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Clinical Efficacy of CBCT and 3D-Printed Replicas in Molar Autotransplantation: A Controlled Clinical Trial. CBCT 和 3D 打印复制品在磨牙自体移植中的临床疗效:临床对照试验
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1111/edt.13012
Miks Lejnieks, Ilze Akota, Gundega Jākobsone, Laura Neimane, Sergio E Uribe

Background/aim: To evaluate the efficacy of the combined cone-beam (CBCT)/3D-replicas protocol on the clinical and radiographic outcomes of autotransplanted molars.

Material and methods: Controlled clinical trial registered ISRCTN13563091 from August 2019 to September 2022. Patients aged 13-22 years requiring permanent premolar extraction and having at least one non-erupted third molar were enrolled at the Institute of Stomatology, Stradins University, Riga, Latvia. Patients in the 3D-replicas (n = 30) underwent maxillary CBCT scans and had 3D-printed replicas of the third molar fabricated, while the control group (n = 28) did not. The clinical outcomes included tooth mobility, bleeding on probing, and periodontal pocket depth assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months. The radiographic outcomes included root development, obliteration, periapical status, and crown changes at 12 months.

Results: Of the 55 patients assigned to interventions, 46 completed the study. No significant differences in survival and radiographic outcomes were found between the control (n = 22) and 3D-replica group (n = 24): root development (p = 0.3), root resorption (p = 0.057), periapical status (p = 0.7), and crown/root ratio change (p = 0.4). Logistic regression showed no significant associations between radiologic predictors (root resorption: p = 0.4; periapical status: p > 0.9; root development: p = 0.8). Significant clinical outcome predictors included total operative time (β = 0.0043, p = 0.049), Moorrees' stage (stage 4: β = -0.31, p < 0.001; stage 5: β = -0.39, p < 0.001), and four donor placement times (β = 0.93, p < 0.001), but group assignment was not a significant predictor.

Conclusions: The CBCT/3D-replica protocol showed no significant differences in the clinical or radiological outcomes. The high success rates in both groups suggest that the protocol is valuable primarily for optimizing surgical efficiency and as a training tool for clinicians.

背景/目的:评估锥形束(CBCT)/三维重建联合方案对自体移植磨牙临床和放射学结果的疗效:2019年8月至2022年9月注册的ISRCTN13563091对照临床试验。拉脱维亚里加斯特拉金斯大学口腔医学研究所招募了13-22岁需要拔除永久性前磨牙且至少有一颗未萌出的第三磨牙的患者。3D复制组患者(n = 30)接受了上颌CBCT扫描,并制作了第三磨牙的3D打印复制品,而对照组患者(n = 28)则没有接受扫描。临床结果包括牙齿活动度、探诊出血量和牙周袋深度,分别在 3、6 和 12 个月时进行评估。放射学结果包括牙根发育情况、磨蚀情况、根尖周状况以及 12 个月时牙冠的变化:结果:在 55 名接受干预的患者中,46 人完成了研究。对照组(22 人)和 3D-replica 组(24 人)的生存率和放射学结果无明显差异:牙根发育(p = 0.3)、牙根吸收(p = 0.057)、根尖周状况(p = 0.7)和牙冠/牙根比率变化(p = 0.4)。逻辑回归结果显示,放射学预测因素之间无明显关联(牙根吸收:p = 0.4;根尖周状态:p > 0.9;牙根发育:p = 0.8)。重要的临床结果预测因素包括总手术时间(β = 0.0043,p = 0.049)、Moorrees分期(第4期:β = -0.31,p 结论:Moorrees分期的临床结果与CBCT/3D修复的临床结果之间存在显著的相关性:CBCT/3D-replica 方案在临床和放射学结果上无显著差异。两组患者的高成功率表明,该方案主要用于优化手术效率和作为临床医生的培训工具。
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引用次数: 0
Stress Distribution in Traumatized Teeth Splinted With Fiber Localizing on Incisal/Cervical Positions: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis. 将纤维定位在切牙/牙颈部位置的创伤牙夹板应力分布:三维有限元分析。
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/edt.13005
Qian-Wen Ding, Hongjia Yang, Tianjiao Wang, Mei Lin

Background/aim: The fiber splint represents an advanced treatment for traumatized dental injuries. The complete understanding of the localization of a splint on traumatized teeth remains elusive. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the incisal/cervical positions of the fiber splint on the stress distribution of traumatized dental roots in various occlusal relationships.

