In the digital age, bullying manifests in two distinct forms: traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Children's peer relationships are important predictors of bullying, and bullying in turn predicts peer relationships. However, few researchers have noted the bidirectional relationship between peer relationships and bullying.
Methods
The present study used a two-wave cross-lagged longitudinal design to fill this gap. The potential sex differences were also examined in this relationship. The sample consisted of 527 Chinese children aged 8 to 12 years (M = 9.69, SD = .96; 53.5% female). Participants completed peer nominations for peer acceptance, peer rejection and social dominance, as well as self-reports of traditional bullying and cyberbullying.
Results
Results showed that peer rejection at the first time point (T1) significantly and positively predicted traditional bullying perpetration, cyberbullying perpetration and cyberbullying victimization at the second time point (T2). Traditional bullying victimization at T1 significantly and negatively predicted peer acceptance and social dominance at T2. The results also revealed significant male and female differences. For instance, among boys, peer acceptance at T1 significantly and negatively predicted cyberbullying victimization at T2. In contrast, this relationship was not observed among girls. The present findings have important implications for understanding the cyclical relationship between peer relationships and bullying and providing practical guidance for improving peer relationships and reducing bullying.
{"title":"The bidirectional relationship between peer relationships and bullying: Evidence from cross-lagged analyses among Chinese children","authors":"Qing Li, Xiaowei Chu, Yuxin Yang, Yunzhen Jia","doi":"10.1111/cch.13302","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cch.13302","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the digital age, bullying manifests in two distinct forms: traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Children's peer relationships are important predictors of bullying, and bullying in turn predicts peer relationships. However, few researchers have noted the bidirectional relationship between peer relationships and bullying.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study used a two-wave cross-lagged longitudinal design to fill this gap. The potential sex differences were also examined in this relationship. The sample consisted of 527 Chinese children aged 8 to 12 years (<i>M</i> = 9.69, <i>SD</i> = .96; 53.5% female). Participants completed peer nominations for peer acceptance, peer rejection and social dominance, as well as self-reports of traditional bullying and cyberbullying.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results showed that peer rejection at the first time point (T1) significantly and positively predicted traditional bullying perpetration, cyberbullying perpetration and cyberbullying victimization at the second time point (T2). Traditional bullying victimization at T1 significantly and negatively predicted peer acceptance and social dominance at T2. The results also revealed significant male and female differences. For instance, among boys, peer acceptance at T1 significantly and negatively predicted cyberbullying victimization at T2. In contrast, this relationship was not observed among girls. The present findings have important implications for understanding the cyclical relationship between peer relationships and bullying and providing practical guidance for improving peer relationships and reducing bullying.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55262,"journal":{"name":"Child Care Health and Development","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark A. Ferro, Olayinka I. Arimoro, Olawale F. Ayilara, Gurkiran K. Dhuga, Laura Duncan, Tolulope T. Sajobi
Background
A substantial proportion of children have a physical illness; these children commonly experience physical–mental comorbidity. To assess child mental health, brief scales that can be used in clinical and research settings are needed. This study assessed the validity and reliability of parent-reported Ontario Child Health Study Emotional Behavioural Scale-Brief Version (OCHS-EBS-B) scores.
Methods
Data come from a longitudinal study of children aged 2–16 years with a physical illness recruited from outpatient clinics at a pediatric hospital. Confirmatory factor analysis and McDonald's coefficient assessed the factor structure and internal consistency reliability of the OCHS-EBS-B, respectively. Point biserial correlations assessed agreement between the OCHS-EBS-B and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID), a structured diagnostic interview. The Wilcoxon rank sum test compared OCHS-EBS-B scores between children with versus without physical–mental comorbidity (known-group validity).
Results
The three-factor structure of the OCHS-EBS-B was replicated in this sample of children with physical illness (χ2 = 196.23(272), p < 0.001; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.98; SRMR = 0.06; RMSEA [90% CI] = 0.034 [0.027, 0.044]). It had excellent internal consistency reliability (ω = 0.86–0.92) and was moderately correlated with the MINI-KID (baseline: rpb = 0.43–0.51; 6 months: rpb = 0.55–0.65). OCHS-EBS-B scores were significantly higher among children with versus without physical–mental comorbidity.
Conclusions
Findings confirm psychometric evidence that the OCHS-EBS-B is a valid and reliable measure of mental health in children with chronic physical illness. Its brevity and robust psychometric properties make the OCHS-EBS-B a strong candidate for routine use in integrated pediatric physical and mental health services.
