Child Care Health and Development最新文献_第5页

Can You See Us Play? Observing Inclusive Outdoor Play Behaviour Among Children With and Without Disabilities: A Mixed Methods Study 你能看到我们玩吗？观察残疾儿童和非残疾儿童的包容性户外游戏行为：一项混合方法研究。

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Child Care Health and Development

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1111/cch.70198

R. Q. Beekhuizen, M. A. T. Bloemen, E. A. M. Bolster, K. Visser, R. van der Lugt, M. Bassa, N. L. Henry, E. M. W. Kotte, M. van Hartingsveldt, J. W. Gorter

Background

Outdoor play is essential for children's development. However, children with disabilities face barriers in outdoor play. In the Netherlands, there are limited opportunities for children with and without disabilities to play together. While previous research examined the perspectives of parents, professionals and children regarding inclusive outdoor play, little is known about actual outdoor play behaviour. This exploratory study uses observational research to investigate how children with and without disabilities engage in outdoor play together.

Methods

We used a mixed-methods approach: quantitative assessments using the Test of Playfulness (ToP) and the Test of Environmental Supportiveness (TOES) were combined with qualitative observations focused on inclusive outdoor play, conducted during six outdoor play sessions at inclusive playgrounds. Children with and without disabilities aged 4–12 years (n = 63) were selected through purposive sampling.

Results

Quantitative analysis revealed that boys and children with disabilities scored significantly lower on the ToP, indicating reduced playfulness. Gender was also significantly associated with TOES scores, with boys scoring lower, indicating less environmental support for play. Qualitative observations identified six key themes influencing inclusivity in outdoor play behaviour: (1) variety of play types, (2) getting to know each other, (3) making contact, (4) interaction while playing together, (5) influence of the social environment and (6) influence of the physical environment.

Conclusions

This study highlights the diversity in playfulness skills and environmental support observed among children with and without disabilities. It emphasizes the role of social interactions, peer relationships and environmental factors in shaping inclusive play behaviour. These findings underscore the importance of both social and physical aspects to promote inclusive outdoor play. By integrating these insights, the study provides guidance for paediatric rehabilitation professionals, whose role in facilitating inclusive play and overcoming barriers is essential to create outdoor play opportunities for all children.

背景：户外游戏对儿童的发展至关重要。然而，残疾儿童在户外玩耍时面临障碍。在荷兰，残疾儿童和非残疾儿童在一起玩耍的机会有限。虽然之前的研究考察了家长、专业人士和儿童对包容性户外游戏的看法，但对实际的户外游戏行为知之甚少。本探索性研究采用观察性研究的方法，探讨残疾儿童和非残疾儿童如何参与户外游戏。方法：我们采用混合方法：利用可玩性测试（ToP）和环境支持性测试（TOES）进行定量评估，并结合对包容性户外游戏的定性观察，在包容性游乐场进行了六次户外游戏会议。采用目的抽样法，选取4 ~ 12岁有残疾和无残疾儿童63例。结果：定量分析显示，男孩和残疾儿童在ToP上的得分明显较低，这表明他们的游戏性降低了。性别也与脚趾得分显著相关，男孩得分较低，表明对玩耍的环境支持较少。定性观察确定了影响户外游戏行为包容性的六个关键主题：(1)游戏类型的多样性，(2)相互了解，(3)接触，(4)一起玩时的互动，(5)社会环境的影响，(6)物理环境的影响。结论：本研究强调了在残疾儿童和非残疾儿童中观察到的玩耍技能和环境支持的多样性。它强调社会互动、同伴关系和环境因素在塑造包容性游戏行为中的作用。这些发现强调了社会和身体方面对于促进包容性户外游戏的重要性。通过整合这些见解，该研究为儿科康复专业人员提供了指导，他们在促进包容性游戏和克服障碍方面的作用对于为所有儿童创造户外游戏机会至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Barriers to and Enablers of the Transition From Child to Adult Mental Health Services for Autistic Young People and/or Those With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Scoping Review 自闭症青少年和/或注意缺陷多动障碍患者从儿童到成人心理健康服务过渡的障碍和促进因素：范围审查