Materials and methods: Three-dimensional finite element models were generated based on a cone beam computer tomogram of a patient. The incisal and cervical splints were simulated by strips that were bonded close to the incisal/cervical labial surface of traumatic teeth. Force was loaded on the incisal ridge, incisal and cervical positions on the palatal surface of each tooth to simulate the conditions of traumatized teeth during mastication. The equivalent stress (von Mises) on the traumatic teeth and abutment teeth was calculated by Ansys software (version 2021, R1).

Results: The incisal splint effectively transferred the stress from the traumatized tooth roots to the abutment teeth when force was loaded on the incisal ridge and incisal and cervical positions on the palatal surface. Nevertheless, the reduction effect was notably diminished when the cervical splint was used. Notably, in cases of cervical splints, with a loading force on the incisal ridge, there is an increase in stress on the roots of traumatized teeth, which poses a disadvantage in the management of traumatic dental injuries.

Conclusion: The incisal splint demonstrated a more effective transfer of stress from the roots of the traumatic teeth to the abutment teeth than the cervical splint and the raw.

背景/目的:纤维夹板是治疗牙外伤的先进方法。但人们对纤维夹板在受创牙齿上的定位仍然缺乏全面的了解。本研究的目的是评估纤维夹板的切缘/颈缘位置对不同咬合关系下创伤牙根应力分布的影响:根据患者的锥形束计算机断层扫描图生成三维有限元模型。切口夹板和颈夹板由贴近创伤牙切口/颈唇表面的条带模拟。在每颗牙齿腭面的切缘、切嵴和牙颈部位置加载力,以模拟咀嚼时创伤牙齿的状况。用 Ansys 软件(2021 版,R1)计算了创伤牙和基牙上的等效应力(von Mises):结果:当力加载到腭面的切嵴、切口和颈部位置时,切口夹板有效地将应力从创伤牙根转移到基牙上。然而,当使用颈椎夹板时,减压效果明显减弱。值得注意的是,在颈夹板的情况下,切缘上的加载力会增加外伤牙齿根部的应力,这对治疗外伤性牙齿损伤不利:切缘夹板比颈夹板和原始夹板更能有效地将应力从创伤牙的牙根转移到基牙上。
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引用次数: 0
A New Approach for Analyzing Root Development in Autogenous Tooth Transplants Using Computed Tomography. 利用计算机断层扫描分析自体牙移植牙根发育的新方法
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1111/edt.13006
Ludimila Saiter Assis Beltrame, Juliana Delatorre Bronzato, Tereza Jacy da Silva Almeida, João Batista Gagno Intra, Cleber Freitas de Britto, Marcos Frozoni

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate root development in autotransplanted teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Methods: Twelve premolars with incomplete root formation, which were selected to replace prematurely lost upper central incisors, were analyzed by CBCT on two different occasions. The first CBCT examination (T1) was conducted before tooth autotransplantation. The second CBCT examination (T2) was performed over a follow-up period of at least 12 months and < 5 years. Three previously calibrated evaluators assessed root development. The positions of the tomographic planes were standardized. The mean root length in sagittal and coronal tomographic sections was used to validate the root length at T1 and T2. Longitudinal root development of the transplanted tooth was determined by calculating the difference in root length between T2 and T1. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), paired t-test, and Pearson test were applied, with significance set at 5%.

Results: The mean time elapsed between T1 and T2 was 962 days/2.6 years. The ICC was > 0.75. The measurements obtained at T2 were significantly greater than at T1 (p = 0.001). The mean increase in root length was 2.83 mm. There was no significant correlation (p = 0.413; r = 0.261) between root length increase and the time elapsed between T1 and T2.

