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A newly discovered Helicocranchia species (Cephalopoda: Cranchiidae: Taoniinae) in the northern Gulf of Mexico 在墨西哥湾北部新发现的一种天螺(头足纲:天螺科:天螺科)
IF 1.5 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5343/bms.2021.0048
H. Judkins, L. Rose-Mann, A. Lindgren, M. Taite, S. Bush, M. Vecchione
Only two species of Helicocranchia—Helicocranchia pfefferi Massy, 1907 and Helicocranchia papillata Nesis, 1987—are currently accepted as valid. The genus is found globally in tropical and subtropical regions at depths to >1000 m (Voss 1980). We collected Helicocranchia specimens in the northern Gulf of Mexico during the DEEPEND project (Deep Pelagic Nekton Dynamics of the Gulf of Mexico; sampling 2015–2018) and from the western North Atlantic Ocean during two different research cruises. Physical examination of specimens found differences from recognized species in external pigmentation and in the morphology of the gladius rostrum. Molecular analysis of the COI gene in the specimens also revealed species-level differences. This study reviews current taxonomy and describes a new Helicocranchia species.
目前公认的有效种属只有两种——1907年的菲费利Helicocranchia pfefferi Massy和1987年的乳头状Helicocranchia papillata Nesis。该属分布于全球热带和亚热带地区,深度可达1000米(Voss 1980)。在DEEPEND项目期间,我们在墨西哥湾北部收集了Helicocranchia标本(墨西哥湾深海浮游生物动力学;采样2015-2018年)和北大西洋西部在两次不同的研究巡航期间。标本的物理检查发现与已知物种在外部色素沉着和形态上的差异。对标本中COI基因的分子分析也揭示了物种水平的差异。本文对目前的分类进行了综述,并描述了一种新的螺旋果属植物。
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引用次数: 1
Integrating climate change and management scenarios in population models to guide the conservation of marine turtles 在种群模型中整合气候变化和管理情景,以指导海龟保护
IF 1.5 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5343/bms.2021.0033
M. Jensen, Tomoharu Eguchi, N. FitzSimmons, M. McCarthy, M. Fuentes, Mark Hamann, C. Limpus, I. Bell, M. Read
The globally significant green turtle (Chelonia mydas) population in the northern Great Barrier Reef is threatened by anthropogenic pressures, including climate change, habitat degradation, and indigenous harvest. Evidence suggesting the population is producing an extreme proportion of females due to increasing temperatures, coupled with temperature-dependent sex determination, is concerning. In response, and to explore management options, we developed two density-independent, stochastic stage-structured metapopulation models: a “Moderate Climate Model” and an “Extreme Climate Model”. The models differ based on climate change projections by incorporating increased female hatchling sex ratios due to global warming and loss of nesting habitat due to sea level rise. The models were based on demographic data from field studies at major rookeries and regional foraging grounds and allowed for variation in operational sex ratios, management actions, and levels of indigenous harvest. Under the Moderate Climate Model, population size increased but could be vulnerable to overharvest of adult females. If overharvest was indicated, the harvest of a proportion of subadults rather than only adult females reduced population declines. Under the Extreme Climate Model, there was a steep population decline even without any harvest, and harvesting subadults accelerated population decline due to the inclusion of subadult males. In the Extreme Climate Model, reversal of population decline depended on male turtles mating with an increased number of females, or management actions to substantially increase the number of male hatchlings produced.
