Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101184
Shelby Marozoff , Mohammad Ehsanul Karim , Michael Asamoah-Boaheng , Trevor J.B. Dummer
Background
Several reproductive factors, including parity and age at menarche, have been identified as risk factors for uterine cancers. However, the association between maternal age at first birth and uterine cancer remains conflicting.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included females aged 20 years and older with at least one live birth across eight National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2003–2018). We used design-adjusted logistic regression, with multiple imputation for missing data, to explore the association of age at first birth and uterine cancer. As a sensitivity analysis, the sample was restricted to post-menopausal females; logistic regression analyses were repeated.
Results
Among 7095 participants, 104 had uterine cancer. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for uterine cancer for participants with a first live birth at ≥25 years was 0.66 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.33–1.35) compared to those with a first birth at <20 years. For participants with a first birth between 20–24 years, the aOR was 0.93 (95 % CI: 0.51–1.69). Multiple imputation and sensitivity analyses yielded similar non-significant results.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest no statistically significant association between maternal age at first live birth and uterine cancer, aligning with existing literature. Further research is needed to explore other reproductive factors and their role in uterine cancer risk.
{"title":"Maternal age at first birth and uterine cancer risk: A comprehensive analysis using NHANES data (2003–2018)","authors":"Shelby Marozoff , Mohammad Ehsanul Karim , Michael Asamoah-Boaheng , Trevor J.B. Dummer","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Several reproductive factors, including parity and age at menarche, have been identified as risk factors for uterine cancers. However, the association between maternal age at first birth and uterine cancer remains conflicting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included females aged 20 years and older with at least one live birth across eight National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2003–2018). We used design-adjusted logistic regression, with multiple imputation for missing data, to explore the association of age at first birth and uterine cancer. As a sensitivity analysis, the sample was restricted to post-menopausal females; logistic regression analyses were repeated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 7095 participants, 104 had uterine cancer. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for uterine cancer for participants with a first live birth at ≥25 years was 0.66 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.33–1.35) compared to those with a first birth at <20 years. For participants with a first birth between 20–24 years, the aOR was 0.93 (95 % CI: 0.51–1.69). Multiple imputation and sensitivity analyses yielded similar non-significant results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest no statistically significant association between maternal age at first live birth and uterine cancer, aligning with existing literature. Further research is needed to explore other reproductive factors and their role in uterine cancer risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101160
Mark Willy L. Mondia , Anisah Hayaminnah D. Alonto , Nicole Girlyn T. Pang , Francis Manuel L. Resma , Al Joseph R. Molina , John Kenneth V. Gacula , Arnel E. Pauco , Annabell E. Chua , Julette Marie F. Batara
Background
Thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (TI-SPECT) imaging has been used historically to distinguish malignant cerebral neoplasms from infectious etiologies.
Objectives
Our study aims to conduct a retrospective study, review existing literature, and perform meta-analysis on the use of TI-SPECT to differentiate malignant from non-malignant nervous system lesions when other advanced imaging modalities are not available, such as in resource-limited setting.
Methods
A retrospective study on the use of TI-SPECT in differentiating malignant versus non-malignant nervous system lesions was conducted in two tertiary hospitals in the Philippines.
A systematic review of relevant studies regarding TI-SPECT for the central nervous system was also done. Meta-analysis was performed to generate pooled sensitivity and specificity.
Results
A total of 19 patients from 2 institutions were included in the analysis. Data from Philippine General Hospital showed a sensitivity of 83% (95% CI: 36%, 100%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 16%, 100%), while St. Luke's Medical Center had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 40%, 100%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 48%, 100%).
Thirty-two (32) articles were qualitatively described and 24 datasets were subjected to meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 89% (95% CI: 81%-94%) and 81% (95% CI: 73%-87%), respectively with an area under the curve (AUC) for diagnostic accuracy of 92%.
Conclusion
TI-SPECT imaging may be a potential diagnostic tool to discriminate malignant from non-malignant nervous system lesions when advanced imaging modalities such as PET/ MRI are not available. Due to the heterogeneity of the population in the studies included in both the quantitative and qualitative analyses, further studies are needed to validate these findings.
