J. Socha, Stanisław Orzeł, W. Ochał, M. Pietrzykowski
Selection of tree species and proper technology of afforestation of post-industrial sites play a crucial role in new ecosystem stability and success of the restoration. There is still current discussion about the effectiveness of different methods in the production of seedlings for extreme site conditions. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the seedling production method on the growth of 6-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees planted on reclaimed post-industrial sites in southern Poland. We compared four methods of seedling production: bare root system, containerized without and with inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungi Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton, and Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull.) Quél. The experiment was carried out independently on two reclaimed sites: a post-sand-mining site in Bukowno, and a heavy metal polluted site in Miasteczko Śląskie. The effect of the seedling production method on tree growth expressed by height, root collar diameter, above- and belowground biomass of different tree components was analyzed on 240 sampled trees using analysis of variance and general linear model. In addition, the effect of the seedling production method on the root-to-shoot ratio was investigated. Scots pine tree growth was significantly affected by the seedling production method on heavy metal polluted site. The lowest tree growth parameters were observed in trees planted with bare roots, whereas the largest values were in the case of trees planted from containerized seedlings inoculated with H. crustuliniforme. In contrast, on the post-sand-mining site, the treatment effect turned out to be insignificant. The effect on biomass allocation was observed in the case of both sites. Trees prepared with the bare root method differed in greater biomass allocation to the belowground from other treatment groups. The use of containerized seedlings or additionally inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi in heavy metal contaminated sites improves the growth of trees and, although it is more costly and labor-intensive compared to the production of seedlings with a bare root system, should be preferred. In the post-sand-mining area, no effect of the seedling production method on tree growth was observed, and the use of bare root seedlings will be equally effective and additionally less time and cost-consuming.
{"title":"Effect of seedling production method on the growth of Pinus sylvestris L. on reclaimed post-industrial sites in Poland","authors":"J. Socha, Stanisław Orzeł, W. Ochał, M. Pietrzykowski","doi":"10.12657/denbio.088.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.088.009","url":null,"abstract":"Selection of tree species and proper technology of afforestation of post-industrial sites play a crucial role in new ecosystem stability and success of the restoration. There is still current discussion about the effectiveness of different methods in the production of seedlings for extreme site conditions. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the seedling production method on the growth of 6-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees planted on reclaimed post-industrial sites in southern Poland. We compared four methods of seedling production: bare root system, containerized without and with inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungi Laccaria bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton, and Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull.) Quél. The experiment was carried out independently on two reclaimed sites: a post-sand-mining site in Bukowno, and a heavy metal polluted site in Miasteczko Śląskie. The effect of the seedling production method on tree growth expressed by height, root collar diameter, above- and belowground biomass of different tree components was analyzed on 240 sampled trees using analysis of variance and general linear model. In addition, the effect of the seedling production method on the root-to-shoot ratio was investigated. Scots pine tree growth was significantly affected by the seedling production method on heavy metal polluted site. The lowest tree growth parameters were observed in trees planted with bare roots, whereas the largest values were in the case of trees planted from containerized seedlings inoculated with H. crustuliniforme. In contrast, on the post-sand-mining site, the treatment effect turned out to be insignificant. The effect on biomass allocation was observed in the case of both sites. Trees prepared with the bare root method differed in greater biomass allocation to the belowground from other treatment groups. The use of containerized seedlings or additionally inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi in heavy metal contaminated sites improves the growth of trees and, although it is more costly and labor-intensive compared to the production of seedlings with a bare root system, should be preferred. In the post-sand-mining area, no effect of the seedling production method on tree growth was observed, and the use of bare root seedlings will be equally effective and additionally less time and cost-consuming.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46793299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Klisz, J. Jevšenak, Y. Prokopuk, W. Gil, Vasyl Mohytych, R. Puchałka
The introduction of tree species raises the question of whether they find suitable conditions in their secondary range and whether they can successfully adapt to the new conditions in the context of an unstable climate. Stem secondary growth of trees and the changes in xylem cell structure make it possible to trace the adaptation process to the new climate on an inter- and intra-seasonal scale. The objective of this study was to determine whether the seven non-native conifer species in Central Europe differ in climate sensitivity and to what extent late frost and spring-summer drought can influence xylem changes. In our study, we investigated the growth pattern and xylem cell structure modifications of seven introduced conifer species Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus strobus, Tsuga canadensis, Abies grandis, Pinus banksiana, Pinus rigida, Pinus nigra, growing under uniform conditions in Poland. To determine species-specific temporal variations in climate sensitivity, we used stationary and non-stationary correlations of ring width with daily climate variables: mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures, precipitation sum, and SPEI, supported by a pointer-year analysis. Changes in xylem structure (frost rings and intra-annual density fluctuations) were analyzed using light and fluorescence microscopy. Warming of the winter-spring period benefits both southern European and North American introduced conifers, as reflected in the extended responsiveness period. However, as the growing season warms and the risk of late frosts increases, the potential for acclimatization of non-native species decreases, especially with respect to their juvenile growth phase. Negative precipitation and evapotranspiration balance at spring-summer period can lead to reduced growth and anomalies in earlywood xylem structure, commonly referred to as intra annual density fluctuations. P. strobus, the species that loses both frost-induced cambium damage and drought-induced xylem anomalies in summer is the fastest growing non-native species, along with P. menziesii. Although the results presented here show the potential and the limitations in the acclimatization of coniferous species, the obvious limitations related to local environmental conditions and the different ages of the trees make us cautious in generalizing the conclusions. Therefore, we call for the creation of a pan-European dendro-network of sites of non-native coniferous species.