大堡礁北部全球重要的绿海龟(Chelonia mydas)种群受到人为压力的威胁,包括气候变化、栖息地退化和本土捕捞。有证据表明,由于气温升高,再加上温度依赖性的性别决定,种群中产生的雌性比例过高,这令人担忧。为此,为了探索管理方案,我们开发了两个密度独立的随机阶段结构元种群模型:“温和气候模型”和“极端气候模型”。这些模型的不同之处在于对气候变化的预测,其中包括由于全球变暖和海平面上升导致的筑巢栖息地减少而导致的雌性幼雏性别比增加。这些模型基于在主要栖息地和区域觅食地进行的实地研究所得的人口统计数据,并考虑到实际性别比、管理行动和本地收获水平的变化。在温和气候模式下,种群规模增加,但容易受到成年雌性过度捕捞的影响。如果过度捕捞,一定比例的亚成虫而不是仅仅成年雌虫的捕捞减少了种群的下降。在极端气候模式下,即使没有收获,种群数量也会急剧下降,而亚成虫的收获由于包含亚成虫雄虫而加速了种群数量的下降。在极端气候模型中,种群数量下降的逆转取决于雄性海龟与雌性海龟交配数量的增加,或者管理措施大幅增加雄性海龟的孵化数量。
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引用次数: 8
Putative spawning aggregations of giant trevally in the Red Sea 红海中假定的巨型鲹鱼产卵群
IF 1.5 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5343/bms.2021.0039
Alexander Kattan, D. Coker, J. Nowicki, Collin T. Williams, M. Berumen
Timing and location of transient reef fish spawning aggregations are fundamental data required to effectively manage populations, particularly those exposed to commercial fisheries. The giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis) is a semipelagic apex predator of ecological, economic, and cultural significance across its Indo-Pacific range, yet information regarding regional spawning aggregations for the species remains scarce. Here we present documentation to record, for the first time, putative transient spawning aggregations of giant trevally in the Red Sea. Considering that other C. ignobilis aggregations demonstrate highly predictable and specific spatiotemporal dynamics, relevant resource managers should pursue protection strategies to avoid rapid overexploitation of the stock.
短暂的珊瑚鱼产卵聚集的时间和地点是有效管理种群所需的基本数据,特别是那些暴露于商业渔业的种群。巨型鲹鱼(Caranx ignobilis)是一种半深海顶端捕食者,在其印度洋-太平洋范围内具有生态、经济和文化意义,但有关该物种区域产卵聚集的信息仍然很少。在这里,我们提出的文件记录,第一次,假定的短暂产卵聚集的巨型鲹鱼在红海。考虑到其他群落表现出高度可预测和特定的时空动态,相关资源管理者应采取保护策略,以避免该种群的快速过度开发。
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引用次数: 0
Tissue regeneration of the purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina 紫海胆的组织再生
IF 1.5 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5343/bms.2022.0019
E. Maboloc, J. K. Fang
Sea urchins are well known for their regenerative ability that can reconstruct damaged external appendages. Here, we present evidence for the purple sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina in subtropical Hong Kong to survive and recover after partial removal of the peristomial membrane and spines.
海胆以其再生能力而闻名,它们可以重建受损的外部附属物。在这里,我们提出证据表明,在香港亚热带紫色海胆Heliocidaris crassispina在切除部分膜和刺后存活并恢复。
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引用次数: 1
Drifting bryozoans increase nekton diversity in the north-central Gulf of Mexico unvegetated muddy bottom seascape 漂流苔藓虫增加了墨西哥湾中北部无植被泥泞海底的浮游生物多样性
IF 1.5 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5343/bms.2021.0034
E. J. Anderson, M. Peterson, Michael J. Andres
Bryozoans are sessile suspension-feeders; however, some species become dislodged and represent drifting, ephemeral habitat. Beyond those on drift algae, there are relatively few studies describing the fauna associated with ephemeral habitats and the functions these habitats maintain in estuarine systems. Given the highly structured morphology of bryozoans and the muddy-bottom seascape of the north-central Gulf of Mexico, we hypothesized that the presence of bryozoans in nearshore waters provides additional temporally and spatially ephemeral habitat for invertebrates, small mobile fishes, or early life-stages of estuarine nekton. We examined seine and trawl samples from a long-term fisheries monitoring program operating within Mississippi Sound, Mississippi to test our hypothesis. Overall, we collected 71 and 85 invertebrate taxa in seine (2012–2017) and trawl (2013–2017) samples, respectively, with 40 taxa in common. We also collected 86 and 74 fish taxa overall in all seine (2012–2017) and trawl (2013–2017) samples, respectively, with 53 taxa in common. We documented highest species richness and species diversity indices when bryozoans were present and in large volumes; however, most of the samples with bryozoans present were collected between September and November. Our results suggest bryozoan mats likely serve as a dispersal mechanism and refugia for estuarine nekton within a soft-sediment seascape as mats pulse shoreward with winds, tides, and currents.