Conclusion: Premolar teeth with incompletely formed roots transplanted to the upper central incisor region showed continued root development during postoperative follow-up.

简介:本研究旨在利用锥束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)图像评估自体移植牙齿的牙根发育情况:本研究旨在利用锥束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)图像评估自体移植牙的牙根发育情况:方法:选取 12 颗牙根未完全形成的前臼齿(用于替代过早脱落的上中切牙),在两个不同的场合进行 CBCT 分析。第一次 CBCT 检查(T1)在牙齿自动移植前进行。第二次 CBCT 检查(T2)在至少 12 个月的随访期内进行:T1 和 T2 之间的平均间隔时间为 962 天/2.6 年。ICC > 0.75。T2 测量值明显大于 T1 测量值(p = 0.001)。根长平均增加了 2.83 毫米。牙根长度的增加与 T1 和 T2 之间的时间间隔无明显相关性(p = 0.413;r = 0.261):结论:移植到上中切牙区域的牙根未完全形成的前磨牙在术后随访期间显示出持续的牙根发育。
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引用次数: 0
Appropriate Terminology for the Time Elapsed From Avulsion of a Permanent Tooth to Replantation: A Scoping Review and Delphi Consensus. 从恒牙脱落到植牙所需时间的适当术语:范围审查和德尔菲共识》。
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12993
Nitesh Tewari, Jhunjhunwala Garima, Anne O'Connell, Nidhi Sharawat, Morankar Rahul, Vijay Prakash Mathur, Partha Haldar

Background: The prognosis of an avulsed permanent tooth depends on the time elapsed from injury to replantation in the injured socket. Wide variability exists in the terminologies used to describe this period. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify and categorize the terminologies related to this aspect of tooth avulsion, grade the explanations provided by the authors, and develop a consensus about the most appropriate terminology through a Delphi approach.

Methods: This study involved a scoping review to identify and analyze the terminologies. It was performed according to PRISMA-ScR with a systematic search performed in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science. The terminologies were extracted, categorized, and evaluated for correctness. On the basis of the results of the review and expert group discussion, an ideal terminology was proposed. A Delphi study with 20 global experts in dental traumatology was conducted to develop a consensus for the proposed terminology and its description.

Results: A total of 92 studies were included. They were distributed into five categories according to the terminology used: (a) dry period alone, (b) total period with dry and/or wet times, (c) extra-alveolar period, (d) extraoral period, and (e) miscellaneous. The explanations provided were correct in 37.5% of the studies that used an extraoral period. In the Delphi study, the lowest scores were given to the term dry period. There was an agreement of 95% for the proposed terminology.

Conclusion: A wide variation in terminologies was observed that could be distributed into five categories. The correctness of explanations was highest in the studies that described total periods with dry and wet times. The Delphi study revealed excellent agreement for the proposed term "total extra-alveolar period," with precise and clear recordings of both nonphysiologic (dry) periods and physiologic (wet) periods.

背景:恒牙脱落的预后取决于从受伤到重新镶入受伤牙槽窝的时间。用于描述这段时间的术语存在很大差异。因此,本研究的目的是对与牙齿脱落相关的术语进行识别和分类,对作者提供的解释进行分级,并通过德尔菲法就最合适的术语达成共识:本研究通过范围审查来确定和分析术语。研究按照 PRISMA-ScR 标准进行,在 PubMed、Scopus、EMBASE、LILACS 和 Web of Science 中进行了系统检索。对术语进行了提取、分类和正确性评估。根据审查和专家组讨论的结果,提出了理想的术语。为了就提议的术语及其描述达成共识,20 位全球牙科创伤学专家进行了德尔菲研究:结果:共纳入 92 项研究。结果:共纳入 92 项研究,根据使用的术语将其分为五类:(a) 单纯干燥期,(b) 包含干燥和/或湿润期的总期,(c) 牙槽外期,(d) 口腔外期,(e) 其他。在使用口外期的研究中,37.5% 提供的解释是正确的。在德尔菲研究中,"干燥期 "一词的得分最低。结论:结论:术语差异很大,可分为五类。解释正确性最高的是那些描述了干湿期总和的研究。德尔菲研究表明,对 "总肺泡外期 "这一术语的建议非常一致,对非生理期(干燥期)和生理期(潮湿期)的记录都非常准确和清晰。
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引用次数: 0
Non-Surgical Endodontic Management of Large Periapical Lesions After Traumatic Dental Injuries. 牙外伤后根尖大面积病变的非手术根管治疗
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1111/edt.13008
Nitesh Tewari, Amritha Rajeswary, Alina Wikström, Georgios Tsilingaridis

