Cytopathology最新文献

Ependymal and choroid plexus tumours arise in anatomically related regions. Their intraoperative differential diagnosis is large and depends on factors such as age, tumour site and clinical presentation. Squash cytology can provide valuable information in this context. Cytological features of conventional ependymomas, subependymomas and myxopapillary ependymomas as well as choroid plexus tumours are reviewed and illustrated. Differential diagnostic considerations integrating morphological and clinical information are discussed.

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) guided by ultrasound (US) has emerged as a highly precise diagnostic method for managing thyroid nodules, significantly diminishing unnecessary surgeries. The effectiveness of US-guided FNA is high when a single specialist performs the FNA procedure and the microscopy. This paradigm has paved the way for the evolution of interventional cytopathology, a specialist with a pivotal role in the preoperative diagnostic process, encompassing patient history review, clinical examination, FNA execution under US guidance, preparation, and microscopic interpretation of cytological samples. As the landscape of precision medicine unfolds, molecular testing assumes greater importance in thyroid cytopathology, particularly in refining the risk of malignancy for indeterminate nodules. The updated Bethesda classification system underscores the clinical significance of molecular tests, emphasizing their role in refining diagnostic accuracy. With this evolving landscape, interventional cytopathologists must adapt by acquiring expertise in molecular technologies and addressing ongoing challenges in workflow harmonization and optimization. This paper delves into our decade-long experience as interventional cytopathologists, focusing on recent endeavours to ensure adequate samples not only for microscopic diagnosis but also for molecular testing. Additionally, here we review the challenges of integrating next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology into clinical practice, highlighting the importance of integrating clinically meaningful molecular data into comprehensive molecular cytology reports.

Vacuoles are a common observation in bone marrow smears, often related to reactive causes. The authors report a clinical case with this cytology finding in a 67-year-old male patient with systemic symptoms.

Interventional pathology has emerged as a pivotal force in modern healthcare, heralding a paradigm shift from traditional diagnostic approaches to patient-centered care. This innovative field bridges the gap between pathology and cytopathology, empowering pathologists to streamline diagnoses and reduce waiting times for patients. Collaborative mentorship and knowledge sharing ensure a lasting legacy of diagnostic excellence for future generations. Interventional pathology stands as a symbol of innovation and patient empowerment, offering a unified approach to diagnostics and improved care in the era of personalized medicine. This narrative chronicles the evolution of interventional pathologists from behind-the-scenes diagnostic specialists to frontline innovators. This is the story of the rise of the interventional pathologist: a testament to innovation, dedication, and an unwavering commitment to patient well-being.

Cases of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with WWTR1::CAMTA1 fusion can show rhabdoid cytomorphology. Lack of intracytoplasmic luminal spaces, marked rhabdoid cytomorphology, and variability in the expression of vascular markers makes the diagnosis of EHE challenging. Therefore, a high level of suspicion and ancillary studies (immunohistochemistry and next generation sequencing) help reach a definitive diagnosis in these cases.

Recent advancements in computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) have catalysed significant progress in pathology, particularly in the realm of urine cytopathology. This review synthesizes the latest developments and challenges in CAD for diagnosing urothelial carcinomas, addressing the limitations of traditional urinary cytology. Through a literature review, we identify and analyse CAD models and algorithms developed for urine cytopathology, highlighting their methodologies and performance metrics. We discuss the potential of CAD to improve diagnostic accuracy, efficiency and patient outcomes, emphasizing its role in streamlining workflow and reducing errors. Furthermore, CAD tools have shown potential in exploring pathological conditions, uncovering novel biomarkers and prognostic/predictive features previously unknown or unseen. Finally, we examine the practical issues surrounding the integration of CAD into clinical practice, including regulatory approval, validation and training for pathologists. Despite the promising results, challenges remain, necessitating further research and validation efforts. Overall, CAD presents a transformative opportunity to revolutionize diagnostic practices in urine cytopathology, paving the way for enhanced patient care and outcomes.