苔藓虫是无根的悬浮食性动物;然而,有些物种会迁移,代表着漂流的、短暂的栖息地。除了对漂流藻类的研究之外,描述与短暂栖息地相关的动物群以及这些栖息地在河口系统中维持的功能的研究相对较少。考虑到苔藓虫高度结构化的形态和墨西哥湾中北部浑浊的海底景观,我们假设近岸水域苔藓虫的存在为无脊椎动物、小型流动鱼类或河口浮游生物的早期生命阶段提供了额外的时间和空间上的短暂栖息地。为了验证我们的假设,我们检查了密西西比州密西西比湾长期渔业监测项目的围网和拖网样本。总体而言,我们在seine(2012-2017)和拖网(2013-2017)样本中分别收集了71个和85个无脊椎动物类群,共有40个类群。在围网(2012-2017)和拖网(2013-2017)样本中,我们分别收集了86个和74个鱼类分类群,共有53个分类群。苔藓虫大量存在时,物种丰富度和物种多样性指数最高;然而,大部分含有苔藓虫的样本是在9月至11月期间收集的。我们的研究结果表明,苔藓虫垫可能是软沉积海景中河口浮游生物的一种扩散机制和避难所,因为苔藓虫垫会随着风、潮汐和水流的脉动而向岸边移动。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of climate change and water management on West Florida Shelfʼs dynamics 气候变化和水资源管理对西佛罗里达大陆架动力学的影响
IF 1.5 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5343/bms.2021.0054
L. Chérubin, R. Burgman
In this study we evaluated, in a high-resolution simulation (1.5 km), the separate and combined effects of freshwater discharge management and climate warming by 1 °C on the Loop Current intrusions on the West Florida Shelf (WFS) and its dynamics in the subtropical western Atlantic. Based on a one-year simulation in which a Loop Current and its eddy intruded on the WFS, either the increase of freshwater discharge or the climate warming led to a change in the stratification properties of the West Florida Shelf significant enough to affect the type of Loop Current intrusions. Increased freshwater discharge contributed to the intensification of shelf water mixing that favors surface intrusion of Loop Current waters. On the contrary, 1 °C warming led to increased shelf waters stratification that favors bottom intrusions. Either type of intrusion leads to a different oceanographic regime on the shelf to which the ecosystem might respond differently. Our study suggests, however, that increased freshwater discharge could mitigate the effect of climate warming on the WFS by reducing shelf waters stratification. The WFS response to cold air outbreaks that are common in the fall and winter months was also analyzed. It showed that under a warmer climate, the increased stratification due to the freshwater discharge at the end the boreal summer wet season is cancelled by the warmer climate and reduces the available potential energy on the shelf, limiting coastal upwelling, instabilities, and shelf convection.
