Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2022.2049697
Mahreen Arooj, Javad B. M. Parambath, Nisar Ali, Adnan Khan, Sumeet Malik, Muhammad Bilal, Ahmed Abouzeed Mohamed
Abstract Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are outstanding photocatalysts for tackling environmental issues, however, their pristine forms possess poor dispersibility and limited stability under photocatalytic conditions. The impediments of using CNMs in environmental applications can be challenged by covalent coupling and elemental doping. With these caveats in mind, we address our perspectives from chemistry and engineering concepts to benefit from CNMs in water decontamination. Compiled data from density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulation support that the changes in the physicochemical properties can enhance the durability and functionality of CNMs in environmental remediation. This review critically analyzes experimental and theoretical approaches related to the functionalization of CNMs by covalent coupling and elemental doping for environmental photocatalysis.
{"title":"Experimental and theoretical review on covalent coupling and elemental doping of carbon nanomaterials for environmental photocatalysis","authors":"Mahreen Arooj, Javad B. M. Parambath, Nisar Ali, Adnan Khan, Sumeet Malik, Muhammad Bilal, Ahmed Abouzeed Mohamed","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2022.2049697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2022.2049697","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are outstanding photocatalysts for tackling environmental issues, however, their pristine forms possess poor dispersibility and limited stability under photocatalytic conditions. The impediments of using CNMs in environmental applications can be challenged by covalent coupling and elemental doping. With these caveats in mind, we address our perspectives from chemistry and engineering concepts to benefit from CNMs in water decontamination. Compiled data from density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulation support that the changes in the physicochemical properties can enhance the durability and functionality of CNMs in environmental remediation. This review critically analyzes experimental and theoretical approaches related to the functionalization of CNMs by covalent coupling and elemental doping for environmental photocatalysis.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"215 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88498439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-17DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2022.2050887
Shuo Yuan, N. Lin, Qunfeng Zeng, Hongxia Zhang, Yucheng Wu
Abstract The development of prosthesis implantation as a means to treat bone defects in the field of orthopedic surgery is booming. Some materials with excellent biocompatibility are available for practical application, while new materials are being continuously developed. Gum metal is a new type of multifunctional β-type titanium alloy, and its basic composition can be expressed as Ti-24(Ta + Nb + V)-(Zr, Hf)-O. Gum metal has a good combination of a low elastic modulus and high strength, which promotes its emergence in the biological field. Moreover, gum metal combines the advantages of nonlinear elasticity, low work hardening rate and nontoxicity, making it a new material with potential in the future. This review begins with the design origin of gum metal and the influence of various elements on this kind of alloy. Second, the fabrication process and deformation mechanism of gum metal are summarized. Finally, the properties and current application fields of gum metal are introduced. Graphical Abstract[ 51 , 91 , 92 , 98 ] Highlights A concise review of recent advances in gum metal. A comprehensive assessment of the essential characteristics. An introduction of various synthetic strategies for the fabrication of gum metal. A brief overview on fundamental is presented to better understand super-elasticity. An overview of representative biomedical, industry and manufacturing of gum metal.