Traumatic dental injuries of permanent teeth result in multiple immediate and long-term consequences depending upon the severity of trauma, age of the patient, the status of root maturity, and the emergency care provided. The healing responses may get disturbed due to severe damage, loss of vascularity of the supporting structures, and infections. As a result, the prohealing mediators and pathways are overpowered by the destructive stimuli often manifested by an increased osteoclastic activity. Among the various late complications, the apical periodontitis or the periapical lesions are most worrisome for the patients and create clinical dilemma for the dentists. In the past, many such lesions were classified as cysts and subjected to surgical management. However, better understanding of lesion pathophysiology, three-dimensional imaging, and molecular pathways have established their inflammatory nature. The advancements in materials such as calcium silicates, and regenerative techniques have propelled the research related to non-surgical endodontic management as its clinical acceptability. The treatment largely follows the recommendations of regenerative medicine and is based on four principles: (a) establishing the drainage or an endodontic access to the area, (b) removal of most of the triggering agents such as necrosed pulp, toxins, and inflammatory mediators, (c) disinfection of the area, controlling inflammation and reversal of the acidic pH, and (d) maintenance of this infection/inflammation-free state for a long time through adequate sealing. This review aims to highlight the rationale of the approach, case selection, pathophysiology of the causation and healing, clinical protocols, and the limitations of non-surgical endodontic management of large periapical lesions secondary to traumatic dental injuries.

恒牙的外伤会导致多种直接和长期的后果,这取决于外伤的严重程度、患者的年龄、牙根成熟的状况以及提供的紧急护理。严重的损伤、支持结构血管的缺失和感染可能会扰乱愈合反应。结果,促进愈合的介质和途径被破坏性刺激所压倒,通常表现为破骨活动增加。在各种晚期并发症中,根尖牙周炎或根尖周病变最让患者担心,也让牙医陷入临床困境。过去,许多此类病变被归类为囊肿,并接受手术治疗。然而,随着对病变病理生理学、三维成像和分子途径的深入了解,已经确定了它们的炎症性质。硅酸钙等材料和再生技术的进步推动了与非手术牙髓治疗相关的研究,因为它在临床上是可以接受的。这种治疗方法在很大程度上遵循了再生医学的建议,并以四项原则为基础:(a)建立该区域的引流或根管通路,(b)去除大部分诱发因素,如坏死牙髓、毒素和炎症介质,(c)消毒该区域、控制炎症和逆转酸性 pH 值,以及(d)通过适当的密封长期维持这种无感染/无炎症状态。本综述旨在强调牙髓治疗方法的基本原理、病例选择、病因和愈合的病理生理学、临床方案,以及对继发于牙齿外伤的大面积根尖周病变进行非手术根管治疗的局限性。
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引用次数: 0
Evidence-Based Potential of Generative Artificial Intelligence Large Language Models on Dental Avulsion: ChatGPT Versus Gemini. 基于证据的生成式人工智能大语言模型在牙齿脱落方面的潜力:ChatGPT Versus Gemini.
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12999
Taibe Tokgöz Kaplan, Muhammet Cankar

Background: In this study, the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the answers given to questions about dental avulsion by two artificial intelligence-based language models, ChatGPT and Gemini, were comparatively evaluated.

Materials and methods: Based on the guidelines of the International Society of Dental Traumatology, a total of 33 questions were prepared, including multiple-choice questions, binary questions, and open-ended questions as technical questions and patient questions about dental avulsion. They were directed to ChatGPT and Gemini. Responses were recorded and scored by four pediatric dentists. Statistical analyses, including ICC analysis, were performed to determine the agreement and accuracy of the responses. The significance level was set as p < 0.050.