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Child Care Health and Development

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1111/cch.70201

Kim Tang, Craig Thompson, Elizabeth Hill, Elizabeth Pellicano, Phoebe Wan, Bronwyn Myers

Background

Many autistic young people and/or those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have co-occurring mental health conditions. These individuals can experience significant challenges when transitioning from child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adult mental health services (AMHS). However, barriers and enablers to the transition from CAMHS to AMHS are poorly understood for this population. This scoping review sought to synthesise the available evidence on barriers and enablers to the transition from CAMHS to AMHS for autistic young people and/or those with ADHD.

Methods

Arksey and O'Malley's six-step framework for scoping reviews was used to map out the evidence available and report the findings with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines (PRISMA-ScR). Electronic databases of Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and ProQuest Central were searched for relevant studies published in English with no date limitations. The review included studies that focused on young people with a primary diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or ADHD (population) and their care transition barriers and/or enablers (concept) from CAMHS to AMHS (context). A socioecological framework informed data extraction and narrative synthesis of data on barriers and enablers to transition.

Results

This review identified 1677 studies, of which 66 proceeded to full-text screening, and 10 were included. Most studies focused on institutional-level transition barriers, including poor communication between CAMHS and AMHS and lack of clarity about their role in the transition process. Involvement of the neurodivergent young person in decision-making processes about their mental health care and clinicians who tailored their approaches to the needs of the neurodivergent young person emerged as key enablers of a positive transition experience. Studies largely failed to examine community and policy-related barriers to mental health care transitions. Most studies examined the perspectives of providers or carers, with only five representing the perspectives of neurodivergent people.

Conclusion

Young people who are autistic and/or have ADHD experience many barriers to their transition from CAMHS to AMHS; however, few studies have examined barriers and enablers to the service transition process.

背景：许多患有自闭症的年轻人和/或患有注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的人有共同发生的精神健康状况。这些人在从儿童和青少年心理健康服务（CAMHS）过渡到成人心理健康服务（AMHS）时可能会遇到重大挑战。然而，从CAMHS向AMHS过渡的障碍和推动因素对这一人群知之甚少。本综述旨在综合现有证据，探讨自闭症青少年和/或ADHD患者从CAMHS向AMHS过渡的障碍和促进因素。方法：使用Arksey和O'Malley的六步范围评价框架来绘制可用证据，并使用系统评价和范围评价扩展元分析首选报告项目（PRISMA-ScR）报告结果。检索Medline、PsycINFO、CINAHL、Scopus和ProQuest Central等电子数据库，检索无日期限制的英文发表的相关研究。这篇综述包括了主要诊断为自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和/或ADHD的年轻人（人群）以及他们从CAMHS到AMHS的护理过渡障碍和/或促进因素（概念）（背景）的研究。一个社会生态框架为关于过渡障碍和促进因素的数据提取和叙事综合提供了信息。结果：本综述确定了1677项研究，其中66项进行了全文筛选，其中10项被纳入。大多数研究侧重于制度层面的过渡障碍，包括CAMHS和AMHS之间沟通不畅，以及它们在过渡过程中的作用不明确。神经发散性年轻人参与其心理健康护理的决策过程，以及临床医生根据神经发散性年轻人的需求量身定制他们的方法，成为积极转变体验的关键促成因素。研究在很大程度上未能检查社区和政策相关的精神卫生保健过渡障碍。大多数研究考察了提供者或护理者的观点，只有五项研究代表了神经分化者的观点。结论：患有自闭症和/或ADHD的青少年在从CAMHS向AMHS过渡的过程中遇到了许多障碍；然而，很少有研究审查了服务转型过程的障碍和推动因素。

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引用次数: 0

To Quit or Stay: The Role of Social Support in Fulfilling Psychological Needs and Reducing Rural Chinese Students' Dropout Intention 退学与留学：社会支持在满足心理需求和降低农村学生退学意向中的作用。

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Child Care Health and Development

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1111/cch.70197

Jia Zhuang

Background

School dropout remains a pressing issue in rural China. Despite an increasing number of studies exploring its antecedents, there is still limited understanding of the protective factors and mechanisms pertaining to rural students' school retention. Drawing on self-determination theory, this study investigates the interrelationships among four dimensions of social support (i.e., caregivers, peers, school and community), satisfaction of basic psychological needs and school dropout intentions among Chinese rural students.

