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Systematics and distribution of spruce species in the North-West of Russia 俄罗斯西北部云杉物种的系统学和分布
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.12657/denbio.084.002
L. Orlova, Galina Gussarova, E. Glazkova, A. Egorov, A. Potokin, S. Ivanov
Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Siberian spruce (P. obovata) are among the most important forest-forming coniferous species in the boreal part of Eurasia. Despite numerous publications on the taxonomy of Norway spruce and closely related taxa (P. obovata Ledeb. and P. fennica (Regel) Kom.), the problem of their identification, as well as clarification of their taxonomic status, has not been solved so far. Species delimitation is particularly challenging when P. abies, P. obovata and P. fennica occur in sympatry. Our study aims to assess taxonomic value of proposed earlier and search for stable diagnostic characters of cones and their scales to distinguish Picea abies and its sympatric in the North-West of Russia P. fennica and P. obovata. In addition, we analyzed and updated information on geographical distribution and phytocenotic characteristics of the above-mentioned species in the North-West of the European part of Russia. We examined herbarium specimens and cones sampled from 88 trees from 22 Picea stands located throughout the study region. Each tree was represented on average by 5 cones, in total 415 cones were analyzed. Morphometric analyses included 16 morphological characters of cones and their scales selected based on our own observations and published data. Multivariate comparison had shown a large overlap between P. obovata and P. fennica, while individuals of P. abies formed a separate and less overlapping cluster. Among the six qualitative (discrete) characters, shape of seed scale and shape of its upper margin have non-overlapping frequency distributions and can separate P. abies and P. obovata. Several new diagnostic characters are proposed: morphology and size of bract scales and ratio of the size of seed scales and bract scales. Phytocenotic analysis showed that different spruce taxa occupy specific habitats, which in their turn connected with the latitudinal gradient: in normally drained habitats, Picea obovata is found mainly in poor shrubby-green-mossy forests, which are typical of the northern and middle parts of the Northern taiga; Picea abies – in richer green-mossy habitats (Vaccinioso-hylocomiosum, Oxalidoso-hylocomiosum, Hylocomiosum), which begin to occur already from the middle part of the Northern taiga. Picea fennica occupies both habitats.
挪威云杉(Picea abies)和西伯利亚云杉(P.obovata)是欧亚大陆北部最重要的成林针叶树种。尽管有许多关于挪威云杉分类学和密切相关分类群的出版物(P.obovata Ledeb.和P.fennica(Regel)Kom),到目前为止,它们的鉴定以及分类地位的澄清问题还没有得到解决。当P.abies、P.obovata和P.fennica出现在同一群落中时,物种划界尤其具有挑战性。我们的研究旨在评估早期提出的分类价值,并寻找球果及其鳞片的稳定诊断特征,以区分俄罗斯西北部的云杉及其同域植物P.fennica和P.obovata。此外,我们分析并更新了上述物种在俄罗斯欧洲西北部的地理分布和植物群落特征的信息。我们检查了来自整个研究区域22个云杉林的88棵树的植物标本馆标本和球果。每棵树平均用5个锥体表示,总共分析了415个锥体。形态计量学分析包括根据我们自己的观察和发表的数据选择的锥体及其鳞片的16个形态特征。多变量比较显示,obovata和P.fennica之间有很大的重叠,而P.abies的个体形成了一个单独的、重叠较少的集群。在6个定性(离散)性状中,种子鳞片的形状和其上缘的形状具有不重叠的频率分布,可以分离出小袋鼠和obovata。提出了几个新的诊断特征:苞片鳞片的形态和大小,种子鳞片和苞片鳞片大小的比值。植物群落分析表明,不同的云杉类群占据着特定的栖息地,这反过来又与纬度梯度有关:在正常排水的栖息地中,圆柏主要分布在贫瘠的灌木绿色苔藓林中,这是典型的北针叶林北部和中部;云杉——在更丰富的绿色苔藓栖息地(Vaccinioso hylocomiosum、Oxalidoso hylocomiusum、Hylocomiosm),这些栖息地已经从北部针叶林的中部开始出现。芬尼卡云杉占据了这两个栖息地。
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引用次数: 4
Leaf area – sapwood area relationship in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) under mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum) infection 苏格兰松(Pinus sylvestris L.)在槲寄生(Viscum album ssp.austracum)感染下的叶面积-边材面积关系
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.12657/denbio.084.001
E. Bilgili, K. Coskuner, M. Öztürk