摘要假体植入术作为治疗骨缺损的一种手段，在骨科外科领域的发展正在蓬勃发展。一些具有良好生物相容性的材料可用于实际应用，而新的材料也在不断开发。胶金属是一种新型多功能β型钛合金，其基本成分可表示为Ti-24(Ta + Nb + V)-(Zr, Hf)- o。胶金属具有低弹性模量和高强度的良好结合，促进了其在生物领域的出现。此外，树胶金属具有非线性弹性、加工硬化率低、无毒等优点，是一种极具发展潜力的新型材料。本文从胶金属的设计起源和各种元素对这种合金的影响入手。其次，总结了胶金属的制备工艺和变形机理。最后介绍了金属胶的性能及目前的应用领域。图形摘要[51,91,92,98]重点介绍了金属胶的最新进展。对基本特征的全面评估。介绍了制造胶金属的各种合成策略。为了更好地理解超弹性，对基本原理进行了简要概述。口香糖金属的代表性生物医学、工业和制造概述。
{"title":"Recent advances in gum metal: Synthesis, performance and application","authors":"Shuo Yuan, N. Lin, Qunfeng Zeng, Hongxia Zhang, Yucheng Wu","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2022.2050887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2022.2050887","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The development of prosthesis implantation as a means to treat bone defects in the field of orthopedic surgery is booming. Some materials with excellent biocompatibility are available for practical application, while new materials are being continuously developed. Gum metal is a new type of multifunctional β-type titanium alloy, and its basic composition can be expressed as Ti-24(Ta + Nb + V)-(Zr, Hf)-O. Gum metal has a good combination of a low elastic modulus and high strength, which promotes its emergence in the biological field. Moreover, gum metal combines the advantages of nonlinear elasticity, low work hardening rate and nontoxicity, making it a new material with potential in the future. This review begins with the design origin of gum metal and the influence of various elements on this kind of alloy. Second, the fabrication process and deformation mechanism of gum metal are summarized. Finally, the properties and current application fields of gum metal are introduced. Graphical Abstract[\u0000 \u0000 51\u0000 \u0000 ,\u0000 \u0000 91\u0000 \u0000 ,\u0000 \u0000 92\u0000 \u0000 ,\u0000 \u0000 98\u0000 \u0000 ]\u0000 Highlights A concise review of recent advances in gum metal. A comprehensive assessment of the essential characteristics. An introduction of various synthetic strategies for the fabrication of gum metal. A brief overview on fundamental is presented to better understand super-elasticity. An overview of representative biomedical, industry and manufacturing of gum metal.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"257 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78358338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-17DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2022.2049441
M. Abedi, Saeed Sovizi, A. Azarniya, D. Giuntini, Melica Esmaeeli Seraji, H. M. Hosseini, Chinappan Amutha, S. Ramakrishna, A. Mukasyan
ABSTRACTs The need for fully dense material with well-engineered microstructures has led to the promising emergence of innovative sintering technologies among which the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is one of the most favorite. Unlike the conventional sintering processes, SPS takes advantage of a current flow passing through the sintering die and metallic powders by which fast densification with minimal grain growth and enhanced physicomechanical properties can be obtained. Albeit there is a growing interest in the exploitation of SPS in producing sufficiently consolidated metallic parts, no analytical review has been released over the effects of SPS parameters on the densification behavior, microstructure evolution, and resultant physicomechanical properties of metallic parts and their alloys. In the present review, recent developments and ongoing challenges in modeling the SPS of metallic systems are thoroughly explored. Then, the effects of main SPS parameters including sintering temperature, dwell time, heating rate, and pressure on the microstructure and physicomechanical properties of metals and alloys are comprehensively investigated. These properties are categorized into two groups: (i) physical properties including relative density, electrical and thermal conductivities; (ii) mechanical properties with a systematic focus on hardness, elastic modulus, and tensile, compressive, and bending strengths. In each section, the general trends along which SPS parameters grow to affect each corresponding property are comprehensively discussed. Additionally, various microstructural phenomena being more likely to occur at the given metallic systems are fully addressed. The present work seeks to elaborate on the aforementioned issues and provide an overview of the unresolved challenges and proposed solutions to them.
