Brain and Language最新文献_第2页

Resolving the mystery of Chinese developmental dyslexia: in search of predictors and early markers 解决中国发展性阅读障碍之谜：寻找预测因子和早期标记

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105705

Li Hai Tan , Yihong Yin , Sha Tao , Xiaona Que , Fanlu Jia , Qi Dong , Yang Yang

Developmental dyslexia is a specific learning disability for which early identification and intervention are crucial. In alphabetic languages, phonological awareness and letter naming are well-established early markers of reading disorders. For developmental dyslexia in Chinese, a language that differs from alphabetic languages in multiple aspects, little is known about its early markers. Here, we report findings from a 2.5-year longitudinal behavioral study and a functional neuroimaging study designed to identify the neural underpinnings of predictors of Chinese reading disability. In Experiment 1, 237 Chinese children were assessed at age 5 on phonological awareness, morphological awareness, phonological memory (measured by digit span) and rapid automatized naming (RAN). Their reading performance was measured two and a half years later using a nationally standardized Chinese reading assessment. Forty children were identified as dyslexic and fifty-six as typical readers. For the two groups of children, we found that phonological memory and RAN were unique and reliable predictors of reading disorders, explaining significant variance after controlling for other factors. The analyses with all 237 participants showed the same pattern. In Experiment 2, we conducted a brain-wide association study in skilled readers to examine whether these two predictors were associated with activation in reading-related regions. We found that phonological memory and RAN were strongly associated with regions supporting Chinese reading. This research has demonstrated that phonological memory and RAN are early cognitive markers of Chinese dyslexia and, for the first time, has tried to pave the way for effective early intervention strategies for Chinese reading difficulties.

发展性阅读障碍是一种特殊的学习障碍，早期识别和干预至关重要。在字母语言中，语音意识和字母命名是阅读障碍的早期标志。汉语作为一种与字母语言有诸多不同的语言，其早期标志却鲜为人知。在此，我们报告了一项为期2.5年的纵向行为研究和一项功能神经影像学研究的结果，旨在确定汉语阅读障碍预测因子的神经基础。实验1对237名5岁中国儿童的语音意识、形态意识、语音记忆（以数字广度测量）和快速自动命名（RAN）进行了测试。他们的阅读表现在两年半后使用全国标准化的中文阅读评估进行测量。40名儿童被确定为阅读困难，56名儿童被确定为典型的阅读者。对于两组儿童，我们发现语音记忆和RAN是阅读障碍的独特和可靠的预测因子，在控制其他因素后解释了显著差异。对所有237名参与者的分析显示了相同的模式。在实验2中，我们对熟练阅读者进行了全脑关联研究，以检验这两个预测因子是否与阅读相关区域的激活有关。我们发现语音记忆和RAN与支持汉语阅读的区域密切相关。本研究表明语音记忆和RAN是汉语阅读障碍的早期认知标志，并首次尝试为有效的汉语阅读障碍早期干预策略铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Evidence for a role of memory in novel word-learning after perinatal stroke 围产期中风后记忆在新单词学习中的作用证据

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2026.105707

Clément François , Laura Ferreri , Pablo Ripollés , Alfredo Garcia-Alix , Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells , Laura Bosch

Children with left perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) often exhibit language deficits. However, evaluations of learning abilities are scarce. We compared word-referent associative learning and recall performance using a fast-mapping paradigm in a group of 3.5-year-old children with PAIS and in age-matched controls. The task involved a referent selection phase followed by immediate and delayed recall trials of the novel word-object associations. While no between-group differences were observed in the referent selection and immediate recall, children with PAIS showed lower performance in delayed recall of the newly learned associations. These results suggest that word learning difficulties after PAIS may arise due to a memory retention failure rather than to the process of referent selection through disambiguation involved in the fast mapping task. We discuss these findings in relation to the neural bases of infant language acquisition and their implications for clinical practice, particularly in terms of improving lexical acquisition and retention in children with PAIS.