Methods

Utilizing longitudinal data from a survey conducted in four junior high schools in Central China (N = 2187), this study employed structural equation modelling to test the mediating effect of basic psychological needs satisfaction on the relationship between the four dimensions of social support and dropout intentions.

Results

The mediation analysis reveals that the four dimensions of social support are positively correlated with students' satisfaction of basic psychological needs, which in turn is negatively correlated with their intentions to drop out. The mediating effect of basic psychological needs satisfaction was determined.

Implications

This study highlights the importance of addressing rural students' psychological needs to enhance school retention. It advocates for integrating these needs into curriculum design, fostering supportive classroom environments and implementing comprehensive social support systems.

背景：在中国农村，辍学仍然是一个紧迫的问题。尽管越来越多的研究探索其成因，但对农村学生留校的保护因素和机制的了解仍然有限。本研究运用自我决定理论，探讨了中国农村学生社会支持（照顾者、同伴、学校和社区）、基本心理需求满足和辍学意愿四个维度之间的相互关系。方法：利用中部地区4所初中（N = 2187）的纵向调查数据，采用结构方程模型检验基本心理需求满意度在社会支持四个维度与辍学意向之间的中介作用。结果：通过中介分析发现，社会支持的四个维度与大学生基本心理需求满意度呈显著正相关，而大学生基本心理需求满意度与辍学意愿呈显著负相关。确定了基本心理需求满足的中介作用。启示：本研究强调了解决农村学生心理需求对提高留校率的重要性。它提倡将这些需要纳入课程设计，培养支持性课堂环境和实施全面的社会支持系统。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptation and Validation of the Chinese Health Activation Scale for School-Aged Children: A School-Based Tool for Health Promotion 中国学龄儿童健康激活量表的改编与验证：校本健康促进工具。

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Child Care Health and Development

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1111/cch.70194

Chunxia Liao, Chunguang Liang, Han Zeng, Chongbin Liu, Xiaopu Shi, Min Liu, Jiaqi He, Qiao Ying, Zizheng Jia

Aim

This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Health Activation Scale for Children (HAS-C) in Chinese elementary school populations.

Methods

The 12-item HAS-C was cross-culturally adapted into Chinese using Brislin's translation model. Psychometric validation was conducted with 588 urban schoolchildren in Huzhou, assessing content validity, construct validity via exploratory analysis and internal consistency reliability.

Results

Results demonstrated excellent content validity (scale-level content validity index [S-CVI/Ave] = 0.96; item-level content validity index [I-CVI] = 0.83–1.00), a robust three-factor structure accounting for 58.87% of the total variance (confirmatory factor analysis: comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.962, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.079) and strong reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.812 for the total scale; 0.734–0.839 for subscales).

Conclusions

As the first standardized instrument assessing health beliefs, behavioural confidence and intention for action in Chinese children, the HAS-C enables school nurses to identify early risks in health behaviours, design personalized interventions and provide benchmark data for evaluating national health policies.