{"title":"An analytical review on Spark Plasma Sintering of metals and alloys: from processing window, phase transformation, and property perspective","authors":"M. Abedi, Saeed Sovizi, A. Azarniya, D. Giuntini, Melica Esmaeeli Seraji, H. M. Hosseini, Chinappan Amutha, S. Ramakrishna, A. Mukasyan","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2022.2049441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2022.2049441","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTs The need for fully dense material with well-engineered microstructures has led to the promising emergence of innovative sintering technologies among which the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is one of the most favorite. Unlike the conventional sintering processes, SPS takes advantage of a current flow passing through the sintering die and metallic powders by which fast densification with minimal grain growth and enhanced physicomechanical properties can be obtained. Albeit there is a growing interest in the exploitation of SPS in producing sufficiently consolidated metallic parts, no analytical review has been released over the effects of SPS parameters on the densification behavior, microstructure evolution, and resultant physicomechanical properties of metallic parts and their alloys. In the present review, recent developments and ongoing challenges in modeling the SPS of metallic systems are thoroughly explored. Then, the effects of main SPS parameters including sintering temperature, dwell time, heating rate, and pressure on the microstructure and physicomechanical properties of metals and alloys are comprehensively investigated. These properties are categorized into two groups: (i) physical properties including relative density, electrical and thermal conductivities; (ii) mechanical properties with a systematic focus on hardness, elastic modulus, and tensile, compressive, and bending strengths. In each section, the general trends along which SPS parameters grow to affect each corresponding property are comprehensively discussed. Additionally, various microstructural phenomena being more likely to occur at the given metallic systems are fully addressed. The present work seeks to elaborate on the aforementioned issues and provide an overview of the unresolved challenges and proposed solutions to them.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"169 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86070613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2022.2041396
J. Elambasseril, J. Rogers, C. Wallbrink, David Munk, M. Leary, M. Qian
Abstract The design freedom offered by additive manufacturing (AM) enables the fabrication of components with internal surfaces that are challenging to access post-manufacture. This is of concern, as the surface condition can markedly deteriorate fatigue performance. Additionally, the adaptation of surface finishing methods for AM components with topologically optimized designs can be a costly practice. It is therefore desirable to consider deploying AM parts with no or minimal surface processing for targeted applications. This requires an in-depth understanding of the formation of various types of AM surfaces, including the variation in surface condition and controlling factors, and their influence on mechanical performance. The last few years have seen significant research advances in these aspects. Ti-6Al-4V is the most extensively studied alloy for AM. The research data available now allows an informative treatment of this topic for both practical applications and future research. Using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Ti-6Al-4V as a model AM − alloy system, this article examines (i) the characteristics of various types of LPBF surfaces including horizontal, vertical, inclined, upward, downward, internal isolated, and slotted surfaces; (ii) the design features and LPBF variables that affect the surface topography; (iii) the capabilities of existing post-AM surface processing methods; and (iv) the influence of AM surface topography on mechanical properties by focusing on the fatigue performance. On this basis, design considerations are recommended for AM of consistent surfaces, and priority surface-related research issues are identified. The purpose is to establish an essential knowledge base for improved commercial designs for LPBF for suitable dynamically loaded applications, with no or minimal surface processing. While centering on LPBF of Ti-6Al-4V, the insights derived are expected to be applicable to other AM processes or metallic materials.
{"title":"Laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (LPBF-AM): the influence of design features and LPBF variables on surface topography and effect on fatigue properties","authors":"J. Elambasseril, J. Rogers, C. Wallbrink, David Munk, M. Leary, M. Qian","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2022.2041396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2022.2041396","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The design freedom offered by additive manufacturing (AM) enables the fabrication of components with internal surfaces that are challenging to access post-manufacture. This is of concern, as the surface condition can markedly deteriorate fatigue performance. Additionally, the adaptation of surface finishing methods for AM components with topologically optimized designs can be a costly practice. It is therefore desirable to consider deploying AM parts with no or minimal surface processing for targeted applications. This requires an in-depth understanding of the formation of various types of AM surfaces, including the variation in surface condition and controlling factors, and their influence on mechanical performance. The last few years have seen significant research advances in these aspects. Ti-6Al-4V is the most extensively studied alloy for AM. The