The present study describes the morphology and ultrastructure of the oocysts of a new species of the genus Nematopsis infecting different organs of the surf clam Spisula solida (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mollusca, Bivalvia) on the Portuguese Atlantic coast. Each oocyst (14.3 ± 0.2 µm long, and 10.3 ± 0.3 µm wide) contains a single uninucleate vermiform sporozoite. Single and grouped oocysts enveloped by a parasitophorous vacuole occur enclosed within host phagocytes externally, surrounded by a complex reticular ring-like structure formed by juxtaposed and parallel cysterns containing numerous small electron dense masses regularly distributed in their lumen. More advanced stages of infection show phagocytic degradation characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolarization and rupture of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. Morphological and ultrastructural observations combined with host reaction specificity supports the erection of a new species, namely Nematopsis spisula sp. nov.
{"title":"Morphological and ultrastructural description of <i>Nematopsis spisula</i> sp. nov. (Apicomplexa) inhabiting <i>Spisula solida</i> (Bivalvia) on the Portuguese Atlantic coast","authors":"Carlos Azevedo, Sónia Rocha, Graça Casal","doi":"10.5343/bms.2023.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2023.0030","url":null,"abstract":"The present study describes the morphology and ultrastructure of the oocysts of a new species of the genus Nematopsis infecting different organs of the surf clam Spisula solida (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mollusca, Bivalvia) on the Portuguese Atlantic coast. Each oocyst (14.3 ± 0.2 µm long, and 10.3 ± 0.3 µm wide) contains a single uninucleate vermiform sporozoite. Single and grouped oocysts enveloped by a parasitophorous vacuole occur enclosed within host phagocytes externally, surrounded by a complex reticular ring-like structure formed by juxtaposed and parallel cysterns containing numerous small electron dense masses regularly distributed in their lumen. More advanced stages of infection show phagocytic degradation characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolarization and rupture of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. Morphological and ultrastructural observations combined with host reaction specificity supports the erection of a new species, namely Nematopsis spisula sp. nov.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135105676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea is a successful invasive organism, due to high tolerance of different environmental conditions. So far, some single local or global factor experiments have been conducted to assess the effect on the ecophysiology of Cassiopea, but information about combined factor effects is scarce. Therefore, we performed a 42-d manipulation experiment exposing Cassiopea sp. to a local (organic eutrophication) and global factor (warming) simultaneously, i.e., four different dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations [3 (Control), 10 (Low), 20 (Medium) and 40 (High) mg L−1)], followed by a stepwise water temperature increase from 26 to 32 °C, in which we assessed four ecophysiological parameters: respiration, net photosynthesis, gross photosynthesis, and pumping rate. Our results show a steep increase in respiration and simultaneous decline in gross photosynthesis in response to Medium and High DOC enrichment causing medusae in the respective treatments to become net heterotrophic over time. This was accompanied by increases in pumping rates, likely to optimize gas exchange and potentially increase nutrient availability by advection of nutrients trapped in underlying sediments. No effect of warming was found for any of the assessed parameters. The observed transition from auto- to heterotrophy under high DOC concentrations together with thermal tolerance of Cassiopea sp. aids to understand the current invasive success of members of the genus Cassiopea as nonnative organisms and may shed light on the future of Cassiopea sp. as potential native invaders.
