M. Love, M. Nishimoto, Linda Snook, Ann Scarborough Bull, Thomas E. Laidig, L. Kui, D. Watters, M. Yoklavich
Between September and November in 1995 and 1998–2011, we conducted surveys of demersal fishes and their associated benthic habitats using direct observations from human-occupied vehicles over the Footprint, an isolated submerged ridge located seawards of the Santa Cruz Island-Anacapa Island Passage, Southern California, extending over bottom depths of about 94–500 m. The observed fish fauna, consisting of 127,351 individuals of at least 79 species, was dominated by rockfishes (genus Sebastes; 94.5% of individuals, 47% of species). The Footprint is home to a complex of benthic habitats that are occupied by a number of fish assemblages. These were defined by bottom depth, habitat type, and the environmental tolerances and preferences of each species. While the habitat-limited benthic species that occupy the shallower parts of the Footprint are isolated from the Santa Cruz Island and Anacapa Island shelves, the fishes living on the Footprint are not reproductively isolated. Rather, through a web of connections, the fishes of the Footprint are likely well integrated into the Southern California Bight. This connectivity, flowing towards and away from the Footprint, means that events hundreds or thousands of kilometers away may have profound effects on the fish assemblages on this feature. For example, economically important species were relatively uncommon, possibly the result of past overfishing locally and a lack of immigration from other regions.
{"title":"A structured deepwater fish community in an isolated benthic feature off Southern California","authors":"M. Love, M. Nishimoto, Linda Snook, Ann Scarborough Bull, Thomas E. Laidig, L. Kui, D. Watters, M. Yoklavich","doi":"10.5343/bms.2022.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2022.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Between September and November in 1995 and 1998–2011, we conducted surveys of demersal fishes and their associated benthic habitats using direct observations from human-occupied vehicles over the Footprint, an isolated submerged ridge located seawards of the Santa Cruz Island-Anacapa Island Passage, Southern California, extending over bottom depths of about 94–500 m. The observed fish fauna, consisting of 127,351 individuals of at least 79 species, was dominated by rockfishes (genus Sebastes; 94.5% of individuals, 47% of species). The Footprint is home to a complex of benthic habitats that are occupied by a number of fish assemblages. These were defined by bottom depth, habitat type, and the environmental tolerances and preferences of each species. While the habitat-limited benthic species that occupy the shallower parts of the Footprint are isolated from the Santa Cruz Island and Anacapa Island shelves, the fishes living on the Footprint are not reproductively isolated. Rather, through a web of connections, the fishes of the Footprint are likely well integrated into the Southern California Bight. This connectivity, flowing towards and away from the Footprint, means that events hundreds or thousands of kilometers away may have profound effects on the fish assemblages on this feature. For example, economically important species were relatively uncommon, possibly the result of past overfishing locally and a lack of immigration from other regions.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70884256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hard bottom coral and sponge communities differ along portions of the West Florida Shelf (WFS) in species occurrence, diversity, and/or size. However, the composition and spatial distribution of these communities are not well understood. Community transitions have been proposed in the central portion of the WFS around Tampa Bay, Cedar Key, and as far south as Charlotte Harbor, but supporting data are sparse. Fifteen sites in three regions of Florida were surveyed for species distribution, density, and demographics. Distinct communities were found between St Teresa, Hudson, and Tarpon Springs. Coral and sponge densities were highest off Tarpon Springs followed by St Teresa and lowest off Hudson. Stony corals (Siderastrea radians, Cladocora arbuscula, and Phyllangia americana) and octocoral complexes (Muricea spp. and Plexauridae) were the main drivers of differences between the regions. Several species of corals significantly varied in size between the three regions and stony corals in Tarpon Springs were significantly larger in 2021 than in the same region in 2017. Overall, the communities had healthy corals with no disease and minimal bleaching. This research broadens the understanding of WFS hard bottom communities and their spatial distributions through detailed surveys. Additional research on the hard bottom communities of the WFS is necessary to attain a comprehensive understanding of the coastal shelf and support long-term management.