围产期左动脉缺血性中风（PAIS）患儿常表现为语言障碍。然而，对学习能力的评估却很少。我们使用快速映射范式比较了一组3.5岁的PAIS儿童和年龄匹配的对照组的单词参照联想学习和回忆表现。这项任务包括一个参照物选择阶段，随后是对新词-客体关联的即时和延迟回忆试验。在参照选择和即时回忆方面，组间无差异，但PAIS儿童在延迟回忆新学关联方面表现较差。这些结果表明，PAIS后的单词学习困难可能是由于记忆保留失败而不是由于快速映射任务中通过消歧义来选择参考物的过程。我们讨论了这些发现与婴儿语言习得的神经基础及其对临床实践的影响，特别是在改善PAIS儿童词汇习得和保留方面。

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引用次数: 0

Orthographic knowledge and morphological awareness in kindergarten predict children’s reading fluency in fifth grade through dorsal and ventral pathways 幼儿园正字法知识和形态意识通过背侧和腹侧通路预测五年级儿童的阅读流畅性。

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105704

Jie Chen , Yinan Wei , Ningxin Zhao , Manli Zhang , Jia Zhang , Guosheng Ding , George K. Georgiou , Xiangzhi Meng , Xiujie Yang

We examined the neural mechanisms underlying how early orthographic and morphological awareness support the development of reading fluency in Chinese. We followed Mandarin-speaking Chinese children from kindergarten (M_age = 5.74 years) to Grade 5 (M_age = 11.07 years). Results of hierarchical regression analysis showed first that after controlling for age, gender, nonverbal IQ, phonological awareness, and rapid automatized naming (RAN), orthographic knowledge and morphological awareness in kindergarten explained 4.6–7.0 % of unique variance in reading fluency in Grade 5. Next, results of mediation analysis showed that the functional connectivity between the left precentral gyrus and the right supramarginal gyrus mediated the association of orthographic knowledge (Time 1) and reading fluency (Time 2), and that the functional connectivity between the left fusiform gyrus and the left middle temporal gyrus mediated the relationship between morphological awareness (Time 1) and reading fluency (Time 2). These findings suggest that, over time, the dorsal and ventral pathways are crucial in how early orthographic and morphological awareness predict reading fluency later on.

我们研究了早期正字法和词形意识支持汉语阅读流畅性发展的神经机制。我们跟踪了讲普通话的中国儿童，从幼儿园（5.74岁）到五年级（11.07岁）。层次回归分析结果显示，在控制了年龄、性别、非语言智商、语音意识和快速自动命名（RAN）后，幼儿园阶段的正字法知识和词形意识解释了五年级阅读流利性的4.6- 7.0%的独特差异。中介分析结果表明，左中央前回与右边缘上回的功能连接介导正字法知识（时间1）与阅读流畅性（时间2）的关联，左梭状回与左颞中回的功能连接介导形态意识（时间1）与阅读流畅性（时间2）的关联。这些发现表明，随着时间的推移，背侧和腹侧通路对于早期的正字法和形态意识如何预测后来的阅读流畅性至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Suprasegmental aspects of phonetic feature representation in human cortex: An fMRI investigation of Cantonese lexical tones 人类皮层语音特征表征的超段性方面：粤语词汇声调的fMRI研究