由于对不同环境条件的高耐受性，倒置水母是一种成功的入侵生物。迄今为止，对仙桃生态生理影响的单一局部或整体因子试验已经开展，但综合因子效应的研究较少。因此，我们进行了一项为期42天的操作实验，将Cassiopea sp.同时暴露于局部(有机富营养化)和全球因子(变暖)中，即四种不同的溶解有机碳(DOC)浓度[3(对照)，10(低)，20(中)和40(高)mg L - 1)]，然后逐步将水温从26°C升高到32°C，其中我们评估了四个生态生理参数:呼吸，净光合作用，总光合作用和泵速。我们的研究结果表明，随着时间的推移，在中等和高DOC浓度下，水母的呼吸急剧增加，同时总光合作用下降，导致各自处理下的水母成为净异养。这伴随着泵送速率的增加，可能会优化气体交换，并可能通过捕获在下面的沉积物中的营养物质的平流增加营养物质的可用性。没有发现变暖对任何评估参数的影响。观察到在高DOC浓度下仙后座从自噬到异食的转变，以及仙后座的耐热性，有助于了解仙后座属成员作为外来生物的入侵成功现状，并可能为仙后座作为潜在的本土入侵者的未来提供启示。
{"title":"Invasive upside-down jellyfish tolerate organic eutrophication and warming","authors":"A. Tilstra, Y. El-Khaled, S. Meier, C. Wild","doi":"10.5343/bms.2021.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0051","url":null,"abstract":"The upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea is a successful invasive organism, due to high tolerance of different environmental conditions. So far, some single local or global factor experiments have been conducted to assess the effect on the ecophysiology of Cassiopea, but information about combined factor effects is scarce. Therefore, we performed a 42-d manipulation experiment exposing Cassiopea sp. to a local (organic eutrophication) and global factor (warming) simultaneously, i.e., four different dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations [3 (Control), 10 (Low), 20 (Medium) and 40 (High) mg L−1)], followed by a stepwise water temperature increase from 26 to 32 °C, in which we assessed four ecophysiological parameters: respiration, net photosynthesis, gross photosynthesis, and pumping rate. Our results show a steep increase in respiration and simultaneous decline in gross photosynthesis in response to Medium and High DOC enrichment causing medusae in the respective treatments to become net heterotrophic over time. This was accompanied by increases in pumping rates, likely to optimize gas exchange and potentially increase nutrient availability by advection of nutrients trapped in underlying sediments. No effect of warming was found for any of the assessed parameters. The observed transition from auto- to heterotrophy under high DOC concentrations together with thermal tolerance of Cassiopea sp. aids to understand the current invasive success of members of the genus Cassiopea as nonnative organisms and may shed light on the future of Cassiopea sp. as potential native invaders.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current south Florida ecosystem restoration efforts are focused on restoring more natural freshwater flow through the wetlands and into the estuaries to reestablish natural salinity gradients, particularly in the nearshore zones. Indicator taxa are used to monitor and assess restoration progress and the current suite of biota used for the estuaries in south Florida (Biscayne Bay, Florida Bay, and the southwest mangrove riverine system) does not include mollusks. Mollusks make excellent indicators because they are found in all south Florida environments, are relatively stationary in postlarval stages, and, therefore, do not leave a site when conditions change. Their hard shells increase the likelihood of preservation after death, thus, making it possible to assess death assemblages. In addition to these features, many mollusks can be quickly sampled in the field and assessed in the lab, so poor visibility and tidal cycles are not an issue for monitoring surveys. Here we examine 27 years of molluscan data from 887 samples from 640 visits to 167 sites in south Florida’s estuaries and present a suite of taxa that could be used as indicators for restoration of the oligohaline to mesohaline (0.5 to 17.9 psu) nearshore zones. Cyrenoida floridana, Hydrobiidae, Polymesoda caroliniana, Crassostrea virginica, and additional taxa are included with suggested sampling strategies.