{"title":"Spatial variation in hard bottom coral communities of the coastal West Florida Shelf","authors":"Nicole Blank, S. Brooke, B. Walker","doi":"10.5343/bms.2022.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2022.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Hard bottom coral and sponge communities differ along portions of the West Florida Shelf (WFS) in species occurrence, diversity, and/or size. However, the composition and spatial distribution of these communities are not well understood. Community transitions have been proposed in the central portion of the WFS around Tampa Bay, Cedar Key, and as far south as Charlotte Harbor, but supporting data are sparse. Fifteen sites in three regions of Florida were surveyed for species distribution, density, and demographics. Distinct communities were found between St Teresa, Hudson, and Tarpon Springs. Coral and sponge densities were highest off Tarpon Springs followed by St Teresa and lowest off Hudson. Stony corals (Siderastrea radians, Cladocora arbuscula, and Phyllangia americana) and octocoral complexes (Muricea spp. and Plexauridae) were the main drivers of differences between the regions. Several species of corals significantly varied in size between the three regions and stony corals in Tarpon Springs were significantly larger in 2021 than in the same region in 2017. Overall, the communities had healthy corals with no disease and minimal bleaching. This research broadens the understanding of WFS hard bottom communities and their spatial distributions through detailed surveys. Additional research on the hard bottom communities of the WFS is necessary to attain a comprehensive understanding of the coastal shelf and support long-term management.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70884465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Love, M. Nishimoto, E. Meyer‐Gutbrod, L. Kui, Ann Scarborough Bull, Elizabeth Clarke, Erica L. Fruh, Robert J. Miller
Asphalt volcanoes and other extensive hard tar seafloor accumulations are known from the Gulf of Mexico, off Angola, and in the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC), southern California. There are two major volcano features in the SBC: Il Duomo (about 20 m high, cresting at a bottom depth of 115 m) and Il Duomito (about 15 m high, cresting at 185 m). While the geology of these features has been well studied, their fish assemblages have not been well documented. Using an autonomous underwater vehicle, we surveyed the fishes that live on the volcanoes and on the surrounding mud. We observed 1836 fishes, which represented a minimum of 43 species. Of these species, at least 23 (53.5%) were of rockfishes (genus Sebastes). Most of the species were entirely or primarily associated with a specific habitat type, either asphalt or mud. The most abundant primarily asphalt-associated species were greenblotched, swordspine, greenspotted, and flag rockfishes, and bocaccio, cowcod, and bank rockfish. The most abundant mud-associated species included Pacific sanddab, slender, Dover, and English soles, and unidentified poachers. A few taxa (shortspine combfish, greenstriped rockfish, and spotted ratfish) were found both on the mud and over the edges of the asphalt. We observed relatively low densities of all fishes on the volcanoes compared to densities on many southern California natural reefs within the same depth range. We suggest that this is due to (1) a lack of cobble fields around the volcanoes, creating limited habitat for either dwarf species or juvenile fishes, (2) a lack of complex habitat (volcanoes are relatively smooth) creating very limited habitat for adults that need to shelter, and (3) fishing pressure targeting economically important species. Given the unique nature of these tar volcanoes off California, we also suggest the state consider protecting this habitat and the organisms within it.