目的：本研究旨在对儿童健康激活量表（HAS-C）在中国小学人群中的跨文化适应性进行验证。方法：采用布里斯林的翻译模型，对12个条目的《人文社评》进行跨文化翻译。对湖州市588名城市学龄儿童进行心理测量验证，通过探索性分析评估内容效度、结构效度和内部一致性信度。结果：结果具有良好的内容效度（量表水平的内容效度指数[S-CVI/Ave] = 0.96，项目水平的内容效度指数[I-CVI] = 0.83-1.00），具有稳健的三因素结构，占总方差的58.87%（验证性因子分析：比较拟合指数[CFI] = 0.962，近似均方根误差[RMSEA] = 0.079），具有较强的信度（总量表的Cronbach's α = 0.812，子量表的Cronbach's α = 0.734-0.839）。结论：作为评估中国儿童健康信念、行为信心和行动意愿的第一个标准化工具，HAS-C使学校护士能够识别健康行为的早期风险，设计个性化干预措施，并为评估国家卫生政策提供基准数据。

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引用次数: 0

Reframing Darkness: An Exploration of Happiness Among Children With Visual Impairments in Ghana 重构黑暗：加纳视觉障碍儿童的幸福探索。

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Child Care Health and Development

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1111/cch.70196

Sylvester Kyei-Gyamfi

Background

Limited research in Ghana explores the emotional well-being of children with visual impairments (CwVIs). Guided by the stigma theory (ST), this study investigated how factors such as social stigma, resources and support systems shape their happiness.

Methods

A convergent parallel mixed-method study design was used across seven districts in five regions, involving 288 CwVIs (58.3% male and 41.7% female participants). Quantitative surveys assessed levels of happiness, while qualitative focus group discussions, interviews and observations provided deeper insights. The mixed approach strengthened the credibility of the findings by connecting measurable patterns with the lived experiences of participants.

Results

Overall, 83.0% of participants reported being happy. Happiness was attributed to access to education, friendships, leisure and spirituality. Qualitative narratives revealed that peer support, faith and inclusive schooling fostered resilience, while unhappiness stemmed from stigma experienced at home and in communities, limited resources and career-related insecurities.

Conclusion

The study reveals that public, self and structural stigma strongly influence CwVIs' happiness. However, inclusive education and supportive home environments act as buffers that enhance their sense of belonging and emotional well-being. Findings highlight the need for parental sensitisation, teacher training, disability-friendly resources and public awareness campaigns. Strengthening support at home and school can empower CwVIs to develop resilience, confidence and broader life opportunities.

背景：加纳有限的研究探讨了视觉障碍儿童（CwVIs）的情感健康。在污名理论的指导下，本研究探讨了社会污名、资源和支持系统等因素如何塑造他们的幸福感。方法：采用融合平行混合方法研究设计，在5个地区的7个地区，涉及288名CwVIs（58.3%的男性和41.7%的女性）。定量调查评估幸福水平，而定性焦点小组讨论、访谈和观察提供了更深入的见解。混合方法通过将可测量的模式与参与者的生活经历联系起来，加强了研究结果的可信度。结果：总体而言，83.0%的参与者表示自己很快乐。幸福被归因于受教育的机会、友谊、休闲和精神。定性叙述显示，同伴支持、信仰和包容性学校教育培养了韧性，而不快乐源于家庭和社区的耻辱、有限的资源和与职业相关的不安全感。结论：本研究揭示了公共污名、自我污名和结构性污名对女大学生幸福感的影响。然而，全纳教育和支持性家庭环境起到缓冲作用，增强了他们的归属感和情感幸福感。调查结果强调，需要提高家长的认识、教师培训、残疾人友好资源和公众意识运动。加强对家庭和学校的支持可以增强残障儿童的适应力、信心和更广阔的生活机会。

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引用次数: 0

Building Your Best Day: Disseminating the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth via an Interactive Website 建立你最好的一天：通过互动网站传播加拿大儿童和青少年24小时运动指南

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Child Care Health and Development

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/cch.70186

Madelaine Gierc, Alexandra Walters, Emily M. Tennant, Mark S. Tremblay, Guy Faulkner, Amy Latimer-Cheung