在高分辨率模拟(1.5 km)中,我们评估了淡水排放管理和气候变暖1°C对西佛罗里达陆架(WFS)环流入侵及其副热带西大西洋动力学的单独和联合影响。基于环流及其涡侵入WFS的一年模拟,淡水流量的增加或气候变暖导致西佛罗里达陆架分层特性的变化足以影响环流侵入的类型。淡水流量的增加导致陆架水混合加剧,有利于环流水的表面侵入。相反,1°C变暖导致大陆架水分层增加,有利于底部入侵。任何一种入侵都会导致大陆架上不同的海洋环境,生态系统对此可能会有不同的反应。然而,我们的研究表明,淡水排放量的增加可以通过减少大陆架水域分层来减轻气候变暖对WFS的影响。还分析了世界气象中心对秋季和冬季常见的冷空气爆发的反应。结果表明,在气候变暖的情况下,北纬夏季湿季末淡水排放导致的分层增加被气候变暖抵消,减少了大陆架上的有效势能,限制了沿海上升流、不稳定性和大陆架对流。
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引用次数: 2
Trophic guild structure and dietary patterns of a juvenile-dominated demersal fish community in a tropical mangrove estuarine system 热带红树林河口系统中幼鱼为主的底栖鱼类群落的营养行会结构和饮食模式
IF 1.5 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5343/bms.2022.0001
A. Then, V. Chong
Community-wide understanding of food web dynamics in species-rich tropical estuaries are generally lacking, exacerbating the challenges of managing these valuable coastal habitats. To address this gap, trophic guilds and dietary patterns were elucidated for 39 species of a juvenile-dominated demersal estuarine fish community in the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, an Important Marine Mammal Area. Fish were sampled monthly for a year using otter trawl, and stomach contents were analyzed. Of the seven trophic guilds identified from clustering analysis, the three most speciose ones were shrimp feeders (12 species), zooplanktivores (9), and generalist crustacivores (7). Copepods occurred in diets of 50% of all fish species and were the most important food item volumetrically for specialist zooplanktivores. Diverse shrimp and prawn taxa, including commercially valuable Acetes and juvenile penaeids, showed highest frequency of occurrence in stomachs and supported the shrimp feeder and crustacivore guilds that contained relatively more diet generalists. Biomass-dominant annelidivore guild members are known to be a vital food resource for highly threatened coastal cetaceans. Ontogenetic diet shift, wide intra-guild diet breadth, seasonality in major resource use, and prevalence of detritus in diet were feeding strategies that reduced niche overlap and competition among fish species sharing common food resources. Future fisheries management must consider the bottom-up trophic impacts from excessive removal of valuable prey resources such as shrimps on equally valuable fish consumers that depend on them.
在物种丰富的热带河口,整个社区普遍缺乏对食物网动态的了解,这加剧了管理这些宝贵的沿海栖息地的挑战。为了解决这一差距,研究了马塘红树林保护区一个以幼鱼为主的河口底栖鱼类群落的39种营养行会和饮食模式。用水獭拖网每月取样一年,并分析胃内容物。在聚类分析确定的7个营养行会中,种类最多的3个是虾类(12种)、浮游动物(9种)和多面体甲壳动物(7种)。桡足类出现在所有鱼类的饮食中,占50%,是专业浮游动物最重要的食物来源。不同的虾和对虾类群,包括具有商业价值的对虾类和对虾类幼体,在胃中出现的频率最高,并支持含有相对较多的饮食通用型的喂虾和甲壳动物行会。众所周知,以生物量为主的环节兽协会成员是受到高度威胁的沿海鲸类的重要食物资源。个体发生性的饵料转换、较大的种群内饵料宽度、主要资源利用的季节性以及饵料中碎屑的普遍存在是减少共享共同食物资源的鱼类之间生态位重叠和竞争的饵料策略。未来的渔业管理必须考虑过度捕捞虾等有价值的猎物资源对同样有价值的鱼类消费者的自下而上的营养影响。
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引用次数: 1
Information legacies of early ecological studies 早期生态学研究的信息遗产
IF 1.5 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5343/bms.2022.0023
Christopher D. Wells, J. D. Muñoz-Maravilla, H. Lasker, P. Edmunds
Despite the importance of historical data in quantifying shifting conditions, information legacies are being lost through oversight and retirement of researchers. We highlight the recovery of two long-term research sites in Caribbean octocoral forests and call for preservation of other legacy sites and associated data before these locations become lost.
