Agustinus Murdjoko, Dony Aristone Djitmau, A. Ungirwalu, Anton Silas Sinery, Rima Herlina Setiawati Siburian, Z. Mardiyadi, Alfredo Ottow Wanma, Jimmy Frans Wanma, Alexander Rumatora, Wolfram Yahya Mofu, Descarlo Worabai, Nunang Lamaek May, Marthen Mathias Jitmau, George Alexander Frans Mentansan, Keliopas Krey, Ishak Musaad, Marhan Manaf, Yunus Abdullah, Hans Mamboai, Khristian Enggar Pamuji, Syafrudin Raharjo, A. Kilmaskossu, S. Bachri, Nur-Alzair Nur-Alzair, Nithanel Mikael Hendrik Benu, Junus Tambing, Relawan Kuswandi, L. Khayati, Krisma Lekitoo
Trees are significant components of ecosystems built by several widespread species. For instance, Papua forest is known to comprise abiotic and biotic elements. Also, certain plants have grown in popularity to a point where they are discovered almost everywhere. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate tree diversity, distribution, and the importance of conservation. Data were collected in four locations using a total of 24 sample plots spread across Idoor, Karst, Persemaian, and Torembi, where seven, four, seven, and five plots were allocated, respectively. These forests formed a mixed natural plantation comprising 76 species from 35 families. Furthermore, Idoor and Karst generated the highest species diversity and varied significantly compared to Persemaian, while Torembi showed similarities with the other three locations. This condition formed three ecosystem communities across Persemaian, Karst, Idoor, and Torembi. Also, the composition of the dominant species showed variations at the seedling and sapling levels believed to structure the understory, while the pole and tree levels characterized the overstory. The total species status was described as critically endangered (CR) of two species, vulnerable (VU) of six species, least concern (LC) of 28 species, and data deficient (DD) species. Therefore, location management is advised to not only pay significant attention in terms of economic benefits but also ecological, including the provisions for ex-situ and in-situ conservation to support sustainable forest management.
{"title":"Pattern of tree diversity in lowland tropical forest in Nikiwar, West Papua, Indonesia","authors":"Agustinus Murdjoko, Dony Aristone Djitmau, A. Ungirwalu, Anton Silas Sinery, Rima Herlina Setiawati Siburian, Z. Mardiyadi, Alfredo Ottow Wanma, Jimmy Frans Wanma, Alexander Rumatora, Wolfram Yahya Mofu, Descarlo Worabai, Nunang Lamaek May, Marthen Mathias Jitmau, George Alexander Frans Mentansan, Keliopas Krey, Ishak Musaad, Marhan Manaf, Yunus Abdullah, Hans Mamboai, Khristian Enggar Pamuji, Syafrudin Raharjo, A. Kilmaskossu, S. Bachri, Nur-Alzair Nur-Alzair, Nithanel Mikael Hendrik Benu, Junus Tambing, Relawan Kuswandi, L. Khayati, Krisma Lekitoo","doi":"10.12657/DENBIO.085.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/DENBIO.085.008","url":null,"abstract":"Trees are significant components of ecosystems built by several widespread species. For instance, Papua forest is known to comprise abiotic and biotic elements. Also, certain plants have grown in popularity to a point where they are discovered almost everywhere. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate tree diversity, distribution, and the importance of conservation. Data were collected in four locations using a total of 24 sample plots spread across Idoor, Karst, Persemaian, and Torembi, where seven, four, seven, and five plots were allocated, respectively. These forests formed a mixed natural plantation comprising 76 species from 35 families. Furthermore, Idoor and Karst generated the highest species diversity and varied significantly compared to Persemaian, while Torembi showed similarities with the other three locations. This condition formed three ecosystem communities across Persemaian, Karst, Idoor, and Torembi. Also, the composition of the dominant species showed variations at the seedling and sapling levels believed to structure the understory, while the pole and tree levels characterized the overstory. The total species status was described as critically endangered (CR) of two species, vulnerable (VU) of six species, least concern (LC) of 28 species, and data deficient (DD) species. Therefore, location management is advised to not only pay significant attention in terms of economic benefits but also ecological, including the provisions for ex-situ and in-situ conservation to support sustainable forest management.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"85 1","pages":"78-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42745908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Dendrobiology’ – an open-access journal of tree biology and ecology","authors":"M. Dyderski, Joanna Mucha, M. Pietras","doi":"10.12657/DENBIO.085.