{"title":"Using mollusks as indicators of restoration in nearshore zones of south Florida’s estuaries","authors":"G. Wingard, B. Stackhouse, Andre M. Daniels","doi":"10.5343/bms.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Current south Florida ecosystem restoration efforts are focused on restoring more natural freshwater flow through the wetlands and into the estuaries to reestablish natural salinity gradients, particularly in the nearshore zones. Indicator taxa are used to monitor and assess restoration progress and the current suite of biota used for the estuaries in south Florida (Biscayne Bay, Florida Bay, and the southwest mangrove riverine system) does not include mollusks. Mollusks make excellent indicators because they are found in all south Florida environments, are relatively stationary in postlarval stages, and, therefore, do not leave a site when conditions change. Their hard shells increase the likelihood of preservation after death, thus, making it possible to assess death assemblages. In addition to these features, many mollusks can be quickly sampled in the field and assessed in the lab, so poor visibility and tidal cycles are not an issue for monitoring surveys. Here we examine 27 years of molluscan data from 887 samples from 640 visits to 167 sites in south Florida’s estuaries and present a suite of taxa that could be used as indicators for restoration of the oligohaline to mesohaline (0.5 to 17.9 psu) nearshore zones. Cyrenoida floridana, Hydrobiidae, Polymesoda caroliniana, Crassostrea virginica, and additional taxa are included with suggested sampling strategies.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70884187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Herbig, Jack C. Olson, Jessica A. Keller, L. Grove, C. Shea, A. Acosta
Herbivorous reef fishes control algal growth and are critical for maintaining reef health. Grazing effects vary due to community composition, so a diverse herbivore community is important for preventing phase shifts from coral to algal-dominated reefs. However, herbivore communities and grazing effects vary spatially, resulting in non-uniform distribution of algal mitigation across the seascape. Therefore, understanding how habitat influences herbivore communities is essential for predicting the spatial distribution of these species’ ecological services. This study used underwater visual surveys (n = 5455) to examine how habitat influences spatial patterns of herbivorous fish densities and species richness in the Florida Keys and Dry Tortugas, Florida. Herbivorous fishes were ubiquitous, and communities were dominated by small herbivores such as damselfishes (Pomacentridae), gobies (Gobiidae), surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae), and small– to medium–bodied parrotfishes (subfamily Scarinae). A suite of factors influenced herbivorous fish communities but boosted regression tree results showed that habitat relief, depth, and spatial location within the Florida Keys and Dry Tortugas were the most important factors. In general, herbivore occurrence, density, and species richness increased as percent of low relief hardbottom habitat (<0.2 m high) decreased. In addition, density and occurrence of herbivores generally increased at shallower depths. Spatial location influenced the density of herbivores with potential hotspots predominantly located in the Upper Keys and the Dry Tortugas Bank. These data provide a valuable understanding of the spatial distribution of herbivorous reef fishes, and aid management decisions regarding the protection and sustainability of herbivore resources and the ecosystems that rely on them.
{"title":"Distribution and abundance of herbivorous reef fishes on a barrier reef system in the Florida Keys and Dry Tortugas, Florida","authors":"J. Herbig, Jack C. Olson, Jessica A. Keller, L. Grove, C. Shea, A. Acosta","doi":"10.5343/bms.2022.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2022.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Herbivorous reef fishes control algal growth and are critical for maintaining reef health. Grazing effects vary due to community composition, so a diverse herbivore community is important for preventing phase shifts from coral to algal-dominated reefs. However, herbivore communities and grazing effects vary spatially, resulting in non-uniform distribution of algal mitigation across the seascape. Therefore, understanding how habitat influences herbivore communities is essential for predicting the spatial distribution of these species’ ecological services. This study used underwater visual surveys (n = 5455) to examine how habitat influences spatial patterns of herbivorous fish densities and species richness in the Florida Keys and Dry Tortugas, Florida. Herbivorous fishes were ubiquitous, and communities were dominated by small herbivores such as damselfishes (Pomacentridae), gobies (Gobiidae), surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae), and small– to medium–bodied parrotfishes (subfamily Scarinae). A suite of factors influenced herbivorous fish communities but boosted regression tree results showed that habitat relief, depth, and spatial location within the Florida Keys and Dry Tortugas were the most important factors. In general, herbivore occurrence, density, and species richness increased as percent of low relief hardbottom habitat (<0.2 m high) decreased. In addition, density and occurrence of herbivores generally increased at shallower depths. Spatial location influenced the density of herbivores with potential hotspots predominantly located in the Upper Keys and the Dry Tortugas Bank. These data provide a valuable understanding of the spatial distribution of herbivorous reef fishes, and aid management decisions regarding the protection and sustainability of herbivore resources and the ecosystems that rely on them.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70884328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Espinosa-Magaña, P. Briones‐Fourzán, A. Jeffs, E. Lozano‐Álvarez