{"title":"Validating the Ontario Child Health Study Emotional Behavioural Scales-Brief Version (OCHS-EBS-B) in children with chronic physical illness","authors":"Mark A. Ferro, Olayinka I. Arimoro, Olawale F. Ayilara, Gurkiran K. Dhuga, Laura Duncan, Tolulope T. Sajobi","doi":"10.1111/cch.13300","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cch.13300","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A substantial proportion of children have a physical illness; these children commonly experience physical–mental comorbidity. To assess child mental health, brief scales that can be used in clinical and research settings are needed. This study assessed the validity and reliability of parent-reported Ontario Child Health Study Emotional Behavioural Scale-Brief Version (OCHS-EBS-B) scores.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data come from a longitudinal study of children aged 2–16 years with a physical illness recruited from outpatient clinics at a pediatric hospital. Confirmatory factor analysis and McDonald's coefficient assessed the factor structure and internal consistency reliability of the OCHS-EBS-B, respectively. Point biserial correlations assessed agreement between the OCHS-EBS-B and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID), a structured diagnostic interview. The Wilcoxon rank sum test compared OCHS-EBS-B scores between children with versus without physical–mental comorbidity (known-group validity).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The three-factor structure of the OCHS-EBS-B was replicated in this sample of children with physical illness (χ<sup>2</sup> = 196.23(272), <i>p</i> < 0.001; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.98; SRMR = 0.06; RMSEA [90% CI] = 0.034 [0.027, 0.044]). It had excellent internal consistency reliability (ω = 0.86–0.92) and was moderately correlated with the MINI-KID (baseline: r<sub>pb</sub> = 0.43–0.51; 6 months: r<sub>pb</sub> = 0.55–0.65). OCHS-EBS-B scores were significantly higher among children with versus without physical–mental comorbidity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings confirm psychometric evidence that the OCHS-EBS-B is a valid and reliable measure of mental health in children with chronic physical illness. Its brevity and robust psychometric properties make the OCHS-EBS-B a strong candidate for routine use in integrated pediatric physical and mental health services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55262,"journal":{"name":"Child Care Health and Development","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cch.13300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taha Yassine Temlali, Jessica Lust, Sandra Klaperski-van der Wal, Bert Steenbergen
Background
A large proportion of adolescents with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are physically inactive. Physical literacy has been described as an important determinant in promoting health behaviours. The potential of exergames to improve physical literacy and activity has been recognized in typically developing children. The aim of the present scoping review was to identify and map the available evidence of this potential for adolescents with DCD.
Methods
A scoping review was performed via a literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ERIC and CINHAIL.
Results
From 2860 search records, six studies (two studies in DCD and four studies in cerebral palsy [CP]) assessed physical activity, 12 studies discussed exergame features and 16 studies assessed physical literacy domains. In DCD, one study showed positive effects of exergaming on physical activity and the other failed to show any significant effects of exergaming. In CP, all four studies demonstrated positive effects of exergaming on energy expenditure and daily physical activity. Furthermore, positive effects of exergames on the different physical literacy domains were shown, namely motor competence, self-concept and affect, motivation and social/experiential. Finally, exergame features including multiplayer modes, realism, game rewards, challenges and enjoyment were shown to have a significant effect on motivating and encouraging adolescents to exert more effort while playing.
Conclusion
Based on the positive effects of exergaming on physical activity in other populations, more in-depth research in adolescents with DCD is warranted such that the decline in physical activity behaviour that is present in individuals with DCD can be counteracted. Physical literacy should be regarded as an important determinant in this regard.