{"title":"The fish assemblages associated with asphalt volcanoes in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, USA","authors":"M. Love, M. Nishimoto, E. Meyer‐Gutbrod, L. Kui, Ann Scarborough Bull, Elizabeth Clarke, Erica L. Fruh, Robert J. Miller","doi":"10.5343/bms.2022.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2022.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Asphalt volcanoes and other extensive hard tar seafloor accumulations are known from the Gulf of Mexico, off Angola, and in the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC), southern California. There are two major volcano features in the SBC: Il Duomo (about 20 m high, cresting at a bottom depth of 115 m) and Il Duomito (about 15 m high, cresting at 185 m). While the geology of these features has been well studied, their fish assemblages have not been well documented. Using an autonomous underwater vehicle, we surveyed the fishes that live on the volcanoes and on the surrounding mud. We observed 1836 fishes, which represented a minimum of 43 species. Of these species, at least 23 (53.5%) were of rockfishes (genus Sebastes). Most of the species were entirely or primarily associated with a specific habitat type, either asphalt or mud. The most abundant primarily asphalt-associated species were greenblotched, swordspine, greenspotted, and flag rockfishes, and bocaccio, cowcod, and bank rockfish. The most abundant mud-associated species included Pacific sanddab, slender, Dover, and English soles, and unidentified poachers. A few taxa (shortspine combfish, greenstriped rockfish, and spotted ratfish) were found both on the mud and over the edges of the asphalt. We observed relatively low densities of all fishes on the volcanoes compared to densities on many southern California natural reefs within the same depth range. We suggest that this is due to (1) a lack of cobble fields around the volcanoes, creating limited habitat for either dwarf species or juvenile fishes, (2) a lack of complex habitat (volcanoes are relatively smooth) creating very limited habitat for adults that need to shelter, and (3) fishing pressure targeting economically important species. Given the unique nature of these tar volcanoes off California, we also suggest the state consider protecting this habitat and the organisms within it.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70884714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phillip J. Sanchez, Michael A Dance, Richard T. Kraus, R. Hill, J. Rooker
The mid to outer continental shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico is composed of a patchy distribution of coral and rock reefs designated high priority for marine protection. To better understand the influence of deepwater habitat on fish community dynamics and conservation needs, we compared altiphotic-mesophotic transition (20–40 m), upper mesophotic (40–60 m), and middle mesophotic (60–80 m) fish communities between mid-shelf (Sonnier Bank) and outer-shelf (McGrail Bank) banks from before their inclusion into the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary. Surveys performed over two years with a remotely operated vehicle indicated that each bank and depth zone had distinct fish communities. Both banks were dominated by planktivores and piscivores, with an increase in depth specialists (e.g., deepwater anthiids and serranids) at the deeper zones surveyed, particularly in middle mesophotic depths at McGrail. An increased frequency of snappers, groupers, and amberjack were observed at Sonnier Bank, predominately in mesophotic depths, indicating the Sonnier MCE as either a hotspot or potential refuge for meso-and apex predators. This study fills a temporal gap in fish community dynamics of these two banks, serving to create a more continuous dataset available to assist in conservation assessments of the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary.
{"title":"Fish community characterization of mid-shelf and shelf-edge mesophotic coral ecosystems in the expanded Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary","authors":"Phillip J. Sanchez, Michael A Dance, Richard T. Kraus, R. Hill, J. Rooker","doi":"10.5343/bms.2022.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2022.0014","url":null,"abstract":"The mid to outer continental shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico is composed of a patchy distribution of coral and rock reefs designated high priority for marine protection. To better understand the influence of deepwater habitat on fish community dynamics and conservation needs, we compared altiphotic-mesophotic transition (20–40 m), upper mesophotic (40–60 m), and middle mesophotic (60–80 m) fish communities between mid-shelf (Sonnier Bank) and outer-shelf (McGrail Bank) banks from before their inclusion into the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary. Surveys performed over two years with a remotely operated vehicle indicated that each bank and depth zone had distinct fish communities. Both banks were dominated by planktivores and piscivores, with an increase in depth specialists (e.g., deepwater anthiids and serranids) at the deeper zones surveyed, particularly in middle mesophotic depths at McGrail. An increased frequency of snappers, groupers, and amberjack were observed at Sonnier Bank, predominately in mesophotic depths, indicating the Sonnier MCE as either a hotspot or potential refuge for meso-and apex predators. This study fills a temporal gap in fish community dynamics of these two banks, serving to create a more continuous dataset available to assist in conservation assessments of the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70884765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeremy M. Higgs, E. Hoffmayer, William B. Driggers III, Christian M. Jones, Jill M. Hendon
Four new records of the ragged-tooth shark (Odontaspis ferox, i.e., smalltooth sand tiger), are reported from recreational and commercial fisheries in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Two specimens of unknown sex were caught in the recreational swordfish (Xiphias gladius) fishery in the northern Gulf of Mexico [about 225 and 250 cm total length (TL)], a mature male was caught in the South Atlantic Bight (about 200 cm TL) by an angler targeting barrelfish (Hyperoglyphe perciformis), and another mature male was caught in the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda (about 275 cm TL) by a commercial fisher targeting Atlantic wreckfish (Polyprion americanus). All four specimens were incidentally caught on rod-and-reel and released alive. The Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Bight specimens reported herein contribute to the limited number of ragged-tooth shark interactions in these regions, while the observation in Bermuda is the first documented record for this locality.