尽管历史数据在量化变化条件方面很重要,但由于研究人员的疏忽和退休,信息遗产正在丢失。我们强调恢复加勒比地区八珊瑚森林的两个长期研究地点,并呼吁在这些地点消失之前保护其他遗产地点和相关数据。
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引用次数: 0
Associations between banded sea kraits (Laticuadinae) and trumpetfish (Aulostomidae) in the central Philippines 菲律宾中部带状海鳞鱼(Laticuadinae)与喇叭鱼(Aulostomidae)的关系
IF 1.5 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5343/bms.2022.0044
Kenneth L Materum, P. Sikkel
Lv:0:53:http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral2022 Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric & Earth Science of the University of Miami
[00:53] http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral2022迈阿密大学罗森斯蒂尔海洋、大气与地球科学学院
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引用次数: 0
A novel allopatric lineage within the fat snook species complex of the genus Centropomus (Perciformes: Centropomidae) Centropomus属的一个新的异域谱系(潜形目:centropomia科)
IF 1.5 4区 地球科学 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5343/bms.2022.0007
S. Seyoum, Joel D. Anderson, Damon Williford, Michelle C D Hayes, J. Dutka‐Gianelli, Miguel G Figuerola-Hernandez, Alexis A. Trotter, Ronald G. Taylor, M. Tringali
The species-level taxonomy of fat snooks (Centropomus parallelus and Centropomus mexicanus), which are distributed in coastal waters from Florida to Brazil and parts of the Gulf of Mexico, was explored with mitochondrial DNA 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequencing and multilocus microsatellite DNA genotyping. The existence of a novel lineage first observed from Puerto Rico (“Lineage 3”) was confirmed in the presence of specimens of C. parallelus from Florida (Lineage 1), and C. mexicanus from Texas (Lineage 2). The novel lineage was found to be in the same phylogenetic clade as specimens from Brazil, consistent with distribution along the Caribbean coast as far as South America. Lineages 1 and 2 are spatially isolated, with no fat snook reported from Pensacola, Florida to Freeport, Texas. The transition zone between lineages 2 and 3 may occur in the area between the Yucatán Peninsula and western Panama. Sampling from this region is necessary to identify the breakpoint and potential for hybridization. Analysis of sequence data within a maximum likelihood framework revealed that all three lineages form a monophyletic clade within Centropomus, with Lineage 3 as ancestral to the other two lineages. Lineage 3 may have originated in South America and expanded to seed the other two lineages. This expansion is estimated to have occurred 0.9-2.5 million years ago. Lineage 3 individuals occasionally migrate to the Atlantic coast of Florida from the distal area of their distribution range and hybridize with local specimens of Lineage 1, suggesting some overlap in the distribution of these two lineages. Overall, these data suggest a complex underlying phylogenetic history of fat snooks in the western Atlantic, with the potential for future taxonomic revision.
利用线粒体DNA 16S rRNA、细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1测序和多位点微卫星DNA基因分型技术,对分布于美国佛罗里达州至巴西沿海水域和墨西哥湾部分地区的胖胖的蛤(Centropomus parallelus和centrropomus mexicanus)进行了种水平的分类研究。首次在波多黎各(“谱系3”)观察到的新谱系的存在,在佛罗里达(“谱系1”)和德克萨斯州(“谱系2”)的C. parallelus标本中得到了证实。该新谱系与来自巴西的标本处于相同的系统发育进化枝,与沿加勒比海海岸远至南美洲的分布一致。谱系1和2在空间上是孤立的,从佛罗里达州的彭萨科拉到德克萨斯州的弗里波特都没有发现肥胖的踪迹。谱系2和谱系3之间的过渡区可能出现在Yucatán半岛和巴拿马西部之间的地区。从这个区域取样是必要的,以确定断点和杂交的潜力。在最大似然框架内对序列数据的分析显示,这三个谱系在centerpomus中形成了一个单系分支,谱系3是其他两个谱系的祖先。谱系3可能起源于南美洲,并扩展为其他两个谱系的种子。据估计,这种膨胀发生在90万至250万年前。谱系3的个体偶尔会从其分布范围的远端地区迁移到佛罗里达的大西洋海岸,并与当地的谱系1的标本杂交,这表明这两个谱系在分布上有一些重叠。总的来说,这些数据表明,西大西洋地区的fat snoks具有复杂的潜在系统发育历史,具有未来分类修订的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
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Bulletin of Marine Science
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