{"title":"The effectiveness of exergames in improving physical activity behaviour and physical literacy domains in adolescents with developmental coordination disorder and cerebral palsy: A scoping review","authors":"Taha Yassine Temlali, Jessica Lust, Sandra Klaperski-van der Wal, Bert Steenbergen","doi":"10.1111/cch.13293","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cch.13293","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A large proportion of adolescents with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are physically inactive. Physical literacy has been described as an important determinant in promoting health behaviours. The potential of exergames to improve physical literacy and activity has been recognized in typically developing children. The aim of the present scoping review was to identify and map the available evidence of this potential for adolescents with DCD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A scoping review was performed via a literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ERIC and CINHAIL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 2860 search records, six studies (two studies in DCD and four studies in cerebral palsy [CP]) assessed physical activity, 12 studies discussed exergame features and 16 studies assessed physical literacy domains. In DCD, one study showed positive effects of exergaming on physical activity and the other failed to show any significant effects of exergaming. In CP, all four studies demonstrated positive effects of exergaming on energy expenditure and daily physical activity. Furthermore, positive effects of exergames on the different physical literacy domains were shown, namely motor competence, self-concept and affect, motivation and social/experiential. Finally, exergame features including multiplayer modes, realism, game rewards, challenges and enjoyment were shown to have a significant effect on motivating and encouraging adolescents to exert more effort while playing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on the positive effects of exergaming on physical activity in other populations, more in-depth research in adolescents with DCD is warranted such that the decline in physical activity behaviour that is present in individuals with DCD can be counteracted. Physical literacy should be regarded as an important determinant in this regard.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55262,"journal":{"name":"Child Care Health and Development","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cch.13293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div> <section> <h3> Introduction</h3> <p>This study examines the health problems and healthcare needs of refugee and asylum-seeker children and aims to develop strategies for improvement.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Based on quantitative data from 448 refugee and asylum-seeker children and 222 non-refugee local children, this study was conducted at Düzce University, Department of Paediatrics, between 2010 and 2021. The refugee children originated from three countries: Iraq (<i>n</i> = 304), Syria (<i>n</i> = 101) and Afghanistan (<i>n</i> = 43). The data were analysed using the SPSS data analysis program. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Düzce Üniversity.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The results suggest that refugee and asylum-seeker children have significantly higher rates of acute illness or infection, malnutrition (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and anaemia (<i>p</i> < 0.001) than local children as a result of living in overcrowded families (<i>p</i> = 0.017) and unhealthy conditions. Adolescent pregnancy (<i>p</i> = 0.049) emerges as an important social problem as a result of child marriage among refugee children, mostly in the form of consanguineous marriages (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The rate of having at least two adolescent pregnancies (under 18) was highest among Syrian refugee girls (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Although refugee and asylum-seeker children have higher rates of health insurance (between 74% and 95%), they have lower rates of insurance compared to local children. This research also compares the data from three nationalities, including Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq children; Iraqi and Afghan children under the international protection (IP) system with limited social support and rights had worse health conditions compared to other groups. Although Iraqi children had the highest rates of health insurance on admission (<i>p</i> < 0.001), they also had higher rates of chronic diseases (<i>p</i> = 0.001), infections (<i>p</i> = 0.004), allergic rhinitis (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and malnutrition (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The youngest age of admission (<i>p</i> = 0.006) and the shortest length of stay (<i>p</i> = 0.004) were for Afghan children who also had higher rates of upper respiratory infections (<i>p</i> = 0.021).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Conclusions</h3> <p>This study highlights the urgent need for improved screening programmes and the importance of collaborative efforts to address the specific health needs of these populations. Addressing the health status of child refugees is a complex and multifaceted task that requires the active participation of healthcare profess
{"title":"Refugee and asylum-seeker children and health problems in the city of Duzce, Türkiye","authors":"Hatice Mine Cakmak, Kenan Kocabay, Ramazan Cahit Temizkan, Sevim Turay, Sukriye Ozde, Fatih Kurt, Nadide Melike Sav, Muferet Erguven, Emel Coşkun","doi":"10.1111/cch.13295","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cch.13295","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines the health problems and healthcare needs of refugee and asylum-seeker children and aims to develop strategies for improvement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on quantitative data from 448 refugee and asylum-seeker children and 222 non-refugee local children, this study was conducted at Düzce University, Department of Paediatrics, between 2010 and 2021. The refugee children originated from three countries: Iraq (<i>n</i> = 304), Syria (<i>n</i> = 101) and Afghanistan (<i>n</i> = 43). The data were analysed using the SPSS data analysis program. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Düzce Üniversity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results suggest that refugee and asylum-seeker children have significantly higher rates of acute illness or infection, malnutrition (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and anaemia (<i>p</i> < 0.001) than local children as a result of living in overcrowded families (<i>p</i> = 0.017) and unhealthy conditions. Adolescent pregnancy (<i>p</i> = 0.049) emerges as an important social problem as a result of child marriage among refugee children, mostly in the form of consanguineous marriages (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The rate of having at least two adolescent pregnancies (under 18) was highest among Syrian refugee girls (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Although refugee and asylum-seeker children have higher rates of health insurance (between 74% and 95%), they have lower rates of insurance compared to local children. This research also compares the data from three nationalities, including Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq children; Iraqi and Afghan children under the international protection (IP) system with limited social support and rights had worse health conditions compared to other groups. Although Iraqi children had the highest rates of health insurance on admission (<i>p</i> < 0.001), they also had higher rates of chronic diseases (<i>p</i> = 0.001), infections (<i>p</i> = 0.004), allergic rhinitis (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and malnutrition (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The youngest age of admission (<i>p</i> = 0.006) and the shortest length of stay (<i>p</i> = 0.004) were for Afghan children who also had higher rates of upper respiratory infections (<i>p</i> = 0.021).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the urgent need for improved screening programmes and the importance of collaborative efforts to address the specific health needs of these populations. Addressing the health status of child refugees is a complex and multifaceted task that requires the active participation of healthcare profess","PeriodicalId":55262,"journal":{"name":"Child Care Health and Development","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica Russell, Victoria Barber, Elaine Chan, Kate Khair, Garry Rendle, Jo Wray
Background
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children and young people (CYP) can result in multiple health outcomes; however, adherence to NIV can be challenging. Suboptimally treated SDB may increase the risk of adverse consequences. Placing children's and parents' goals at the core of their SDB treatment may support adherence to NIV. To identify these health outcomes, it is necessary to gain a greater understanding of CYP's experiences of using NIV, whether they perceive any benefits from NIV use, as well as the outcomes that their parents and NIV staff identify as important.
Methods
Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with nine CYP (aged 4–16 + years), 13 parents and nine healthcare professionals (HCPs); verbatim transcripts were analysed using Framework Analysis.
Results
CYP predominantly reported an improvement in levels of energy, focus and ability to concentrate whereas parents also identified outcomes of mood and behaviour. The majority of children showed understanding of the reasons for being prescribed NIV. A subset of children did not notice their SDB. The health outcomes identified by HCPs and parents that could result from improved overnight gas exchange are subjective measures that rely on parent and child report. Measuring these health outcomes focussed on the impact of improved sleep rather than measuring improved sleep itself.
Conclusions
It is important for HCPs administering NIV to ascertain whether CYP have noticed any of their sleep-disordered breathing symptoms and any improvements from using NIV, including the relationship between benefits and side effects. Focussing on promoting understanding for CYP who are unable to link their wellbeing to their previous night's sleep may be futile and HCP strategies should concentrate on the process of tolerating the device. Parents, CYP and HCPs should collaborate to identify treatment goals specifically tailored for the child and monitor any progress against these goals.
{"title":"What are the experiences of non-invasive ventilation for sleep-disordered breathing in children and young people and what outcomes matter? Perspectives of children and young people, their parents and the staff who care for them","authors":"Jessica Russell, Victoria Barber, Elaine Chan, Kate Khair, Garry Rendle, Jo Wray","doi":"10.1111/cch.13292","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cch.13292","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children and young people (CYP) can result in multiple health outcomes; however, adherence to NIV can be challenging. Suboptimally treated SDB may increase the risk of adverse consequences. Placing children's and parents' goals at the core of their SDB treatment may support adherence to NIV. To identify these health outcomes, it is necessary to gain a greater understanding of CYP's experiences of using NIV, whether they perceive any benefits from NIV use, as well as the outcomes that their parents and NIV staff identify as important.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with nine CYP (aged 4–16 + years), 13 parents and nine healthcare professionals (HCPs); verbatim transcripts were analysed using Framework Analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CYP predominantly reported an improvement in levels of energy, focus and ability to concentrate whereas parents also identified outcomes of mood and behaviour. The majority of children showed understanding of the reasons for being prescribed NIV. A subset of children did not notice their SDB. The health outcomes identified by HCPs and parents that could result from improved overnight gas exchange are subjective measures that rely on parent and child report. Measuring these health outcomes focussed on the impact of improved sleep rather than measuring improved sleep itself.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is important for HCPs administering NIV to ascertain whether CYP have noticed any of their sleep-disordered breathing symptoms and any improvements from using NIV, including the relationship between benefits and side effects. Focussing on promoting understanding for CYP who are unable to link their wellbeing to their previous night's sleep may be futile and HCP strategies should concentrate on the process of tolerating the device. Parents, CYP and HCPs should collaborate to identify treatment goals specifically tailored for the child and monitor any progress against these goals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55262,"journal":{"name":"Child Care Health and Development","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rare diseases encompass a diverse group of debilitating and sometimes life-threatening conditions that affect a small percentage of the population, posing a significant public health challenge. Despite their rarity, around 70% of these diseases afflict children, yet limited research has focused on their experiences. This study aimed to gain insights into the day-to-day challenges children living with rare diseases face.