Spiny lobsters have a lengthy larval phase that develops in oceanic waters, followed by a nonfeeding, transparent postlarva (puerulus) that actively swims towards the coast to settle in shallow habitats. After settling, the transparent puerulus (TP) forms a new pigmented exoskeleton (pigmented puerulus, PP) and molts after 3–4 wks into the first juvenile instar (J1), which resumes feeding. Because the swim to the coast and the postsettlement molt are energetically demanding, the nutritional condition of pueruli and J1 is likely to vary with settlement location and over time, potentially playing a crucial role in the recruitment to the benthic population. We examined variation in total lipid and total protein content, as well as in lipid classes, size, and a condition index, in TP, PP, and J1 of Panulirus argus. Samples were obtained from pueruli collectors at two locations of the Mexican Caribbean coast about 150 km from each other in the four seasons of three consecutive years. Our results show a decrease in the total lipid (mainly phospholipid) and total protein content during the TP-PP-JI transition, and a high degree of temporal variability in the size and nutritional condition of pueruli settling at both locations. Despite this variability, all settlers exhibited a relatively consistent high nutritional status in comparison with other spiny lobster species. This may be related to a short onshore transport period of pueruli to this coast, suggesting that limitation of lipid reserves is unlikely to affect their subsequent survival and recruitment to the benthic population.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal variability in postsettlement energy reserves of the Caribbean spiny lobster","authors":"A. Espinosa-Magaña, P. Briones‐Fourzán, A. Jeffs, E. Lozano‐Álvarez","doi":"10.5343/bms.2021.0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0053","url":null,"abstract":"Spiny lobsters have a lengthy larval phase that develops in oceanic waters, followed by a nonfeeding, transparent postlarva (puerulus) that actively swims towards the coast to settle in shallow habitats. After settling, the transparent puerulus (TP) forms a new pigmented exoskeleton (pigmented puerulus, PP) and molts after 3–4 wks into the first juvenile instar (J1), which resumes feeding. Because the swim to the coast and the postsettlement molt are energetically demanding, the nutritional condition of pueruli and J1 is likely to vary with settlement location and over time, potentially playing a crucial role in the recruitment to the benthic population. We examined variation in total lipid and total protein content, as well as in lipid classes, size, and a condition index, in TP, PP, and J1 of Panulirus argus. Samples were obtained from pueruli collectors at two locations of the Mexican Caribbean coast about 150 km from each other in the four seasons of three consecutive years. Our results show a decrease in the total lipid (mainly phospholipid) and total protein content during the TP-PP-JI transition, and a high degree of temporal variability in the size and nutritional condition of pueruli settling at both locations. Despite this variability, all settlers exhibited a relatively consistent high nutritional status in comparison with other spiny lobster species. This may be related to a short onshore transport period of pueruli to this coast, suggesting that limitation of lipid reserves is unlikely to affect their subsequent survival and recruitment to the benthic population.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70884414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The abundance and species composition of the macrofauna inhabiting adjacent beds of the seagrass Halodule wrightii and the attached macroalga Caulerpa prolifera were compared seasonally from eight sites sampled within the Indian River Lagoon, Florida during 1987–1988. At each site, sampling employed a benthic corer, an epifaunal sampler, a dipnet, and fish traps to examine utilization patterns of different components of the fauna. Abundance of animals in both habitats was both high and similar. Epifaunal invertebrate densities averaged over 16,000 m−2 from H. wrightii and over 20,300 m−2 from C. prolifera. Despite a few species-compositional differences, there was no consistent difference in either the abundance or number of species of the macrofauna of C. prolifera versus H. wrightii for any sampling method except fish traps. Fish were significantly more abundant, but not more species rich, in H. wrightii. We conclude that C. prolifera offers habitat for many small invertebrates comparable to that of seagrass, making C. prolifera beds a valuable biological resource. While C. prolifera habitat may not support all the ecosystem services of seagrass beds and is not currently protected in Florida, it as a potential vegetated habitat refugium and may warrant management and protection practices similar to those for seagrass beds.