<div> <section> <h3> Background</h3> <p>The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth (‘Guidelines’) were the world's first public health guidelines to integrate recommendations for physical activity, screen time/sedentary behaviour, and sleep. <i>Build Your Best Day!</i> (BYBD) is an interactive website developed as part of the Guidelines' knowledge translation strategy. Guided by Diffusion of Innovations Theory, the current study examined whether interacting with BYBD alters parents' and youths' perceptions of the Guidelines and increases their intentions for adoption.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Eleven parents (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 43 years, <i>SD</i> = 5; 45% male) and 17 youth (<i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 12 years, <i>SD</i> = 1; 53% male) participated in a mixed-methods, semi-structured interview. Research followed a single session pre-post design, with participants interviewed before and after interacting with BYBD. Items focused on perceptions of the Guidelines generally and on BYBD specifically. A concurrent think-aloud method was utilized to explore the process of visiting BYBD. <i>T</i>-tests and Cohen's effect sizes were used to examine pre-post changes and differences between parents and youth. Qualitative data were examined via content analysis.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Both youth and parents identified the Guidelines as a beneficial public health resource. Despite favourable intention ratings (parents: <i>M =</i> 5.6/7, SD = 1.1; youth: <i>M</i> = 6.4/7, SD = 1.1), participants discussed that they would be unlikely to adhere to the Guidelines on a regular basis with the primary barrier to adoption being a perceived lack of time. Parents' and youths' Guidelines ratings showed favourable changes following BYBD. For instance, youth reported that BYBD improved their understanding of the Guidelines (pre: <i>M</i> = 5.5/7, SD = 1.1; post: <i>M</i> = 6.4/7, SD = 0.9, <i>d</i> = 0.91, <i>p</i> < 0.007). Likewise, parents reported a higher perceived advantage post-BYBD (<i>M</i> = 6.3/7, SD = 0.7) relative to pre-BYBD (<i>M</i> = 5.9/7, SD = 0.9; <i>d</i> = 0.45, <i>p</i> < 0.007). Parents were sceptical of BYBD's effectiveness and attributed improved ratings to increased familiarity with the Guidelines rather than the website.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>Results suggest that the Guidelines are well-received by parents and youth and that BYBD may be an effective tool for improving youths' understanding. Future research may benefit from examining strategies t

加拿大儿童和青少年24小时运动指南（“指南”）是世界上第一个整合了身体活动、屏幕时间/久坐行为和睡眠建议的公共卫生指南。打造你最好的一天！（BYBD）是一个交互式网站，是指南知识翻译战略的一部分。在创新扩散理论的指导下，本研究考察了与BYBD的互动是否会改变家长和青少年对指南的看法，并增加他们采用指南的意图。方法11名家长（年龄43岁，SD = 5，男性占45%）和17名青少年（年龄12岁，SD = 1，男性占53%）采用混合半结构化访谈法。研究遵循单一的事前-事后设计，参与者在与BYBD互动之前和之后接受采访。项目侧重于对《指导方针》的总体看法，特别是对BYBD的看法。采用并发思考的方法来探索参观BYBD的过程。使用t检验和Cohen效应量来检验父母和青少年之间的前后变化和差异。定性数据通过内容分析进行检验。结果青少年和家长都认为《指南》是一种有益的公共卫生资源。尽管意向评分较高（父母：M = 5.6/7, SD = 1.1；青少年：M = 6.4/7, SD = 1.1），但参与者认为，他们不太可能定期遵守《指引》，收养的主要障碍是缺乏时间。“家长和青少年指南”评分在BYBD之后显示出良好的变化。例如，青少年报告说，BYBD提高了他们对指南的理解（前：M = 5.5/7, SD = 1.1；后：M = 6.4/7, SD = 0.9, d = 0.91, p < 0.007）。同样，父母报告的bybd后的感知优势（M = 6.3/7, SD = 0.7）相对于bybd前（M = 5.9/7, SD = 0.9; d = 0.45, p < 0.007）更高。家长们对BYBD的有效性持怀疑态度，并将评分的提高归因于对指导方针的熟悉程度提高，而不是网站。结果表明，该指南受到家长和青少年的欢迎，BYBD可能是提高青少年理解的有效工具。未来的研究可能会受益于检查策略，以提高个人对自己实现指南的能力的信心。

