Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2019.1671799
Z. Shen, Yuquan Ding, A. Gerlich
Abstract Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a variation of linear Friction Stir Welding (FSW), which was invented to compete with resistance spot welding (RSW) and riveting of lightweight alloys in the automobile, shipbuilding and aerospace industries. Recently, the application of FSSW has rapidly extended to a variety of metals and nonmetals. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress on the process fundamentals, parameters optimization, microstructural evolution and mechanical properties, and relevant simulation and modeling of FSSW. The article also evaluates the energy generation, temperature distribution, plastic flow and joining mechanisms. The optimizations of tool design and welding parameters are obtained through experiments and modeling. Furthermore, a particular emphasis is given to microstructural characterization of the recovery, recrystallization and grain growth, and related annealing phenomena after in the welded alloys. The mechanisms of defect formation and liquidation cracking are discussed in detail. The mechanical properties, including hardness, static strength, fatigue performance and failure mechanisms and the relationship between mechanical properties and microstructures are also addressed along with residual stress and corrosion behavior.
{"title":"Advances in friction stir spot welding","authors":"Z. Shen, Yuquan Ding, A. Gerlich","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2019.1671799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2019.1671799","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a variation of linear Friction Stir Welding (FSW), which was invented to compete with resistance spot welding (RSW) and riveting of lightweight alloys in the automobile, shipbuilding and aerospace industries. Recently, the application of FSSW has rapidly extended to a variety of metals and nonmetals. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress on the process fundamentals, parameters optimization, microstructural evolution and mechanical properties, and relevant simulation and modeling of FSSW. The article also evaluates the energy generation, temperature distribution, plastic flow and joining mechanisms. The optimizations of tool design and welding parameters are obtained through experiments and modeling. Furthermore, a particular emphasis is given to microstructural characterization of the recovery, recrystallization and grain growth, and related annealing phenomena after in the welded alloys. The mechanisms of defect formation and liquidation cracking are discussed in detail. The mechanical properties, including hardness, static strength, fatigue performance and failure mechanisms and the relationship between mechanical properties and microstructures are also addressed along with residual stress and corrosion behavior.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"457 - 534"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74717238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2019.1671798
Piao Zhongyu, X. Binshi, Wang Haidou, Yu Xiao-xiao
Abstract Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) of sprayed coating is complicated process relating to materials, structures, loading conditions, etc. Herein, the research works over the past decades in RCF of sprayed coatings are summarized here to provide a guidance to further explore the new research interests. Firstly, comprehensive summaries including the common RCF-resisted coating materials, the regular RCF setups, typical failure modes of sprayed coatings, and statistical characterization methods for RCF lifetime are illustrated. Secondly, the influence of surface integrity on RCF behavior of sprayed coating is discussed. The according mechanisms are also discussed by fracture analysis, numerical calculation, and finite element method (FEM). Thirdly, the influence of working condition on RCF behavior of sprayed coating is discussed. The shear stress is recognized as the major contribution of the RCF fracture, and the sliding during rolling contact will deteriorate the lifetime of sprayed coating. Additionally, some new techniques and methodologies have been reported in the investigations of RCF behaviors of sprayed coatings. Nondestructive testing (NDT) and signal processing methods are critical in the detection of micro-fractures within the sprayed coatings. Finally, we have proposed some suggests in future investigation of RCF of sprayed coating based on the previous research achievements.
