The evaluation of chip clogging on the bottom surface of diamond-coated drills is traditionally performed through visual inspection by technicians. This study replicates this sensory evaluation by constructing a clogging discriminator using supervised machine learning with drill surface images. Image features ensuring high discrimination accuracy while minimizing wear or coating influence were identified. Verification results demonstrated that the histogram of oriented gradients and cumulative distribution function of luminance effectively construct a robust clogging discriminator, regardless of surface conditions. This method enables efficient clogging assessment, contributing to practical applications and improved drill performance evaluation in industrial settings.
{"title":"Robust estimation of chip clogging with supervised learning using tool surface image","authors":"Tatsuya Furuki , Koichi Nishigaki , Takashi Suda , Hirofumi Suzuki (1)","doi":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evaluation of chip clogging on the bottom surface of diamond-coated drills is traditionally performed through visual inspection by technicians. This study replicates this sensory evaluation by constructing a clogging discriminator using supervised machine learning with drill surface images. Image features ensuring high discrimination accuracy while minimizing wear or coating influence were identified. Verification results demonstrated that the histogram of oriented gradients and cumulative distribution function of luminance effectively construct a robust clogging discriminator, regardless of surface conditions. This method enables efficient clogging assessment, contributing to practical applications and improved drill performance evaluation in industrial settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55256,"journal":{"name":"Cirp Annals-Manufacturing Technology","volume":"74 1","pages":"Pages 453-457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gallium nitride (GaN) is a promising material for high-power, high-frequency electronic devices. Plasma-assisted polishing (PAP) process achieved high-quality surface polishing of GaN by combining plasma modification with the removal of modified layer using soft abrasives. In PAP, the modification rate directly determines the overall PAP efficiency. This study replaced traditional oxidative plasma with vacuum H₂ plasma, which has a smaller atomic diameter and reducing properties, to improve modification efficiency. By thoroughly investigating the mechanism of H₂ plasma modification on GaN surface and optimizing the relevant process parameters, efficient and controllable GaN surface modification was achieved while suppressing surface roughness deterioration.
{"title":"High-efficiency modification mechanism of GaN(0001) in plasma-assisted polishing using hydrogen plasma","authors":"Tong Tao, Rongyan Sun, Yuji Ohkubo, Kazuya Yamamura (2)","doi":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.03.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.03.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gallium nitride (GaN) is a promising material for high-power, high-frequency electronic devices. Plasma-assisted polishing (PAP) process achieved high-quality surface polishing of GaN by combining plasma modification with the removal of modified layer using soft abrasives. In PAP, the modification rate directly determines the overall PAP efficiency. This study replaced traditional oxidative plasma with vacuum H₂ plasma, which has a smaller atomic diameter and reducing properties, to improve modification efficiency. By thoroughly investigating the mechanism of H₂ plasma modification on GaN surface and optimizing the relevant process parameters, efficient and controllable GaN surface modification was achieved while suppressing surface roughness deterioration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55256,"journal":{"name":"Cirp Annals-Manufacturing Technology","volume":"74 1","pages":"Pages 447-451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.051
Rüdiger Daub , Paul Geng
Gripper systems play a crucial role in robot-based automation. Frequent refitting hinders automation in companies with high product variance, but flexible gripper systems are costly. Therefore, this paper presents a software-based methodology to increase the object flexibility of standardized gripper systems during their design phase. The first step is to use clustering algorithms based on the physical properties of the workpieces to find similarities. Afterward, an optimization is used to identify common grasp points across workpieces. The approach is validated using vacuum gripper systems as a low-cost automation tool and printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) as exemplary workpieces.
{"title":"Increasing object flexibility of vacuum gripper systems through a common grasp search","authors":"Rüdiger Daub , Paul Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gripper systems play a crucial role in robot-based automation. Frequent refitting hinders automation in companies with high product variance, but flexible gripper systems are costly. Therefore, this paper presents a software-based methodology to increase the object flexibility of standardized gripper systems during their design phase. The first step is to use clustering algorithms based on the physical properties of the workpieces to find similarities. Afterward, an optimization is used to identify common grasp points across workpieces. The approach is validated using vacuum gripper systems as a low-cost automation tool and printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) as exemplary workpieces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55256,"journal":{"name":"Cirp Annals-Manufacturing Technology","volume":"74 1","pages":"Pages 31-35"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-05-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.076
Andreas Klink (2) , Lukas Welschof , Kai Oßwald , Tim Herrig
Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (Wire EDM) is particularly suitable for producing high-precision geometries in demanding materials such as the manufacture of profile grooves in turbine disks. Advanced monitoring nowadays allows the time and spatially resolved in-process discharge analysis. Therefore, in this paper the machining of Inconel 718 parts is fundamentally studied and the resulting surface integrity in terms of roughness and residual stresses is evaluated for main and trim cut strategies. Finally, the resulting bending fatigue performance is characterized in a zone resolved and overall averaged analysis along the workpiece height and compared to reference results of alternative machining approaches.