{"title":"New records of the ragged-tooth shark, Odontaspis ferox, from the western North Atlantic Ocean, with a summary of regional occurrences","authors":"Jeremy M. Higgs, E. Hoffmayer, William B. Driggers III, Christian M. Jones, Jill M. Hendon","doi":"10.5343/bms.2021.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0045","url":null,"abstract":"Four new records of the ragged-tooth shark (Odontaspis ferox, i.e., smalltooth sand tiger), are reported from recreational and commercial fisheries in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Two specimens of unknown sex were caught in the recreational swordfish (Xiphias gladius) fishery in the northern Gulf of Mexico [about 225 and 250 cm total length (TL)], a mature male was caught in the South Atlantic Bight (about 200 cm TL) by an angler targeting barrelfish (Hyperoglyphe perciformis), and another mature male was caught in the Sargasso Sea off Bermuda (about 275 cm TL) by a commercial fisher targeting Atlantic wreckfish (Polyprion americanus). All four specimens were incidentally caught on rod-and-reel and released alive. The Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Bight specimens reported herein contribute to the limited number of ragged-tooth shark interactions in these regions, while the observation in Bermuda is the first documented record for this locality.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assessing the importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that shape the spatial distribution of genetic diversity of symbionts has been a topic of debate for decades. While host-mediated dispersal is an important driver of gene flow in many terrestrial metazoan symbionts, few studies have identified the drivers of symbiont genetic differentiation in the marine realm, where habitats are comparatively more homogeneous and long-distance dispersal is common. In the present study, we perform a meta-analysis of existing studies examining symbiont spatial genetic diversity to determine which symbiont- and host-related traits shape the patterns of genetic differentiation of metazoan symbionts, while also considering technical aspects of each study. Specifically, we wanted to assess the influence of biological traits and/or technical aspects in (1) detecting genetic differentiation in marine symbionts, and (2) shaping the minimum spatial scale at which genetic differentiation was detected. By assessing genetic diversity of mtDNA markers, we found that the spatial scale at which studies are conducted was a crucial predictor of both detection of genetic structure and scale at which differentiation of marine symbionts was detected. Symbiont-based traits did not influence genetic structure, however, host-mediated dispersal was the only biological trait that shaped genetic structure of marine symbionts by influencing the spatial distribution at which differentiation was detected.
