This case series provides reports of a 13-year-old male and a 10-year-old female with CeT following TDI affecting maxillary central incisors. The clinical examination showed signs of TDI, while radiographs demonstrated a detached cemental fragment without pulpal involvement. The location of the finding warranted conservative management. This report reviews incidence, clinico-radiographic diagnosis, and management of CeT. This report also provides a novel radiographic classification of CeT secondary to TDI for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent sequelae and maintain long-term tooth function.

Introduction: Sports-related traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are common among young athletes, particularly in contact sports like basketball. Although most TDIs are preventable with mouthguard use and prompt first aid, awareness levels remain low. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of TDIs, knowledge of emergency management, and mouthguard awareness among youth basketball players in Turkey.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 125 youth basketball players from 25 randomly selected teams in the 2024-2025 season. Participants completed a 12-item online questionnaire covering demographics, TDI history, emergency management knowledge, and mouthguard use. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for data analysis.

Results: Among the participants, 16.8% reported experiencing a dental injury while playing basketball, with tooth fractures being the most common type (57.1%). Only 29.6% were aware that timely replantation of an avulsed tooth improves prognosis. Mouthguard usage was notably low, with only 7.2% reporting any use. The most frequently cited reason for not using a mouthguard was the perception that it was unnecessary (41.1%). Experience with dental trauma and knowledge of emergency management were significantly associated with years of basketball participation (p < 0.05), whereas no demographic factors were significantly related to mouthguard use.

Conclusion: Youth basketball players in Turkey show limited awareness of TDI management and low mouthguard usage. Educational programs for athletes, coaches, and parents are important to raise awareness, encourage prevention, and improve emergency response, especially among young athletes.

Background/aim: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the factors affecting family physicians' knowledge of dental trauma and their awareness of the ToothSOS mobile application.

Materials and methods: Google Forms was used to construct a survey with 10 questions, and participants received links to the survey through email and a mobile application. Evaluations were conducted on the family physicians' demographics, degree of traumatic dental injury knowledge, and awareness of the ToothSOS smartphone app. The questions were developed from a similar study using the latest guidelines from the International Association of Dental Traumatology.

Results: In total, 210 family physicians, 47.6% of whom were female, took part in the study. The accurate answer rates showed statistically significant variations depending on experience on the following topics: the management of an avulsed primary tooth (p = 0.01); antiseptic rinsing solutions being recommended (p = 0.39); the choice of antibacterial agent (p = 0.18); and the correlation between age group and dental trauma accompanied by soft tissue injuries (p = 0.04). Their professional title did not influence their answers. Despite 94.8% of participants being unaware of the ToothSOS application, 80% said they would prefer to use it in future procedures, and the intention to use the ToothSOS app was statistically significant for both professional status (p = 0.021) and genders (p = 0.038). Participants who were professors and assistants in family medicine departments, and female participants had a statistically higher rate.

Conclusions: With the exception of the questions about avulsion injuries and the most frequently traumatized tooth, family physicians' understanding of oral trauma was adequate. Doctors with less experience in family medicine possess a more accurate understanding of the subject. The most important conclusion was that the participants were not aware of the ToothSOS mobile application, highlighting the importance of keeping family physicians abreast of the latest advances in dental traumatology.

Aim: To assess the eruption patterns and progression of external replacement root resorption of eight teeth that were avulsed and had delayed replantation treated by regenerative endodontic treatment (RET).

Methodology: In total, 102 traumatised anterior teeth were treated with regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) between December 2016 and December 2023. Of the 17 teeth that had avulsed, 8 that had been replanted after at least 30 min subsequently developed external inflammatory root resorption (EIRR). Patient ages ranged between 8 and 11 years. The RET followed the IADT 2020 guidelines and the protocol of the American Association of Endodontists guidelines. Under rubber dam, the teeth were accessed, the canals disinfected with 3% sodium hypochlorite, and dressed with a triple antibiotic paste consisting of metronidazole, cefuroxime, and ciprofloxacin. At the second visit, the canal was filled with plasma-rich fibrin (PRF) after ensuring bleeding from the periapical tissues. A resorbable collagen tape was placed above the PRF and covered with Biodentine, followed by a permanent restoration. The patients were followed up for 18-72 months.

Results: The eight avulsed teeth with delayed replantation diagnosed with pulp necrosis and EIRR were treated with RET, which arrested the EIRR. The teeth were subsequently diagnosed with external replacement root resorption (ERRR), which was generally progressive and classified as slow, moderate, or fast. The striking finding was that seven of the eight teeth did not develop infraposition, a showing favorable eruption patterns despite progressive and advancing ERRR. The remaining tooth developed only slight infraposition despite progressive ERRR. None of the teeth were lost, and in all cases, the alveolar ridge was preserved.

Conclusion: RET appeared to prevent the development of infraposition expected in teeth with delayed replantation following avulsion, due to its promotion of favorable eruption. RET may offer the most effective endodontic solution after avulsion and reimplantation, as it arrests EIRR and can preserve the alveolar ridge height and gingival line by preventing the occurrence of ankylosis, thereby eliminating the need for decoronation.

Background: Dental erosion, the irreversible loss of enamel due to acid exposure, is increasingly observed among adolescents and athletes, primarily due to frequent consumption of acidic energy and sports drinks. These beverages, while marketed for performance enhancement, can lead to significant enamel demineralization, especially under reduced salivary flow during intense activity. This in vitro study evaluated the erosive potential of commercially available energy and sports drinks on human enamel and assessed the protective effects of three toothpaste formulations fluoride-based, herbal based and NovaMin-based.

Materials and methods: Forty extracted human premolars were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): Group I (fluoridated toothpaste), Group II (Herbal toothpaste), Group III (NovaMin-based toothpaste), and Group IV (erosion control, no brushing). Baseline surface micro-hardness was measured using the Vickers hardness test. Following brushing simulation, specimens were exposed to Monster Energy and Gatorade for seven days. Post-treatment micro-hardness was assessed and data were analyzed statistically.

Results: All test groups showed significantly higher enamel micro-hardness compared to the control group. A significant increase in Mean Vickers Hardness Number was observed from baseline to post-treatment across all test groups. Pepsodent Germicheck (fluoridated toothpaste) showed the greatest protective effect, with mean post-treatment hardness values of 176.11 (Monster Energy) and 165.18 (Gatorade), with corresponding mean differences of 91.82 and 102.75 (p = 0.01).

Conclusion: Fluoride and NovaMin toothpastes significantly reduce enamel erosion from acidic drinks. Herbal dentifrices offered limited protection. Preventive strategies, including remineralizing toothpaste use and awareness of beverage acidity, are essential to combat dental erosion.