Methods
We conducted semistructured one-to-one interviews with 11 children and young people (7–16 years) diagnosed with a range of rare diseases, purposively sampled from a tertiary pediatric healthcare setting in Ireland. We analyzed the interview transcripts, and themes were devised inductively.
Results
Two themes were identified: “Knowledge and Understanding of Rare Diseases” and “Fitting in Versus Feeling Different.” These themes emerged across various settings—the home, hospital, school, and social environments—to illustrate the impact of rare diseases on the participants' daily lives. A conceptual framework was developed to illustrate how the children's knowledge, experiences, and emotions shape their identity in a rare disease context.
Conclusions
Our analysis revealed a complex interplay between the participants' sense of belonging and their awareness of being different, influenced by the manifestations and demands of their rare conditions or illnesses. This duality in their identity was most pronounced in social settings, where the participants felt the most significant impact of their rare diseases. Understanding this interplay sheds light on the unique social challenges children with rare medical conditions face. Raising awareness about these conditions could mitigate these children's social challenges, fostering a more inclusive society for those with rare diseases.
{"title":"A qualitative exploration of children's lives with rare diseases","authors":"Niamh Buckle, Yvonne Rogers, Doris O'Toole, Sandra McNulty, Thilo Kroll, Lisa Gibbs, Suja Somanadhan","doi":"10.1111/cch.13294","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cch.13294","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rare diseases encompass a diverse group of debilitating and sometimes life-threatening conditions that affect a small percentage of the population, posing a significant public health challenge. Despite their rarity, around 70% of these diseases afflict children, yet limited research has focused on their experiences. This study aimed to gain insights into the day-to-day challenges children living with rare diseases face.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted semistructured one-to-one interviews with 11 children and young people (7–16 years) diagnosed with a range of rare diseases, purposively sampled from a tertiary pediatric healthcare setting in Ireland. We analyzed the interview transcripts, and themes were devised inductively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two themes were identified: “Knowledge and Understanding of Rare Diseases” and “Fitting in Versus Feeling Different.” These themes emerged across various settings—the home, hospital, school, and social environments—to illustrate the impact of rare diseases on the participants' daily lives. A conceptual framework was developed to illustrate how the children's knowledge, experiences, and emotions shape their identity in a rare disease context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analysis revealed a complex interplay between the participants' sense of belonging and their awareness of being different, influenced by the manifestations and demands of their rare conditions or illnesses. This duality in their identity was most pronounced in social settings, where the participants felt the most significant impact of their rare diseases. Understanding this interplay sheds light on the unique social challenges children with rare medical conditions face. Raising awareness about these conditions could mitigate these children's social challenges, fostering a more inclusive society for those with rare diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55262,"journal":{"name":"Child Care Health and Development","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cch.13294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epidemiological and nutritional modifications are causing an increase in stunting in many low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), which will eventually result in juvenile diseases and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the influential factors contributing to stunting among under-five children in Cambodia.
Methods
A secondary dataset consisting of 3268 under-five children was extracted from the latest Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS)-2021/2022 dataset. The Chi-square test and Boruta algorithm were used for covariate selection, and logistic regression approaches were used to determine the influence of demographic, socioeconomic and other factors on the presence of stunting.
Results
Findings revealed that about 21% of under-five children were stunted, and the prevalence of stunting was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The prevalence of child stunting was lower in families with highly educated parents. A child whose father had a secondary education had 0.71 times lower (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.520–0.969) chance of stunting than a child whose father had no education. Findings revealed that Ratnak Kiri, Mondul Kiri, Stung Treng, Pursat and Kampot had a greater prevalence of stunting than other places, ranging from 27.11% to 35.70%, whereas Banteay Meanchey, Phnom Penh and Kandal had the lowest rates, ranging from 12.80% to 16.00%. Results of the Boruta algorithm and logistic regression suggested that under-five stunting is significantly influenced by factors such as the child's age, size at birth, mother's age at first birth, mother's body mass index (BMI), father's educational status, cooking fuel, and wealth index.
Conclusions
It is necessary to take initiatives for reducing the prevalence of stunted children prioritising the identified factors that ultimately help to reduce the burden of child health. The authors believed that the findings of this study will be helpful for policymakers in designing the appropriate policies and actions to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by reducing stunting among under-five children in Cambodia.
