Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/CPE.2018.124995
U. Olsińska
Validation results of a theoretical model that describes the formation of bromate during ozonation of bromide-containing natural waters are presented. An axial dispersion model integrating the non-ideal mixing, mass-transfer and a kinetic model that links ozone decomposition reactions from the Tomiyasu, Fukutomi and Gordon ozone decay model with direct and indirect bromide oxidation reactions, oxidation of natural organic matter and reactions of dissolved organics and aqueous bromine was verified. The model was successfully validated with results obtained both at a laboratory and a full scale. Its applicability to different water supply systems was approved.
{"title":"Numerical modelling of ozonation process with respect to bromate formation. Part II – Model validation","authors":"U. Olsińska","doi":"10.24425/CPE.2018.124995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/CPE.2018.124995","url":null,"abstract":"Validation results of a theoretical model that describes the formation of bromate during ozonation of bromide-containing natural waters are presented. An axial dispersion model integrating the non-ideal mixing, mass-transfer and a kinetic model that links ozone decomposition reactions from the Tomiyasu, Fukutomi and Gordon ozone decay model with direct and indirect bromide oxidation reactions, oxidation of natural organic matter and reactions of dissolved organics and aqueous bromine was verified. The model was successfully validated with results obtained both at a laboratory and a full scale. Its applicability to different water supply systems was approved.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68947309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/CPE.2020.132537
Monika Jałowiecka, Ł. Makowski
Every change in the bottle geometry as well as every change of physical and rheological properties poses a risk of excessive gas entrainment during a filling process. To maintain satisfactory filling efficiency there is a need to optimise this process with respect to all adverse phenomena which affect the fluid flow, such as spluttering on the bottom, air caverns formation and air entrainment with incoming liquid. This paper comprises numerical simulations of two filling methods. The first method involves dosing with a pipe placed over the free liquid surface of a fully filled bottle. The second method covers filling with a pipe located near the bottom. Moreover, the influence of rheological properties and surface tension values is considered. The comprehensive analysis of amount of entrained air represented by air volume fraction in dispensed liquid let the authors define the influence of filling speed on the mechanism and amount of entrapped air.
{"title":"Computational fluid dynamics modelling of short timebottle filling process","authors":"Monika Jałowiecka, Ł. Makowski","doi":"10.24425/CPE.2020.132537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/CPE.2020.132537","url":null,"abstract":"Every change in the bottle geometry as well as every change of physical and rheological properties poses a risk of excessive gas entrainment during a filling process. To maintain satisfactory filling efficiency there is a need to optimise this process with respect to all adverse phenomena which affect the fluid flow, such as spluttering on the bottom, air caverns formation and air entrainment with incoming liquid. This paper comprises numerical simulations of two filling methods. The first method involves dosing with a pipe placed over the free liquid surface of a fully filled bottle. The second method covers filling with a pipe located near the bottom. Moreover, the influence of rheological properties and surface tension values is considered. The comprehensive analysis of amount of entrained air represented by air volume fraction in dispensed liquid let the authors define the influence of filling speed on the mechanism and amount of entrapped air.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68947787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2021.138930
Most antiseptic agents are intended for use on intact skin, e.g. for hand hygiene or skin preparation before any medical procedure. This paper presents multiple emulsion-based antiseptic agents as formulations for application to body surfaces with modified release rates. Multiple emulsions with a co-encapsulated antiseptic (phenyl salicylate – salol) and an agent preventing microorganism growth (benzoic acid) were formed in a Couette–Taylor flow apparatus. Results confirmed the possibility of the release kinetics modification while two compounds were encapsulated in the internal droplets of emulsions to control the release rates and time of the dose release. The addition of benzoic acid as a second active compound of the encapsulation process in the internal phase of double O1/W/O2 emulsion reduced the time necessary for the total release of salol triggering a two-step release.
{"title":"Multiple emulsions for simultaneous active agents delivery in a skin topical application","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/cpe.2021.138930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/cpe.2021.138930","url":null,"abstract":"Most antiseptic agents are intended for use on intact skin, e.g. for hand hygiene or skin preparation before any medical procedure. This paper presents multiple emulsion-based antiseptic agents as formulations for application to body surfaces with modified release rates. Multiple emulsions with a co-encapsulated antiseptic (phenyl salicylate – salol) and an agent preventing microorganism growth (benzoic acid) were formed in a Couette–Taylor flow apparatus. Results confirmed the possibility of the release kinetics modification while two compounds were encapsulated in the internal droplets of emulsions to control the release rates and time of the dose release. The addition of benzoic acid as a second active compound of the encapsulation process in the internal phase of double O1/W/O2 emulsion reduced the time necessary for the total release of salol triggering a two-step release.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"344 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2018.124973
Jerzy Bałdyga, Magdalena Jasińska, Magdalena Dzięgielewska, Monika Żochowska
The measured rate of release of intercellular protein from yeast cells by ultrasonication was applied for evaluating the effects of sonication reactor geometry on cell disruption rate and for validation of the simulation method. Disintegration of two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been investigated experimentally using a batch sonication reactor equipped with a horn type sonicator and an ultrasonic processor operating at the ultrasound frequency of 20 kHz. The results have shown that the rate of release of protein is directly proportional to the frequency of the emitter surface and the square of the amplitude of oscillations and strongly depends on the sonication reactor geometry. The model based on the Helmholtz equation has been used to predict spatial distribution of acoustic pressure in the sonication reactor. Effects of suspension volume, horn tip position, vessel diameter and amplitude of ultrasound waves on the spatial distribution of pressure amplitude have been simulated. A strong correlation between the rate of protein release and the magnitude of acoustic pressure and its spatial distribution has been observed. This shows that modeling of acoustic pressure is useful for optimization of sonication reactor geometry.