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/DENBIO.085.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"85 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45727427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is causing changes in tree species performance and distribution, impacting breeding programme effectiveness. Our aim was to analyse the effects of provenance and climatic factorson the annual ring density of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) at different experimental sites and potential breeding strategies that may be developed in response to future climate change. The study trees represented provenances originating from the western, east-central, northern, and southern regions of P. massoniana distribution in China. The wood density differed significantly among provenances. A multisite variance analysis test showed that the type B correlation coefficients for ring density at the two sites studied were less than 0.8, indicating an interaction effect of genotype by environment (G×E) on tree ring density. Climatic factors directly affected the wood density properties. At Chun’an (CA), the maximum latewood density (MXD) and minimum earlywood density (MND) were positively correlated with absolute maximum temperatures in August and May of the current growing season, respectively. At Taizi Mountain (TZS), MXD was significantly positively correlated with absolute maximum temperature in September ofthe current year and significantly negatively correlated with precipitation in June. MND was significantly positively correlated with absolute maximum temperature in May of the current year and significantly negatively correlated with precipitation in April. The climatic effects on P. massoniana wood density differed among seed-source origins. This study showed that ring density characteristics differed significantly among provenances, and provenance selection could promote wood density. MXD and MND exhibited significant genotype-by-environment interaction effects, and significant correlations were found between ring density and temperature, and precipitation conditions. These findings suggest that climatic factors and site conditionsin addition to genetics could be strong drivers of wood density variation, and/or that wood density is a highly plastic trait.
{"title":"Provenance-specific climate sensitivity of Pinus massoniana – a multi-environmental trial in subtropical China","authors":"Zhen Zhang, Guoqing Jin, Zhongping Feng, Linshan Sun, Zhichun Zhou","doi":"10.12657/DENBIO.085.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/DENBIO.085.002","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is causing changes in tree species performance and distribution, impacting breeding programme effectiveness. Our aim was to analyse the effects of provenance and climatic factorson the annual ring density of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) at different experimental sites and potential breeding strategies that may be developed in response to future climate change. The study trees represented provenances originating from the western, east-central, northern, and southern regions of P. massoniana distribution in China. The wood density differed significantly among provenances. A multisite variance analysis test showed that the type B correlation coefficients for ring density at the two sites studied were less than 0.8, indicating an interaction effect of genotype by environment (G×E) on tree ring density. Climatic factors directly affected the wood density properties. At Chun’an (CA), the maximum latewood density (MXD) and minimum earlywood density (MND) were positively correlated with absolute maximum temperatures in August and May of the current growing season, respectively. At Taizi Mountain (TZS), MXD was significantly positively correlated with absolute maximum temperature in September ofthe current year and significantly negatively correlated with precipitation in June. MND was significantly positively correlated with absolute maximum temperature in May of the current year and significantly negatively correlated with precipitation in April. The climatic effects on P. massoniana wood density differed among seed-source origins. This study showed that ring density characteristics differed significantly among provenances, and provenance selection could promote wood density. MXD and MND exhibited significant genotype-by-environment interaction effects, and significant correlations were found between ring density and temperature, and precipitation conditions. These findings suggest that climatic factors and site conditionsin addition to genetics could be strong drivers of wood density variation, and/or that wood density is a highly plastic trait.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"85 1","pages":"3-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47098225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sjöman, A. Levinsson, T. Emilsson, Aida G. Ibrahimova, V. Alizade, P. Douglas, Björn Wiström