{"title":"Host-mediated dispersal shapes spatial distribution of genetic variability in marine symbionts","authors":"J. Pagan, R. Xavier, P. Sikkel, Ana Veríssimo","doi":"10.5343/bms.2021.0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0046","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing the importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that shape the spatial distribution of genetic diversity of symbionts has been a topic of debate for decades. While host-mediated dispersal is an important driver of gene flow in many terrestrial metazoan symbionts, few studies have identified the drivers of symbiont genetic differentiation in the marine realm, where habitats are comparatively more homogeneous and long-distance dispersal is common. In the present study, we perform a meta-analysis of existing studies examining symbiont spatial genetic diversity to determine which symbiont- and host-related traits shape the patterns of genetic differentiation of metazoan symbionts, while also considering technical aspects of each study. Specifically, we wanted to assess the influence of biological traits and/or technical aspects in (1) detecting genetic differentiation in marine symbionts, and (2) shaping the minimum spatial scale at which genetic differentiation was detected. By assessing genetic diversity of mtDNA markers, we found that the spatial scale at which studies are conducted was a crucial predictor of both detection of genetic structure and scale at which differentiation of marine symbionts was detected. Symbiont-based traits did not influence genetic structure, however, host-mediated dispersal was the only biological trait that shaped genetic structure of marine symbionts by influencing the spatial distribution at which differentiation was detected.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosely Peraza-Escarrá, M. Armenteros, R. Fernández-Garcés, S. Murawski, A. Gracia
We evaluated the mollusk death assemblages along seven sites in a deepsea expedition off northwestern (NW) Cuba. We aimed to (1) provide the first baseline of mollusk diversity in sediments of the NW region, and (2) test if there were west-east gradients of α- and β-diversities. We found 141 species in sediments: 68 deepsea benthic, 43 shelf benthic, and 30 pelagic species. The richness of pelagic species was similar along the NW region indicating significant settlement of pteropod shells to the seabed. The occurrence of shelf species in the deepsea suggested a downslope transport of shells enhanced by the slope steepness and dredging in two ports. β-diversity of deepsea benthic mollusks showed a high turnover at local scales explained by habitat heterogeneity. β-diversity of pelagic species was extremely low suggesting that the planktonic assemblage was evenly distributed. In contrast, high β-diversity of shelf benthic species occurred likely due to downslope transportation of materials. Deepsea gastropods were mostly detritivores, while bivalves were mostly suspension feeders. These dominant biological traits indicated oligotrophic conditions in sediments likely coupled with an intense hydrodynamic regime in the deepsea. The NW Cuban region seems to be a hotspot for mollusk diversity because of the discovery in a single expedition of seven new species, 12 new records, and 36% endemism relative to the entire Gulf of Mexico. Our findings revealed a complex and diverse mix of deep/pelagic/shelf species but did not indicate a west-east gradient in the mollusk assemblage structure.
{"title":"Mollusk death assemblages from the deep slope off northwestern Cuba (Gulf of Mexico)","authors":"Rosely Peraza-Escarrá, M. Armenteros, R. Fernández-Garcés, S. Murawski, A. Gracia","doi":"10.5343/bms.2022.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2022.0006","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the mollusk death assemblages along seven sites in a deepsea expedition off northwestern (NW) Cuba. We aimed to (1) provide the first baseline of mollusk diversity in sediments of the NW region, and (2) test if there were west-east gradients of α- and β-diversities. We found 141 species in sediments: 68 deepsea benthic, 43 shelf benthic, and 30 pelagic species. The richness of pelagic species was similar along the NW region indicating significant settlement of pteropod shells to the seabed. The occurrence of shelf species in the deepsea suggested a downslope transport of shells enhanced by the slope steepness and dredging in two ports. β-diversity of deepsea benthic mollusks showed a high turnover at local scales explained by habitat heterogeneity. β-diversity of pelagic species was extremely low suggesting that the planktonic assemblage was evenly distributed. In contrast, high β-diversity of shelf benthic species occurred likely due to downslope transportation of materials. Deepsea gastropods were mostly detritivores, while bivalves were mostly suspension feeders. These dominant biological traits indicated oligotrophic conditions in sediments likely coupled with an intense hydrodynamic regime in the deepsea. The NW Cuban region seems to be a hotspot for mollusk diversity because of the discovery in a single expedition of seven new species, 12 new records, and 36% endemism relative to the entire Gulf of Mexico. Our findings revealed a complex and diverse mix of deep/pelagic/shelf species but did not indicate a west-east gradient in the mollusk assemblage structure.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70884478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Localized mortality within reef crest depressions in the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary in 2016 may have resulted from inundation by brine that erupted when reef rock collapsed into a solution cavern in the salt dome below the bank. This mechanism offers an alternative explanation of mortality that has previously been attributed to hypoxia caused by either offshore movement of brackish, organically rich flood waters, upwelling, or both. Faults at the mortality site, discovered previously, and field observations of water conditions and mortality patterns during the event suggest that salt dissolution, undermining, and collapse may have driven a brine eruption. Elsewhere on the bank, anoxic, sulfurous brine flows have been found adjacent to areas of seafloor collapse, producing localized, brine-induced stress and mortality, but evidence of acute, lethal brine eruptions caused by active faulting would be novel for this system.