{"title":"Thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography for the differentiation of malignant versus non-malignant intracranial space-occupying lesions in developing countries","authors":"Mark Willy L. Mondia , Anisah Hayaminnah D. Alonto , Nicole Girlyn T. Pang , Francis Manuel L. Resma , Al Joseph R. Molina , John Kenneth V. Gacula , Arnel E. Pauco , Annabell E. Chua , Julette Marie F. Batara","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (TI-SPECT) imaging has been used historically to distinguish malignant cerebral neoplasms from infectious etiologies.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our study aims to conduct a retrospective study, review existing literature, and perform meta-analysis on the use of TI-SPECT to differentiate malignant from non-malignant nervous system lesions when other advanced imaging modalities are not available, such as in resource-limited setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study on the use of TI-SPECT in differentiating malignant versus non-malignant nervous system lesions was conducted in two tertiary hospitals in the Philippines.</div><div>A systematic review of relevant studies regarding TI-SPECT for the central nervous system was also done. Meta-analysis was performed to generate pooled sensitivity and specificity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 19 patients from 2 institutions were included in the analysis. Data from Philippine General Hospital showed a sensitivity of 83% (95% CI: 36%, 100%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 16%, 100%), while St. Luke's Medical Center had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 40%, 100%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 48%, 100%).</div><div>Thirty-two (32) articles were qualitatively described and 24 datasets were subjected to meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 89% (95% CI: 81%-94%) and 81% (95% CI: 73%-87%), respectively with an area under the curve (AUC) for diagnostic accuracy of 92%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>TI-SPECT imaging may be a potential diagnostic tool to discriminate malignant from non-malignant nervous system lesions when advanced imaging modalities such as PET/ MRI are not available. Due to the heterogeneity of the population in the studies included in both the quantitative and qualitative analyses, further studies are needed to validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101155
Wen Zhang , Ying-Tong Lin , Jing-Wen Jiang , Yan Hu
Gynecological tumors, primarily ovarian cancer (OC), cervical cancer (CC), and endometrial cancer (EC), have a significant global impact on women's health, characterized by high mortality rates. Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of altered glucose metabolism in the initiation and progression of these malignancies. Glucose metabolism, encompassing glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), among others, is intricately governed by a spectrum of key enzymes. These enzymes drive metabolic reprogramming essential for tumor growth and survival, thereby influencing patient outcomes and clinical management strategies. However, the comprehensive characterization and summary of the expression profiles, regulatory networks involved, and functional roles of these glucose metabolic enzymes in human gynecological tumors remain incomplete. In this review, we systematically map the expression landscape of these critical glucose metabolic enzymes in gynecological cancers based on research utilizing clinical gynecological tumor tissues. Additionally, we summarize the specific functions of key enzymes of glucose metabolism and the pathways they regulate in gynecological tumors. This review provides profound insights into the metabolic dynamics underlying these diseases. This understanding illuminates the metabolic strategies employed by tumor cells and sets the stage for innovative therapeutic approaches targeting cancer cell glucose metabolic dependencies, thereby holding promise for enhancing patient outcomes in gynecological oncology.
{"title":"Mapping the expression and functional landscape of key enzymes in glucose metabolism within human gynecological tumors","authors":"Wen Zhang , Ying-Tong Lin , Jing-Wen Jiang , Yan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gynecological tumors, primarily ovarian cancer (OC), cervical cancer (CC), and endometrial cancer (EC), have a significant global impact on women's health, characterized by high mortality rates. Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of altered glucose metabolism in the initiation and progression of these malignancies. Glucose metabolism, encompassing glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), among others, is intricately governed by a spectrum of key enzymes. These enzymes drive metabolic reprogramming essential for tumor growth and survival, thereby influencing patient outcomes and clinical management strategies. However, the comprehensive characterization and summary of the expression profiles, regulatory networks involved, and functional roles of these glucose metabolic enzymes in human gynecological tumors remain incomplete. In this review, we systematically map the expression landscape of these critical glucose metabolic enzymes in gynecological cancers based on research utilizing clinical gynecological tumor tissues. Additionally, we summarize the specific functions of key enzymes of glucose metabolism and the pathways they regulate in gynecological tumors. This review provides profound insights into the metabolic dynamics underlying these diseases. This understanding illuminates the metabolic strategies employed by tumor cells and sets the stage for innovative therapeutic approaches targeting cancer cell glucose metabolic dependencies, thereby holding promise for enhancing patient outcomes in gynecological oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101173
Ayushi Jain, Shalini Gupta
Objectives
To evaluate whether recorded cases of oral cancer in India align with actual prevalence, identify gaps in screening efforts, and propose strategies for effective nationwide screening and surveying initiatives.