Results: The mean score of the Gemini model was statistically significantly higher than the ChatGPT (p = 0.001). ChatGPT gave more correct answers to open-ended questions and T/F questions on dental avulsion; it showed the lowest accuracy in the MCQ section. There was no significant difference between the responses of the Gemini model to different types of questions on dental avulsion and the median scores (p = 0.088). ChatGPT and Gemini were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test without making a distinction between question types, and Gemini answers were found to be statistically significantly more accurate (p = 0.004).

Conclusions: The Gemini and ChatGPT language models based on the IADT guideline for dental avulsion undoubtedly show promise. To guarantee the successful incorporation of LLMs into practice, it is imperative to conduct additional research, clinical validation, and improvements to the models.

背景:在这项研究中,对两种基于人工智能的语言模型--ChatGPT和Gemini--回答有关牙外伤问题的准确性和全面性进行了比较评估:根据国际牙科创伤学会的指导方针,共准备了 33 个问题,包括多选题、二元题和开放式问题,作为有关牙齿脱落的技术问题和患者问题。这些问题都指向 ChatGPT 和 Gemini。由四位儿童牙科医生对回答进行记录和评分。为确定回答的一致性和准确性,进行了包括 ICC 分析在内的统计分析。显著性水平设定为 p 结果:Gemini 模型的平均得分在统计学上明显高于 ChatGPT(p = 0.001)。ChatGPT 对有关牙齿脱落的开放式问题和 T/F 问题给出了更多正确答案;在 MCQ 部分的准确率最低。Gemini 模型对有关牙齿脱落的不同类型问题的回答与中位分数之间没有明显差异(p = 0.088)。在不区分问题类型的情况下,采用曼-惠特尼 U 检验对 ChatGPT 和 Gemini 进行了分析,结果发现 Gemini 的答案在统计学上明显更准确(p = 0.004):基于 IADT 指导原则的 Gemini 和 ChatGPT 语言模型无疑显示出良好的前景。为确保将 LLMs 成功应用于实践,必须进行更多的研究、临床验证并对模型进行改进。
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引用次数: 0
Accuracy and Consistency of Gemini Responses Regarding the Management of Traumatized Permanent Teeth. 双子座在处理受创恒牙方面的准确性和一致性。
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/edt.13004
Nicolas Dufey Portilla, Marc Garcia-Font, Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu, Paul V Abbott, Jose Antonio Gonzalez Sanchez, Francesc Abella

Background: The aim of this cross-sectional observational analytical study was to assess the accuracy and consistency of responses provided by Google Gemini (GG), a free-access high-performance multimodal large language model, to questions related to the European Society of Endodontology position statement on the management of traumatized permanent teeth (MTPT).

Materials and methods: Three academic endodontists developed a set of 99 yes/no questions covering all areas of the MTPT. Nine general dentists and 22 endodontic specialists evaluated these questions for clarity and comprehension through an iterative process. Two academic dental trauma experts categorized the knowledge required to answer each question into three levels. The three academic endodontists submitted the 99 questions to the GG, resulting in 297 responses, which were then assessed for accuracy and consistency. Accuracy was evaluated using the Wald binomial method, while the consistency of GG responses was assessed using the kappa-Fleiss coefficient with a confidence interval of 95%. A 5% significance level chi-squared test was used to evaluate the influence of question level of knowledge on accuracy and consistency.

Results: The responses generated by Gemini showed an overall moderate accuracy of 80.81%, with no significant differences found between the responses of the academic endodontists. Overall, high consistency (95.96%) was demonstrated, with no significant differences between GG responses across the three accounts. The analysis also revealed no correlation between question level of knowledge and accuracy or consistency, with no significant differences.

Conclusions: The results of this study could significantly impact the potential use of Gemini as a free-access source of information for clinicians in the MTPT.