{"title":"Coping with Central European climate – xylem adjustment in seven non-native conifer tree species","authors":"M. Klisz, J. Jevšenak, Y. Prokopuk, W. Gil, Vasyl Mohytych, R. Puchałka","doi":"10.12657/denbio.088.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.088.008","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of tree species raises the question of whether they find suitable conditions in their secondary range and whether they can successfully adapt to the new conditions in the context of an unstable climate. Stem secondary growth of trees and the changes in xylem cell structure make it possible to trace the adaptation process to the new climate on an inter- and intra-seasonal scale. The objective of this study was to determine whether the seven non-native conifer species in Central Europe differ in climate sensitivity and to what extent late frost and spring-summer drought can influence xylem changes. In our study, we investigated the growth pattern and xylem cell structure modifications of seven introduced conifer species Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus strobus, Tsuga canadensis, Abies grandis, Pinus banksiana, Pinus rigida, Pinus nigra, growing under uniform conditions in Poland. To determine species-specific temporal variations in climate sensitivity, we used stationary and non-stationary correlations of ring width with daily climate variables: mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures, precipitation sum, and SPEI, supported by a pointer-year analysis. Changes in xylem structure (frost rings and intra-annual density fluctuations) were analyzed using light and fluorescence microscopy. Warming of the winter-spring period benefits both southern European and North American introduced conifers, as reflected in the extended responsiveness period. However, as the growing season warms and the risk of late frosts increases, the potential for acclimatization of non-native species decreases, especially with respect to their juvenile growth phase. Negative precipitation and evapotranspiration balance at spring-summer period can lead to reduced growth and anomalies in earlywood xylem structure, commonly referred to as intra annual density fluctuations. P. strobus, the species that loses both frost-induced cambium damage and drought-induced xylem anomalies in summer is the fastest growing non-native species, along with P. menziesii. Although the results presented here show the potential and the limitations in the acclimatization of coniferous species, the obvious limitations related to local environmental conditions and the different ages of the trees make us cautious in generalizing the conclusions. Therefore, we call for the creation of a pan-European dendro-network of sites of non-native coniferous species.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47043212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hoang Duong Xo Viet, Luiza Tymińska-Czabańska, J. Socha
The site index (SI) is the most commonly used and representative measure of the phytocentric approach; it evaluates the site productivity based on the stand height and age. In the case of mixed stands with complex structures, phytocentric methods are very limited, while in non-forest areas, they are not applicable. In situations where the applicability of phytocentric methods is limited, the site productivity is determined by geocentric methods. Geocentric methods allow direct modelling of site productivity, expressed by SI predicted from various environmental variables. The aim of this study was to develop a geocentric model for oak. Site productivity expressed by SI was described by the environmental variables and stand characteristics. To develop the SI model, we used the data from 2490 NFI plots with dominant oak species (Quercus sessilis and Quercus robur). A generalized additive model was used in modelling site productivity. We documented a significant relationship between SI and the environmental variables, age of stands and stand density. Furthermore, the site productivity for oak is shaped by climate factors, soil type, geology, and altitude. The model developed based on the geocentric method, explained 55.1% of the variation of SI
{"title":"Drivers of site productivity for oak in Poland","authors":"Hoang Duong Xo Viet, Luiza Tymińska-Czabańska, J. Socha","doi":"10.12657/denbio.088.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.088.006","url":null,"abstract":"The site index (SI) is the most commonly used and representative measure of the phytocentric approach; it evaluates the site productivity based on the stand height and age. In the case of mixed stands with complex structures, phytocentric methods are very limited, while in non-forest areas, they are not applicable. In situations where the applicability of phytocentric methods is limited, the site productivity is determined by geocentric methods. Geocentric methods allow direct modelling of site productivity, expressed by SI predicted from various environmental variables. The aim of this study was to develop a geocentric model for oak. Site productivity expressed by SI was described by the environmental variables and stand characteristics. To develop the SI model, we used the data