{"title":"Determinants of stunting among under-five children: Evidence from Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey 2021–2022","authors":"Imran Hossain Sumon, Suchana Akter, Md. Sazzad Hossan Sujon, Muhammad Khairul Alam, Sabina Yasmin, Sabina Yeasmin, Mohammad Alamgir Kabir, Md. Moyazzem Hossain","doi":"10.1111/cch.13291","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cch.13291","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Epidemiological and nutritional modifications are causing an increase in stunting in many low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), which will eventually result in juvenile diseases and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the influential factors contributing to stunting among under-five children in Cambodia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A secondary dataset consisting of 3268 under-five children was extracted from the latest Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS)-2021/2022 dataset. The Chi-square test and Boruta algorithm were used for covariate selection, and logistic regression approaches were used to determine the influence of demographic, socioeconomic and other factors on the presence of stunting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings revealed that about 21% of under-five children were stunted, and the prevalence of stunting was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The prevalence of child stunting was lower in families with highly educated parents. A child whose father had a secondary education had 0.71 times lower (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.520–0.969) chance of stunting than a child whose father had no education. Findings revealed that Ratnak Kiri, Mondul Kiri, Stung Treng, Pursat and Kampot had a greater prevalence of stunting than other places, ranging from 27.11% to 35.70%, whereas Banteay Meanchey, Phnom Penh and Kandal had the lowest rates, ranging from 12.80% to 16.00%. Results of the Boruta algorithm and logistic regression suggested that under-five stunting is significantly influenced by factors such as the child's age, size at birth, mother's age at first birth, mother's body mass index (BMI), father's educational status, cooking fuel, and wealth index.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is necessary to take initiatives for reducing the prevalence of stunted children prioritising the identified factors that ultimately help to reduce the burden of child health. The authors believed that the findings of this study will be helpful for policymakers in designing the appropriate policies and actions to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by reducing stunting among under-five children in Cambodia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55262,"journal":{"name":"Child Care Health and Development","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The daily physical activity (PA) patterns of children and adolescents are intricate and ambiguous, with varying effects on myopia resulting from different combinations of PA. This study aims to scrutinize the spectrum of PA patterns among children and adolescents and assess their impact on myopia.
Methods
Data sourced from the 2014 National Student Physical Fitness Survey (Tianjin segment) encompassed PA records and visual acuity measurements of participants. Latent Class Analysis and a generalized linear model were employed to investigate the relationship between PA categories and visual acuity across different educational stages.
Results
The study comprised 6465 primary and middle school students, among whom 50.13% were male. PA patterns were categorized into high (27.16%), medium (29.88%) and low visual acuity regulation groups (13.97%) and the nonmainstream group (28.99%). Following adjustments for sex, age, region and BMI, the medium visual acuity regulation group exhibited a lower risk of myopia (OR = 0.617, 95% CI = 0.424–0.897, p = 0.012; OR = 0.654, 95% CI = 0.438–0.976, p = 0.038) compared to the nonmainstream group among junior and senior middle school students.
Conclusion
The efficacy of diverse PA patterns in mitigating myopia risk varies across educational stages and is influenced by sex-specific factors. It is imperative to advance myopia management strategies by emphasizing tailored PA interventions, discerning between PA patterns and delivering timely guidance and interventions tailored to distinct educational stages and sexes.