The urban environment is stressful and trees experience multiple stresses, including drought, flooding, and extreme heat, all of which are likely to increase under future climate warming and increasing urbanisation. In the selection of tree species to maximise ecosystem services, tolerance to site characteristics such as flooding and severe drought is of critical importance. This study evaluated the suitability of a rare species, Alnus subcordata C.A. Mey (Caucasian alder) from the Hyrcanian forests of southern Azerbaijan,for its functionality as an urban tree. A total of 48 pot-grown, two-year-old saplings of A. subcordata were tested in a greenhouse experiment using a complete randomised block design. Each block contained four replicates of three treatments (waterlogging, drought, control), with 16 plants per treatment. Height differences between treatments were measured, and water status was estimated by determination of midday leaf water potential (ΨL) and stomatal conductance (gs). To estimate drought tolerance reaction in the treatments, leaf water potential at turgor loss (ΨP0) was used together with broken-stick modelling of water status over time. There was a significant difference in tree height between the different treatments. In the drought treatment, A. subcordata plants showed no height increase, while plants in both the waterlogged and control treatments increased in height during the nine-week experiment. Over 63 days of flooding, plant water status was slightly more negative in the waterlogging treatment, but did not deviate essentially from the control. In the drought treatment, plant water status rapidly deviated from the control. There was a significant differencein ΨP0 between treatments, with drought-treated plants showing the lowest value (−2.31 MPa).This study demonstrated that A. subcordata has limited tolerance to drought and seems to rely more on waterloss-avoiding strategies. However, the species may be usable at periodically waterlogged sites, due to its high tolerance to flooding. It could therefore be recommended for wet urban environments and stormwater management facilities, for which reliable guidance on suitable trees is currently lacking.
{"title":"Evaluation of Alnus subcordata for urban environments through assessment of drought and flooding tolerance","authors":"H. Sjöman, A. Levinsson, T. Emilsson, Aida G. Ibrahimova, V. Alizade, P. Douglas, Björn Wiström","doi":"10.12657/DENBIO.085.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/DENBIO.085.005","url":null,"abstract":"The urban environment is stressful and trees experience multiple stresses, including drought, flooding, and extreme heat, all of which are likely to increase under future climate warming and increasing urbanisation. In the selection of tree species to maximise ecosystem services, tolerance to site characteristics such as flooding and severe drought is of critical importance. This study evaluated the suitability of a rare species, Alnus subcordata C.A. Mey (Caucasian alder) from the Hyrcanian forests of southern Azerbaijan,for its functionality as an urban tree. A total of 48 pot-grown, two-year-old saplings of A. subcordata were tested in a greenhouse experiment using a complete randomised block design. Each block contained four replicates of three treatments (waterlogging, drought, control), with 16 plants per treatment. Height differences between treatments were measured, and water status was estimated by determination of midday leaf water potential (ΨL) and stomatal conductance (gs). To estimate drought tolerance reaction in the treatments, leaf water potential at turgor loss (ΨP0) was used together with broken-stick modelling of water status over time. There was a significant difference in tree height between the different treatments. In the drought treatment, A. subcordata plants showed no height increase, while plants in both the waterlogged and control treatments increased in height during the nine-week experiment. Over 63 days of flooding, plant water status was slightly more negative in the waterlogging treatment, but did not deviate essentially from the control. In the drought treatment, plant water status rapidly deviated from the control. There was a significant differencein ΨP0 between treatments, with drought-treated plants showing the lowest value (−2.31 MPa).This study demonstrated that A. subcordata has limited tolerance to drought and seems to rely more on waterloss-avoiding strategies. However, the species may be usable at periodically waterlogged sites, due to its high tolerance to flooding. It could therefore be recommended for wet urban environments and stormwater management facilities, for which reliable guidance on suitable trees is currently lacking.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"19 1","pages":"39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66210330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soon-Ho Kwon, Yang-Gil Kim, Hyesoon Kang, Donghwan Shim, K. Kang