Study Design
A comprehensive review of secondary data, including global and national surveys, government statistics, and published studies, to analyze the prevalence of oral cancer and tobacco use and identify barriers to screening.
Methods
Data from GLOBOCAN 2022, National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5), Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2 (GATS-2), and related studies were analyzed to assess oral cancer prevalence, tobacco usage, and screening participation. The study examined screening uptake by demographic and geographic factors, challenges in program implementation, and cost-effective strategies for improving screening outreach.
Results
Oral cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in India, with 143,759 new cases and a mortality rate of 8.7%. However, screening participation is low, with only 1.2% of men and 0.9% of women screened, varying widely across states. Tobacco use is widespread, with 29% of adults consuming tobacco, often starting at a young age, and involuntary smokeless tobacco use remains prevalent due to its incorporation into dental care products. Studies show that mass or high-risk group screening, conducted every 10 years, can significantly reduce oral cancer mortality. Challenges such as lack of awareness, inadequate healthcare infrastructure in rural areas, and insufficient trained professionals hinder effective screening.
Conclusions
The disparity between recorded and actual oral cancer cases necessitates nationwide screening programs, particularly targeting individuals under 30. Telemedicine, community-based strategies, and the involvement of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) and volunteers can address barriers, enhance early detection, and reduce oral cancer burden in India. These measures will help guide future national survey programs and improve oral health outcomes.
{"title":"Do the recorded cases of oral cancer correspond to the actual numbers in India: The necessity of properly designed screening and surveying initiatives","authors":"Ayushi Jain, Shalini Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate whether recorded cases of oral cancer in India align with actual prevalence, identify gaps in screening efforts, and propose strategies for effective nationwide screening and surveying initiatives.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><div>A comprehensive review of secondary data, including global and national surveys, government statistics, and published studies, to analyze the prevalence of oral cancer and tobacco use and identify barriers to screening.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data from GLOBOCAN 2022, National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5), Global Adult Tobacco Survey-2 (GATS-2), and related studies were analyzed to assess oral cancer prevalence, tobacco usage, and screening participation. The study examined screening uptake by demographic and geographic factors, challenges in program implementation, and cost-effective strategies for improving screening outreach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Oral cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in India, with 143,759 new cases and a mortality rate of 8.7%. However, screening participation is low, with only 1.2% of men and 0.9% of women screened, varying widely across states. Tobacco use is widespread, with 29% of adults consuming tobacco, often starting at a young age, and involuntary smokeless tobacco use remains prevalent due to its incorporation into dental care products. Studies show that mass or high-risk group screening, conducted every 10 years, can significantly reduce oral cancer mortality. Challenges such as lack of awareness, inadequate healthcare infrastructure in rural areas, and insufficient trained professionals hinder effective screening.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The disparity between recorded and actual oral cancer cases necessitates nationwide screening programs, particularly targeting individuals under 30. Telemedicine, community-based strategies, and the involvement of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) and volunteers can address barriers, enhance early detection, and reduce oral cancer burden in India. These measures will help guide future national survey programs and improve oral health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/S0147-0272(25)00004-2
{"title":"Information for Readers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0147-0272(25)00004-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0147-0272(25)00004-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143132476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101171
Aditya Mahadevan , Omid Yazdanpanah , Vivek Patel , David J. Benjamin , Arash Rezazadeh Kalebasty
Genitourinary cancers affect over 480,000 patients in the United States annually. While promising therapeutic modalities continue to emerge, notably immune checkpoint inhibitors, molecular targeted therapies, antibody-drug conjugates, and radioligand therapies, these treatments are associated with a spectrum of adverse side-effects, including ophthalmologic toxicities. In this review, we cover the most commonly used antineoplastic agents for the kidneys, bladder, urinary tracts, prostate, testis, and penis, detailing mechanism, indication, and recent trials supporting their use. For each category of antineoplastic therapy, we describe the epidemiology, management, and clinical presentation, of common ophthalmologic toxicities stemming from these agents. This review serves to augment awareness and recognition of possible ophthalmologic manifestations resulting from the use of antineoplastic agents in genitourinary malignancy. Early identification of these side effects can hasten ophthalmology referral and ultimately improve visual outcomes in patients experiencing medication-induced ocular toxicities.