Leaf area is linearly correlated with sapwood area in trees. The linearity of this relationship can be affected by some biotic and abiotic factors. Mistletoes are hemi parasitic plants that take up water and mineral nutrients from their hosts and affect host physiological responses. There is no conclusive evidence to show the effect of pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum) on leaf area and sapwood area relationship in Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) at tree level. The aim of this study is to determine and quantify the effect of pine mistletoe on the structural variation of leaf area and sapwood area relationship at tree level in Scots pine. A total of 18 mistletoe infected and 12 uninfected Scots pine trees were destructively sampled. All needles and mistletoes were completely removed from sampled trees to determine needle and mistletoe characteristics, biomass and leaf area. Sapwood areas at breast height (BH) and at crown base height (CBH) were determined from wood discs taken from BH (1.3m) and CBH. Sapwood area was delineated by benzidine staining method. Pearson correlation, t-test and regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between sapwood area and needle-mistletoe leaf area relationships. The results indicated that both the relationships between sapwood area and leaf area in uninfected, and sapwood area and total leaf area (needle plus mistletoe leaf only) in infected trees were linear. However, the slope of regression equation for mistletoe infected trees was considerably lower when compared to the uninfected trees. As for the variation of the sapwood area along the stem below live crown, there was a slight difference between sapwood area at BH and CBH. The study showed also that mistletoe infection led to a significant reduction in needle size (length, width, area and weight) in Scots pine trees. Significant relationships were found between the sapwood area and leaf area in this study. The results of this study may help fill the gap in the knowledge concerning the impacts of pine mistletoe on the dynamics of Scots pine trees.
树木的叶面积与边材面积呈线性相关。这种关系的线性可能受到一些生物和非生物因素的影响。槲寄生是半寄生植物,从宿主那里吸收水分和矿物质营养,并影响宿主的生理反应。目前还没有确凿的证据表明松槲寄生(Viscum album ssp.austracum)在树水平上对苏格兰松(Pinus sylvestris L.)叶面积和边材面积关系的影响。本研究的目的是确定和量化松槲寄生对苏格兰松树级叶面积和边材面积关系结构变化的影响。共对18棵槲寄生感染和12棵未感染的苏格兰松树进行了破坏性采样。从采样的树木中完全去除所有的针叶和槲寄生,以确定针叶和槲寄生的特征、生物量和叶面积。根据取自BH(1.3m)和CBH的木盘,测定了胸高(BH)和冠基高度(CBH)的边材面积。用联苯胺染色法划定边材面积。通过Pearson相关、t检验和回归分析,确定边材面积与针槲寄生叶面积之间的关系。结果表明,未感染树木的边材面积与叶面积、感染树木的边材面积与总叶面积(仅针加槲寄生叶)均呈线性关系。然而,与未受感染的树木相比,受槲寄生感染的树木的回归方程的斜率要低得多。活冠下树干边材面积的变化,BH和CBH边材面积略有差异。研究还表明,槲寄生感染导致苏格兰松树的针头大小(长度、宽度、面积和重量)显著减少。边材面积与叶面积之间存在显著的相关性。这项研究的结果可能有助于填补松槲寄生对苏格兰松树动态影响的知识空白。
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引用次数: 5
Seedling growth, root development and nutrient use efficiency of Cypress clones in response to calcium fertilizer 钙肥对柏树无性系幼苗生长、根系发育及养分利用效率的影响
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2020-04-29 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-23579/v1
Zhen Zhang, Guoqing Jin, Zhichun Zhou
Background:Cypress (Cupressus funebris Endl.) is an important tree species in the subtropics of China, it is also a major tree species for afforestation and forest land restoration under infertile site conditions. Cypress is considered to be a calcicolous tree, whose there are growth and development can be promoted significantly by exchangeable Calcium (Ca2+) in the soil. However, most of the subtropical regions have infertile acidic soils, in which Ca2+ gradually becomes a limiting element for cypress growth.Results:In this study, different concentrations of Ca2+ fertilizer were added under fertile and infertile soil conditions. Cypress clones responded differently to Ca2+ addition in different soil conditions. In the infertile soil, the addition of 3 g•kg− 1 Ca2+ advanced and prolonged the fast-growing period of seedling height growth, increased plant height and dry biomass, promoted the development of fine roots ≤ 1.5 mm in diameter, and improved accumulation efficiencies of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and Ca by the roots in cypress clones; however, the addition of 6 g•kg− 1 Ca2+ inhibited height growth and root development of cypress. In the fertile soil, Ca2+ addition delayed and shortened the fast-growing period for cypress height growth, but plant height and dry biomass did not differ significantly between treatments; Ca2+ addition also inhibited the development of fine roots. The clone with fast height growth had a larger proportion of roots with a diameter ≤ 1.5 mm and achieved higher N accumulation efficiency, while Ca accumulation efficiency showed genotypic differences only in the fertile soil.Conclusions:An appropriate level of Ca2+ can be added to infertile soil to promote cypress seedling growth, and clones with fast height growth and developed fine roots can be selected for cultivation and promotion in the fertile soil without Ca2+ application.