{"title":"Effect of sonication reactor geometry on cell disruption and protein release from yeast cells","authors":"Jerzy Bałdyga, Magdalena Jasińska, Magdalena Dzięgielewska, Monika Żochowska","doi":"10.24425/cpe.2018.124973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/cpe.2018.124973","url":null,"abstract":"The measured rate of release of intercellular protein from yeast cells by ultrasonication was applied for evaluating the effects of sonication reactor geometry on cell disruption rate and for validation of the simulation method. Disintegration of two strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been investigated experimentally using a batch sonication reactor equipped with a horn type sonicator and an ultrasonic processor operating at the ultrasound frequency of 20 kHz. The results have shown that the rate of release of protein is directly proportional to the frequency of the emitter surface and the square of the amplitude of oscillations and strongly depends on the sonication reactor geometry. The model based on the Helmholtz equation has been used to predict spatial distribution of acoustic pressure in the sonication reactor. Effects of suspension volume, horn tip position, vessel diameter and amplitude of ultrasound waves on the spatial distribution of pressure amplitude have been simulated. A strong correlation between the rate of protein release and the magnitude of acoustic pressure and its spatial distribution has been observed. This shows that modeling of acoustic pressure is useful for optimization of sonication reactor geometry.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"135 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135678761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2019.126104
Helical coil heat exchangers are widely used in a variety of industry applications such as refrigeration systems, process plants and heat recovery. In this study, the effect of Reynolds number and the operating temperature on heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop for laminar flow conditions was investigated. Experiments were carried out in a shell and tube heat exchanger with a copper coiled pipe (4 mm ID, length of 1.7 m and coil pitch of 7.5 mm) in the temperature range from 243 to 273 K. Air – propan-2-ol vapor mixture and coolant (methylsilicone oil) flowed inside and around the coil, respectively. The fluid flow in the shell-side was kept constant, while in the coil it was varied from 6.6 to 26.6 m/s (the Reynolds number below the critical value of 7600). Results showed that the helical pipe provided higher heat transfer performance than a straight pipe with the same dimensions. The convective coefficients were determined using the Wilson method. The values for the coiled pipe were in the range of 3–40 W/m2·K. They increased with increasing the gas flow rate and decreasing the coolant temperature.
{"title":"Heat transfer in helical coil heat exchanger: An experimental parametric study","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/cpe.2019.126104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/cpe.2019.126104","url":null,"abstract":"Helical coil heat exchangers are widely used in a variety of industry applications such as refrigeration systems, process plants and heat recovery. In this study, the effect of Reynolds number and the operating temperature on heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop for laminar flow conditions was investigated. Experiments were carried out in a shell and tube heat exchanger with a copper coiled pipe (4 mm ID, length of 1.7 m and coil pitch of 7.5 mm) in the temperature range from 243 to 273 K. Air – propan-2-ol vapor mixture and coolant (methylsilicone oil) flowed inside and around the coil, respectively. The fluid flow in the shell-side was kept constant, while in the coil it was varied from 6.6 to 26.6 m/s (the Reynolds number below the critical value of 7600). Results showed that the helical pipe provided higher heat transfer performance than a straight pipe with the same dimensions. The convective coefficients were determined using the Wilson method. The values for the coiled pipe were in the range of 3–40 W/m2·K. They increased with increasing the gas flow rate and decreasing the coolant temperature.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"275 2‐3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135678920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2021.138926
The homogeneity of an immiscible liquid–liquid system was investigated in a baffled vessel agitated by a Rushton turbine. The dispersion homogeneity was analyzed by comparing Sauter mean diameters and drop size distribution (DSD) determined in different measured regions for various impeller speeds. The sizes of droplets were obtained by the in-situ measurement technique and by the Image Analysis (IA) method. Dispersion kinetics was successfully fitted with Hong and Lee (1983) model. The effect of intermittency turbulence on drop size reported by Bałdyga and Podgórska (1998) was analyzed and the multifractal exponent 𝛼 𝐹𝑇 was evaluated.