research data available now allows an informative treatment of this topic for both practical applications and future research. Using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Ti-6Al-4V as a model AM − alloy system, this article examines (i) the characteristics of various types of LPBF surfaces including horizontal, vertical, inclined, upward, downward, internal isolated, and slotted surfaces; (ii) the design features and LPBF variables that affect the surface topography; (iii) the capabilities of existing post-AM surface processing methods; and (iv) the influence of AM surface topography on mechanical properties by focusing on the fatigue performance. On this basis, design considerations are recommended for AM of consistent surfaces, and priority surface-related research issues are identified. The purpose is to establish an essential knowledge base for improved commercial designs for LPBF for suitable dynamically loaded applications, with no or minimal surface processing. While centering on LPBF of Ti-6Al-4V, the insights derived are expected to be applicable to other AM processes or metallic materials.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"132 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72839303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2022.2041394
Reena Gadhwal, P. Kaushik, A. Devi
Abstract All-optical limiting devices are based on materials enabling light to control light, possessing a nonlinear optical response, and are reviving their popularity. One-dimensional photonic crystals (1 D PhC) are an auspicious platform for achieving novel optical limiters functioning for remarkably low limiting threshold and high damage threshold over a wider regime. 1 D PhC, a periodic nanostructure with a refractive index distribution along one direction, has been widely investigated by researchers. However, their utility to limit the high-intensity radiation to protect sophisticated optical sensors and devices is scarce in the research field. An overview of the numerically simulated, mathematically modeled, theoretically proposed, and experimentally realized 1 D PhC reflective optical limiters are provided here. This review focuses on the limited but noteworthy scrutiny of 1 D photonic crystal-based optical limiters using rare earth metals, nanocomposites, semiconductors, and phase-changing materials as defect layers. Highlights A reliable 1D PhC reflective optical limiter is resistant to laser induced damages. Limiter mechanism relies on creation of nonlinear localized modes. 1D PhC optical limiter reflects high power incident beams for a broader frequency window. Reflection based limiters are applicable for arbitrary direction of incidence.
摘要:全光限流器件是一种基于材料的光控制器件，具有非线性的光学响应，正重新受到人们的欢迎。一维光子晶体(1 D PhC)是实现新型光限制器的理想平台，在更宽的范围内具有非常低的限制阈值和高的损伤阈值。一维PhC是一种折射率沿一个方向分布的周期性纳米结构，受到了广泛的研究。然而，它们在限制高强度辐射以保护精密光学传感器和器件方面的应用研究却很少。本文概述了数值模拟、数学建模、理论提出和实验实现的一维PhC反射光限制器。本文综述了基于一维光子晶体的光学限制器，这些限制器使用稀土金属、纳米复合材料、半导体和相变材料作为缺陷层。一种可靠的1D PhC反射光限幅器，可抵抗激光引起的损伤。限制器机制依赖于非线性局部模态的创建。一维PhC光限制器反射高功率入射光束的频率窗口更宽。基于反射的限制器适用于任意入射方向。
{"title":"A review on 1D photonic crystal based reflective optical limiters","authors":"Reena Gadhwal, P. Kaushik, A. Devi","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2022.2041394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2022.2041394","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract All-optical limiting devices are based on materials enabling light to control light, possessing a nonlinear optical response, and are reviving their popularity. One-dimensional photonic crystals (1 D PhC) are an auspicious platform for achieving novel optical limiters functioning for remarkably low limiting threshold and high damage threshold over a wider regime. 1 D PhC, a periodic nanostructure with a refractive index distribution along one direction, has been widely investigated by researchers. However, their utility to limit the high-intensity radiation to protect sophisticated optical sensors and devices is scarce in the research field. An overview of the numerically simulated, mathematically modeled, theoretically proposed, and experimentally realized 1 D PhC reflective optical limiters are provided here. This review focuses on the limited but noteworthy scrutiny of 1 D photonic crystal-based optical limiters using rare earth metals, nanocomposites, semiconductors, and phase-changing materials as defect layers. Highlights A reliable 1D PhC reflective optical limiter is resistant to laser induced damages. Limiter mechanism relies on creation of nonlinear localized modes. 1D PhC optical limiter reflects high power incident beams for a broader frequency window. Reflection based limiters are applicable for arbitrary direction of incidence.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"93 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88695475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-22DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2022.2027226
Priscilla P, P. Malik, Supreet, Ajay Mahaputra Kumar, R. Castagna, Gautam Singh