{"title":"Rolling Contact Fatigue Behavior of Thermal-Sprayed Coating: A Review","authors":"Piao Zhongyu, X. Binshi, Wang Haidou, Yu Xiao-xiao","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2019.1671798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2019.1671798","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) of sprayed coating is complicated process relating to materials, structures, loading conditions, etc. Herein, the research works over the past decades in RCF of sprayed coatings are summarized here to provide a guidance to further explore the new research interests. Firstly, comprehensive summaries including the common RCF-resisted coating materials, the regular RCF setups, typical failure modes of sprayed coatings, and statistical characterization methods for RCF lifetime are illustrated. Secondly, the influence of surface integrity on RCF behavior of sprayed coating is discussed. The according mechanisms are also discussed by fracture analysis, numerical calculation, and finite element method (FEM). Thirdly, the influence of working condition on RCF behavior of sprayed coating is discussed. The shear stress is recognized as the major contribution of the RCF fracture, and the sliding during rolling contact will deteriorate the lifetime of sprayed coating. Additionally, some new techniques and methodologies have been reported in the investigations of RCF behaviors of sprayed coatings. Nondestructive testing (NDT) and signal processing methods are critical in the detection of micro-fractures within the sprayed coatings. Finally, we have proposed some suggests in future investigation of RCF of sprayed coating based on the previous research achievements.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"429 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81236530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of zeolites has been received increasing attentions due to its great influence on the physical, chemical property and application of zeolites. Generally, zeolites with different hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity exhibit different interaction with molecules/contaminations of different polarity, and thus have found promising applications in various and different fields. In this review, we first discuss the two main influence factors, i.e. SiO2/Al2O3 ratio and surface hydroxyl groups affecting hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of aluminosilicate zeolites. Then, we give an overview of the ways for regulation of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of zeolites, i.e. hydrothermal synthesis, post synthesis for SiO2/Al2O3 ratio regulation and heat treatment, surface modification, water intrusion-extrusion method for hydroxyl groups regulation. The third, the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity determination methods, i.e. water vapor adsorption, hydrocarbon/water vapor adsorption and TG experiment methods are concluded and compared. Finally, the problems and challenges for the future of this subject are discussed.
{"title":"Regulation of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of aluminosilicate zeolites: a review","authors":"Cheng Wang, Huidong Guo, Shaozheng Leng, Jiale Yu, Kai Feng, Liyun Cao, Jianfeng Huang","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2020.1819198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2020.1819198","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of zeolites has been received increasing attentions due to its great influence on the physical, chemical property and application of zeolites. Generally, zeolites with different hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity exhibit different interaction with molecules/contaminations of different polarity, and thus have found promising applications in various and different fields. In this review, we first discuss the two main influence factors, i.e. SiO2/Al2O3 ratio and surface hydroxyl groups affecting hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of aluminosilicate zeolites. Then, we give an overview of the ways for regulation of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of zeolites, i.e. hydrothermal synthesis, post synthesis for SiO2/Al2O3 ratio regulation and heat treatment, surface modification, water intrusion-extrusion method for hydroxyl groups regulation. The third, the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity determination methods, i.e. water vapor adsorption, hydrocarbon/water vapor adsorption and TG experiment methods are concluded and compared. Finally, the problems and challenges for the future of this subject are discussed.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"330 - 348"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76304048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-06DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2020.1805295
K. Pal, Asiya Si, G. S. El-Sayyad, M. A. Elkodous, Rajesh Kumar, A. El-Batal, S. Kralj, Sabu Thomas
Abstract Two dimensional (2D) graphene and its derivatives modification with nanomaterials for formation of hybrid/nanocomposites undergo stimulus-induced optical and electrical changes which are important for many new switchable device technologies. The feature article deals with a straight forward and versatile technique for the fabrication of semiconductor nanomaterials (CdS and TiO2) nanomaterials dispersed liquid crystals (NDLC) or graphene dispersed liquid crystal (GDLC) by stretching hydrogen bonds (H-) in the precursor droplets between two substrates to form a liquid bridge. Fewer liquid crystals (LCs) possess a conventional oriented nematic phase with optimal performances. Evolving advantages of thin-film nanocomposite materials and switchable devices have fueled several developments in the field of flexible electronics, high contrast ratio smart display and opto-electronics. These advantages have been complemented with the expansion of novel composite materials such as GDLC and NDLC as sensors to monitor the inflammability, explosive nature and toxicity of chemicals. This discussion also delves into the fabrication of graphene assembly polymer nanocomposites dispersed in LCs, the necessity for bio-polymer incorporation and their bio-sensing and antimicrobial applications. Additionally, discussed the issues and challenges associated with understanding and exploiting the potentials of smart switchable devices fabricated by nanomaterials or polymer/graphene hybrid composite matrix. Following substantial development and optimized over decades, a novel mechanism employed in smart switchable devices via GDLC hybrid nanocomposite matrix has been found to offer numerous benefits including being cost-effective, possessing a large area compatibility and large scalability in addition to seamless heterogeneous integration.