{"title":"Spatially resolved wire EDM discharge analysis for dynamic part strength evaluation","authors":"Andreas Klink (2) , Lukas Welschof , Kai Oßwald , Tim Herrig","doi":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (Wire EDM) is particularly suitable for producing high-precision geometries in demanding materials such as the manufacture of profile grooves in turbine disks. Advanced monitoring nowadays allows the time and spatially resolved in-process discharge analysis. Therefore, in this paper the machining of Inconel 718 parts is fundamentally studied and the resulting surface integrity in terms of roughness and residual stresses is evaluated for main and trim cut strategies. Finally, the resulting bending fatigue performance is characterized in a zone resolved and overall averaged analysis along the workpiece height and compared to reference results of alternative machining approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55256,"journal":{"name":"Cirp Annals-Manufacturing Technology","volume":"74 1","pages":"Pages 239-243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-05-04DOI: 10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.012
Tatsunori Hara (2), Taisei Kawamura, Miwako Goto, Jun Ota
This study explores a large language model (LLM)-based system enhancing design methodology education, focusing on design for environment (DfE). By integrating GPT-4 with DfE guidelines and a dual-loop structured learning workflow, we developed an interactive system addressing persistent challenges in design method learning. Through personalised exercises and systematic feedback, our system guided beginners in applying DfE strategies while fostering self-directed learning. Experiments involving 30 participants revealed significant improvements across Bloom's taxonomy domains, particularly when learners demonstrated sustained or developing proactiveness. This study analysed how LLM-based systems can support education for various design for X methodologies through generalizable interaction frameworks.
{"title":"Learning of design for environment with large language models: An interactive system using GPT-4","authors":"Tatsunori Hara (2), Taisei Kawamura, Miwako Goto, Jun Ota","doi":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores a large language model (LLM)-based system enhancing design methodology education, focusing on design for environment (DfE). By integrating GPT-4 with DfE guidelines and a dual-loop structured learning workflow, we developed an interactive system addressing persistent challenges in design method learning. Through personalised exercises and systematic feedback, our system guided beginners in applying DfE strategies while fostering self-directed learning. Experiments involving 30 participants revealed significant improvements across Bloom's taxonomy domains, particularly when learners demonstrated sustained or developing proactiveness. This study analysed how LLM-based systems can support education for various design for X methodologies through generalizable interaction frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55256,"journal":{"name":"Cirp Annals-Manufacturing Technology","volume":"74 1","pages":"Pages 197-201"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-04-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.053
Haiwei Zhou , Wen Li , Sami Kara (1) , Michael Zwicky Hauschild (1)
Circular economy (CE) strategies hold substantial potential for reducing product carbon footprints (CF), yet their effectiveness and specific impact pathways remain unclear. This study develops a quantitative framework for calculating and comparing the CF under various CE strategies, demonstrated with a case of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Results show CE strategies have varying impacts on material and other flows in a battery lifecycle and do not necessarily reduce CF. A combination of six CE strategies halves the CF of LIBs, suggesting additional efforts are required for deeper decarbonisation. This framework offers insights to guide effective CE actions and advance sustainable products.
{"title":"Impacts of circular economy strategies on product carbon footprint: A lithium-ion battery case","authors":"Haiwei Zhou , Wen Li , Sami Kara (1) , Michael Zwicky Hauschild (1)","doi":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Circular economy (CE) strategies hold substantial potential for reducing product carbon footprints (CF), yet their effectiveness and specific impact pathways remain unclear. This study develops a quantitative framework for calculating and comparing the CF under various CE strategies, demonstrated with a case of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Results show CE strategies have varying impacts on material and other flows in a battery lifecycle and do not necessarily reduce CF. A combination of six CE strategies halves the CF of LIBs, suggesting additional efforts are required for deeper decarbonisation. This framework offers insights to guide effective CE actions and advance sustainable products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55256,"journal":{"name":"Cirp Annals-Manufacturing Technology","volume":"74 1","pages":"Pages 67-71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.068
Qinglu Meng , Yingguang Li (2) , Xu Liu , Gengxiang Chen , Yicheng Zhang , Lihui Wang (1)
Geometry representation, as a fundamental aspect of topology optimisation, is crucial to meet the growing demand for customised structural designs in Industry 4.0. Implicit neural representation (INR) based on neural network (NN) has emerged as a promising paradigm for geometry representation. To address the limitations of point-wise NN-based INR, this paper proposes a field-wise geometry representation via neural operators on Riemannian manifolds (NORM) for topology optimisation. Verification results demonstrate that the proposed method can not only obtain high-frequency structures with better performance, but also achieve active control of structural frequency and maintain local continuity of the optimised structure.