{"title":"Ophthalmologic toxicities of antineoplastic agents in genitourinary cancers: Mechanisms, management, and clinical implications","authors":"Aditya Mahadevan , Omid Yazdanpanah , Vivek Patel , David J. Benjamin , Arash Rezazadeh Kalebasty","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genitourinary cancers affect over 480,000 patients in the United States annually. While promising therapeutic modalities continue to emerge, notably immune checkpoint inhibitors, molecular targeted therapies, antibody-drug conjugates, and radioligand therapies, these treatments are associated with a spectrum of adverse side-effects, including ophthalmologic toxicities. In this review, we cover the most commonly used antineoplastic agents for the kidneys, bladder, urinary tracts, prostate, testis, and penis, detailing mechanism, indication, and recent trials supporting their use. For each category of antineoplastic therapy, we describe the epidemiology, management, and clinical presentation, of common ophthalmologic toxicities stemming from these agents. This review serves to augment awareness and recognition of possible ophthalmologic manifestations resulting from the use of antineoplastic agents in genitourinary malignancy. Early identification of these side effects can hasten ophthalmology referral and ultimately improve visual outcomes in patients experiencing medication-induced ocular toxicities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To compare the efficacy and toxicity of different chemotherapeutic regimens used as adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in penile cancer patients.
Methodology
This observational study was carried out at Mahavir Cancer Sansthan & Research Centre (MCSRC), Patna, involving 112 patients who received various chemotherapy regimens: 5-Fluorouracil with Cisplatin (FP), Paclitaxel with Carboplatin (TP1), Paclitaxel with Cisplatin (TP2), and Paclitaxel with Ifosfamide and Cisplatin (TIP). Efficacy was assessed based on tumor response after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT) using RECIST v1.1, and Disease-Free Survival (DFS) was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Chemotherapy toxicity was evaluated using CTCAE v4.03, and statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v22.
Results
The mean age of the penile cancer patients was found to be 53.5 years. The most of the patients comes under stage-IIIb (62 patients – 55.4%). Out of 88 FP received patients, 28 were treated with NACT in which 24 had partial response (PR) and 4 had progressive disease (PD). The objective response rate (ORR) for this group was found to be 85.71%. Out of 21 TP1 received patients, 9 were treated with NACT in which 6 had CR and 3 had PR, therefore ORR was found to be 100%. Only one Patient received TIP as NACT had PR. The median DFS rate was found to be 6 months for ACT and 7 months for NACT in FP chemotherapy, whereas 10 months was found to be for ACT and NACT of TP1 combinations. The patients received TP1 combinations, had more than 6 months of DFS rate. The grade I-III haematological toxicity of anaemia, lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia was observed more in FP than TP1 and TP2 combinations. The grade I-III non-haematological toxicity was showed for all chemotherapy combinations.
Conclusion
Overall, the TP1 regimen stands out as the most effective and well-tolerated chemotherapy regimen for penile cancer, demonstrating both superior survival outcomes and a more favourable toxicity profile compared to the FP regimen.
{"title":"Comparison of efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapeutic regimens used as adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in penile cancer patients","authors":"Usman Dhasthakeer , Ambika Nand Jha , Ashok Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the efficacy and toxicity of different chemotherapeutic regimens used as adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in penile cancer patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>This observational study was carried out at Mahavir Cancer Sansthan & Research Centre (MCSRC), Patna, involving 112 patients who received various chemotherapy regimens: 5-Fluorouracil with Cisplatin (FP), Paclitaxel with Carboplatin (TP<sub>1</sub>), Paclitaxel with Cisplatin (TP<sub>2</sub>), and Paclitaxel with Ifosfamide and Cisplatin (TIP). Efficacy was assessed based on tumor response after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT) using RECIST v1.1, and Disease-Free Survival (DFS) was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Chemotherapy toxicity was evaluated using CTCAE v4.03, and statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v22.