{"title":"Geological faulting a possible trigger for brine-induced reef mortality at East Flower Garden Bank, NW Gulf of Mexico","authors":"T. J. Bright, S. Gittings","doi":"10.5343/bms.2022.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2022.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Localized mortality within reef crest depressions in the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary in 2016 may have resulted from inundation by brine that erupted when reef rock collapsed into a solution cavern in the salt dome below the bank. This mechanism offers an alternative explanation of mortality that has previously been attributed to hypoxia caused by either offshore movement of brackish, organically rich flood waters, upwelling, or both. Faults at the mortality site, discovered previously, and field observations of water conditions and mortality patterns during the event suggest that salt dissolution, undermining, and collapse may have driven a brine eruption. Elsewhere on the bank, anoxic, sulfurous brine flows have been found adjacent to areas of seafloor collapse, producing localized, brine-induced stress and mortality, but evidence of acute, lethal brine eruptions caused by active faulting would be novel for this system.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70884638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camila Vargas Poulsen, A. Rivera, Veronica L Ortiz, J. Castilla, Rodrigo A. Estévez, Francisca Reyes-Mendy, S. Gelcich
Artisanal fisher associations have experienced a shift towards gender inclusivity over the past decade. We used the social-ecological systems framework developed by Elinor Ostrom to explore relationships between gender and collective action. Questionnaires were used to determine (1) motivations to join an association, (2) socio-demographic information, (3) perceptions on key collective action dimensions around leadership and norms within the association, and (4) perceived social performance. Surveys targeted artisanal fisher associations in Chile with varying gender compositions: exclusively male members, exclusively female members, mixed-gender led by a man, and mixed-gender led by a woman. Our results show that women and men have distinct motivations to join an association. Women are primarily motivated by a sense of belonging, while men are mainly motivated by the possibility of an increase in income. Furthermore, associations comprised of women displayed higher valuations on leadership, entrepreneurship, and participation in activities. This likely led to the significantly higher performance of associations that incorporated women (either women-only or mixed gender) in efficiency (30.1%–40.3% higher) and cooperation (13.8%–30.8% higher). Our results extend the social-ecological systems framework towards understanding the role of gender in collective action for fisheries management and specifically contribute to build knowledge and implement novel policy which considers gender in artisanal fisheries in Chile.