Pinus densiflora f. multicaulis is a rare and unusual form of genus Pinus. It has excellent ornamental values due to many trunks from its root collar, and produces female, male, and bisexual strobili on thes ame tree. However, there is limited study whether the bisexual strobili are functional, mature lateral conesproduce filled seeds, and the seeds from the mature lateral cones germinate and grow as well as those frommature apical cones. The structure of apical female, and lateral male and bisexual strobili were analyzed in an open-pollination-progeny population. The strobili were photographed to obtain external, cross-section, and radial-section images using a 45× stereoscopic microscope. Radial sections of strobili were imaged using scanning electron microscopy. Characteristics of apical and lateral cones and seeds were surveyedby cone analysis and germination test. P. densiflora f. multicaulis developed typical female strobili apically,and ordinary male and bisexual strobili laterally. Additionally, female strobili developed laterally whereas the male strobili were normally located. The mature lateral female strobili had the same structure as the apical female. In the mature bisexual strobili, the proportion of male and female tissue was unequal. The cones developed from lateral female strobili showed highly significant differences in the length, width, and weight, being shorter (32.7%), narrower (26.9%), and lighter (59.8%) than those from apical female strobili. Both types produced filled seeds and seedlings, and well significant positive correlations were found among characteristics of seeds from apical and lateral female strobili. The initial seed germination rate of the seeds from apical female strobili was higher than that of seeds from lateral female strobili, but the difference decreased over time. The viability and spatial distribution of the female and male tissue of bisporangiate cones, and their frequent occurrence suggests a common mechanism for the production of bisporangiate structures in seed plants.
松(Pinus densiflora f. multicaulis)是一种罕见的松属植物。它有极好的观赏价值，因为它的根颈有许多树干，在这棵同树上产生雌性、雄性和两性的strobili。然而，关于双性球果是否具有功能性、成熟的侧生球果是否产生饱满的种子、成熟的侧生球果的种子是否与成熟的顶生球果的种子一样发芽和生长的研究却很少。对一个开放传粉后代群体的顶部雌花、侧面雄花和两性花的结构进行了分析。利用45倍立体显微镜对球果进行外景、横切面和径向成像。利用扫描电镜对桔梗的径向切片进行了成像。通过球果分析和发芽试验对其顶、外侧球果和种子的特性进行了研究。多茎密花上部发育典型的雌性密花，侧面发育普通的雄性和两性密花。此外，雌球果呈外侧发育，而雄球果呈正常分布。成熟的外侧雌花与顶端雌花结构相同。在成熟的双性水杨花中，雌雄组织的比例不相等。雌球果的长、宽、重差异显著，分别比雌球果短(32.7%)、窄(26.9%)、轻(59.8%)。两种类型均能产生饱满的种子和幼苗，且顶端和外侧雌花的种子性状之间存在极显著的正相关。顶部雌花的种子初始发芽率高于侧部雌花的种子，但随着时间的推移，差异逐渐减小。双孔体球果雌、雄组织的生存力、空间分布及其频繁出现提示了种子植物双孔体结构产生的共同机制。
{"title":"Morphology of strobili at different development positions and cone and seed characteristics of Pinus densiflora f. multicaulis","authors":"Soon-Ho Kwon, Yang-Gil Kim, Hyesoon Kang, Donghwan Shim, K. Kang","doi":"10.12657/DENBIO.085.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/DENBIO.085.006","url":null,"abstract":"Pinus densiflora f. multicaulis is a rare and unusual form of genus Pinus. It has excellent ornamental values due to many trunks from its root collar, and produces female, male, and bisexual strobili on thes ame tree. However, there is limited study whether the bisexual strobili are functional, mature lateral conesproduce filled seeds, and the seeds from the mature lateral cones germinate and grow as well as those frommature apical cones. The structure of apical female, and lateral male and bisexual strobili were analyzed in an open-pollination-progeny population. The strobili were photographed to obtain external, cross-section, and radial-section images using a 45× stereoscopic microscope. Radial sections of strobili were imaged using scanning electron microscopy. Characteristics of apical and lateral cones and seeds were surveyedby cone analysis and germination test. P. densiflora f. multicaulis developed typical female strobili apically,and ordinary male and bisexual strobili laterally. Additionally, female strobili developed laterally whereas the male strobili were normally located. The mature lateral female strobili had the same structure as the apical female. In the mature bisexual strobili, the proportion of male and