from 2490 NFI plots with dominant oak species (Quercus sessilis and Quercus robur). A generalized additive model was used in modelling site productivity. We documented a significant relationship between SI and the environmental variables, age of stands and stand density. Furthermore, the site productivity for oak is shaped by climate factors, soil type, geology, and altitude. The model developed based on the geocentric method, explained 55.1% of the variation of SI","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46802544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forest tree species are likely to be affected by drought due to global climate change. Drought and nitrogen (N) affect plant growth. Therefore, we should understand the mechanisms underlying the N availability and species response to drought for plant development. This paper had two objectives. First, it determined the effects of N addition on water potential, gas exchange parameters, soluble sugar and photosynthetic pigment content, leaf N concentration, and growth parameters under drought stress and well-watered conditions. Second, it searched the drought response of Quercus ithaburensis Decne. subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge&Yaltırık seedlings under N conditions with drought stress. In a greenhouse, one-year-old seedlings were exposed to two drought stress and nitrogen addition and three drought cycles. Drought stress significantly reduced stem water potential, relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf area, root collar diameter, seedling height, shoot and root dry weight. On the other hand, it increased water use efficiency and soluble sugar content. N addition is effective on soluble sugar content and photosynthetic pigment content, and promoted leaf N concentrations. Nitrogen addition under well-watered conditions stimulated the growth of Q. ithaburensis seedlings. Drought stress changed the physiological response of Q. ithaburensis seedlings (decreased water potential, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate) in the short term, although nitrogen addition under drought stress has not changed the decreasing trend overall.
{"title":"Influence of drought stress and N addition on the gas exchange, biochemical and growth traits in Quercus ithaburensis","authors":"E. Bayar","doi":"10.12657/denbio.088.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.088.007","url":null,"abstract":"Forest tree species are likely to be affected by drought due to global climate change. Drought and nitrogen (N) affect plant growth. Therefore, we should understand the mechanisms underlying the N availability and species response to drought for plant development. This paper had two objectives. First, it determined the effects of N addition on water potential, gas exchange parameters, soluble sugar and photosynthetic pigment content, leaf N concentration, and growth parameters under drought stress and well-watered conditions. Second, it searched the drought response of Quercus ithaburensis Decne. subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge&Yaltırık seedlings under N conditions with drought stress. In a greenhouse, one-year-old seedlings were exposed to two drought stress and nitrogen addition and three drought cycles. Drought stress significantly reduced stem water potential, relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf area, root collar diameter, seedling height, shoot and root dry weight. On the other hand, it increased water use efficiency and soluble sugar content. N addition is effective on soluble sugar content and photosynthetic pigment content, and promoted leaf N concentrations. Nitrogen addition under well-watered conditions stimulated the growth of Q. ithaburensis seedlings. Drought stress changed the physiological response of Q. ithaburensis seedlings (decreased water potential, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate) in the short term, although nitrogen addition under drought stress has not changed the decreasing trend overall.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44936989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aims of this study are to model past (LIG, LGM and Mid-Holocene), present and future (2050 and 2070) distributions of the Quercus vulcanica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Kotschy by using Maximum Entropy, and to predict suitable areas for the conservation of the species for future planning. MaxEnt dis¬tribution modeling was used to model distributions. Results for past bioclimatic conditions show that the distribution area of the species expanded and then contracted (LIG to LGM and LGM to HOL). The modelling shows that the distribution range of the species will be narrower in the future. The species will be facing extinction towards 2070. Therefore, the conservation status of the species should be evaluated according to the present findings. Although the largest population of the Q. vulcanica is found in Isparta and Afyonkarahisar Provinces located in Southwestern Turkey, this area will not be suitable for the growth and survival of the species in the future. For this reason, a new nature reserve area should be established in a more suitable climate.