研究背景这项横断面观察分析研究旨在评估谷歌双子座(Google Gemini,一种免费访问的高性能多模态大语言模型)对欧洲牙髓病学会关于外伤恒牙管理(MTPT)的立场声明相关问题所做回答的准确性和一致性:三位学术牙髓病学家开发了一套 99 个 "是/否 "问题,涵盖了 MTPT 的所有领域。9 位普通牙科医生和 22 位牙髓病学专家通过迭代过程对这些问题的清晰度和理解力进行了评估。两位牙科创伤学术专家将回答每个问题所需的知识分为三个等级。三位牙髓病学专家将 99 个问题提交给 GG,得到了 297 个回答,然后对这些回答的准确性和一致性进行了评估。准确性采用沃尔德二项式法进行评估,而 GG 回答的一致性则采用卡帕-弗莱斯系数进行评估,置信区间为 95%。采用 5%显著性水平的卡方检验来评估问题的知识水平对准确性和一致性的影响:结果:Gemini 生成的回答总体准确率为 80.81%,处于中等水平,牙髓病学家的回答之间没有发现显著差异。总体而言,一致性较高(95.96%),三个账户的 GG 回答之间没有明显差异。分析还显示,问题的知识水平与准确性或一致性之间没有相关性,也没有显著差异:这项研究的结果可能会极大地影响双子座作为 MTPT 临床医生免费获取信息来源的潜在用途。
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引用次数: 0
Impact Absorption Power of Polyolefin Fused Filament Fabrication 3D-Printed Sports Mouthguards: In Vitro Study. 聚烯烃熔丝制造三维打印运动护齿的冲击吸收力:体外研究。
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/edt.13001
Leonardo Mohamad Nassani, Samuel Storts, Irina Novopoltseva, Lauren Ann Place, Matthew Fogarty, Pete Schupska

Background/aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare the impact absorption capacities of thermoformed ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mouthguards and 3D-printed polyolefin mouthguards used in sports dentistry applications. The objective is to determine whether 3D-printed polyolefin mouthguards offer superior impact toughness compared to traditional EVA mouthguards commonly used in sports settings.

Materials and methods: Six material samples were assessed: five pressure-formed EVA mouthguards (PolyShok, Buffalo Dental, Erkoflex, Proform, and Drufosoft) and one 3D-printed synthetic polymer (polyolefin). The materials were evaluated using a modified American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D256 Test Method A for Izod pendulum impact resistance of plastics. Polyolefin samples were 3D-printed using fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology. Notably, the FFF process included samples printed with notches placed either parallel or perpendicular to the build direction. This orientation served as a study factor, allowing for comparison of material behavior under different printing conditions. Impact testing was conducted using an Izod impact tester to assess the materials' performance under controlled impact conditions.

Results: The study achieved a high power (1.0) in power analysis, indicating strong sensitivity to detect significant differences. Among molded materials, PolyShok showed significantly lower impact toughness compared to others (p = 0.06). The mean impact absorption of EVA materials was 5.4 ± 0.3 kJ/m2, significantly lower than polyolefin materials, which demonstrated 12.9 ± 0.7 kJ/m2 and superior performance (p = 0.0). Horizontal-notched polyolefin samples exhibited higher impact strength compared to vertical-notched samples (p = 0.009).

Conclusions: 3D-printed polyolefin mouthguards exhibited significantly higher impact toughness than thermoformed EVA mouthguards. While EVA materials demonstrated structural robustness, their lower impact resistance and observed tearing in other test specimens suggest the need for alternative testing standards to better reflect real-world conditions. 3D-printed mouthguards fabricated with build orientations perpendicular to the direction of impact demonstrate significantly enhanced impact absorption. Further research into manufacturing methods and testing protocols is recommended to optimize mouthguard performance under impact scenarios.