female tissue was unequal. The cones developed from lateral female strobili showed highly significant differences in the length, width, and weight, being shorter (32.7%), narrower (26.9%), and lighter (59.8%) than those from apical female strobili. Both types produced filled seeds and seedlings, and well significant positive correlations were found among characteristics of seeds from apical and lateral female strobili. The initial seed germination rate of the seeds from apical female strobili was higher than that of seeds from lateral female strobili, but the difference decreased over time. The viability and spatial distribution of the female and male tissue of bisporangiate cones, and their frequent occurrence suggests a common mechanism for the production of bisporangiate structures in seed plants.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"85 1","pages":"51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66209912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New nuclear microsatellite markers (SSRs) were developed for Aesculus hippocastanum, a relict tree species from the Balkan Peninsula. The development of microsatellites was done using the Illumina MiSeq PE300 platform. Out of a set of 500 SSRs designed, a subset of 13 loci was tested using 290 individuals from seven natural populations. Twelve species-specific loci were polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 17 and expected heterozygosity from 0.089 to 0.800 with a mean value of 0.484. The population of Kalampaka had the lowest value of allelic richness (2.63) and gene diversity in comparison to the remaining populations. STRUCTURE analysis confirmed isolation of population Mariolata from the southern edge of the species range and genetic similarity among populations from the Pindos Mts. Additionally, the utility of new SSRs in 29 individuals from nine other Aesculus taxa was tested. Eleven markers gave polymorphic products for all tested species. For 24 individuals, a high-quality product was obtained for each marker. Results confirmed the utility of specific markers for future population genetics studies.
{"title":"Development of microsatellite markers for horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), their polymorphism in natural Greek populations, and cross-amplification in related species","authors":"Ł. Walas, G. Iszkuło, Z. Barina, M. Dering","doi":"10.12657/DENBIO.085.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/DENBIO.085.010","url":null,"abstract":"New nuclear microsatellite markers (SSRs) were developed for Aesculus hippocastanum, a relict tree species from the Balkan Peninsula. The development of microsatellites was done using the Illumina MiSeq PE300 platform. Out of a set of 500 SSRs designed, a subset of 13 loci was tested using 290 individuals from seven natural populations. Twelve species-specific loci were polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 17 and expected heterozygosity from 0.089 to 0.800 with a mean value of 0.484. The population of Kalampaka had the lowest value of allelic richness (2.63) and gene diversity in comparison to the remaining populations. STRUCTURE analysis confirmed isolation of population Mariolata from the southern edge of the species range and genetic similarity among populations from the Pindos Mts. Additionally, the utility of new SSRs in 29 individuals from nine other Aesculus taxa was tested. Eleven markers gave polymorphic products for all tested species. For 24 individuals, a high-quality product was obtained for each marker. Results confirmed the utility of specific markers for future population genetics studies.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66209952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Ríos-Saucedo, Eduardo Acuña-Carmona, Jorge Cancino-Cancino, J. Corral‐Rivas, R. Rosales-Serna, L. M. Valenzuela-Núñez
Recurrent problems have been observed for biomass measurement in tree sprouts, mainly dueto differences in patterns of biomass distribution and the bias generated by using models for mature trees.The objective of this research was to evaluate models to estimate aboveground biomass in sprouts from two-year-old stumps of Short Rotation Woody Crops (SRWC) used for energetic purposes. The study was conducted in Central Chile (Bío-Bío region) under a complete block design and four replications.Three plant species were included: Eucalyptus globulus, E. denticulata, and Acacia dealbata, established in three population densities (5,000, 10,000 and 15,000 trees per ha). Two groups of nonlinear models wereused on three independent variables: root collar diameter (squared mean of two dominant stems), height (mean of two dominant stems) and number of epicormic stems. In