{"title":"Modelling the potential distribution of the endemic oak Quercus vulcanica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Kotschy in Turkey from the last interglacial to the future: From near threatened to endangered","authors":"A. Sarıkaya, Ö. K. Örücü, I. Sen, O. Sarıkaya","doi":"10.12657/denbio.088.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.088.005","url":null,"abstract":"The aims of this study are to model past (LIG, LGM and Mid-Holocene), present and future (2050 and 2070) distributions of the Quercus vulcanica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Kotschy by using Maximum Entropy, and to predict suitable areas for the conservation of the species for future planning. MaxEnt dis¬tribution modeling was used to model distributions. Results for past bioclimatic conditions show that the distribution area of the species expanded and then contracted (LIG to LGM and LGM to HOL). The modelling shows that the distribution range of the species will be narrower in the future. The species will be facing extinction towards 2070. Therefore, the conservation status of the species should be evaluated according to the present findings. Although the largest population of the Q. vulcanica is found in Isparta and Afyonkarahisar Provinces located in Southwestern Turkey, this area will not be suitable for the growth and survival of the species in the future. For this reason, a new nature reserve area should be established in a more suitable climate.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46795417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relationships among sections and species within each section in the genus Populus have attracted much attention from taxonomists and biologists. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current state of Populus phylogenetics and discuss the origin of some hybrid species. There has been some controversy surrounding the origin of the genus Populus in North America and subsequent dispersal and differentiation in other parts of the world. We present the most plausible scenario based on phylogenetic analysis and fossil records. Sections Abaso, Turanga and Populus are all monophyletic, whereas sections Aigeiros, Tacamahaca and Leucoidesshow some degree of polyphyly. Sections Abaso and Turanga are relatively primitive lineages in Populus. With the accumulation of sequencing data and new analytical tools, it will be possible to investigate more complicated issues concerning genus Populus within a phylogenetic framework.
{"title":"Molecular phylogeny of Populus (Salicaceae, Salicales) with focus on inter- and intrasectional relationships","authors":"S. Du, Xiaoyan Hu, Yujie Yang, Zhaoshan Wang","doi":"10.12657/denbio.088.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.088.004","url":null,"abstract":"The relationships among sections and species within each section in the genus Populus have attracted much attention from taxonomists and biologists. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current state of Populus phylogenetics and discuss the origin of some hybrid species. There has been some controversy surrounding the origin of the genus Populus in North America and subsequent dispersal and differentiation in other parts of the world. We present the most plausible scenario based on phylogenetic analysis and fossil records. Sections Abaso, Turanga and Populus are all monophyletic, whereas sections Aigeiros, Tacamahaca and Leucoidesshow some degree of polyphyly. Sections Abaso and Turanga are relatively primitive lineages in Populus. With the accumulation of sequencing data and new analytical tools, it will be possible to investigate more complicated issues concerning genus Populus within a phylogenetic framework.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49172259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. T. Tuan, Diego I. Rodríguez-Hernández, Vu Cong Tuan, N. Quy, Maxwell C. Obiakara, Joshua Hufton
Understanding the relationship between tree species diversity and above-ground carbon (AGC) storage in tropical forests is essential for a sustainable flow of ecosystem goods and services. Although tropical forests of Vietnam are of particular interest due to their high biodiversity and carbon density, few studies have evaluated the relative importance of species composition, tree species diversity and forest structure on AGC storage by forest vegetation type. In this study, we tested for the influence of taxonomic diversity, forest structure and species composition on AGC storage in evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous forests of Southeast Vietnam. Data was collected within 137 rectangular plots (25 m × 20 m), randomly selected across a deciduous forest (DF) and four evergreen broad-leaved forest (EB) categories, with different standing volumes levels: very poor (EBG), poor (EBP), medium (EBM) and rich (EBR). In total, we identified 3687 individuals from 110 tree species belonging to 46 families in 6.85 hectares of sampled area. AGC storage significantly differed among forest categories, ranging from 14.81 Mg ha−1 in EBG to 146.74 Mg ha−1 in EBR. There was higher AGC in the medium diameter class (20-40 cm), except for EBR where there was higher AGC within individuals of 40-60 cm in diameter. Taxonomic diversity was weakly correlated with AGC while stand structure (stem density and maximum diameter) were strongly correlated. Our results suggest that maintaining the abundance distributions of remnant tree species, particularly that of large trees, is one important method to enhance AGC storage in the tropical ecosytems of southern Vietnam.