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of the penile cancer patients was found to be 53.5 years. The most of the patients comes under stage-IIIb (62 patients – 55.4%). Out of 88 FP received patients, 28 were treated with NACT in which 24 had partial response (PR) and 4 had progressive disease (PD). The objective response rate (ORR) for this group was found to be 85.71%. Out of 21 TP<sub>1</sub> received patients, 9 were treated with NACT in which 6 had CR and 3 had PR, therefore ORR was found to be 100%. Only one Patient received TIP as NACT had PR. The median DFS rate was found to be 6 months for ACT and 7 months for NACT in FP chemotherapy, whereas 10 months was found to be for ACT and NACT of TP<sub>1</sub> combinations. The patients received TP<sub>1</sub> combinations, had more than 6 months of DFS rate. The grade I-III haematological toxicity of anaemia, lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia was observed more in FP than TP<sub>1</sub> and TP<sub>2</sub> combinations. The grade I-III non-haematological toxicity was showed for all chemotherapy combinations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Overall, the TP<sub>1</sub> regimen stands out as the most effective and well-tolerated chemotherapy regimen for penile cancer, demonstrating both superior survival outcomes and a more favourable toxicity profile compared to the FP regimen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This comprehensive review explores the transformative potential of PROTAC (Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras) therapy as a groundbreaking approach in the landscape of lung cancer treatment. The introduction provides a succinct overview of current challenges in lung cancer treatment, emphasizing the significance of targeted therapies. Focusing on PROTAC therapy, the article elucidates its mechanism of action, comparing it with traditional targeted therapies and highlighting the key components and design principles of PROTAC molecules. In the context of lung cancer, the review meticulously summarizes preclinical evidence, emphasizing efficacy and specificity gleaned from studies evaluating PROTAC therapy. It delves into the implications of this preclinical data, discussing potential advantages over existing targeted therapies. An update on ongoing clinical trials involving PROTAC therapy for lung cancer offers a snapshot of the current progress, with a summary of key outcomes and advancements in early-phase trials. The mechanistic insights into PROTAC therapy's impact on lung cancer cells are explored, alongside a discussion on potential biomarkers for patient stratification and response prediction. The influence of tumor heterogeneity on PROTAC therapy outcomes is also addressed. Safety and tolerability assessments, encompassing preclinical and clinical studies, are comprehensively evaluated, including a comparative analysis with traditional targeted therapies and strategies to mitigate side effects. Looking forward, the article discusses the future perspectives of PROTAC therapy in lung cancer treatment and addresses ongoing challenges, providing a nuanced exploration of potential combination therapies and synergistic approaches. In conclusion, the review summarizes key findings and insights, underscoring the tremendous potential of PROTAC therapy as a promising and innovative avenue in pursuing more effective lung cancer treatments.
{"title":"Revolutionizing lung cancer treatment: Introducing PROTAC therapy as a novel paradigm in targeted therapeutics","authors":"Atharva Mahajan , Gauri Panzade , Tiyasa Bhuniya , Purbasha Das , Bidyabati Bhattacharjee , Sagnik Das , Ankita Chowdhury , Kashmira Chakraborty , Sudeepta Guha , Anushka Samant , Anuvab Dey , Subhrojyoti Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This comprehensive review explores the transformative potential of PROTAC (Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras) therapy as a groundbreaking approach in the landscape of lung cancer treatment. The introduction provides a succinct overview of current challenges in lung cancer treatment, emphasizing the significance of targeted therapies. Focusing on PROTAC therapy, the article elucidates its mechanism of action, comparing it with traditional targeted therapies and highlighting the key components and design principles of PROTAC molecules. In the context of lung cancer, the review meticulously summarizes preclinical evidence, emphasizing efficacy and specificity gleaned from studies evaluating PROTAC therapy. It delves into the implications of this preclinical data, discussing potential advantages over existing targeted therapies. An update on ongoing clinical trials involving PROTAC therapy for lung cancer offers a snapshot of the current progress, with a summary of key outcomes and advancements in early-phase trials. The mechanistic insights into PROTAC therapy's impact on lung cancer cells are explored, alongside a discussion on potential biomarkers for patient stratification and response prediction. The influence of tumor heterogeneity on PROTAC therapy outcomes is also addressed. Safety and tolerability assessments, encompassing preclinical and clinical studies, are comprehensively evaluated, including a comparative analysis with traditional targeted therapies and strategies to mitigate side effects. Looking forward, the article discusses the future perspectives of PROTAC therapy in lung cancer treatment and addresses ongoing challenges, providing a nuanced exploration of potential combination therapies and synergistic approaches. In conclusion, the review summarizes key findings and insights, underscoring the tremendous potential of PROTAC therapy as a promising and innovative avenue in pursuing more effective lung cancer treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101182
Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan , Siddarth Kannan , Ali S. Alzahrani
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PDCD1) and cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274) expression is implicated in escaping tumors from immune surveillance. Immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise in cancer therapy, yet their efficacy in glioblastomas, particularly with IDH1 mutations, remains unclear. This study analyzed two independent NGS datasets (n = 577 and n = 153) from TCGA to investigate the expression of PDCD1 and CD274 in glioblastomas and their relationship with IDH1 mutations. We used cBioPortal for mutation analysis, RNA seq for expression analysis, miRDB and miRabel for differential expression of miRNAs, and Kaplan-Meier for survival prediction. We found that 5.4% of glioblastomas harbored IDH1 mutations, correlating with improved overall survival (OS) (p = 2.196e-3). Different glioblastoma cohorts showed a diverse IDH1 mutational prevalence (4-31%). Despite this, IDH1Mu was consistently associated with better OS (p = 8.235e-5). Notably, PDCD1 and CD274 were statistically significantly highly expressed in both IDH1Wt (p < 0.0001) and IDH1Mu tumors (p < 0.0001), with higher expression linked to poorer survival outcomes (PDCD1: p = 0.009; CD274: p = 0.02). Differential co-expression analyses revealed distinct gene and miRNA profiles for IDH1Wt and IDH1Mu glioblastomas, with specific upregulation of PTEN and downregulation of MUC16 in IDH1Wt, and upregulation of PIK3R1 in IDH1Mu. Additionally, PIK3R1 and ITGB2 emerged as critical druggable targets. Our findings indicate that PDCD1 and CD274 are highly expressed irrespective of IDH1 mutation statuses, suggesting that glioblastomas could benefit from immunotherapy. Moreover, IDH1Mu glioblastomas may require a combination of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors and immunotherapy due to PIK3R1 overexpression.
{"title":"Immune checkpoint expression and therapeutic implications in IDH1-mutant and wild-type glioblastomas","authors":"Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan , Siddarth Kannan , Ali S. Alzahrani","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2025.101182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Programmed cell death protein 1 (<em>PDCD1</em>) and cluster of differentiation 274 (<em>CD274</em>) expression is implicated in escaping tumors from immune surveillance. Immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise in cancer therapy, yet their efficacy in glioblastomas, particularly with <em>IDH1</em> mutations, remains unclear. This study analyzed two independent NGS datasets (n = 577 and n = 153) from TCGA to investigate the expression of <em>PDCD1</em> and <em>CD274</em> in glioblastomas and their relationship with <em>IDH1</em> mutations. We used cBioPortal for mutation analysis, RNA seq for expression analysis, miRDB and miRabel for differential expression of miRNAs, and Kaplan-Meier for survival prediction. We found that 5.4% of glioblastomas harbored <em>IDH1</em> mutations, correlating with improved overall survival (OS) (<em>p</em> = 2.196e-3). Different glioblastoma cohorts showed a diverse <em>IDH1</em> mutational prevalence (4-31%). Despite this, <em>IDH1</em><sup>Mu</sup> was consistently associated with better OS (<em>p</em> = 8.235e-5). Notably, <em>PDCD1</em> and <em>CD274</em> were statistically significantly highly expressed in both <em>IDH1</em><sup>Wt</sup> (<em>p</em> < 0.0001) and <em>IDH1</em><sup>Mu</sup> tumors (<em>p</em> < 0.0001), with higher expression linked to poorer survival outcomes (<em>PDCD1: p</em> = 0.009; <em>CD274: p</em> = 0.02). Differential co-expression analyses revealed distinct gene and miRNA profiles for <em>IDH1</em><sup>Wt</sup> and <em>IDH1</em><sup>Mu</sup> glioblastomas, with specific upregulation of <em>PTEN</em> and downregulation of <em>MUC16</em> in <em>IDH1</em><sup>Wt</sup>, and upregulation of <em>PIK3R1</em> in <em>IDH1</em><sup>Mu</sup>. Additionally, <em>PIK3R1</em> and <em>ITGB2</em> emerged as critical druggable targets. Our findings indicate that <em>PDCD1</em> and <em>CD274</em> are highly expressed irrespective of <em>IDH1</em> mutation statuses, suggesting that glioblastomas could benefit from immunotherapy. Moreover, <em>IDH1</em><sup>Mu</sup> glioblastomas may require a combination of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors and immunotherapy due to <em>PIK3R1</em> overexpression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 101182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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