Abstract Since their inception, liquid crystals (LCs) have been a topic of great interest among researchers around the globe. The alignment of LC molecules remains pivotal to explore the basic and applied aspects of LCs. Various alignment techniques such as rubbing of polyimides, coating of surfactants, magnetic field, oblique evaporation of SiOx, photoalignment, etc. have been widely explored to obtain the uniform alignment of LCs, eventually required in the fabrication of LC based displays and other photonic devices. One has to judiciously select the alignment technique to produce LC displays at industrial scale. However, certain issues have always remained which further stimulated the researchers to explore new sustainable ways of aligning LCs. Under this framework, the nanoparticles-controlled alignment could be one of new methods to align LCs. In this review, we have focused on the nanoparticles (isotropic and anisotropic) controlled alignment of LCs. The alignment of LCs could be achieved by: (i) doping of nanoparticles in the bulk LCs and (ii) patterning or growth of nanostructures on the substrates. Interestingly, the nanostructures grown on the non-conducting substrate are found to work as LC aligning agent and transparent conducting electrode. The nanoparticles doped polyimide alignment layers are also found to significantly improve the alignment of LCs. The quality of LC alignment obtained by using nanoparticles is more or less same as in conventional alignment techniques but less time consuming and cost-effective. Besides the induced or improved alignment of LCs due to nanoparticles, the electro-optical properties of LC devices are also found to be greatly improved as compared to devices using conventional alignment techniques. Moreover, we have discussed the pros and cons and future perspectives of nanoparticles tuned alignment of LCs.
{"title":"Recent advances and future perspectives on nanoparticles-controlled alignment of liquid crystals for displays and other photonic devices","authors":"Priscilla P, P. Malik, Supreet, Ajay Mahaputra Kumar, R. Castagna, Gautam Singh","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2022.2027226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2022.2027226","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since their inception, liquid crystals (LCs) have been a topic of great interest among researchers around the globe. The alignment of LC molecules remains pivotal to explore the basic and applied aspects of LCs. Various alignment techniques such as rubbing of polyimides, coating of surfactants, magnetic field, oblique evaporation of SiOx, photoalignment, etc. have been widely explored to obtain the uniform alignment of LCs, eventually required in the fabrication of LC based displays and other photonic devices. One has to judiciously select the alignment technique to produce LC displays at industrial scale. However, certain issues have always remained which further stimulated the researchers to explore new sustainable ways of aligning LCs. Under this framework, the nanoparticles-controlled alignment could be one of new methods to align LCs. In this review, we have focused on the nanoparticles (isotropic and anisotropic) controlled alignment of LCs. The alignment of LCs could be achieved by: (i) doping of nanoparticles in the bulk LCs and (ii) patterning or growth of nanostructures on the substrates. Interestingly, the nanostructures grown on the non-conducting substrate are found to work as LC aligning agent and transparent conducting electrode. The nanoparticles doped polyimide alignment layers are also found to significantly improve the alignment of LCs. The quality of LC alignment obtained by using nanoparticles is more or less same as in conventional alignment techniques but less time consuming and cost-effective. Besides the induced or improved alignment of LCs due to nanoparticles, the electro-optical properties of LC devices are also found to be greatly improved as compared to devices using conventional alignment techniques. Moreover, we have discussed the pros and cons and future perspectives of nanoparticles tuned alignment of LCs.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"57 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81934869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-18DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2022.2041395
Samantha Ndlovu, Moses A. Ollengo, E. Muchuweni, V. Nyamori
Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging efficient photovoltaic devices, with record-high power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of more than 25.5%. However, PSCs exhibit some drawbacks, such as poor stability upon exposure to moisture or humidity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and heat, which in turn limits the device lifetime and performance. In addition, the introduction of perovskite films comes with associated toxicity, which is a major environmental concern. Furthermore, the application of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as an electron transport layer (ETL) and 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) as a hole transport layer (HTL), causes device instability. The wide-bandgap characteristic of TiO2 introduces charge carrier recombination in the ETL, which, in turn, impairs device performance. This is, over and above, the high cost of spiro-OMeTAD, coupled with its multi-step synthetic preparation method. To address the aforementioned shortcomings, approaches, such as modifying the interfacial architecture, have been explored by introducing versatile materials between the charge-collecting electrode and the perovskite active layers. In this regard, perovskite oxides are more appealing due to their wide bandgap and high electron mobility. However, perovskite oxides have limitations due to their agglomeration, which causes short-circuits and leakage current, in addition to their poor charge separation efficiency, surface hydrophilicity and weak visible-light absorption. As a result, nanocomposites of perovskite oxides with carbon-based materials, particularly graphene and its derivatives, have attracted significant research attention due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties, superior stability, and non-toxicity of graphene-based materials. Therefore, this review discusses the recent trends in graphene-based materials, their composites with perovskite oxides, effective ETLs or HTLs of PSCs and the subsequent improvement of photovoltaic performance. In addition, a summary of synthetic routes for perovskite oxides/graphene nanocomposites is presented. This review will foster the advancement of the fabrication of PSCs with improved PCE and stability.