{"title":"Effects of tree diversity and stand structure on above-ground carbon storage in evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous forests in Southeast Vietnam","authors":"N. T. Tuan, Diego I. Rodríguez-Hernández, Vu Cong Tuan, N. Quy, Maxwell C. Obiakara, Joshua Hufton","doi":"10.12657/denbio.088.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.088.003","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the relationship between tree species diversity and above-ground carbon (AGC) storage in tropical forests is essential for a sustainable flow of ecosystem goods and services. Although tropical forests of Vietnam are of particular interest due to their high biodiversity and carbon density, few studies have evaluated the relative importance of species composition, tree species diversity and forest structure on AGC storage by forest vegetation type. In this study, we tested for the influence of taxonomic diversity, forest structure and species composition on AGC storage in evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous forests of Southeast Vietnam. Data was collected within 137 rectangular plots (25 m × 20 m), randomly selected across a deciduous forest (DF) and four evergreen broad-leaved forest (EB) categories, with different standing volumes levels: very poor (EBG), poor (EBP), medium (EBM) and rich (EBR). In total, we identified 3687 individuals from 110 tree species belonging to 46 families in 6.85 hectares of sampled area. AGC storage significantly differed among forest categories, ranging from 14.81 Mg ha−1 in EBG to 146.74 Mg ha−1 in EBR. There was higher AGC in the medium diameter class (20-40 cm), except for EBR where there was higher AGC within individuals of 40-60 cm in diameter. Taxonomic diversity was weakly correlated with AGC while stand structure (stem density and maximum diameter) were strongly correlated. Our results suggest that maintaining the abundance distributions of remnant tree species, particularly that of large trees, is one important method to enhance AGC storage in the tropical ecosytems of southern Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43310337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nowak, M. Nobis, S. Nowak, M. Kotowski, S. Świerszcz
The paper presents the first syntaxonomic classification for juniper wood communities in Tajikistan with some remarks on their environmental gradients. A total of 119 relevés were sampled between 2015 and 2021 using the seven-degree Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale. They were classified by a modified TWINSPAN method. Diagnostic species were identified using phi coefficient as a fidelity measure. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) was used to determine relationships between samples, vegetation units and major gradients in species composition. Plant communities have been divided into two main groups. The first one is a west Irano-Turanian wood of Juniperus polycarpos var. seravschanica of the Pamir-Alai mountane belt. It occurs in two variants depending mainly on the aspect and precipitation. The second juniper wood type in Tajikistan is a stand of Juniperus pseudosabina. It prefers the northern slopes and north-eastern ranges of the Pamir-Alai and slightly lower elevations. Both juniper wood types are highly distinct in terms of species composition, especially in the moss layer, and have therefore been assigned to different classes: Pino-Juniperetea (Juniperetum seravschanicae) and Juniperetea pseudosabinae (Carici turkestanicae-Juniperetum pseudosabinae). The main factors determining the species composition of the studied associations are latitude, growing season precipitation, annual range of air temperature and precipitation of coldest quarter. Our study has shown that there are two very distinct vegetation types of the juniper wood groves in Tajikistan, which reflect the main phytogeographical division between the provinces of Turkestan and Central Asia.