背景/目的:本研究旨在评估和比较热成型乙烯-醋酸乙烯(EVA)护口罩和 3D 打印聚烯烃护口罩在运动牙科应用中的冲击吸收能力。目的是确定与运动场所常用的传统 EVA 护齿相比,3D 打印聚烯烃护齿是否具有更好的冲击韧性:评估了六种材料样品:五种压力成型 EVA 护齿板(PolyShok、Buffalo Dental、Erkoflex、Proform 和 Drufosoft)和一种 3D 打印合成聚合物(聚烯烃)。这些材料采用修改后的美国材料试验协会 (ASTM) D256 试验方法 A 进行评估,该方法适用于塑料的伊佐德摆锤冲击阻力。聚烯烃样品采用熔融长丝制造(FFF)技术进行 3D 打印。值得注意的是,在 FFF 工艺中打印的样品,其凹槽要么平行于构建方向,要么垂直于构建方向。这种方向是一个研究因素,可用于比较不同打印条件下的材料行为。使用伊佐德冲击测试仪进行了冲击测试,以评估材料在受控冲击条件下的性能:结果:该研究在功率分析中达到了很高的功率(1.0),这表明该研究具有很强的灵敏度,可以检测出显著的差异。在模塑材料中,PolyShok 的冲击韧性明显低于其他材料(p = 0.06)。EVA 材料的平均冲击吸收率为 5.4 ± 0.3 kJ/m2,明显低于聚烯烃材料,后者的平均冲击吸收率为 12.9 ± 0.7 kJ/m2,性能优越(p = 0.0)。与垂直缺口样品相比,水平缺口聚烯烃样品的冲击强度更高(p = 0.009):结论:3D 打印聚烯烃护齿的冲击韧性明显高于热成型 EVA 护齿。虽然 EVA 材料表现出结构坚固性,但其较低的抗冲击性和在其他测试样本中观察到的撕裂现象表明,有必要采用其他测试标准,以更好地反映真实世界的条件。三维打印护齿的制造方向与冲击方向垂直,这表明其冲击吸收能力明显增强。建议进一步研究制造方法和测试协议,以优化护齿在冲击情况下的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Using a Puncturing Method and Cooldown Period Before Pressing the Second-Layered Sheet on the Final Thickness of Double-Layered Sports Mouthguards: An Experimental Study. 使用打孔方法和压制第二层板材前的冷却期对双层运动护齿最终厚度的影响:实验研究。
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/edt.13007
Uthai Uma, Peerathat Tretanyuth, Puripat Panitchumroen, Sirawish Chomin

Aim: The thickness of the mouthguard is a crucial factor in its protective ability for athletes. This study aimed to investigate the final thickness of double-layered sports mouthguards, which were fabricated using different methods before pressing the second layer.

Materials and methods: Seven upper working models (n = 7 per group) were prepared for mouthguard fabrication. The first 3-mm mouthguard sheet underwent heating, pressing, and vacuuming onto the model, followed by various protocols before the second 3-mm sheet was pressed. Group 1: The second sheet was pressed immediately. Group 2: The first sheet underwent a 1-h cooldown period before pressing the second sheet. Group 3: The interproximal areas of the first sheet were punctured followed by immediate pressing of the second sheet. Group 4: The first sheet was punctured followed by a 1-h cooldown before pressing the second sheet. After 24 h, the mouthguard thickness was measured at various points on the left and right central incisors and first molars using a digital caliper. The thickness analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0 with one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analysis.

Results: At the labial surface of the central incisors, Group 4 exhibited the highest thickness, while Group 3 had the lowest (p < 0.001). Groups 1 and 2 did not show significant differences in thickness. At the incisal edges, Group 3 again had the lowest thickness (p < 0.05), with no significant differences observed among the other groups. There were no significant differences in thickness across all areas at the first molars, including cusp tips, pits, and buccal surfaces (p > 0.05). Group 4 demonstrated greater uniformity at the central incisors in thickness compared with the other groups.

Conclusions: Using the puncturing method at interproximal areas combined with a cooldown period could enhance mouthguard thickness at the labial surfaces of the central incisors and improve its thickness uniformity.