{"title":"Current advances in perovskite oxides supported on graphene-based materials as interfacial layers of perovskite solar cells","authors":"Samantha Ndlovu, Moses A. Ollengo, E. Muchuweni, V. Nyamori","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2022.2041395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2022.2041395","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging efficient photovoltaic devices, with record-high power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of more than 25.5%. However, PSCs exhibit some drawbacks, such as poor stability upon exposure to moisture or humidity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and heat, which in turn limits the device lifetime and performance. In addition, the introduction of perovskite films comes with associated toxicity, which is a major environmental concern. Furthermore, the application of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as an electron transport layer (ETL) and 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) as a hole transport layer (HTL), causes device instability. The wide-bandgap characteristic of TiO2 introduces charge carrier recombination in the ETL, which, in turn, impairs device performance. This is, over and above, the high cost of spiro-OMeTAD, coupled with its multi-step synthetic preparation method. To address the aforementioned shortcomings, approaches, such as modifying the interfacial architecture, have been explored by introducing versatile materials between the charge-collecting electrode and the perovskite active layers. In this regard, perovskite oxides are more appealing due to their wide bandgap and high electron mobility. However, perovskite oxides have limitations due to their agglomeration, which causes short-circuits and leakage current, in addition to their poor charge separation efficiency, surface hydrophilicity and weak visible-light absorption. As a result, nanocomposites of perovskite oxides with carbon-based materials, particularly graphene and its derivatives, have attracted significant research attention due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties, superior stability, and non-toxicity of graphene-based materials. Therefore, this review discusses the recent trends in graphene-based materials, their composites with perovskite oxides, effective ETLs or HTLs of PSCs and the subsequent improvement of photovoltaic performance. In addition, a summary of synthetic routes for perovskite oxides/graphene nanocomposites is presented. This review will foster the advancement of the fabrication of PSCs with improved PCE and stability.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"112 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85889766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-25DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2022.2027225
Syam G. Krishnan, A. Arulraj, P. Jagadish, M. Khalid, M. Nasrollahzadeh, Ran Fen, Chun–Chen Yang, G. Hegde
Abstract A circular economy targets zero waste converting both natural and synthetic wastes to valuable products, thereby promoting sustainable development. The porous nanocarbon synthesized from bio-waste is one such product used in applications such as energy storage, catalysis, and sensors. Different techniques are employed for synthesizing carbon from the biowastes and each route results in different properties toward end-user applications. Among them, surface area and porosity are the two critical factors that influence the energy storage capabilities of these synthesized carbon nanostructures. Besides the high surface area of the bio-derived carbons, the hindrance in supercapacitive performance is owing to its low porosity. Fewer review/research papers report the porosity tuning of these carbons for their influence on enhancing the performance of energy storage devices (supercapacitors). This critical review analyses the importance of porosity in these bio-derived carbons and reviews the recent development in its synthesis techniques along with its improvement in the energy storage capability. Special attention is also delivered to identify the ambient source of biowaste for carbon electrodes (fabrication) in supercapacitors. The recent research progress in tuning the porosity of these bio-derived carbons and the influence of electrolyte with porosity in affecting its supercapacitive energy storage is elucidated here. The research challenges, future research recommendations, and opportunities in the synthesis of bio-derived porous carbon for supercapacitor applications are briefed.