背景:柏树(Cupressus funebris Endl.)是我国亚热带的一个重要树种,也是在贫瘠场地条件下造林和恢复林地的主要树种。柏树被认为是一种含钙树,土壤中的可交换钙(Ca2+)能显著促进其生长发育。然而,大多数亚热带地区都有贫瘠的酸性土壤,其中Ca2+逐渐成为柏树生长的限制元素。结果:本研究在肥沃和贫瘠的土壤条件下添加不同浓度的Ca2+肥料。不同土壤条件下,柏树无性系对Ca2+的反应不同。在贫瘠的土壤中,添加3 g•kg− 1 Ca2+促进和延长苗高生长的速生期,增加株高和干生物量,促进细根发育 ≤ 直径为1.5mm,并且提高了柏树无性系中根系对氮(N)、磷(P)和钙的积累效率;然而,添加6 g•kg− 1 Ca2+对柏木株高生长和根系发育有抑制作用。在肥沃的土壤中,Ca2+的添加延缓和缩短了柏树高生长的速生期,但不同处理的株高和干生物量差异不显著;Ca2+的添加也抑制了细根的发育。高度生长快的无性系具有较大比例的直径根 ≤ 1.5 mm,N积累效率较高,而Ca积累效率仅在肥沃土壤中表现出基因型差异。结论:可在贫瘠的土壤中添加适量的Ca2+促进柏树幼苗生长,并可选择高生长快、细根发达的无性系在不施用Ca2+的肥沃土壤中进行培育和推广。
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引用次数: 4
Interspecific differentiation and gene exchange among the Slovak Quercus sect. Quercus populations 斯洛伐克栎属间的种间分化和基因交换。栎类种群
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2020-04-20 DOI: 10.12657/denbio.083.002
Vladimír Mačejovský, J. Schmidtová, Matúš Hrivnák, D. Krajmerová, I. Sarvašová, D. Gömöry
European white oak species (Quercus sect. Quercus) are known to share a substantial part of their nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes as a result of extensive interspecific hybridization and introgression. We studied natural populations of three species distributed in Slovakia, namely Q. robur, Q. petraea and Q. pubescens, which are largely sympatric but have contrasting ecological requirements, using a combination of leaf morphometry, neutral nuclear microsatellite markers (nSSR) and potentially adaptive amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP). Bayesian analysis of population structure relying on nSSR revealed that the degree of admixture was relatively low in Q. robur but higher in Q. petraea and Q. pubescens. The inferred Q. robur ancestry closely correlated with morphometric scores of the canonical discriminant analysis based on 13 leaf traits, while for the other two species the correlation was much weaker. We identified two AFLP fragments associated with climatic variables, mainly with air vapour pressure and characteristics of temperature regime at the sites of origin. These associations indicate that climatic adaptation is the mechanism driving interspecific divergence and maintaining integrity of white oak species.
