Cervical cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in low- and mid-income countries. This review synthesizes existing knowledge on cervical cancer, HPV infection, and HPV vaccination accumulated over the past decade (2015-2024), highlighting disparities in awareness and prevention strategies globally. Education level correlates with HPV vaccine awareness, yet mere familiarity with cervical cancer doesn't ensure understanding of its severity. Notably, prevention measures, including screening and HPV testing, varied significantly across countries during this period. To enhance HPV vaccine uptake moving forward, targeted efforts are necessary to educate women, particularly in low- and mid-income countries, about HPV risks as a sexually transmitted disease and the availability of affordable vaccines in government clinics.
{"title":"Women's ignorance and misperception of cervical cancer: Evidence-based analysis from low- and middle-income countries","authors":"Balraj Sudha , Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar , Sundaravadivelu Sumathi","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cervical cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality particularly in low- and mid-income countries. This review synthesizes existing knowledge on cervical cancer, HPV infection, and HPV vaccination accumulated over the past decade (2015-2024), highlighting disparities in awareness and prevention strategies globally. Education level correlates with HPV vaccine awareness, yet mere familiarity with cervical cancer doesn't ensure understanding of its severity. Notably, prevention measures, including screening and HPV testing, varied significantly across countries during this period. To enhance HPV vaccine uptake moving forward, targeted efforts are necessary to educate women, particularly in low- and mid-income countries, about HPV risks as a sexually transmitted disease and the availability of affordable vaccines in government clinics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101156
Eric Hexem , Taha Abd-ElSalam Ashraf Taha , Yaseen Dhemesh , Mohammad Aneel Baqar , Ayman Nada
Glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults, is also among the most lethal. Despite a comprehensive treatment approach which utilizes surgery and postoperative chemoradiation, prognosis typically remains dismal. However certain epigenetic modifications, such as methylation of the MGMT promoter, have been proven to correlate with improved post-treatment outcomes. The 2021 WHO classification emphasizes molecular characteristics, highlighting shared genomic alterations across different grades and positioning MGMT methylation as a key influencer of outcomes. A combined diagnostic approach involving current imaging technology and emerging radiomics and deep learning models may allow for timely and accurate prediction of MGMT methylation status and therefore earlier and more individualized treatment and prognostication. Though these advanced radiomics models are rapidly emerging, additional development, standardization, and implementation may lead to a higher and more individualized level of patient care. This review explores the potential of imaging features in predicting MGMT promoter methylation, a critical determinant of therapeutic response and patient outcomes.
{"title":"Deciphering glioblastoma: Unveiling imaging markers for predicting MGMT promoter methylation status","authors":"Eric Hexem , Taha Abd-ElSalam Ashraf Taha , Yaseen Dhemesh , Mohammad Aneel Baqar , Ayman Nada","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults, is also among the most lethal. Despite a comprehensive treatment approach which utilizes surgery and postoperative chemoradiation, prognosis typically remains dismal. However certain epigenetic modifications, such as methylation of the MGMT promoter, have been proven to correlate with improved post-treatment outcomes. The 2021 WHO classification emphasizes molecular characteristics, highlighting shared genomic alterations across different grades and positioning MGMT methylation as a key influencer of outcomes. A combined diagnostic approach involving current imaging technology and emerging radiomics and deep learning models may allow for timely and accurate prediction of MGMT methylation status and therefore earlier and more individualized treatment and prognostication. Though these advanced radiomics models are rapidly emerging, additional development, standardization, and implementation may lead to a higher and more individualized level of patient care. This review explores the potential of imaging features in predicting MGMT promoter methylation, a critical determinant of therapeutic response and patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 101156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101155
Wen Zhang, Ying-Tong Lin, Jing-Wen Jiang, Yan Hu
Gynecological tumors, primarily ovarian cancer (OC), cervical cancer (CC), and endometrial cancer (EC), have a significant global impact on women's health, characterized by high mortality rates. Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of altered glucose metabolism in the initiation and progression of these malignancies. Glucose metabolism, encompassing glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), among others, is intricately governed by a spectrum of key enzymes. These enzymes drive metabolic reprogramming essential for tumor growth and survival, thereby influencing patient outcomes and clinical management strategies. However, the comprehensive characterization and summary of the expression profiles, regulatory networks involved, and functional roles of these glucose metabolic enzymes in human gynecological tumors remain incomplete. In this review, we systematically map the expression landscape of these critical glucose metabolic enzymes in gynecological cancers based on research utilizing clinical gynecological tumor tissues. Additionally, we summarize the specific functions of key enzymes of glucose metabolism and the pathways they regulate in gynecological tumors. This review provides profound insights into the metabolic dynamics underlying these diseases. This understanding illuminates the metabolic strategies employed by tumor cells and sets the stage for innovative therapeutic approaches targeting cancer cell glucose metabolic dependencies, thereby holding promise for enhancing patient outcomes in gynecological oncology.
{"title":"Mapping the expression and functional landscape of key enzymes in glucose metabolism within human gynecological tumors.","authors":"Wen Zhang, Ying-Tong Lin, Jing-Wen Jiang, Yan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gynecological tumors, primarily ovarian cancer (OC), cervical cancer (CC), and endometrial cancer (EC), have a significant global impact on women's health, characterized by high mortality rates. Emerging evidence underscores the pivotal role of altered glucose metabolism in the initiation and progression of these malignancies. Glucose metabolism, encompassing glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), among others, is intricately governed by a spectrum of key enzymes. These enzymes drive metabolic reprogramming essential for tumor growth and survival, thereby influencing patient outcomes and clinical management strategies. However, the comprehensive characterization and summary of the expression profiles, regulatory networks involved, and functional roles of these glucose metabolic enzymes in human gynecological tumors remain incomplete. In this review, we systematically map the expression landscape of these critical glucose metabolic enzymes in gynecological cancers based on research utilizing clinical gynecological tumor tissues. Additionally, we summarize the specific functions of key enzymes of glucose metabolism and the pathways they regulate in gynecological tumors. This review provides profound insights into the metabolic dynamics underlying these diseases. This understanding illuminates the metabolic strategies employed by tumor cells and sets the stage for innovative therapeutic approaches targeting cancer cell glucose metabolic dependencies, thereby holding promise for enhancing patient outcomes in gynecological oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":55193,"journal":{"name":"Current Problems in Cancer","volume":" ","pages":"101155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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