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引用次数: 0

Regional Disparities in Psychological Challenges Among Parents of Children With Cerebral Palsy in Pakistan: A Comparative Qualitative Study 巴基斯坦脑瘫儿童父母心理挑战的地区差异：一项比较定性研究

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Child Care Health and Development

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/cch.70193

Habib Ullah, Summiya Ahmad, Irshad Ahmad, Bilal Ahmad

Background

This comparative qualitative case study examined psychological challenges associated with parents of children who have cerebral palsy (CP) in Pakistan's provinces and sought to identify provincial differences driven by socioeconomic, cultural and healthcare conditions.

Method

A comparative qualitative case study approach was used to collect data through semi-structured interviews with a total of 40 parents, 10 from each province: Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). To uncover shared patterns and provincial contrasts, the collected data, through face-to-face interviews, was thematically analysed.

Results

Six key themes emerged including psychological impact on parents, daily caregiving challenges, effects on parental health and well-being, lack of social and family support, financial burden and coping and resilience. The caregivers in Baluchistan and KP provinces demonstrated a higher level of anxiety, depression and social isolation compared to those in Punjab and Sindh provinces. These differences give the impression of a close relation to limited healthcare accessibility, poor socioeconomic status and a higher level of cultural stigma in these less developed areas.

Conclusion

The study highlights the pressing need for tailored, region-specific solutions to tackle the distinct challenges caregivers face in these different provinces. Interventions should focus on expanding healthcare services, offering financial aid, challenging harmful societal attitudes, strengthening community networks and enacting fairer policies to support families caring for children with CP.

本比较定性案例研究调查了巴基斯坦各省脑瘫儿童（CP）父母的心理挑战，并试图确定由社会经济、文化和医疗条件驱动的省差异。方法采用比较定性案例研究方法，通过半结构化访谈收集数据，共采访了40名家长，每个省10名：旁遮普省、信德省、俾路支省和开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省（KP）。为了揭示共同的模式和各省的对比，通过面对面访谈收集的数据进行了主题分析。结果：对父母的心理影响、日常照顾挑战、对父母健康和福祉的影响、缺乏社会和家庭支持、经济负担、应对和恢复力等六个关键主题。与旁遮普省和信德省的护理人员相比，俾路支省和KP省的护理人员表现出更高的焦虑、抑郁和社会孤立程度。这些差异给人的印象是与这些欠发达地区有限的医疗保健可及性、较差的社会经济地位和较高程度的文化耻辱感密切相关。该研究强调，迫切需要针对不同省份的护理人员所面临的不同挑战，制定适合不同地区的解决方案。干预措施应侧重于扩大医疗保健服务、提供财政援助、挑战有害的社会态度、加强社区网络和制定更公平的政策来支持照顾CP儿童的家庭。

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引用次数: 0

Reasons Parents Sign Up Their Children for Swimming Lessons in Ghana 加纳父母为孩子报名参加游泳课的原因

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Child Care Health and Development

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/cch.70188

Austin Wontepaga Luguterah

Background

Swimming is recognized as a vital life skill with significant physical, emotional and developmental benefits for children. However, parental motivations for enrolling children in swimming lessons, particularly in Ghana, remain underexplored. This study investigates the primary motivations of Ghanaian parents and guardians for enrolling their children in swimming lessons, focusing on health, skill development, social influences and safety awareness.

Methods

An explanatory sequential mixed method design was employed by combining quantitative and qualitative data. The study unfolded in two distinct phases: First, 300 parents completed questionnaires about swimming enrollment motivations. Then, 20 interviews explained the quantitative findings, revealing both trends and underlying reasons. Participants included professionals and relatives of children aged 4–10 years.