背景：儿童和青少年的日常体力活动（PA）模式错综复杂、模棱两可，不同的体力活动组合对近视的影响也不尽相同。本研究旨在仔细研究儿童和青少年的体力活动模式，并评估其对近视的影响：方法：数据来源于2014年全国学生体质健康调研（天津片段），包括参与者的PA记录和视力测量。采用潜类分析法和广义线性模型来研究不同教育阶段中PA类别与视力之间的关系：研究对象包括 6465 名中小学生，其中 50.13% 为男性。PA模式分为高视力调节组（27.16%）、中视力调节组（29.88%）、低视力调节组（13.97%）和非主流组（28.99%）。在对性别、年龄、地区和体重指数进行调整后，与非主流组相比，中等视力调节组的初中生和高中生患近视的风险较低（OR = 0.617，95% CI = 0.424-0.897，p = 0.012；OR = 0.654，95% CI = 0.438-0.976，p = 0.038）：结论：在不同的教育阶段，不同的体育锻炼方式在降低近视风险方面的效果各不相同，并且受到性别特异性因素的影响。当务之急是推进近视管理策略，强调有针对性的体育锻炼干预，区分不同的体育锻炼模式，并针对不同的教育阶段和性别提供及时的指导和干预。
{"title":"Effects of physical activity patterns on myopia among children and adolescents: A latent class analysis","authors":"Yin Li, Chang Xu, Zhonghui Liu, Zhiyi Qu, Wei Xi, Xin Zhang, Lei Gao","doi":"10.1111/cch.13296","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cch.13296","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The daily physical activity (PA) patterns of children and adolescents are intricate and ambiguous, with varying effects on myopia resulting from different combinations of PA. This study aims to scrutinize the spectrum of PA patterns among children and adolescents and assess their impact on myopia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data sourced from the 2014 National Student Physical Fitness Survey (Tianjin segment) encompassed PA records and visual acuity measurements of participants. Latent Class Analysis and a generalized linear model were employed to investigate the relationship between PA categories and visual acuity across different educational stages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study comprised 6465 primary and middle school students, among whom 50.13% were male. PA patterns were categorized into high (27.16%), medium (29.88%) and low visual acuity regulation groups (13.97%) and the nonmainstream group (28.99%). Following adjustments for sex, age, region and BMI, the medium visual acuity regulation group exhibited a lower risk of myopia (OR = 0.617, 95% CI = 0.424–0.897, <i>p</i> = 0.012; OR = 0.654, 95% CI = 0.438–0.976, <i>p</i> = 0.038) compared to the nonmainstream group among junior and senior middle school students.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The efficacy of diverse PA patterns in mitigating myopia risk varies across educational stages and is influenced by sex-specific factors. It is imperative to advance myopia management strategies by emphasizing tailored PA interventions, discerning between PA patterns and delivering timely guidance and interventions tailored to distinct educational stages and sexes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55262,"journal":{"name":"Child Care Health and Development","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study's aim is to determine the relationship between care burden, perceived social support, coping attitudes and life satisfaction of mothers with children with cerebral palsy (CP).
Methods
This descriptive study was conducted in Turkey between March and June 2022 to determine the relationship between caregiving burden, perceived social support, coping attitudes and life satisfaction of 122 mothers with CP children. Path analysis was used to evaluate the data.
Results
Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between mothers' social support perceptions and life satisfaction and coping attitudes, a positive relationship between their life satisfaction and coping attitudes (p < .001). The path analysis showed that the social support perceived by the mothers significantly affected their coping attitudes (β = .257; p < .001) and life satisfaction (β = .081; p < .001). Mothers' care burden (β = .169; p < .001) and coping attitudes (β = .071; p < .05) also had a significant effect on their life satisfaction.
Conclusions
It is an important finding of this study that mothers' perceptions of social support and coping attitudes have a positive effect on their life satisfaction. Long-term care can cause physical and psychological problems for mothers. Mothers' strong coping strategies and high levels of social support may reduce the occurrence of these problems. Drawing attention to this issue in mothers and revealing the effects of these variables is important in terms of indirectly supporting child outcomes.
{"title":"Care burden, perceived social support, coping attitudes and life satisfaction of mothers with children with cerebral palsy","authors":"Semiha Dertli, Aydan Selen Aydin (Yilmaz), Ulviye Gunay","doi":"10.1111/cch.13297","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cch.13297","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study's aim is to determine the relationship between care burden, perceived social support, coping attitudes and life satisfaction of mothers with children with cerebral palsy (CP).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This descriptive study was conducted in Turkey between March and June 2022 to determine the relationship between caregiving burden, perceived social support, coping attitudes and life satisfaction of 122 mothers with CP children. Path analysis was used to evaluate the data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between mothers' social support perceptions and life satisfaction and coping attitudes, a positive relationship between their life satisfaction and coping attitudes (<i>p</i> < .001). The path analysis showed that the social support perceived by the mothers significantly affected their coping attitudes (<i>β</i> = .257; <i>p</i> < .001) and life satisfaction (<i>β</i> = .081; <i>p</i> < .001). Mothers' care burden (<i>β</i> = .169; <i>p</i> < .001) and coping attitudes (<i>β</i> = .071; <i>p</i> < .05) also had a significant effect on their life satisfaction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is an important finding of this study that mothers' perceptions of social support and coping attitudes have a positive effect on their life satisfaction. Long-term care can cause physical and psychological problems for mothers. Mothers' strong coping strategies and high levels of social support may reduce the occurrence of these problems. Drawing attention to this issue in mothers and revealing the effects of these variables is important in terms of indirectly supporting child outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55262,"journal":{"name":"Child Care Health and Development","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on capacity building for health promotion in primary schools from the perspectives of primary school teachers.