1987-1988年，对美国佛罗里达州印第安河泻湖8个取样点的大型动物群落的丰度和种类组成进行了季节性比较。在每个地点，采用底栖生物覆盖层、脚底取样器、浸入器和捕鱼器进行取样，以检查动物群不同组成部分的利用模式。这两个栖息地的动物丰度都很高，而且相似。脚底无脊椎动物密度平均超过16000 m - 2的是赖特氏棘猴，超过20300 m - 2的是增殖棘猴。除捕鱼法外，两种取样方法的大型区系丰度和物种数量均无一致性差异。鱼类数量显著增加，但物种数量没有增加。我们认为，藻床为许多小型无脊椎动物提供了与海草相当的栖息地，是一种宝贵的生物资源。虽然增殖藻栖息地可能不支持海草床的所有生态系统服务，并且目前在佛罗里达州没有受到保护，但它作为一个潜在的植被栖息地避难所，可能需要类似于海草床的管理和保护措施。
{"title":"Benthic macrofaunal habitat use of the alga Caulerpa prolifera compared to the seagrass Halodule wrightii","authors":"W. Nelson, R. Virnstein, M. Barkaszi","doi":"10.5343/bms.2021.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0023","url":null,"abstract":"The abundance and species composition of the macrofauna inhabiting adjacent beds of the seagrass Halodule wrightii and the attached macroalga Caulerpa prolifera were compared seasonally from eight sites sampled within the Indian River Lagoon, Florida during 1987–1988. At each site, sampling employed a benthic corer, an epifaunal sampler, a dipnet, and fish traps to examine utilization patterns of different components of the fauna. Abundance of animals in both habitats was both high and similar. Epifaunal invertebrate densities averaged over 16,000 m−2 from H. wrightii and over 20,300 m−2 from C. prolifera. Despite a few species-compositional differences, there was no consistent difference in either the abundance or number of species of the macrofauna of C. prolifera versus H. wrightii for any sampling method except fish traps. Fish were significantly more abundant, but not more species rich, in H. wrightii. We conclude that C. prolifera offers habitat for many small invertebrates comparable to that of seagrass, making C. prolifera beds a valuable biological resource. While C. prolifera habitat may not support all the ecosystem services of seagrass beds and is not currently protected in Florida, it as a potential vegetated habitat refugium and may warrant management and protection practices similar to those for seagrass beds.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ohshimo, Yuko Hiraoaka, S. Suyama, T. Tsuji, Ryuji Yukami, T. Yasuda, Y. Ando
We analyzed stable isotope ratios, fatty acid, and lipid components of chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, to evaluate their applicability as chemical biomarkers. Chub mackerel were collected in the East China Sea, the Sea of Japan, and the Pacific Ocean, with body sizes ranging from 51 to 388 mm. The total fatty acid and lipid contents (mg g−1) increased with growth, and the percent composition of fatty acids and lipids changed drastically. The percentages of docosahexaenoic acid (%DHA), stearic acid (%Ste), and arachidonic acid (%ARA) decreased and the percentage of oleic acid (%Ole) increased when the body length (fork length) was about 250 mm. The amounts of triacylglycerols (TAG) in fish in the East China Sea were lower than in the Sea of Japan and Pacific Ocean. The percentage of TAG drastically increased at around 250 mm FL, however, the phosphatidylcholines (PC) drastically decreased. The ontogenetic differences in the fatty acid and lipid composition might be influenced by metabolic events such as growth and reproduction. The geographical differences in chub mackerel can be distinguished by using stable isotope ratios, the ω3:ω6 fatty acid and DHA:EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) ratios, and six main fatty acids. These chemical biomarkers could be available for understanding habitat and migration of chub mackerel.