目的:护口罩的厚度是影响其对运动员保护能力的关键因素。本研究旨在调查双层运动护齿的最终厚度,在压制第二层之前,采用不同的方法制作双层运动护齿:准备了 7 个上部工作模型(每组 7 个)用于制作护齿。第一层 3 毫米的护齿片在模型上经过加热、压制和真空吸附,然后在压制第二层 3 毫米的护齿片之前进行各种处理。第 1 组:立即压制第二片护齿片。第 2 组:在按压第二片护齿片之前,第一片护齿片需要经过 1 小时的冷却时间。第三组:穿刺第一张牙片的近端间区域,然后立即按压第二张牙片。第四组:刺穿第一张护齿片,冷却 1 小时后再按压第二张护齿片。24 小时后,使用数字卡尺测量左右中切牙和第一磨牙上不同位置的护齿厚度。使用 SPSS 29.0 进行厚度分析,并进行单因素方差分析和 Tukey 事后分析:在中切牙的唇面,第 4 组的厚度最高,而第 3 组的厚度最低(P 0.05)。与其他组相比,第 4 组的中切牙厚度更均匀:结论:在近心间区域使用穿刺法,再加上冷却时间,可以增加中切牙唇面的护齿厚度,并改善其厚度的均匀性。
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引用次数: 0
Transient Apical Breakdown: Incidence, Pathogenesis, and Healing. 一过性根尖断裂:发病率、发病机制和愈合。
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/edt.13002
Mitsuhiro Tsukiboshi, Yuli Berlin-Broner, Liran Levin

Background/aims: Transient apical breakdown (TAB) is a phenomenon that indicates temporary apical periodontal destruction and root resorption after tooth luxation injuries, followed by the healing process of the dental pulp. Andreasen in 1986, reported that TAB was seen in approximately 4.2% of all luxation injuries. However, there have been no reports thereafter on the types and frequency of the luxation traumatic injuries in which TAB occurs. Therefore, this retrospective study was aimed to assess the incidence and pathogenesis of dental trauma-induced TAB and to suggest a possible mechanism of subsequent healing based on a series of cases.

Methods: Data analysis included mature teeth (n = 56) of 49 patients aged 9-30 years who presented in a private dental office over a period of 10 years (2012-2022) to investigate the incidence and healing sequala of TAB.

Results: TAB was observed in 43.8% of subluxation, 62.5% of extrusive luxation, and 75% of lateral luxation injuries. The average age of patients who developed TAB was 14.5 years, ranging from 9 to 28 years old.

Conclusions: TAB can be expected in many cases of luxation injuries with minimal dislocation. Therefore, mild injuries (subluxation, extrusion, and lateral luxation), may exhibit spontaneous healing, recovery of dark discoloration of the crown, disappearance of a periapical radiolucent lesion and return to normal response to EPT as long as 12 months after the traumatic injury. Thus, a decision to perform endodontic treatment in these cases might be postponed until clear evidence for an infection exists.

背景/目的:一过性牙根尖破坏(TAB)是牙齿松动损伤后牙根尖暂时性牙周破坏和牙根吸收的一种现象,随后是牙髓的愈合过程。Andreasen 在 1986 年报告说,在所有牙齿松动损伤中,约有 4.2% 出现了 TAB。然而,此后还没有关于发生 TAB 的牙齿松动外伤类型和频率的报告。因此,这项回顾性研究旨在评估牙外伤引起的TAB的发生率和发病机制,并根据一系列病例提出后续愈合的可能机制:数据分析包括49名9-30岁患者的成熟牙齿(n = 56),这些患者在10年间(2012-2022年)曾在一家私人牙科诊所就诊,研究TAB的发病率和愈合顺序:结果:在43.8%的半脱位、62.5%的外脱位和75%的侧脱位损伤中观察到TAB。出现TAB的患者平均年龄为14.5岁,从9岁到28岁不等:结论:许多脱位程度较轻的关节松动损伤病例都会出现TAB。因此,轻度损伤(半脱位、挤压和侧向松动)可能会在创伤后12个月内表现出自发愈合、牙冠深色变色恢复、根尖周放射性病变消失以及对EPT的反应恢复正常。因此,在这些病例中进行牙髓治疗的决定可以推迟到有明确的感染证据时再做。
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引用次数: 0
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Dental Traumatology
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