众所周知,由于广泛的种间杂交和渗入,欧洲白橡树(Quercus section.Quercus)共享其细胞核和细胞质基因组的很大一部分。我们结合叶片形态计量学、中性核微卫星标记(nSSR)和潜在的适应性扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP),研究了分布在斯洛伐克的三个物种的自然种群,即粗壮Q.robur、petraea和毛Q。基于nSSR的种群结构贝叶斯分析表明,粗壮Q.的混合程度相对较低,而毛Q.和毛Q.的混杂程度较高。推断出的粗壮Q.祖先与基于13个叶片性状的典型判别分析的形态计量分数密切相关,而对于其他两个物种,这种相关性要弱得多。我们鉴定了两个与气候变量有关的AFLP片段,主要与起源地的空气蒸气压和温度状况特征有关。这些关联表明,气候适应是白栎种间分化和维持完整性的机制。
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引用次数: 1
Long-term effect of climate and air pollution on health status and growth of Picea abies (L.) Karst. peaty forests in the Black Triangle region 气候和空气污染对喀斯特云杉健康状况和生长的长期影响。黑三角地区的泥炭林
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2020-04-14 DOI: 10.12657/denbio.083.001
Z. Vacek, S. Vacek, A. Prokůpková, Daniel Bulušek, V. Podrázský, I. Hůnová, T. Putalová, J. Král’
The Jizerské hory Mts. (the Czech Republic) are part of the Black Triangle region strongly affected by a decline and dieback of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) stands since the 1970s. In the studied peaty spruce stands in the summit parts of the Jizerské hory Mts., the health status, radial growth and foliar nutrient content in relation to air pollution (SO2, NOX and O3) and climate factors (temperature, precipitation) were investigated in 1960–2015. A considerable disturbance of the stand structure induced by an increased mortality was observed in 1981–1983 when more than a half of the tree individuals died. Severe defoliation occurred in 1981 as a consequence of the synergic effects of air pollution, winter desiccation and spruce bark beetle outbreak, as well as in 2015 due to the drought and high temperatures. Tree ring analyses indicated significant growth depression in 1979–1987, a period of the highest SO2 load, and in 2010–2015. Foliation and diameter increment were significantly influenced by SO2 and NOX concentrations, the maximum daily concentration being the most negative factor; no significant correlation of the ozone exposure was detected, though. Foliar analyses also document significant negative impacts of air pollutants on the nutrient status of forest stands, mainly in the increase of the sulphur level. Since 1990, a significant increase in calcium and magnesium has been observed, as a result of forest liming. Interaction between radial growth and temperature was stronger compared to precipitation. Low temperatures and high precipitation in growing season were the limiting factors for radial growth in waterlogged
(捷克共和国)是黑三角地区的一部分,受到挪威云杉(Picea abies [L.])衰退和枯死的强烈影响。喀斯特)自20世纪70年代以来一直存在。研究了1960-2015年吉泽尔斯科山峰顶泥炭云杉林分健康状况、径向生长和叶面养分含量与大气污染(SO2、NOX和O3)和气候因子(温度、降水)的关系。1981 ~ 1983年,林分结构因死亡率的增加而发生了很大的变化,超过一半的林分死亡。1981年由于空气污染、冬季干燥和云杉树皮甲虫爆发的协同作用,以及2015年由于干旱和高温,发生了严重的落叶。树木年轮分析表明,1979-1987年是SO2负荷最高的时期,2010-2015年是生长明显衰退的时期。SO2和NOX浓度对叶理和径增有显著影响,最大日浓度是最大负向因子;然而,没有发现臭氧暴露的显著相关性。叶面分析也记录了空气污染物对林分营养状况的显著负面影响,主要是硫水平的增加。自1990年以来,由于森林石灰化,已观察到钙和镁的显著增加。径向生长与温度的相互作用强于降水。生长季低温和高降水是涝渍区径向生长的限制因素
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引用次数: 11
Stand dynamics in natural Scots pine forests as a model for adaptation management? 自然苏格兰松林林分动态作为适应性管理模式?