{"title":"Cutting edge development on graphene derivatives modified by liquid crystal and CdS/TiO2 hybrid matrix: optoelectronics and biotechnological aspects","authors":"K. Pal, Asiya Si, G. S. El-Sayyad, M. A. Elkodous, Rajesh Kumar, A. El-Batal, S. Kralj, Sabu Thomas","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2020.1805295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2020.1805295","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two dimensional (2D) graphene and its derivatives modification with nanomaterials for formation of hybrid/nanocomposites undergo stimulus-induced optical and electrical changes which are important for many new switchable device technologies. The feature article deals with a straight forward and versatile technique for the fabrication of semiconductor nanomaterials (CdS and TiO2) nanomaterials dispersed liquid crystals (NDLC) or graphene dispersed liquid crystal (GDLC) by stretching hydrogen bonds (H-) in the precursor droplets between two substrates to form a liquid bridge. Fewer liquid crystals (LCs) possess a conventional oriented nematic phase with optimal performances. Evolving advantages of thin-film nanocomposite materials and switchable devices have fueled several developments in the field of flexible electronics, high contrast ratio smart display and opto-electronics. These advantages have been complemented with the expansion of novel composite materials such as GDLC and NDLC as sensors to monitor the inflammability, explosive nature and toxicity of chemicals. This discussion also delves into the fabrication of graphene assembly polymer nanocomposites dispersed in LCs, the necessity for bio-polymer incorporation and their bio-sensing and antimicrobial applications. Additionally, discussed the issues and challenges associated with understanding and exploiting the potentials of smart switchable devices fabricated by nanomaterials or polymer/graphene hybrid composite matrix. Following substantial development and optimized over decades, a novel mechanism employed in smart switchable devices via GDLC hybrid nanocomposite matrix has been found to offer numerous benefits including being cost-effective, possessing a large area compatibility and large scalability in addition to seamless heterogeneous integration.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"385 - 449"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90804703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-20DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2020.1819200
J. Maina, Andrea Merenda, M. Weber, J. Pringle, M. Bechelany, L. Hyde, L. Dumée
Abstract Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has emerged as the technique of choice in the microelectronics industry, owing to its self-limiting nature, that allows conformal film deposition in highly confined spaces. However, while the ALD of metal oxide has developed dramatically over the past decade, ALD of pure metal, particularly the transition metals has been developing at a very slow pace. This article reviews the latest development in the ALD of pure transition metals and alloys, for electronic and catalytic applications. In particular, the article analyzes how different factors, such as the substrate properties, deposition conditions, precursor and co-reactant properties, influence the deposition of the metal films and nanostructures, as well as the emerging applications of the ALD derived transition metal nanostructures. The challenges facing the field are highlighted, and suggestions are made for future research directions.
