Dental Traumatology最新文献

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD).

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD).

Many factors play a role in the cause of traumatic dental injuries (TDI). It is important for dentists to advise patients and their parents about the predisposing risk factors associated with some malocclusions. The vast majority of TDI occur in the maxillary anterior (upper front) teeth in young girls and boys. Two major factors that increase the risk of such injuries are an increased overjet (protruding upper teeth) and lip incompetence (lips do not close easily). Children with other conditions such as severe underbite, open bites, and crossbites are also more susceptible to TDI.

Consideration of these predisposing factors leads to the obvious question of whether orthodontic intervention for people with these conditions will help to prevent injuries to their teeth. Orthodontic treatment at an early age through the use of various functional fixed (braces) or removable (plates) appliances can help to reposition the teeth so that they are in a more favorable position and less susceptible to dental injuries.

Several scientific reviews have discussed this question. A Cochrane review concluded that “providing early orthodontic treatment for children with prominent upper front teeth is more effective for reducing the incidence of incisal trauma than providing one course of orthodontic treatment in adolescence.” Analia and Liu concluded “that providing early orthodontic treatment/two stages for children with prominent upper front teeth is more effective for reducing the incidence of upper front teeth trauma (incisal trauma) than providing one course of orthodontic treatment in adolescence.” Cobourne et al. concluded that “although early treatment does not result in improved overall outcomes when compared to later treatment, some consideration should be given to starting early when it is thought that there is a real increased risk of dental trauma or a child is being teased because of their overjet.”

Hence, there is sound scientific evidence to support early intervention through orthodontic treatment to reduce the likelihood of dental trauma in children whose teeth are in unfavorable positions. However, many other factors must also be considered by the parents and the treating dental practitioners when deciding whether to initiate orthodontic treatment at a young age.

All authors contributed to the development of this paper and approved its final form.

No funding was received for the presented work.

The authors declare there are no competing interests for the above manuscript.

No ethics approval was required for this paper.

Dental professionals can play crucial roles in the prevention of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) at many levels. Primary prevention includes education of people participating in sports or other activities where they are at risk of a TDI. It also includes the education of parents and other people involved (such as coaches, administrators, etc.). Dentists should provide preventive care by recognizing the risks and treating them, as well as by offering guidance on the use of protective devices and safety equipment. Education can be provided in person at dental clinics and hospitals, schools, and other community organizations. Online modes of education such as television channels, YouTube, and social media can also be used as effective means to spread the message as widely as possible. Regular dental examinations can help to identify and reduce the risks or chances of TDI and they are an ideal opportunity to provide customized mouthguards for patients.

Secondary prevention of TDI is almost entirely dependent upon dental professionals. Dentists must be well versed with the latest guidelines for the management of TDI that are published by the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). Several clinical decision support tools such as the Tooth SOS app can also play important roles in providing immediate guidance. Dentists should be available to provide video or telephone consultations in emergency situations.

The information provided to the injured individual and/or the parents/caregivers must be adequate and in a manner that is understandable to them. The advice should be based on trying to avoid complications associated with the specific injury.

Trauma in children aged less than 6 years of age has some unique challenges that must be addressed by the dental professionals managing them. The IADT guidelines recognize this and mention that dental professionals who are well-versed in the management of children must be preferred in such situations. These scenarios are often stressful for children, parents/families, and the dental team. Hence, efforts must be made to instill a positive attitude in the injured children and improve their oral health-related quality of life.

All authors contributed to the development of this paper and approved its final form.

No funding was received for the presented work.

The authors declare there are no competing interest for the above manuscript.

No ethic approval was required for this paper.

The Guidelines for Prevention of Traumatic Dental Injuries were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD).

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is vital for understanding dental traumatology (DT) biomechanics, aiding diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcome prediction. This review explores FEA applications in DT research, evaluates their quality and outcomes, and assesses methodological aspects. Accordingly, recommendations for future researchers are provided. The study adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for scoping reviews and registered in Open Science framework. A comprehensive search using relevant text-words and MeSH terms was performed in established databases. The inclusion criteria encompassed all Finite element analysis (FEA)-based Dental traumatology (DT) studies without language or publication year restrictions. Risk of bias was assessed with the Risk of bias tool for the use of finite element analysis in dentistry (ROBFEAD) tool. Forty-six studies published from 2001 to 2023 were included in the qualitative synthesis. The studies were categorized into five domains and six subdomains based on objectives. Maxillary central incisors and surrounding structures were commonly modelled (n = 27). Most studies utilized Computed tomography (CT), Cone Beam CT, or micro CT. Traumatic injury forces ranged from 100 N to 2000 N, and occlusal forces ranged from 150 N to 350 N. All studies were rated as high risk of bias. Fory-six studies were categorized, with most focusing on stress distribution and fracture patterns in dento-alveolar structures under various conditions, while few assessed displacements. Methodological quality lacked robustness in model development and substructure properties. Future studies should address these limitations and enhance reporting practices.

This review highlights the recent contributions of qualitative research in advancing understanding of dental trauma injury and the barriers and enablers to guide policy for improved patient-centred care including transitional care. It summarises the common approaches and methods used and outlines the key factors that guide the appraisal of qualitative studies. It highlights the importance of the application of qualitative research methods in dental research to generate rich and detailed data to provide explanations and insights into people's experiences, beliefs and attitudes and the complexity of human decision-making and behaviour. In the past decade while there have been a growing number of publications of qualitative studies in dental journals, qualitative studies remain a small percentage of the published dental traumatology research. This may be because of limited understanding about the background, methods and rigour of qualitative research.