Methods
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted via an anonymous online survey between February and May 2022. Three-quarters (n2460) of all schools in the Republic of Ireland were invited to participate. Demographics such as gender, teaching experience, school type and delivering equality of opportunity in schools (DEIS) designation were collected. Perceived capacity for health promotion was measured on a 10-point Likert scale. Facilitators and barriers related to health promotion and aspects of child health prioritised for health promotion in the 2 years after restrictions eased were explored via closed- and open-ended questions.
Results
Of the 595 responses, 493 were eligible for analysis. Participants were based in schools in every county in the Republic of Ireland, with most (85.4%, n421) being female. Almost a third (30.5%, n150) were 11–20 years post-qualification, and a quarter (25.2%, n124) had over 30 years' teaching experience. Mean capacity for school-based health promotion pre-pandemic was moderate, at 6.6 ± 2.2 on a 10-point scale. Mean capacity in spring 2022 decreased significantly (p < 0.001) to 4.1 ± 2.4, indicating poor capacity. Capacity ratings did not significantly differ by school type (p = 0.31), socioeconomic designation (p = 0.27) or years post-qualification (p = 0.08). Capacity decrements were most frequently (49.7%, n245) attributed to organisational factors, while individual and community-level factors were cited by 27.6% (n136) and 21.5% (n106) of respondents, respectively. Healthy eating significantly (p < 0.001) decreased as a priority for health promotion between pre-pandemic times (76.3%, n376) and spring 2022 (23.1%, n114). Mental health significantly (p < 0.01) increased as a priority, being listed by 38.1% (n188) as a priority pre-pandemic and doubling to 72.6% (n358) in spring 2022.
Conclusions
Fostering a holistic approach to health promotion in schools remains a challenge. Further efforts are needed to support schools to implement sustainable and balanced systems of health promotion.
{"title":"Perspectives of primary school teachers on the capacity of schools to support post-pandemic health needs emerging among school-age children","authors":"Annemarie E. Bennett","doi":"10.1111/cch.13285","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cch.13285","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on capacity building for health promotion in primary schools from the perspectives of primary school teachers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted via an anonymous online survey between February and May 2022. Three-quarters (<i>n</i>2460) of all schools in the Republic of Ireland were invited to participate. Demographics such as gender, teaching experience, school type and delivering equality of opportunity in schools (DEIS) designation were collected. Perceived capacity for health promotion was measured on a 10-point Likert scale. Facilitators and barriers related to health promotion and aspects of child health prioritised for health promotion in the 2 years after restrictions eased were explored via closed- and open-ended questions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 595 responses, 493 were eligible for analysis. Participants were based in schools in every county in the Republic of Ireland, with most (85.4%, <i>n</i>421) being female. Almost a third (30.5%, <i>n</i>150) were 11–20 years post-qualification, and a quarter (25.2%, <i>n</i>124) had over 30 years' teaching experience. Mean capacity for school-based health promotion pre-pandemic was moderate, at 6.6 ± 2.2 on a 10-point scale. Mean capacity in spring 2022 decreased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) to 4.1 ± 2.4, indicating poor capacity. Capacity ratings did not significantly differ by school type (<i>p</i> = 0.31), socioeconomic designation (<i>p</i> = 0.27) or years post-qualification (<i>p</i> = 0.08). Capacity decrements were most frequently (49.7%, <i>n</i>245) attributed to organisational factors, while individual and community-level factors were cited by 27.6% (<i>n</i>136) and 21.5% (<i>n</i>106) of respondents, respectively. Healthy eating significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) decreased as a priority for health promotion between pre-pandemic times (76.3%, <i>n</i>376) and spring 2022 (23.1%, <i>n</i>114). Mental health significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) increased as a priority, being listed by 38.1% (<i>n</i>188) as a priority pre-pandemic and doubling to 72.6% (<i>n</i>358) in spring 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fostering a holistic approach to health promotion in schools remains a challenge. Further efforts are needed to support schools to implement sustainable and balanced systems of health promotion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55262,"journal":{"name":"Child Care Health and Development","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cch.13285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141318988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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