{"title":"Atomic layer deposition of transition metal films and nanostructures for electronic and catalytic applications","authors":"J. Maina, Andrea Merenda, M. Weber, J. Pringle, M. Bechelany, L. Hyde, L. Dumée","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2020.1819200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2020.1819200","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has emerged as the technique of choice in the microelectronics industry, owing to its self-limiting nature, that allows conformal film deposition in highly confined spaces. However, while the ALD of metal oxide has developed dramatically over the past decade, ALD of pure metal, particularly the transition metals has been developing at a very slow pace. This article reviews the latest development in the ALD of pure transition metals and alloys, for electronic and catalytic applications. In particular, the article analyzes how different factors, such as the substrate properties, deposition conditions, precursor and co-reactant properties, influence the deposition of the metal films and nanostructures, as well as the emerging applications of the ALD derived transition metal nanostructures. The challenges facing the field are highlighted, and suggestions are made for future research directions.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"468 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73965587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2020.1819199
Muhammad Usman, Munaza Munsif, Urooj Mushtaq, Abdur-Rehman Anwar, Nazeer Muhammad
Abstract Significant progress has been made in the advancement of light-emitting devices in both the blue and the red parts of the emission spectrum. However, the quantum efficiency of green light-emitting diodes is still significantly lower as compared to blue- and red-emitting devices. This efficiency lag is commonly known as the “green gap” in the solid-state lighting industry. The efficiency issues in the green emission spectrum restrain further advancement in solid-state lighting. A combination of efficient blue, green, and red light-emitting devices is a promising solution toward efficient white light-emitting diodes. Despite the efficiency gap in the green emission, the lighting industry continues to produce relatively efficient white light-emitting diodes using down-conversion phosphors. However, the fruits of the solid-state white lighting could be fully achieved through color-mixing approaches rather through phosphor-based conversion. Therefore, to produce efficient green light-emitting diodes, their inherent issues such as the density of different types of defects and internal electric field should be reduced. In this study, we review various challenges and prospects of green light-emitting diodes. Broadly, the first part of this review explains the complex factors that degrade the performance of InGaN/GaN multiquantum well green light-emitting diodes, whereas the second part focuses on different strategies to enhance the internal quantum efficiency of green light-emitting diodes.
{"title":"Green gap in GaN-based light-emitting diodes: in perspective","authors":"Muhammad Usman, Munaza Munsif, Urooj Mushtaq, Abdur-Rehman Anwar, Nazeer Muhammad","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2020.1819199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2020.1819199","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Significant progress has been made in the advancement of light-emitting devices in both the blue and the red parts of the emission spectrum. However, the quantum efficiency of green light-emitting diodes is still significantly lower as compared to blue- and red-emitting devices. This efficiency lag is commonly known as the “green gap” in the solid-state lighting industry. The efficiency issues in the green emission spectrum restrain further advancement in solid-state lighting. A combination of efficient blue, green, and red light-emitting devices is a promising solution toward efficient white light-emitting diodes. Despite the efficiency gap in the green emission, the lighting industry continues to produce relatively efficient white light-emitting diodes using down-conversion phosphors. However, the fruits of the solid-state white lighting could be fully achieved through color-mixing approaches rather through phosphor-based conversion. Therefore, to produce efficient green light-emitting diodes, their inherent issues such as the density of different types of defects and internal electric field should be reduced. In this study, we review various challenges and prospects of green light-emitting diodes. Broadly, the first part of this review explains the complex factors that degrade the performance of InGaN/GaN multiquantum well green light-emitting diodes, whereas the second part focuses on different strategies to enhance the internal quantum efficiency of green light-emitting diodes.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"450 - 467"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87844933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2019.1652143
G. Sujan, Z. Pan, Huijun Li, D. Liang, N. Alam
Abstract Hydrogen has been considered as a potential candidate for the replacement of fossil fuels in future due to its renewability, abundance, ease in production, environmental friendliness and high energy efficiency. In this regard, chemical storage of hydrogen in solid state of metal hydrides is the safest method for stationary and portable applications since these can be functioned at lower pressure and ambient temperature. Among the desirable metal hydrides, the intermetallic compound TiFe of cubic CsCl-type structure is well known for absorbing hydrogen reversibly up to 1.9 wt.% to form β-FeTiH and γ-FeTiH2 phases. In this paper, we have discussed the historic background outlining the recent developments on the microstructural modifications, activation kinetics and processing routes of TiFe intermetallic alloys toward the improvement of hydrogenation properties. An in-depth microstructural analysis of TiFe alloys has been presented in terms of crystallography, hydride phase formation and hydrogenation mechanisms. The rate-controlling steps for the mechanisms of (de)hydrogenation processes of TiFe intermetallics have been explained in details. It was found that the rate-controlling steps of the hydriding reaction were dependent on the fraction of β-hydride phase. Intensive research activities were carried out to improve the first hydrogenation kinetics that can be categorized into two groups: alloying and mechanical activation. The mechanisms for improved hydrogenation kinetics in both cases have been explained. Lastly, various fabrication processes to produce TiFe alloys have been presented and correlated with cost-effectiveness and hydrogen-storage capability. Therefore, the focus of this article is to present the basic knowledge and recent developments on TiFe intermetallic alloys for future hydrogen-storage applications which will be beneficial to researchers and practitioners in the field of interest.