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2020-01-17 DOI: 10.12657/denbio.082.004
S. Vacek, Z. Vacek, L. Bílek, J. Remeš, I. Hůnová, Daniel Bulušek, J. Král’, Jakub Brichta
The paper deals with the dynamics of structure, diversity and growth of natural pine stands without direct human impact during the ten-year period in Nature Reserve (NR) Kostelecké bory, Czech Republic. The objective was to determine the main characteristics of the spontaneous development of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest stands in relation to their naturalness, ecological stability and adaptation to climate change and air pollution stress. Horizontal and vertical structure and species diversity of the tree layer, dead wood and natural regeneration of each permanent research plot (PRP) were evaluated (n = 6, 50 × 50 m /0.25 ha/, Northern Bohemia, 410–425 m above sea level). The average ring series of PRPs were correlated with the climatic data (precipitation, temperature) according to individual years from the Doksy climatic station, and the air pollution data (SO2 in 1988–2015, NOX and AOT40F – ozone exposure in 1992–2015) from Radimovice station. In 2016, the stand volume increased by 26.0% to 136 m3 ha−1 (108 m3 ha−1 in 2006) and the volume of dead wood increase by 127.2% to 27 m3 ha−1 (12 m3 ha−1 in 2006). The horizontal structure of tree layer and natural regeneration was predominantly aggregated to random. More distinct changes in biodiversity and structural characteristics occurred in the natural regeneration (21.5%) compared to tree layer (2.8%). The precipitation had a significantly higher effect on radial growth compared to temperature. The lack of precipitation in growing season and high temperature in previous autumn and winter were limiting factors for growth. Climatic factors had significant effect on diameter increment in July of the current year (P < 0.01) and June of the current and previous year (P < 0.05). Radial growth was negatively correlated with SO2 concentrations (P < 0.01) and ozone exposure (P < 0.05). NOX concentrations had low effect on radial growth. The natural stand dynamics had positive effect on biodiversity and functional integrity of natural pine ecosystems.
本文研究了捷克kosteleck bory自然保护区10年来无直接人为影响的天然松林的结构、多样性和生长动态。目的是确定苏格兰松(Pinus sylvestris L.)林分自然发展的主要特征,包括天然性、生态稳定性和对气候变化和空气污染压力的适应。对每个永久研究样地(PRP)的树层、枯木和自然更新的水平和垂直结构及物种多样性进行了评估(n = 6, 50 × 50 m /0.25 ha/,北波西米亚,海拔410-425 m)。PRPs的平均环序列与Doksy气候站的降水、温度、Radimovice站的大气污染数据(1988-2015年SO2、1992-2015年NOX和AOT40F -臭氧暴露)进行了相关分析。2016年,林分蓄积量增加26.0%至136 m3 ha - 1(2006年为108 m3 ha - 1),枯木蓄积量增加127.2%至27 m3 ha - 1(2006年为12 m3 ha - 1)。树层水平结构和自然更新以聚集到随机为主。生物多样性和结构特征的变化在自然更新层(21.5%)明显高于乔木层(2.8%)。与温度相比,降水对径向生长的影响更大。生长期降水不足和以往秋冬高温是制约生长的因素。气候因子对当年7月(P < 0.01)、当年6月(P < 0.05)和当年6月(P < 0.05)的直径增量有显著影响。径向生长与SO2浓度(P < 0.01)和臭氧暴露(P < 0.05)呈负相关。NOX浓度对径向生长的影响较小。自然林分动态对天然松林生态系统的生物多样性和功能完整性具有积极影响。
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引用次数: 7
Influence of biostimulant application in containerized Eucalyptus globulus Labill. seedlings after transplanting 生物刺激剂在集装箱蓝桉中的应用影响。移植后的幼苗
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2020-01-07 DOI: 10.12657/denbio.082.003
T. Ozyhar, G. Mughini, M. Marchi
The use of biostimulants (amino acid containing protein hydrolysate) in forestry field has received much less attention so far than in agriculture. Promising evidences were reported in literature with useful application for nursery activities, stimulating early growth and reducing transplanting stress. This study investigates the potential benefits induced by an amino acid-based animal-derived protein hydrolysate biostimulant (Siapton® by Isagro) in containerized Eucalyptus globulus seedlings following transplanting. Foliar and soil drench applications were applied using two different concentrations each (2.5 ml.l−1 and 5.0 ml.l−1 for foliar, 10 ml.l−1 and 20 ml.l−1 for soil). Measures on seedling height, apical shot formation, total aboveground (dry weight of leaves and stem) and belowground biomass (dry weight of roots) 120 days after transplanting were made to quantify the effect on growth. The contrasts analysis on results revealed a positive effect of the biostimulant on many of the measured parameters, especially with foliar application using the lowest concentration (2.5 ml.l−1). The foliar application was overall suggested as more efficient than soil drench also allowing lower inputs (i.e. biostimulant quantity). The main consequence of the treatment was an increased biomass allocation in the stem (above ground biomass) due to a stimulated leaves production which might suggest an increased photosynthetic activity and growth. Conversely no influence was detectable on total height of seedlings neither on the collar diameter. The biostimulant treatment on containerized Eucalyptus globulus positively influenced some features of seedlings’ growth after transplanting and the use of biostimulant with foliar application during the hardening phase in the nursery, appears to be a promising technique to potentially improve seedling growth after transplanting. An interesting impact from application of biostimulant on biomass accumulation following transplanting was here demonstrated. Anyway, further research to verify the results on different tree species as well as under open field conditions is envisioned.