the allometric model, the total aboveground biomass and the aboveground biomass by component were explained as the product of the mean square of the root collar diameter, mean height of the two dominant new sprouts and total number of epicormic sprouts as the predictive variable. Values of coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 0.78 to 0.95 and RMSE ranged from 168 to 913 g. The species of E. globulus showed higher RMSE for biomass estimation in the all components except the branch component. The inclusion of dummy variables to identify the differences in each parameter of the models explained the seasonalityof the biomass accumulation in tree sprouts at 10, 21, and 31 months of age, improving the model goodness of fit RMSE by 27%. Accurate prediction of sprouts aboveground biomass was obtained by the models only evaluating the two dominant epicormic sprouts in the stump, avoiding the need of individual sprouts evaluation or using destructive methods for biomass measurement.
{"title":"Allometric models for estimating aboveground biomass in tree sprouts of three dendroenergetic crops","authors":"J. Ríos-Saucedo, Eduardo Acuña-Carmona, Jorge Cancino-Cancino, J. Corral‐Rivas, R. Rosales-Serna, L. M. Valenzuela-Núñez","doi":"10.12657/DENBIO.085.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/DENBIO.085.003","url":null,"abstract":"Recurrent problems have been observed for biomass measurement in tree sprouts, mainly dueto differences in patterns of biomass distribution and the bias generated by using models for mature trees.The objective of this research was to evaluate models to estimate aboveground biomass in sprouts from two-year-old stumps of Short Rotation Woody Crops (SRWC) used for energetic purposes. The study was conducted in Central Chile (Bío-Bío region) under a complete block design and four replications.Three plant species were included: Eucalyptus globulus, E. denticulata, and Acacia dealbata, established in three population densities (5,000, 10,000 and 15,000 trees per ha). Two groups of nonlinear models wereused on three independent variables: root collar diameter (squared mean of two dominant stems), height (mean of two dominant stems) and number of epicormic stems. In the allometric model, the total aboveground biomass and the aboveground biomass by component were explained as the product of the mean square of the root collar diameter, mean height of the two dominant new sprouts and total number of epicormic sprouts as the predictive variable. Values of coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 0.78 to 0.95 and RMSE ranged from 168 to 913 g. The species of E. globulus showed higher RMSE for biomass estimation in the all components except the branch component. The inclusion of dummy variables to identify the differences in each parameter of the models explained the seasonalityof the biomass accumulation in tree sprouts at 10, 21, and 31 months of age, improving the model goodness of fit RMSE by 27%. Accurate prediction of sprouts aboveground biomass was obtained by the models only evaluating the two dominant epicormic sprouts in the stump, avoiding the need of individual sprouts evaluation or using destructive methods for biomass measurement.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66210169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chen Chen, Yuanyuan Cao, Hong Chen, Ming Ni, Fangyuan Yu
Styrax is a gorgeous species combined with high medicinal and ornamental values, however, information about its floral scents is limited. This study aimed to reveal the floral scent compounds and the dynamic changes in the flowering process of Styrax japonicus, S. grandiflora and S. calvescens. Static headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was adopted in the present study. The results showed that 24, 22 and 22 volatile compounds were present at three flowering stages, among which linalool, ocimene, α-pinene and germacrene D dominated in different species. Terpenes were the main floral scent compounds in all species, whereas there was considerable relative content of ketones in S. japonicus. Among the major terpenes, α-pinene, ocimene and myrcene were the common volatiles in these species, while β-elemene and allo-ocimene were the specific volatiles in S. japonicus and S. calvescens, respectively. The highest content of terpenes occurred at initial flowering stage in three species. The differences in the type and content of principal compounds contributed to the fragrance diversity among these species. A solid foundation for understanding the complexity of volatile emission could be obtained from our findings, meanwhile, effective utilization of abundant terpenes in flowers of Styrax species should be applied.