{"title":"An overview on TiFe intermetallic for solid-state hydrogen storage: microstructure, hydrogenation and fabrication processes","authors":"G. Sujan, Z. Pan, Huijun Li, D. Liang, N. Alam","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2019.1652143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2019.1652143","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hydrogen has been considered as a potential candidate for the replacement of fossil fuels in future due to its renewability, abundance, ease in production, environmental friendliness and high energy efficiency. In this regard, chemical storage of hydrogen in solid state of metal hydrides is the safest method for stationary and portable applications since these can be functioned at lower pressure and ambient temperature. Among the desirable metal hydrides, the intermetallic compound TiFe of cubic CsCl-type structure is well known for absorbing hydrogen reversibly up to 1.9 wt.% to form β-FeTiH and γ-FeTiH2 phases. In this paper, we have discussed the historic background outlining the recent developments on the microstructural modifications, activation kinetics and processing routes of TiFe intermetallic alloys toward the improvement of hydrogenation properties. An in-depth microstructural analysis of TiFe alloys has been presented in terms of crystallography, hydride phase formation and hydrogenation mechanisms. The rate-controlling steps for the mechanisms of (de)hydrogenation processes of TiFe intermetallics have been explained in details. It was found that the rate-controlling steps of the hydriding reaction were dependent on the fraction of β-hydride phase. Intensive research activities were carried out to improve the first hydrogenation kinetics that can be categorized into two groups: alloying and mechanical activation. The mechanisms for improved hydrogenation kinetics in both cases have been explained. Lastly, various fabrication processes to produce TiFe alloys have been presented and correlated with cost-effectiveness and hydrogen-storage capability. Therefore, the focus of this article is to present the basic knowledge and recent developments on TiFe intermetallic alloys for future hydrogen-storage applications which will be beneficial to researchers and practitioners in the field of interest.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"62 1","pages":"410 - 427"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81225924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2019.1632794
Poornima Bhagavath, R. Shetty, D. Sunil
Abstract Nature constructs captivating stable structures and assemblies using the principles of order and flexibility. A lot of literature evidence focuses on the design of mesogenic soft materials with a 1,3,5-triazine core due to its appealing structure and properties. Progress in the field of triazine-based liquid crystal molecules with emphasis on their synthesis and mesomorphic features is presented in this review. The prospects that could orient researchers to stimulate further efforts in this area are also presented.