{"title":"Pore size matters!—a critical review on the supercapacitive charge storage enhancement of biocarbonaceous materials","authors":"Syam G. Krishnan, A. Arulraj, P. Jagadish, M. Khalid, M. Nasrollahzadeh, Ran Fen, Chun–Chen Yang, G. Hegde","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2022.2027225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2022.2027225","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A circular economy targets zero waste converting both natural and synthetic wastes to valuable products, thereby promoting sustainable development. The porous nanocarbon synthesized from bio-waste is one such product used in applications such as energy storage, catalysis, and sensors. Different techniques are employed for synthesizing carbon from the biowastes and each route results in different properties toward end-user applications. Among them, surface area and porosity are the two critical factors that influence the energy storage capabilities of these synthesized carbon nanostructures. Besides the high surface area of the bio-derived carbons, the hindrance in supercapacitive performance is owing to its low porosity. Fewer review/research papers report the porosity tuning of these carbons for their influence on enhancing the performance of energy storage devices (supercapacitors). This critical review analyses the importance of porosity in these bio-derived carbons and reviews the recent development in its synthesis techniques along with its improvement in the energy storage capability. Special attention is also delivered to identify the ambient source of biowaste for carbon electrodes (fabrication) in supercapacitors. The recent research progress in tuning the porosity of these bio-derived carbons and the influence of electrolyte with porosity in affecting its supercapacitive energy storage is elucidated here. The research challenges, future research recommendations, and opportunities in the synthesis of bio-derived porous carbon for supercapacitor applications are briefed.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"1 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82952229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2021.1989665
Y. Al-Douri, M. Mansoob Khan, James Robert Jennings, A. F. Abd El-Rehim
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic continues to afflict millions of people without respite. The relentless surge in infections is due to insufficient supplies of appropriate vaccines, the long incubation period and high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, and the lack of widespread detection and diagnosis. The development of low-cost rapid detection and sensing platforms will prove vital in the race to efficiently detect and diagnose COVID-19. Nanomaterial-based biosensors and detectors are particularly promising in this regard, with the potential to play a significant role in inhibiting the spread of COVID-19 by early detection. In this review, various schemes for the detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 are elaborated, with special emphasis on the unique advantages of nanomaterials for these niche applications. Moreover, smart nanomaterials, i.e., nanomaterials that respond to external stimuli by changing their physicochemical properties, are reviewed and evaluated for novel applications related to COVID-19 detection and diagnosis. The prospects of the reviewed materials and systems are discussed in detail, and a roadmap for future research and development is proposed.
{"title":"Nanomaterial-based biosensors for COVID-19 detection","authors":"Y. Al-Douri, M. Mansoob Khan, James Robert Jennings, A. F. Abd El-Rehim","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2021.1989665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2021.1989665","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic continues to afflict millions of people without respite. The relentless surge in infections is due to insufficient supplies of appropriate vaccines, the long incubation period and high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, and the lack of widespread detection and diagnosis. The development of low-cost rapid detection and sensing platforms will prove vital in the race to efficiently detect and diagnose COVID-19. Nanomaterial-based biosensors and detectors are particularly promising in this regard, with the potential to play a significant role in inhibiting the spread of COVID-19 by early detection. In this review, various schemes for the detection and diagnosis of COVID-19 are elaborated, with special emphasis on the unique advantages of nanomaterials for these niche applications. Moreover, smart nanomaterials, i.e., nanomaterials that respond to external stimuli by changing their physicochemical properties, are reviewed and evaluated for novel applications related to COVID-19 detection and diagnosis. The prospects of the reviewed materials and systems are discussed in detail, and a roadmap for future research and development is proposed.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"87 1","pages":"955 - 978"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83204564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-16DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2021.1989664
Sangram Mazumder, Mangesh V. Pantawane, S. Joshi, N. Dahotre