到目前为止,生物刺激剂(含氨基酸的蛋白质水解物)在林业领域的应用远不如在农业领域受到关注。文献报道了一些有希望的证据,这些证据对苗圃活动、促进早期生长和减轻移植压力都有有用的应用。本研究调查了一种基于氨基酸的动物源性蛋白质水解物生物刺激剂(Isagro的Siapton®)在移植后对容器化蓝桉幼苗的潜在益处。使用两种不同的浓度施用叶面和土壤灌溉(叶面分别为2.5 ml.l−1和5.0 ml.l–1,土壤分别为10 ml.l-1和20 ml.l−1)。在移植120天后,对幼苗高度、顶芽形成、地上总生物量(叶和茎干重)和地下生物量(根干重)进行了测量,以量化对生长的影响。结果对比分析显示,生物刺激剂对许多测量参数都有积极影响,尤其是使用最低浓度(2.5 ml.l−1)的叶面施用。总体而言,叶面施用比土壤灌溉更有效,也允许更低的输入(即生物刺激剂量)。处理的主要结果是由于刺激了叶片的产生,增加了茎中的生物量分配(地上生物量),这可能表明光合活性和生长增加。相反,对幼苗的总高度和项圈直径都没有检测到影响。容器化蓝桉的生物刺激剂处理对移植后幼苗生长的一些特征产生了积极影响,在苗圃的硬化阶段使用生物刺激剂和叶面施用,似乎是一种有潜力改善移植后幼苗增长的技术。生物刺激剂的应用对移植后生物量积累产生了有趣的影响。无论如何,我们设想进一步的研究来验证不同树种以及开阔地条件下的结果。
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引用次数: 1
Genome-wide association study of terpenoids in resin reveals candidate genes for resin yield in Pinus massoniana 马尾松树脂中萜类化合物的全基因组关联研究揭示马尾松树脂产量的候选基因
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.12657/denbio.084.009
Bai Qingsong, Zhang Qian, Cai Yanling, Liang Huiming, Liu Wanchuan, Luo Min, Zeng Linghai, Boxiang He
Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) is an important species for resin tapping in China. Molecular assisted selection (MAS) has been gradually introduced in to the selection and breeding of masson pine. Until now, the lack of connection between genome information and phenotypic data has hindered the breeding and selection of important chemical compounds of xylem resin. In this study, gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) was employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical compounds of resin collected from 69 masson pine germplasm resources. Then, genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted for the terpenoids with higher heritability. A total of 15 primary compounds, including six diterpenes and nine monoterpenes/sesquiterpenes, were detected from xylem resin. By using five GWAS methods, 42 associated SNPs were identified from these masson pines. The P. taeda genome database was used for detecting candidate genes related to the associated SNPs. By using transcriptome data, several members of PKc_like super family, Cytochrome P450, AP2-EFR, F-box, and ABC transporter were found to be highly expressed in the masson pines with higher resin-yielding capacity. The terpenoids associated SNPs can be directly used for MAS. These candidate genes, especially the two F-box members, will contribute to the study of terpenoid biosynthesis mechanisms in the future.