{"title":"The homogeneity of immiscible liquid–liquid dispersion in a vessel agitated by Rushton turbine","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/cpe.2021.138926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/cpe.2021.138926","url":null,"abstract":"The homogeneity of an immiscible liquid–liquid system was investigated in a baffled vessel agitated by a Rushton turbine. The dispersion homogeneity was analyzed by comparing Sauter mean diameters and drop size distribution (DSD) determined in different measured regions for various impeller speeds. The sizes of droplets were obtained by the in-situ measurement technique and by the Image Analysis (IA) method. Dispersion kinetics was successfully fitted with Hong and Lee (1983) model. The effect of intermittency turbulence on drop size reported by Bałdyga and Podgórska (1998) was analyzed and the multifractal exponent 𝛼 𝐹𝑇 was evaluated.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"220 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/CPE.2019.126108
G. Binczak, R. Pohorecki, W. Moniuk, Cezary Możeński
Twenty-eight two-, three-, four-, and five-component amine mixtures have been evaluated as possible activators of CO2 absorption into aqueous carbonate/bicarbonate solutions. Measurements were performed using a pressure autoclave with a sparger at conditions close to industrial ones. On the basis of these results, a formula for a new, more efficient amine activator named INS13 was developed. The activator was tested both in a pilot plant and on an industrial scale in an ammonia plant producing 300 tons/day of ammonia. Activator INS13 was applied in a number of ammonia plants in Poland and abroad.
{"title":"Amine activators of CO2 absorption in industrial conditions","authors":"G. Binczak, R. Pohorecki, W. Moniuk, Cezary Możeński","doi":"10.24425/CPE.2019.126108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/CPE.2019.126108","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-eight two-, three-, four-, and five-component amine mixtures have been evaluated as possible activators of CO2 absorption into aqueous carbonate/bicarbonate solutions. Measurements were performed using a pressure autoclave with a sparger at conditions close to industrial ones. On the basis of these results, a formula for a new, more efficient amine activator named INS13 was developed. The activator was tested both in a pilot plant and on an industrial scale in an ammonia plant producing 300 tons/day of ammonia. Activator INS13 was applied in a number of ammonia plants in Poland and abroad.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68947009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/CPE.2019.126100
S. V. Battalov, M. Trubyanov, Egor S. Puzanov, T. Sazanova, P. Drozdov, I. Vorotyntsev
The paper presents the experimentalstudy of a novel unsteady-statemembrane gas separation approach for recovery of a slow-permeant component in the membrane module with periodical retentate withdrawals. The case study consisted in the separation of binary test mixtures based on the fast-permeant main component (N 2 O, C 2 H 2 ) and the slow-permeant impurity (1% vol. of N 2 ) using a radial countercurrent membrane module. The novel semi-batch withdrawal technique was shown to intensify the separation process and provide up to 40% increase in separation efficiency compared to a steady-state operation of the same productivity.
{"title":"Membrane gas separation module with pulsed retentate for low-permeable component recovery","authors":"S. V. Battalov, M. Trubyanov, Egor S. Puzanov, T. Sazanova, P. Drozdov, I. Vorotyntsev","doi":"10.24425/CPE.2019.126100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/CPE.2019.126100","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the experimentalstudy of a novel unsteady-statemembrane gas separation approach for recovery of a slow-permeant component in the membrane module with periodical retentate withdrawals. The case study consisted in the separation of binary test mixtures based on the fast-permeant main component (N 2 O, C 2 H 2 ) and the slow-permeant impurity (1% vol. of N 2 ) using a radial countercurrent membrane module. The novel semi-batch withdrawal technique was shown to intensify the separation process and provide up to 40% increase in separation efficiency compared to a steady-state operation of the same productivity.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68947347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2021.138932
Lupieri, Guido, Bagkeris, Ioannis, Janssen, Jo J.M, Kowalski, Adam J.
The work concerns numerical simulations of a cone mill used for emulsion preparation. Hydrodynam-ics, power consumption and population balance are investigated for various operating conditions at high phase volume emulsions and for different rheologies. Cone mills are usually simplified as a simple gap between rotor and stator but by increasing the complexity of the geometry till it represents the commercial device identifies a wealth of additional features such as recirculation zones above (which enhance breakage) and below (which allow for coalescence) the rotor-stator gap. Two separate sets of population balance modelling constants are required to capture all the experiment results – even with the most complex geometries. Some suggestions are made for improvements and further studies will consider other rotor-stator devices.
{"title":"Numerical study of a cone mill for emulsion preparation: Hydrodynamics and population balance modelling","authors":"Lupieri, Guido, Bagkeris, Ioannis, Janssen, Jo J.M, Kowalski, Adam J.","doi":"10.24425/cpe.2021.138932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/cpe.2021.138932","url":null,"abstract":"The work concerns numerical simulations of a cone mill used for emulsion preparation. Hydrodynam-ics, power consumption and population balance are investigated for various operating conditions at high phase volume emulsions and for different rheologies. Cone mills are usually simplified as a simple gap between rotor and stator but by increasing the complexity of the geometry till it represents the commercial device identifies a wealth of additional features such as recirculation zones above (which enhance breakage) and below (which allow for coalescence) the rotor-stator gap. Two separate sets of population balance modelling constants are required to capture all the experiment results – even with the most complex geometries. Some suggestions are made for improvements and further studies will consider other rotor-stator devices.","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135544595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.142277
{"title":"Biomimetic scaffolds based on chitosan in bone regeneration. A review","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/cpe.2022.142277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/cpe.2022.142277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55267,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Process Engineering-Inzynieria Chemiczna I Procesowa","volume":"15 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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