{"title":"Implicit geometry representation via neural operators on Riemannian manifolds for topology optimisation","authors":"Qinglu Meng , Yingguang Li (2) , Xu Liu , Gengxiang Chen , Yicheng Zhang , Lihui Wang (1)","doi":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geometry representation, as a fundamental aspect of topology optimisation, is crucial to meet the growing demand for customised structural designs in Industry 4.0. Implicit neural representation (INR) based on neural network (NN) has emerged as a promising paradigm for geometry representation. To address the limitations of point-wise NN-based INR, this paper proposes a field-wise geometry representation via neural operators on Riemannian manifolds (NORM) for topology optimisation. Verification results demonstrate that the proposed method can not only obtain high-frequency structures with better performance, but also achieve active control of structural frequency and maintain local continuity of the optimised structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55256,"journal":{"name":"Cirp Annals-Manufacturing Technology","volume":"74 1","pages":"Pages 173-177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Freeform optics allow holistic system design in both fields of imaging and illumination. In combination with lens arrays, they enable advanced applications such as aberration free imaging and beam redistribution from multiple irradiation sources. This paper describes an automated design method for freeform optical arrays in both tangential and normal directions. Optimizing the tangential layout of segments increases the solid angle of light collection and thus improves energy efficiency. Surface shapes are then computed by an iterative construction method based on Fermat's principle and Snell's law. Complex illumination with up-to 85% light collection is demonstrated experimentally.
{"title":"Optimization of segment topology and surface form for efficient illumination with freeform lens arrays","authors":"Atsushi Sasaki , Okiharu Kirino , Kazunori Watanabe , Anthony Beaucamp (2)","doi":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freeform optics allow holistic system design in both fields of imaging and illumination. In combination with lens arrays, they enable advanced applications such as aberration free imaging and beam redistribution from multiple irradiation sources. This paper describes an automated design method for freeform optical arrays in both tangential and normal directions. Optimizing the tangential layout of segments increases the solid angle of light collection and thus improves energy efficiency. Surface shapes are then computed by an iterative construction method based on Fermat's principle and Snell's law. Complex illumination with up-to 85% light collection is demonstrated experimentally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55256,"journal":{"name":"Cirp Annals-Manufacturing Technology","volume":"74 1","pages":"Pages 179-183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.005
Markus Bambach (2), Michael Robert Tucker
This study presents the design of a novel rotary PBF-LB/M machine where the recoater and gas system rotate synchronously with laser exposure. Unlike previous setups, the rotating nozzle covers only part of the powder bed, enabling higher localized gas velocities. CFD simulations indicate that a fine-mesh square grid improves flow uniformity with minimal powder disturbance. An angled recoater design supports stable rotary powder deposition. Trial builds, in-process measurements, and analyses of timing and powder efficiency demonstrate the system's effectiveness for annular parts, offering a significant speed advantage over rectilinear designs.
{"title":"Design and analyses of powder deposition, gas flow, and productivity for a rotary laser powder bed fusion system","authors":"Markus Bambach (2), Michael Robert Tucker","doi":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the design of a novel rotary PBF-LB/M machine where the recoater and gas system rotate synchronously with laser exposure. Unlike previous setups, the rotating nozzle covers only part of the powder bed, enabling higher localized gas velocities. CFD simulations indicate that a fine-mesh square grid improves flow uniformity with minimal powder disturbance. An angled recoater design supports stable rotary powder deposition. Trial builds, in-process measurements, and analyses of timing and powder efficiency demonstrate the system's effectiveness for annular parts, offering a significant speed advantage over rectilinear designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55256,"journal":{"name":"Cirp Annals-Manufacturing Technology","volume":"74 1","pages":"Pages 315-319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2025-05-12DOI: 10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.074
Christian Baumann , Manisha Yerranagu , Weijun Zhang , Aishwarya Deshpande , Severin Maier , Stefan Gössinger , Masakazu Soshi , Friedrich Bleicher (1) , Frank E. Pfefferkorn (1)
The objective of this work is to compare three different hybrid metal additive-subtractive manufacturing processes to enable decision-making and future research. This was achieved by producing the same artifact out of 316L stainless steel with - Friction Surfacing, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, and Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition. Key process outcomes including cycle time, resource consumption, distortion, energy consumption, microstructure, hardness, and tensile strength were analyzed. It was observed that: Friction Surfacing demonstrates higher hardness due to its solid-state nature; Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing offers lower cycle times and resource consumption; and Directed Energy Deposition provides near net shape geometries.
{"title":"Comparison of three hybrid metal additive-subtractive manufacturing processes","authors":"Christian Baumann , Manisha Yerranagu , Weijun Zhang , Aishwarya Deshpande , Severin Maier , Stefan Gössinger , Masakazu Soshi , Friedrich Bleicher (1) , Frank E. Pfefferkorn (1)","doi":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cirp.2025.04.074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this work is to compare three different hybrid metal additive-subtractive manufacturing processes to enable decision-making and future research. This was achieved by producing the same artifact out of 316L stainless steel with - Friction Surfacing, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, and Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition. Key process outcomes including cycle time, resource consumption, distortion, energy consumption, microstructure, hardness, and tensile strength were analyzed. It was observed that: Friction Surfacing demonstrates higher hardness due to its solid-state nature; Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing offers lower cycle times and resource consumption; and Directed Energy Deposition provides near net shape geometries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55256,"journal":{"name":"Cirp Annals-Manufacturing Technology","volume":"74 1","pages":"Pages 321-325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144611888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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