Results

Quantitative data revealed that health-related motivations dominated, with 86.2% of parents citing health benefits, 89.6% disease prevention and 94.8% confidence-building as key reasons. Medical recommendations strongly influenced decisions (73.6%). However, only 9.1% recognized skill acquisition as a motivation, and 67.7% were uncertain. Qualitative findings highlighted gaps in water safety knowledge, with parents relying on pool guards for safety guidance. Social influence had mixed effects (43.8% agreement and 48.1% uncertainty). Interviews underscored swimming's role in motor development, social–emotional growth and weight management.

Conclusion

Although Ghanaian parents prioritize health and medical advice when enrolling children in swimming, awareness of skill development and drowning prevention remains limited. The study underscores the need for targeted educational campaigns to highlight swimming's holistic benefits and safety measures. Collaborative efforts between swimming institutions and health professionals could enhance parental understanding and participation.

游泳被认为是一项重要的生活技能，对儿童的身体、情感和发展都有显著的好处。然而，父母让孩子参加游泳课程的动机，特别是在加纳，仍未得到充分研究。本研究调查了加纳父母和监护人让孩子参加游泳课程的主要动机，重点是健康、技能发展、社会影响和安全意识。方法采用定量与定性相结合的解释序贯混合方法设计。这项研究分两个不同的阶段展开：首先，300名家长完成了关于参加游泳课程动机的问卷调查。然后，20个访谈解释了定量调查结果，揭示了趋势和潜在原因。参与者包括专业人士和4-10岁儿童的亲属。结果定量数据显示，与健康相关的动机占主导地位，86.2%的家长将健康利益、89.6%的疾病预防和94.8%的建立信任作为主要原因。医疗建议对决定有很大影响（73.6%）。然而，只有9.1%的人认为技能习得是一种动机，67.7%的人不确定。定性调查结果强调了水上安全知识的差距，家长依靠泳池警卫进行安全指导。社会影响是混合效应（43.8%同意，48.1%不确定）。采访强调了游泳在运动发育、社交情感成长和体重管理方面的作用。结论：尽管加纳家长在让孩子参加游泳时优先考虑健康和医疗建议，但对技能发展和溺水预防的认识仍然有限。这项研究强调了有针对性的教育活动的必要性，以强调游泳的整体效益和安全措施。游泳机构和卫生专业人员之间的合作努力可以提高家长的理解和参与。

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引用次数: 0

Mothers' Perspectives on Physical Activity Co-Participation With Young Children: Examining Thoughts and Racial Differences 母亲与幼儿共同参与体育活动的观点：检查思想和种族差异

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Child Care Health and Development

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/cch.70183

Kristen Cook, Deirdre Dlugonski, Linda E. May, Thomas D. Raedeke, Katrina D. DuBose

Background

While mothers have an important role in shaping their children's physical activity (PA) behaviours, their participation in PA with their young child is limited. This study aimed to understand mothers' perceptions of co-participation of PA (co-PA) with their young child and compared these perceptions between White and Black, Indigenous, and people of colour (BIPOC) mothers.

Methods

Thirty mothers (White: n = 14; BIPOC: n = 16) with a 2-to-5-year-old child were interviewed about their current co-PA interactions with their child. A thematic analysis approach was used to determine themes and subthemes for all mothers and by racial category.

Results

Co-PA was important within a technological society as it allowed for bonding time, educational opportunities and healthier lifestyles. Mothers' thoughts about co-PA before the activity were negative, but positive afterwards. A unique barrier was adapting to the child's age and mood. Mothers also noted the availability of places to be active as a barrier and facilitator. A novel theme discussed by the mothers was the social aspect that co-PA provided. A few differences in the importance of subthemes emerged between the racial categories. White mothers, more often described co-PA as providing learning opportunities, whereas BIPOC mothers often said co-PA allowed them to model that PA was important to do. Regarding co-PA barriers, White mothers noted distractions due to screens, whereas BIPOC mothers mentioned inadequate resources. Finally, regarding the social aspects of co-PA, more BIPOC mothers highlighted the importance of co-PA for motivating others to be active.