{"title":"Phytosociological survey of juniper wood vegetation in Tajikistan (Middle Asia)","authors":"A. Nowak, M. Nobis, S. Nowak, M. Kotowski, S. Świerszcz","doi":"10.12657/denbio.088.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.088.002","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the first syntaxonomic classification for juniper wood communities in Tajikistan with some remarks on their environmental gradients. A total of 119 relevés were sampled between 2015 and 2021 using the seven-degree Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale. They were classified by a modified TWINSPAN method. Diagnostic species were identified using phi coefficient as a fidelity measure. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) was used to determine relationships between samples, vegetation units and major gradients in species composition. Plant communities have been divided into two main groups. The first one is a west Irano-Turanian wood of Juniperus polycarpos var. seravschanica of the Pamir-Alai mountane belt. It occurs in two variants depending mainly on the aspect and precipitation. The second juniper wood type in Tajikistan is a stand of Juniperus pseudosabina. It prefers the northern slopes and north-eastern ranges of the Pamir-Alai and slightly lower elevations. Both juniper wood types are highly distinct in terms of species composition, especially in the moss layer, and have therefore been assigned to different classes: Pino-Juniperetea (Juniperetum seravschanicae) and Juniperetea pseudosabinae (Carici turkestanicae-Juniperetum pseudosabinae). The main factors determining the species composition of the studied associations are latitude, growing season precipitation, annual range of air temperature and precipitation of coldest quarter. Our study has shown that there are two very distinct vegetation types of the juniper wood groves in Tajikistan, which reflect the main phytogeographical division between the provinces of Turkestan and Central Asia.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43641968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Stankova, V. Gyuleva, I. Tsvetkov, E. Popov, K. Kalmukov, D. Dimitrov, E. Andonova, Penka Stefanova
Salix viminalis L. is a broadly cultivated willow species that has been intensively used for breeding purposes, particularly in selection of clones and hybrids for biomass production. The present study aimed to explore and compare growth and adaptability of two basket willow (Salix viminalis L.) clonal varieties - rubra and purpurea - at the specific edaphic and climate conditions and cultivation practice presented in an experimental plantation in North Central Bulgaria. The influence of spacing, genotype, root age and rotation on their productivity were also investigated and allometric relationships for non-destructive estimation of woody plant biomass were suggested. The trial plantation was established in the spring of 2018 as 4 sectors of a Nelder wheel plot with 15 nearly-square spacings, ranging from 0.25 to 9.80 m2 (40000–1020 plants per hectare). The two varieties were arranged in 4 four-spoke sectors (2 sectors per clone). Data collection took place from 2018 to 2020 and comprised 1- and 2-year rotations. The study showed that Salix viminalis var. rubra was more susceptible to desiccation-causing adverse climatic changes, poorly adapted to the specific conditions of the study site and gradually died out during the second and the third year. Salix viminalis var. purpurea exhibited steady survival rate (97 - 77%) and annual biomass productivity varying from 3 to 17 Mg/ha/year across the densities, sectors and years. During the first year of growth purpurea variety had a significantly higher plant weight and sprout number than rubra variety. Growing space affected positively the number of shoots and tree dendromass, and sprouting was reinforced by coppicing that doubled the shoot number during the subsequent rotation. This was reflected in the development of the stump-level allometric models that were differentiated according to rotation. The stump-level allometric model of higher predictive power was based on the main shoot length and shoot number. An exponential relationship to the breast-height shoot diameter was also suggested for biomass estimation of each sprout separately.
{"title":"Adaptive potential and productivity of two Salix viminalis L. clonal varieties grown in North Central Bulgaria","authors":"T. Stankova, V. Gyuleva, I. Tsvetkov, E. Popov, K. Kalmukov, D. Dimitrov, E. Andonova, Penka Stefanova","doi":"10.12657/denbio.088.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.088.001","url":null,"abstract":"Salix viminalis L. is a broadly cultivated willow species that has been intensively used for breeding purposes, particularly in selection of clones and hybrids for biomass production. The present study aimed to explore and compare growth and adaptability of two basket willow (Salix viminalis L.) clonal varieties - rubra and purpurea - at the specific edaphic and climate conditions and cultivation practice presented in an experimental plantation in North Central Bulgaria. The influence of spacing, genotype, root age and rotation on their productivity were also investigated and allometric relationships for non-destructive estimation of woody plant biomass were suggested. The trial plantation was established in the spring of 2018 as 4 sectors of a Nelder wheel plot with 15 nearly-square spacings, ranging from 0.25 to 9.80 m2 (40000–1020 plants per hectare). The two varieties were arranged in 4 four-spoke sectors (2 sectors per clone). Data collection took place from 2018 to 2020 and comprised 1- and 2-year rotations. The study showed that Salix viminalis var. rubra was more susceptible to desiccation-causing adverse climatic changes, poorly adapted to the specific conditions of the study site and gradually died out during the second and the third year. Salix viminalis var. purpurea exhibited steady survival rate (97 - 77%) and annual biomass productivity varying from 3 to 17 Mg/ha/year across the densities, sectors and years. During the first year of growth purpurea variety had a significantly higher plant weight and sprout number than rubra variety. Growing space affected positively the number of shoots and tree dendromass, and sprouting was reinforced by coppicing that doubled the shoot number during the subsequent rotation. This was reflected in the development of the stump-level allometric models that were differentiated according to rotation. The stump-level allometric model of higher predictive power was based on the main shoot length and shoot number. An exponential relationship to the breast-height shoot diameter was also suggested for biomass estimation of each sprout separately.