Styrax是一种美丽的物种，具有很高的药用和观赏价值，然而，有关其花香的信息有限。本研究旨在揭示Styrax japonicus, S. grand flora和S. calvescens开花过程中的花香成分及其动态变化。本研究采用静态顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术。结果表明，3个花期挥发物含量分别为24、22和22种，其中芳樟醇、辛樟烯、α-蒎烯和烯丙烯D在不同种中占主导地位。所有种类的花香成分均以萜类为主，酮类相对含量较高。其中，α-蒎烯、辛烯和月桂烯是这些物种的共同挥发物，而β-榄香烯和异位辛烯分别是这些物种的特异性挥发物。三种植物的萜烯含量均在开花期最高。主要化合物类型和含量的差异是导致不同种类香精香味多样性的主要原因。研究结果为了解Styrax花中挥发物释放的复杂性奠定了坚实的基础，同时也为有效利用Styrax花中丰富的萜烯提供了理论依据。
{"title":"Floral scent compounds and emission patterns of three Styrax species","authors":"Chen Chen, Yuanyuan Cao, Hong Chen, Ming Ni, Fangyuan Yu","doi":"10.12657/DENBIO.085.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/DENBIO.085.004","url":null,"abstract":"Styrax is a gorgeous species combined with high medicinal and ornamental values, however, information about its floral scents is limited. This study aimed to reveal the floral scent compounds and the dynamic changes in the flowering process of Styrax japonicus, S. grandiflora and S. calvescens. Static headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was adopted in the present study. The results showed that 24, 22 and 22 volatile compounds were present at three flowering stages, among which linalool, ocimene, α-pinene and germacrene D dominated in different species. Terpenes were the main floral scent compounds in all species, whereas there was considerable relative content of ketones in S. japonicus. Among the major terpenes, α-pinene, ocimene and myrcene were the common volatiles in these species, while β-elemene and allo-ocimene were the specific volatiles in S. japonicus and S. calvescens, respectively. The highest content of terpenes occurred at initial flowering stage in three species. The differences in the type and content of principal compounds contributed to the fragrance diversity among these species. A solid foundation for understanding the complexity of volatile emission could be obtained from our findings, meanwhile, effective utilization of abundant terpenes in flowers of Styrax species should be applied.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"85 1","pages":"30-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66210315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Karolewski, A. Łukowski, Dawid Adamczyk, M. Żmuda, M. Giertych, Ewa Mąderek
The quality of leaves as food for insects is affected both by plant species and the light conditions present during growth. Little information exists concerning the impact of these factors on the diversity of insects that live in the forest understory. We studied arthropod fauna on six understory plant species commonly occurring in Europe. Different groups of herbivorous insects were identified, as well as predatory insects and arachnids. We analysed the influence of both plant species and light conditions during growth (low light; high light) on the species spectrum, and the number of insect specimens present. The resulting data were investigated in relation to the susceptibility of plant leaves to feeding by folivorous insects, as determined in earlier studies. We compared the similarity in species diversity, based on the Sørensen’s coefficient, and discussed the potential causes of observed differences in leaf damages. We found a total of 153 arthropod taxa on studied plants, under both light conditions. Corylus avellana and Prunus serotina, species characterized by greater leaf damage, have a wider diversity of arthropod species, and a greater number of herbivorous insects. Generally, light conditions had a greater effect on arthropod abundance than on species diversity. For two plant species, C. avellana and P. serotina, light conditions strongly, but reversely, influenced the total number of insects and, thus, the extent of leaf damage. The number and abundance of zoophagous species, and ratio to folivores (except C. avellana) are associated more with plant species than with light conditions