{"title":"Geographical differences in stable isotope ratios and fatty acid and lipid signatures of chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, in waters around Japan","authors":"S. Ohshimo, Yuko Hiraoaka, S. Suyama, T. Tsuji, Ryuji Yukami, T. Yasuda, Y. Ando","doi":"10.5343/bms.2021.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0043","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed stable isotope ratios, fatty acid, and lipid components of chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, to evaluate their applicability as chemical biomarkers. Chub mackerel were collected in the East China Sea, the Sea of Japan, and the Pacific Ocean, with body sizes ranging from 51 to 388 mm. The total fatty acid and lipid contents (mg g−1) increased with growth, and the percent composition of fatty acids and lipids changed drastically. The percentages of docosahexaenoic acid (%DHA), stearic acid (%Ste), and arachidonic acid (%ARA) decreased and the percentage of oleic acid (%Ole) increased when the body length (fork length) was about 250 mm. The amounts of triacylglycerols (TAG) in fish in the East China Sea were lower than in the Sea of Japan and Pacific Ocean. The percentage of TAG drastically increased at around 250 mm FL, however, the phosphatidylcholines (PC) drastically decreased. The ontogenetic differences in the fatty acid and lipid composition might be influenced by metabolic events such as growth and reproduction. The geographical differences in chub mackerel can be distinguished by using stable isotope ratios, the ω3:ω6 fatty acid and DHA:EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) ratios, and six main fatty acids. These chemical biomarkers could be available for understanding habitat and migration of chub mackerel.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cyclopoid copepod family Herpyllobiidae includes highly transformed mesoparasitic copepods infecting benthic polychaetes. Herpyllobius Steenstrup and Lütken, 1861 is the most diverse genus of the family and currently contains 20 species. The egg-carrying ectosoma of these copepods can be more or less easily detected on the host external surface. Members of Herpyllobius exclusively parasitize polynoid polychaete hosts, including the type species. The study of an iphionid polychaete collected in New Guinea allowed us to find two ovigerous female herpyllobiids belonging to an undescribed species of Herpyllobius (which are here described as a new species, Herpyllobius piotrowskiae n. sp.) that differs from its known congeners in the shape of the endosoma and ectosoma, the structure and number of epigenital processes, and the structure of egg sacs. The known host range of Herpyllobius is thus expanded to the Iphionidae. After Herpyllobius nipponicus Lützen, 1964, the new species is the second member of this cold-temperate genus to be reported from subtropical waters. The placement of H. nipponicus and H. piotrowskiae n. sp. in the currently used species groups within Herpyllobius is discussed, as well as the possible reasons explaining the absence of males and the identity of the iphionid host.
圆足类桡足科包括高度转化的中寄生桡足类感染底栖多毛类。Herpyllobius Steenstrup and l tken, 1861是该科中最多样化的属，目前包含20种。这些桡足类动物携带卵的外体细胞在寄主的外表面或多或少容易被发现。Herpyllobius的成员专门寄生于多毛纲寄主，包括模式种。对在新几内亚采集到的一种多毛鱼的研究使我们发现了两种属于未被描述的Herpyllobius(在这里被描述为一个新种，Herpyllobius piotrowskiae n. sp.)的雌性Herpyllobius，它们在内体细胞和外体细胞的形状、表观过程的结构和数量以及卵囊的结构上不同于其已知的同族物种。因此，已知的Herpyllobius寄主范围扩大到Iphionidae。该新种是继1964年的Herpyllobius nipponicus l (tzen)之后，在亚热带海域发现的第二种。本文讨论了H. nipponicus和H. piotrowskiae n. sp.在Herpyllobius中目前使用的种群中的位置，以及解释雄性缺失和iphionid寄主身份的可能原因。
{"title":"Herpyllobius piotrowskiae n. sp., a mesoparasitic copepod (Multicrustacea: Copepoda: Cyclopoida), on Iphione fustis Hoagland, 1920 (Annelida, Iphionidae) from Papua New Guinea","authors":"E. Suárez-Morales, Sergio L Salazar-Vallejo","doi":"10.5343/bms.2022.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2022.0010","url":null,"abstract":"The cyclopoid copepod family Herpyllobiidae includes highly transformed mesoparasitic copepods infecting benthic polychaetes. Herpyllobius Steenstrup and Lütken, 1861 is the most diverse genus of the family and currently contains 20 species. The egg-carrying ectosoma of these copepods can be more or less easily detected on the host external surface. Members of Herpyllobius exclusively parasitize polynoid polychaete hosts, including the type species. The study of an iphionid polychaete collected in New Guinea allowed us to find two ovigerous female herpyllobiids belonging to an undescribed species of Herpyllobius (which are here described as a new species, Herpyllobius piotrowskiae n. sp.) that differs from its known congeners in the shape of the endosoma and ectosoma, the structure and number of epigenital processes, and the structure of egg sacs. The known host range of Herpyllobius is thus expanded to the Iphionidae. After Herpyllobius nipponicus Lützen, 1964, the new species is the second member of this cold-temperate genus to be reported from subtropical waters. The placement of H. nipponicus and H. piotrowskiae n. sp. in the currently used species groups within Herpyllobius is discussed, as well as the possible reasons explaining the absence of males and the identity of the iphionid host.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70884069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria F. Villalpando, Sergio D. Guendulain-García, Andreina Valdez-Trinidad, A. Cróquer, Rita Sellares-Blasco
In the 1980s, two overlapping dramatic events structurally changed Caribbean reefs: the massive die-offs of Diadema antillarum and acroporid corals. Four decades later, we present new reports of extensive D. antillarum mortality and Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease acting simultaneously in southeastern Dominican Republic.