Abstract Titanium (Ti)-based alloys wield unique combination of mechanical, chemical, and high temperature properties, which place them at the forefront of engineering applications ranging from biomedical to aerospace. Among these properties, electrochemical and thermal-induced degradation involving corrosion and high-temperature oxidation, respectively, are critical as they impact service life of the component. Advanced manufacturing techniques under additive manufacturing (AM) offer capabilities of fabricating complex structural and functional, near-net shaped engineering components. Owing to the excellent weldability, and ease of precursor (powder/wire) formability, Ti alloys are especially suitable for production using AM techniques. In contrast to narrow range of near-equilibrium thermokinetic conditions in conventionally processing techniques of these alloys, AM fabricated materials encompass vast range of regimes of near to fully non-equilibrium thermokinetic and thermomechanic factors including multiple, extremely rapid heating/cooling cycles, steep thermal gradient, and severe thermal stress cycles controlled via distinct precursor morphology, processing atmosphere, and process parameters. Consequently, AM components exhibit characteristic microstructures including but not limited to heterogenous grain structure, non-equilibrium phase evolution, and presence of 3D macro/micro defects like crack networks, porosity, and crystallographic and atomic defects. These characteristics have been suggested to impact electrochemical and thermal-induced degradation of Ti alloys. Hence, there exists AM process induced variation in results and differed views about the mechanisms underlying these variations. The considerable prospect of AM for optimized fabrication of corrosion-resistant Ti alloys remains partly unrealized and provides plenty of room to explore. In this review, we discuss the present scenario of corrosion and high-temperature oxidation in AM Ti alloys. The process-induced peculiarities associated with AM and influence of these peculiarities and ambient media have been highlighted. Further, efforts to mitigate the corrosion/oxidation of AM components via post processing are reviewed. The review concludes comprehensively on the AM process-induced variation in corrosion and high temperature oxidation of Ti alloys.
{"title":"Electrochemical and thermal-induced degradation of additively manufactured titanium alloys: a review","authors":"Sangram Mazumder, Mangesh V. Pantawane, S. Joshi, N. Dahotre","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2021.1989664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2021.1989664","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Titanium (Ti)-based alloys wield unique combination of mechanical, chemical, and high temperature properties, which place them at the forefront of engineering applications ranging from biomedical to aerospace. Among these properties, electrochemical and thermal-induced degradation involving corrosion and high-temperature oxidation, respectively, are critical as they impact service life of the component. Advanced manufacturing techniques under additive manufacturing (AM) offer capabilities of fabricating complex structural and functional, near-net shaped engineering components. Owing to the excellent weldability, and ease of precursor (powder/wire) formability, Ti alloys are especially suitable for production using AM techniques. In contrast to narrow range of near-equilibrium thermokinetic conditions in conventionally processing techniques of these alloys, AM fabricated materials encompass vast range of regimes of near to fully non-equilibrium thermokinetic and thermomechanic factors including multiple, extremely rapid heating/cooling cycles, steep thermal gradient, and severe thermal stress cycles controlled via distinct precursor morphology, processing atmosphere, and process parameters. Consequently, AM components exhibit characteristic microstructures including but not limited to heterogenous grain structure, non-equilibrium phase evolution, and presence of 3D macro/micro defects like crack networks, porosity, and crystallographic and atomic defects. These characteristics have been suggested to impact electrochemical and thermal-induced degradation of Ti alloys. Hence, there exists AM process induced variation in results and differed views about the mechanisms underlying these variations. The considerable prospect of AM for optimized fabrication of corrosion-resistant Ti alloys remains partly unrealized and provides plenty of room to explore. In this review, we discuss the present scenario of corrosion and high-temperature oxidation in AM Ti alloys. The process-induced peculiarities associated with AM and influence of these peculiarities and ambient media have been highlighted. Further, efforts to mitigate the corrosion/oxidation of AM components via post processing are reviewed. The review concludes comprehensively on the AM process-induced variation in corrosion and high temperature oxidation of Ti alloys.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"915 - 954"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89010130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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