{"title":"Exploring relationships between gender and collective action in artisanal fisher associations of Central Chile","authors":"Camila Vargas Poulsen, A. Rivera, Veronica L Ortiz, J. Castilla, Rodrigo A. Estévez, Francisca Reyes-Mendy, S. Gelcich","doi":"10.5343/bms.2021.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2021.0052","url":null,"abstract":"Artisanal fisher associations have experienced a shift towards gender inclusivity over the past decade. We used the social-ecological systems framework developed by Elinor Ostrom to explore relationships between gender and collective action. Questionnaires were used to determine (1) motivations to join an association, (2) socio-demographic information, (3) perceptions on key collective action dimensions around leadership and norms within the association, and (4) perceived social performance. Surveys targeted artisanal fisher associations in Chile with varying gender compositions: exclusively male members, exclusively female members, mixed-gender led by a man, and mixed-gender led by a woman. Our results show that women and men have distinct motivations to join an association. Women are primarily motivated by a sense of belonging, while men are mainly motivated by the possibility of an increase in income. Furthermore, associations comprised of women displayed higher valuations on leadership, entrepreneurship, and participation in activities. This likely led to the significantly higher performance of associations that incorporated women (either women-only or mixed gender) in efficiency (30.1%–40.3% higher) and cooperation (13.8%–30.8% higher). Our results extend the social-ecological systems framework towards understanding the role of gender in collective action for fisheries management and specifically contribute to build knowledge and implement novel policy which considers gender in artisanal fisheries in Chile.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70883739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lachlan AW Ramm, J. Florisson, Stephanie L. Watts, A. Becker, J. Tweedley
The long history of artificial reefs has stimulated diversity in their physical properties and deployment for a range of purposes. A systematic literature search yielded 804 scientific publications on artificial reefs. A database of their characteristics was constructed and used to investigate geographical and historical trends. A total of 1074 unique artificial reefs from 71 countries were identified, with 89% located in the northern hemisphere, but equally distributed between eastern and western. Reefs were assigned to one of three categories: (A) unintentional deployment, (B) intentional deployment but unintentional reef, and (C) intentional artificial reef. Category A reefs consisted predominantly of accidental shipwrecks. Category B reefs were primarily coastal defense structures in shallow waters and active oil and gas infrastructures at greater depths. The number of Category C reefs increased after 1965, with most in depths of 10–30 m. Most were constructed from concrete or steel, followed by rock and rubber. Usage of concrete as a material steadily increased, while those of steel and rubber decreased, coinciding with the transition from objects (materials) of opportunity to purpose-built reefs. Most reefs were deployed to enhance faunal communities or fisheries, particularly recreational fishing in North America and Australia. Monitoring was most often performed using underwater visual census but transitioned to more technologically advanced methods, particularly in more affluent countries over recent decades. We present a standardized protocol for describing artificial reefs and urge authors to include all relevant data in their publications to allow future comparisons to enhance our understanding and evaluation of these structures.
{"title":"Artificial reefs in the Anthropocene: a review of geographical and historical trends in their design, purpose, and monitoring","authors":"Lachlan AW Ramm, J. Florisson, Stephanie L. Watts, A. Becker, J. Tweedley","doi":"10.5343/bms.2020.0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2020.0046","url":null,"abstract":"The long history of artificial reefs has stimulated diversity in their physical properties and deployment for a range of purposes. A systematic literature search yielded 804 scientific publications on artificial reefs. A database of their characteristics was constructed and used to investigate geographical and historical trends. A total of 1074 unique artificial reefs from 71 countries were identified, with 89% located in the northern hemisphere, but equally distributed between eastern and western. Reefs were assigned to one of three categories: (A) unintentional deployment, (B) intentional deployment but unintentional reef, and (C) intentional artificial reef. Category A reefs consisted predominantly of accidental shipwrecks. Category B reefs were primarily coastal defense structures in shallow waters and active oil and gas infrastructures at greater depths. The number of Category C reefs increased after 1965, with most in depths of 10–30 m. Most were constructed from concrete or steel, followed by rock and rubber. Usage of concrete as a material steadily increased, while those of steel and rubber decreased, coinciding with the transition from objects (materials) of opportunity to purpose-built reefs. Most reefs were deployed to enhance faunal communities or fisheries, particularly recreational fishing in North America and Australia. Monitoring was most often performed using underwater visual census but transitioned to more technologically advanced methods, particularly in more affluent countries over recent decades. We present a standardized protocol for describing artificial reefs and urge authors to include all relevant data in their publications to allow future comparisons to enhance our understanding and evaluation of these structures.","PeriodicalId":55312,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Marine Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70882809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：