{"title":"Coral reefs of southeastern Dominican Republic hit by two simultaneous epizootic events","authors":"Maria F. Villalpando, Sergio D. Guendulain-García, Andreina Valdez-Trinidad, A. Cróquer, Rita Sellares-Blasco","doi":"10.5343/bms.2022.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2022.0015","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1980s, two overlapping dramatic events structurally changed Caribbean reefs: the massive die-offs of Diadema antillarum and acroporid corals. Four decades later, we present new reports of extensive D. antillarum mortality and Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease acting simultaneously in southeastern Dominican Republic.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70884868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The red band signal of the color spectrum is of significant interest because its remote sensing reflectance yields valuable information on phytoplankton. In this study, we combined a fluorescence model with a modified version of the Garver-Siegel-Maritorena (GSM) algorithm to retrieve the chlorophyll a concentration (Chla) and the magnitude of fluorescence in coastal waters. An analytical inverse optimization procedure was performed using the measured reflectance over the whole visible spectrum with a focus on the Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) sensor (from 413 to 709 nm). The coupled visible-infrared model (GSM&Fluo) was validated by a comparison with Chla that was measured in situ in a wide variety of productive coastal water conditions in the South China Sea. The coefficients of determination (r2) were 0.79 and 0.88 for the GSM and our algorithm, respectively. The combined approach produced more accurate results in our study location. The coupled GSM&Fluo model was able to avoid being trapped in a local optimum by adding an estimation of the fluorescence signal. The results also showed that the suspended particulate matter (SPM) played a major role in the magnitude of the reflectance peak in the chlorophyll fluorescence emission band, and the Fluorescence Line Height (FLH) calculated with a simple baseline approach tended to overestimate the true magnitude of the fluorescence emission as SPM increased.
{"title":"A new semi-analytical model for retrieving chlorophyll a concentration and magnitude of fluorescence in the South China Sea","authors":"Chaoyu Yang, Haibin Ye","doi":"10.5343/bms.2021.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0020","url":null,"abstract":"The red band signal of the color spectrum is of significant interest because its remote sensing reflectance yields valuable information on phytoplankton. In this study, we combined a fluorescence model with a modified version of the Garver-Siegel-Maritorena (GSM) algorithm to retrieve the chlorophyll a concentration (Chla) and the magnitude of fluorescence in coastal waters. An analytical inverse optimization procedure was performed using the measured reflectance over the whole visible spectrum with a focus on the Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) sensor (from 413 to 709 nm). The coupled visible-infrared model (GSM&Fluo) was validated by a comparison with Chla that was measured in situ in a wide variety of productive coastal water conditions in the South China Sea. The coefficients of determination (r2) were 0.79 and 0.88 for the GSM and our algorithm, respectively. The combined approach produced more accurate results in our study location. The coupled GSM&Fluo model was able to avoid being trapped in a local optimum by adding an estimation of the fluorescence signal. The results also showed that the suspended particulate matter (SPM) played a major role in the magnitude of the reflectance peak in the chlorophyll fluorescence emission band, and the Fluorescence Line Height (FLH) calculated with a simple baseline approach tended to overestimate the true magnitude of the fluorescence emission as SPM increased.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：