马尾松(Pinus massoniana)是中国重要的树脂采伐树种。分子辅助选择(MAS)已逐渐引入到马尾松的选育中。到目前为止,基因组信息与表型数据之间缺乏联系,阻碍了木质部树脂重要化合物的育种和选择。本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对69种马尾松种质资源中树脂的化学成分进行了定性和定量分析。然后对遗传力较高的萜类进行全基因组关联研究(GWAS)。从木质部树脂中共检出15种主要化合物,包括6种二萜和9种单萜/倍半萜。通过5种GWAS方法,从马尾松中鉴定出42个相关snp。利用taeda基因组数据库检测相关snp的候选基因。通过转录组数据,发现PKc_like超家族的几个成员、细胞色素P450、AP2-EFR、F-box和ABC转运蛋白在具有较高产脂能力的马尾松中高表达。萜类化合物相关的snp可直接用于MAS。这些候选基因,特别是两个F-box成员,将有助于未来萜类生物合成机制的研究。
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引用次数: 2
Microbial assisted phytoextraction of Cd2+ by Salix viminalis under in vitro culture conditions 柳树体外培养条件下微生物辅助植物提取Cd2+的研究
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.12657/denbio.082.007
M. Złoch, B. Furtado, A. Trejgell, J. Tyburski, T. Kowalkowski, S. Szymańska, K. Hrynkiewicz
Microbially assisted phytoremediation is considered as the most promising eco-friendly solution for recultivation of heavy metal polluted soils. In vitro experiments can be favorable systems that allow assessing compatibility and efficiency of both partners (e.g. plant-microorganism) which reduces time and space in the initial stages of this technology. The main objective of this study was: (1) to calculate the Cd2+ accumulation factors (e.g. BCF, Ti, AF) using willow (Salix viminalis L.) inoculated with three Streptomyces sp. strains under in vitro conditions and (2) to compare obtained results with that derived from pot experiments by Złoch et al. (2017). Our results reveal significantly increase in Cd2+ accumulation capacity of Streptomyces spp. inoculated willow plants, indicating microbial stimulation of phytoextraction. Additionally, inoculated plants showed higher biomass production and lower lipids peroxidation level. The results revealed significant increase of MEA, BCF, Ti, MER by Strep-1 and Strep-2 in the above-ground parts of inoculated plants. Moreover, of the three strains tested, Strep-1 (Streptomyces sp. SIIB-Zn-R8) demonstrated the highest impact on the Cd2+ phytoextraction efficiency. In conclusion, the proposed in vitro model system allowed predicting Cd2+ phytoextraction capacity performed using inoculated willow plants with the significant reduction of both time and space.
微生物辅助植物修复被认为是重金属污染土壤修复中最有前途的生态友好解决方案。体外实验可以是一个有利的系统,允许评估合作伙伴(例如植物-微生物)的兼容性和效率,从而减少了该技术初始阶段的时间和空间。本研究的主要目的是:(1)利用柳树(Salix viminalis L.)接种三种链霉菌(Streptomyces sp.)菌株,在体外条件下计算Cd2+积累因子(BCF、Ti、AF);(2)将所得结果与Złoch等人(2017)的盆栽实验结果进行比较。研究结果表明,链霉菌接种柳树后,柳树的Cd2+积累能力显著增加,表明植物提取受到了微生物的刺激。此外,接种植株生物量增加,脂质过氧化水平降低。结果表明,Strep-1和Strep-2显著提高了接种植株地上部分的MEA、BCF、Ti、MER含量。此外,3株菌株中,Strep-1 (Streptomyces sp. SIIB-Zn-R8)对Cd2+植物提取效率影响最大。综上所述,该体外模型系统可以预测接种柳树植物提取Cd2+的能力,且时间和空间都显著减少。
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引用次数: 0
Similarity of chromosome structure among Populus tremula var. davidiana, Populus alba and their hybrids revealed by FISH karyotype analysis 利用FISH核型分析揭示了白杨、山杨及其杂交种染色体结构的相似性
IF 0.9 4区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.12657/denbio.083.007
Yang-Gil Kim, Soon-Ho Kwon, Hyesoon Kang, Da-Bin Yoem, Ki Won Kim, Hyun Hee Kim, K. Kang
The genus Populus is one of the important tree species in Korean peninsula and many other countries in the world. It represents the model species of forest genomics because it grows fast and reproduces rapidly. In this reason, their genetic characteristics have been well studied and the whole genome has been sequenced completely in some species. However, cytogenetic study of the genus Populus has been limited. In the present study, karyotypes of Korean aspen (P. tremula var. davidiana), Silver poplar (P. alba) and their two hybrids, Suwon aspen (P. tremula var. glandulosa) and Hyun aspen (P. alba × P. tremula var. glandulsa) were analyzed by means of the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Root samples were collected from mature trees in the demonstration forest, located at Suwon, Kyonggi province in South Korea. The fresh root cells were examined by DAPI (4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining and FISH using 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA probes. As the results, the chromosome compositions of all species were the same as 2n = 38. The karyotype formulas of Korean aspen, Silver poplar, Suwon aspen and Hyun aspen were 28m + 6sm + 4st (2sat), 26m + 10sm (2sat) + 2st, 26m + 12sm (2sat) and 28m + 10sm (2sat), respectively. The four species had one pair of 45S rDNA site and one pair of 5S rDNA site in common with FISH karyotypes. The similarity of FISH karyotypes among four species indicated close genetic relationship and coexistence of their interspecific hybrids. This research will provide genetic information on cytogenetic research of Populus and genetic mapping that can be applied to the breeding program of Populus in the near future.