{"title":"Species composition of arthropods on six understory plant species growing in high and low light conditions","authors":"P. Karolewski, A. Łukowski, Dawid Adamczyk, M. Żmuda, M. Giertych, Ewa Mąderek","doi":"10.12657/denbio.084.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.084.006","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of leaves as food for insects is affected both by plant species and the light conditions present during growth. Little information exists concerning the impact of these factors on the diversity of insects that live in the forest understory. We studied arthropod fauna on six understory plant species commonly occurring in Europe. Different groups of herbivorous insects were identified, as well as predatory insects and arachnids. We analysed the influence of both plant species and light conditions during growth (low light; high light) on the species spectrum, and the number of insect specimens present. The resulting data were investigated in relation to the susceptibility of plant leaves to feeding by folivorous insects, as determined in earlier studies. We compared the similarity in species diversity, based on the Sørensen’s coefficient, and discussed the potential causes of observed differences in leaf damages. We found a total of 153 arthropod taxa on studied plants, under both light conditions. Corylus avellana and Prunus serotina, species characterized by greater leaf damage, have a wider diversity of arthropod species, and a greater number of herbivorous insects. Generally, light conditions had a greater effect on arthropod abundance than on species diversity. For two plant species, C. avellana and P. serotina, light conditions strongly, but reversely, influenced the total number of insects and, thus, the extent of leaf damage. The number and abundance of zoophagous species, and ratio to folivores (except C. avellana) are associated more with plant species than with light conditions","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45734467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Longleaf pine is an important tree species in the southeastern United States and studying the temporal patterns of pollen shedding is crucial to a better understanding of its phenology and seed production. In this study, field observation data on the timing of pollen shedding from 1958 to 2013 were analyzed with reference to local weather conditions. Our results indicated that the time of peak pollen shedding after January 1 (TPPS) ranged from 53 days (about February 22) to 95 days (around April 5). There was no significant trend of decreasing TPPS. The number of days with the maximum air temperature above 0 °C was close to the TPPS. The accumulated maximum daily air temperature for the TPPS approximated an average of 1,342 °C. The TPPS declined with an increase in the average air temperature during winters. The time of 80% accumulated pollen density (TAPD) varied from 5 to 32 days, with an average of 13 days. Taylor’s power-law was evident in the TAPD data, with the time group of 10–15 days having an interval time of 2 years. Winter weather was not correlated with the TAPD. These results provide new information concerning the pollen phenology for longleaf pine trees.
{"title":"Temporal patterns of pollen shedding for longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) at the Escambia Experimental Forest in Alabama, USA","authors":"Xiongwen Chen, D. Brockway, Q. Guo","doi":"10.12657/denbio.084.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.084.003","url":null,"abstract":"Longleaf pine is an important tree species in the southeastern United States and studying the temporal patterns of pollen shedding is crucial to a better understanding of its phenology and seed production. In this study, field observation data on the timing of pollen shedding from 1958 to 2013 were analyzed with reference to local weather conditions. Our results indicated that the time of peak pollen shedding after January 1 (TPPS) ranged from 53 days (about February 22) to 95 days (around April 5). There was no significant trend of decreasing TPPS. The number of days with the maximum air temperature above 0 °C was close to the TPPS. The accumulated maximum daily air temperature for the TPPS approximated an average of 1,342 °C. The TPPS declined with an increase in the average air temperature during winters. The time of 80% accumulated pollen density (TAPD) varied from 5 to 32 days, with an average of 13 days. Taylor’s power-law was evident in the TAPD data, with the time group of 10–15 days having an interval time of 2 years. Winter weather was not correlated with the TAPD. These results provide new information concerning the pollen phenology for longleaf pine trees.","PeriodicalId":55182,"journal":{"name":"Dendrobiology","volume":"84 1","pages":"30-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45326171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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