{"title":"1,3,5-Triazine-Based Liquid Crystals: An Up-to-Date Appraisal of Their Synthetic Design and Mesogenic Properties","authors":"Poornima Bhagavath, R. Shetty, D. Sunil","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2019.1632794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2019.1632794","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nature constructs captivating stable structures and assemblies using the principles of order and flexibility. A lot of literature evidence focuses on the design of mesogenic soft materials with a 1,3,5-triazine core due to its appealing structure and properties. Progress in the field of triazine-based liquid crystal molecules with emphasis on their synthesis and mesomorphic features is presented in this review. The prospects that could orient researchers to stimulate further efforts in this area are also presented.","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"243 1","pages":"378 - 409"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83718777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2019.1632793
Elochukwu Stephen Agudosi, E. C. Abdullah, Arshid Numan, N. M. Mubarak, M. Khalid, N. Omar
Abstract Graphene – a carbon nanomaterial has gained huge research interest due to its intriguing and extraordinary properties such as large surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, ultra-thinness, high electron mobility, and superior mechanical strength. The combination of graphene with other inorganic nanoparticles can significantly boost its physiochemical properties and hence, opens up new frontiers of its utilization. Grapheneis significantly exploited for the energy storage systems due to its great potential for electrochemical energy storage . However, the experimental electrochemical performance of graphene is still far away from the theoretical facts. This study critically evaluated the existing synthesis routes for the production of graphene, graphene-based composites and their utilization in the energy storage applications. Furthermore, the techno-economic analysis of the synthesis methods was undertaken to determine the best routes in terms of sustainability for commercial graphene production. Lastly, the fundamental understanding of graphene growth mechanisms and the overall intricacies of the synthesis processes were highlighted and the possible way forward is proposed. Therefore, in the quest for the development of effective alternative yet sustainable energy storage devices; it is hoped that this research will give useful insights to researchers and key players in the electronics industry. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"A Review of the Graphene Synthesis Routes and its Applications in Electrochemical Energy Storage","authors":"Elochukwu Stephen Agudosi, E. C. Abdullah, Arshid Numan, N. M. Mubarak, M. Khalid, N. Omar","doi":"10.1080/10408436.2019.1632793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2019.1632793","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Graphene – a carbon nanomaterial has gained huge research interest due to its intriguing and extraordinary properties such as large surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, ultra-thinness, high electron mobility, and superior mechanical strength. The combination of graphene with other inorganic nanoparticles can significantly boost its physiochemical properties and hence, opens up new frontiers of its utilization. Grapheneis significantly exploited for the energy storage systems due to its great potential for electrochemical energy storage . However, the experimental electrochemical performance of graphene is still far away from the theoretical facts. This study critically evaluated the existing synthesis routes for the production of graphene, graphene-based composites and their utilization in the energy storage applications. Furthermore, the techno-economic analysis of the synthesis methods was undertaken to determine the best routes in terms of sustainability for commercial graphene production. Lastly, the fundamental understanding of graphene growth mechanisms and the overall intricacies of the synthesis processes were highlighted and the possible way forward is proposed. Therefore, in the quest for the development of effective alternative yet sustainable energy storage devices; it is hoped that this research will give useful insights to researchers and key players in the electronics industry. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":55203,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"339 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84655565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10408436.2019.1632792
Nima Seyed Pourmand, H. Asgharzadeh
Abstract Graphene, a single-atom-thick sheet of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms densely packed within a hexagonal crystal lattice, owes a significant portion of its rapidly expanding usage in various fields of industry and science to its large surface area, lightweight, unique electronic and thermal properties, and extraordinary mechanical properties that it possesses. Using lightweight and high-strength materials leads to a substantial decrease in fuel consumption as well as an increase in payload. Among the numerous candidates to fulfill the aforementioned requirements, Al alloys and specifically, Al matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced with various graphene particles (nano-sheets, nano-platelets, etc.) stand out owing to their inherent lightweight, high specific strength and modulus, superior ductility and excellent thermal conductivity. In this paper, it has been endeavored to provide a comprehensive overview of the various methods of the synthesis and fabrication of graphene-reinforced AMCs with an overall intention of achieving a homogeneous distribution of graphene within the Al matrix. The emphasis of this review has been largely placed upon the detailed examination of the mechanical properties of these composites described in the recent literature published in this field. The strengthening mechanisms of Al/graphene composites, as well as the parameters affecting the strength and ductility achieved by graphene, such as the agglomeration of graphene within the Al matrix and Al/graphene interfacial reactions, have been elucidated. The role of graphene on the electrical and thermal properties of graphene-reinforced AMCs and the directions for future research are addressed. It should be noted, however, that while a diligent analysis of various works published in the field of Al/graphene composites has been carried out in this review, an exact comparison between the varying stages of each work, or their final properties is impractical, mainly due to the differences in the used initial substances, processing, and analyses.
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