杨树属是朝鲜半岛和世界上许多国家的重要树种之一。它代表了森林基因组学的模式物种,因为它生长快,繁殖快。因此,人们对它们的遗传特征进行了很好的研究,并对一些物种的全基因组进行了测序。然而,对杨树属植物的细胞遗传学研究还很有限。本研究采用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术对韩国白杨(P. tremula var. davidiana)、银杨(P. alba)及其两个杂交品种水原白杨(P. tremula var. glandulsa)和Hyun杨杨(P. alba × P. tremula var. glandulsa)的核型进行了分析。根样本是从位于韩国京畿道水原的示范森林的成熟树木上采集的。采用DAPI(4′,6-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚)染色,45S rDNA和5S rDNA探针检测新鲜根细胞。结果表明,各种属的染色体组成均为2n = 38。韩杨、银杨、水原杨和玄杨的核型公式分别为28m + 6sm + 4st (2sat)、26m + 10sm (2sat) + 2st、26m + 12sm (2sat)和28m + 10sm (2sat)。这4个物种与FISH核型共有1对45S rDNA位点和1对5S rDNA位点。四种间FISH核型的相似性表明它们的种间杂交亲缘关系密切,且存在共存关系。本研究将为杨树的细胞遗传学研究和遗传作图提供遗传信息,为杨树的育种规划提供参考。
{"title":"Similarity of chromosome structure among Populus tremula var. davidiana, Populus alba and their hybrids revealed by FISH karyotype analysis","authors":"Yang-Gil Kim, Soon-Ho Kwon, Hyesoon Kang, Da-Bin Yoem, Ki Won Kim, Hyun Hee Kim, K. Kang","doi":"10.12657/denbio.083.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.083.007","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Populus is one of the important tree species in Korean peninsula and many other countries in the world. It represents the model species of forest genomics because it grows fast and reproduces rapidly. In this reason, their genetic characteristics have been well studied and the whole genome has been sequenced completely in some species. However, cytogenetic study of the genus Populus has been limited. In the present study, karyotypes of Korean aspen (P. tremula var. davidiana), Silver poplar (P. alba) and their two hybrids, Suwon aspen (P. tremula var. glandulosa) and Hyun aspen (P. alba × P. tremula var. glandulsa) were analyzed by means of the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Root samples were collected from mature trees in the demonstration forest, located at Suwon, Kyonggi province in South Korea. The fresh root cells were examined by DAPI (4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining and FISH using 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA probes. As the results, the chromosome compositions of all species were the same as 2n = 38. The karyotype formulas of Korean aspen, Silver poplar, Suwon aspen and Hyun aspen were 28m + 6sm + 4st (2sat), 26m + 10sm (2sat) + 2st, 26m + 12sm (2sat) and 28m + 10sm (2sat), respectively. The four species had one pair of 45S rDNA site and one pair of 5S rDNA site in common with FISH karyotypes. The similarity of FISH karyotypes among four species indicated close genetic relationship and coexistence of their interspecific hybrids. This research will provide genetic information on cytogenetic research of Populus and genetic mapping that can be applied to the breeding program of Populus in the near future.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"83 1","pages":"68-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66209930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Dendrobiology
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