Conclusion

Overall, the perceptions regarding co-PA in this diverse group of mothers were similar; however, some key differences in the importance of co-PA existed between White and BIPOC mothers. Co-PA's social aspect and the differences between racial groups should be considered when aligning interventions to fit the needs and preferences of subgroups of mothers to improve co-PA.

虽然母亲在塑造孩子的体育活动（PA）行为方面发挥着重要作用，但她们与幼儿一起参与体育活动的程度有限。本研究旨在了解母亲对与幼儿共同参与育儿（co-PA）的看法，并比较了白人母亲和黑人母亲、土著母亲和有色人种母亲（BIPOC）的这些看法。方法对30名2- 5岁儿童的母亲（白人：n = 14; BIPOC: n = 16）进行访谈，了解她们目前与孩子的共同护理互动情况。采用主题分析方法确定所有母亲和种族类别的主题和次主题。结果Co-PA在技术社会中很重要，因为它可以提供联系时间，教育机会和更健康的生活方式。母亲在活动前对co-PA的看法是消极的，活动后是积极的。一个独特的障碍是适应孩子的年龄和情绪。母亲们还指出，有地方可以作为障碍和促进者积极发挥作用。母亲们讨论的一个新颖的主题是co-PA提供的社会方面。各种族类别之间在分主题的重要性方面出现了一些差异。白人母亲更常将共同护理描述为提供学习机会，而混血儿母亲则常说共同护理让她们树立了一个榜样，即护理很重要。关于共同护理障碍，白人母亲注意到屏幕造成的干扰，而BIPOC母亲则提到资源不足。最后，关于共同行动计划的社会方面，更多的BIPOC母亲强调共同行动计划对激励他人积极参与的重要性。结论：总体而言，这一不同群体的母亲对共同护理的看法是相似的；然而，在白人母亲和BIPOC母亲之间，co-PA的重要性存在一些关键差异。在调整干预措施以适应母亲亚群体的需求和偏好以改善共同护理时，应考虑共同护理的社会方面和种族群体之间的差异。

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引用次数: 0

Regulation or Education?: How Are Provision of Food and Mealtime Practices Represented in Australia's National Quality Standards for Early Education and Care 监管还是教育？：澳大利亚早期教育和护理的国家质量标准如何体现食物和用餐时间的做法

IF 2 4区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Child Care Health and Development

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/cch.70195

Bonnie Searle, Sandy Houen, Sally Staton, Karen Thorpe

Introduction

Nutrition is important for early childhood health and development. During this time, a large majority of children across developed nations attend Early Education and Care (ECEC) services.

Method

This study utilises Bacchi's What is the problem represented to be? (WPR) approach to analyse representations of food and mealtimes in Australia's National Quality Standard (NQS).

Results

Four problems are identified: (i) Children have suboptimal diets; (ii) children and families make unhealthy food choices; (iii) children lack nutrition knowledge; and (iv) childcare settings carry a high risk of food contamination.

Conclusion

Deep-seated presuppositions are identified as underlying the problems. These include the idea that food is risky and that children's good health is a personal responsibility to be reinforced by educators. Additionally, a deficit in parent nutrition knowledge is assumed and remediation through education is advocated. Implications for children, families and ECEC services are discussed and suggestions for alternative representations of the ‘problem’ as one of learning opportunity are presented.

营养对儿童早期健康和发育非常重要。在此期间，发达国家的大部分儿童都参加了早期教育和护理服务。方法本研究采用巴奇的《问题代表是什么？》（WPR）方法来分析澳大利亚国家质量标准（NQS）中食物和用餐时间的表征。结果发现了四个问题：(i)儿童饮食不理想；儿童和家庭选择不健康的食物；（三）儿童缺乏营养知识；（四）儿童保育场所存在食品污染的高风险。结论深层次的预设是问题的根源。这些观念包括食物有风险，儿童的健康是个人责任，教育工作者应加强这些观念。此外，假设父母营养知识不足，并主张通过教育来弥补。讨论了对儿童、家庭和ECEC服务的影响，并提出了将“问题”作为学习机会之一的替代表述的建议。

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引用次数: 0