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49051650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joanna Kijowska-Oberc, M. Wawrzyniak, A. Staszak, E. Ratajczak
Accumulation of proline is a defense mechanism against external stress conditions, preventing damage to the structure and function of cells and improving plant development processes, such as germination. The purpose of this study was to investigate proline treatment as a means of improving the germination and development of Norway spruce seedlings. The effect of exogenous proline has been studied in three stages of initial plant development. The collected seeds were soaked in water or 8 mM proline solution and placed on the germinators. The germination capacity and the mean germination time were determined. Seedlings with radicles >10 mm were transferred to the sand-peat substrate at a constant temperature of 20 °C. Seedlings at 3 subsequent developmental stages (S1 – germinated seeds with radicles > 3 mm; S2 – seedlings with radicles >10 mm; S3 – established seedlings grown for 90 days) were examined for the oxygen consumption rate, total antioxidant capacity, hydrogen peroxide level, malondialdehyde level and intracellular proline content. Proline treatment was conducive to lowering the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde at stage S1. At the subsequent stages of development, the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde increased, and at the S3 stage, there was also a marked increase in total antioxidant capacity. At stage S3, the seedlings of the proline treatment were characterized by a lower total mass, and the response to exogenous proline was stronger in the root tissues than in the leaves. The oxygen consumption rate was higher for the proline treatment at all stages of development. Seedlings at the analyzed stages of establishment differed in response to proline treatment. Exogenous proline had some beneficial effects during the first phase of germination by reducing the level of hydrogen peroxide and improving the condition of lipid membranes. In the subsequent stages of seedling development, in response to the same concentration of proline solution, undesirable effects, such as an increase in hydrogen peroxide levels and damage to cytoplasmic membranes, were observed. Optimal concentrations of exogenous proline should be determined prior to commercial use of proline treatment to improve plant stress tolerance.
{"title":"Exogenous seed treatment with proline and its consequences to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) seedling establishment","authors":"Joanna Kijowska-Oberc, M. Wawrzyniak, A. Staszak, E. Ratajczak","doi":"10.12657/denbio.087.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.087.011","url":null,"abstract":"Accumulation of proline is a defense mechanism against external stress conditions, preventing damage to the structure and function of cells and improving plant development processes, such as germination. The purpose of this study was to investigate proline treatment as a means of improving the germination and development of Norway spruce seedlings. The effect of exogenous proline has been studied in three stages of initial plant development. The collected seeds were soaked in water or 8 mM proline solution and placed on the germinators. The germination capacity and the mean germination time were determined. Seedlings with radicles >10 mm were transferred to the sand-peat substrate at a constant temperature of 20 °C. Seedlings at 3 subsequent developmental stages (S1 – germinated seeds with radicles > 3 mm; S2 – seedlings with radicles >10 mm; S3 – established seedlings grown for 90 days) were examined for the oxygen consumption rate, total antioxidant capacity, hydrogen peroxide level, malondialdehyde level and intracellular proline content. Proline treatment was conducive to lowering the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde at stage S1. At the subsequent stages of development, the levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde increased, and at the S3 stage, there was also a marked increase in total antioxidant capacity. At stage S3, the seedlings of the proline treatment were characterized by a lower total mass, and the response to exogenous proline was stronger in the root tissues than in the leaves. The oxygen consumption rate was higher for the proline treatment at all stages of development. Seedlings at the analyzed stages of establishment differed in response to proline treatment. Exogenous proline had some beneficial effects during the first phase of germination by reducing the level of hydrogen peroxide and improving the condition of lipid membranes. In the subsequent stages of seedling development, in response to the same concentration of proline solution, undesirable effects, such as an increase in hydrogen peroxide levels and damage to cytoplasmic membranes, were observed. Optimal concentrations of exogenous proline should be determined prior to commercial use of proline treatment to improve plant stress tolerance.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42572140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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