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105702

Ran Tao , Kaile Zhang , Yan Feng , Yi Weng , Gang Peng

This study investigated the neural basis of lexical tone representation in Cantonese, a complex tone language that contrasts pitch height and slope to convey lexical meaning. We used sparse-sampling fMRI to measure brain activity from native Cantonese speakers performing three tasks involving tonal syllables: passive listening, silent repetition, and word identification. Behavioral performance with high identification rates confirmed effective stimulus processing. Group-level activation and multivariate pattern analyses revealed a distributed bilateral network encompassing the bilateral precentral gyri (PrCG), right superior frontal gyrus (RSFG), bilateral superior temporal gyri (STG), left inferior parietal sulcus (LIPS), and bilateral lingual gyri (BiLG), which reliably encoded tone categories. Using dissimilarity matrices constructed from tonal features and neural activation patterns, representational similarity analysis (RSA) showed bilateral STG encoding pitch height and LIPS processing pitch slope. The frontal regions, LIPS, and BiLG contribute to holistic tone processing. This contrasts with the temporal-parietal network identified in previous Mandarin studies, suggesting that Cantonese tones invoke a bilateral and more extended brain network. The inter-subject RSA results revealed significant brain-behavioral correlations in the frontal and parietal regions, suggesting that these regions are closely associated with tone categorization performance. Other regions showed non-significant correlations, indicating their involvement in tone processing but not directly predicting behavioral performance. Together, these findings enhance our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying tone perception in complex tonal languages and highlight the intricate role of bilateral cortical networks supporting the representation of complex suprasegmental phonetic features.

广东话是一种复杂的声调语言，通过对比音高和坡度来表达词汇意义，本研究探讨了粤语词汇声调表征的神经基础。我们使用稀疏抽样功能磁共振成像来测量以广东话为母语的人在执行三个涉及声调音节的任务时的大脑活动：被动倾听、无声重复和单词识别。高识别率的行为表现证实了刺激加工的有效性。群体水平激活和多变量模式分析显示，双侧中央前回（PrCG）、右侧额上回（RSFG）、双侧颞上回（STG）、左侧顶叶下沟（LIPS）和双侧舌回（BiLG）是一个分布的双侧网络，该网络可靠地编码音调类别。利用音调特征和神经激活模式构建的不相似矩阵，表征相似性分析（RSA）显示STG编码音调高度，LIPS处理音调坡度。额叶区、lip和BiLG参与整体音调处理。这与之前在普通话研究中发现的颞顶叶网络形成了对比，表明粤语音调调用了一个双边和更广泛的大脑网络。受试者间的RSA结果显示，额叶和顶叶区域具有显著的脑行为相关性，表明这些区域与音调分类表现密切相关。其他区域显示出不显著的相关性，表明它们参与音调处理，但不能直接预测行为表现。总之，这些发现增强了我们对复杂声调语言中声调感知的神经机制的理解，并强调了支持复杂超分段语音特征表征的双侧皮层网络的复杂作用。

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引用次数: 0

ERP markers of gender retrieval during noun production: Evidence for early processing and masculine-feminine asymmetries 名词产生过程中性别检索的ERP标记：早期加工和男女不对称的证据

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105700

A.R. Sá-Leite , I. Padrón , I. Fraga , D. Pinal , C. Pinto , M. Comesaña

It remains unclear whether agreement contexts are essential for grammatical gender selection during lexical access to nouns. Studies using the picture-word interference (PWI) paradigm address this by asking participants to name pictures with bare nouns while ignoring distractor words and by examining the gender congruency effect (GCE: faster responses for gender-congruent target-distractor pairs). However, results are inconsistent. We propose that the paradigm masks early lexical effects, leading to erratic response time findings; therefore, we combined the PWI task with EEG. Response times showed no GCE, but ERPs revealed it for masculine nouns, with larger early (80–190 ms) and mid-latency (N400) amplitudes in the incongruent condition. A main gender effect (slower responses and larger P600 for feminine nouns) suggested a higher cognitive demand for the feminine. These results indicate early gender retrieval without agreement for gender transparent nouns, challenging the PWI’s suitability for detecting behavioral early gender effects.

在名词词汇获取过程中，一致语境是否对语法性别选择至关重要尚不清楚。使用图片-单词干扰（PWI）范式的研究通过要求参与者在忽略干扰词的情况下用裸名词命名图片来解决这个问题，并通过检验性别一致性效应（GCE：性别一致的目标-干扰对的反应更快）。然而，结果并不一致。我们认为，范式掩盖了早期词汇效应，导致不稳定的反应时间结果；因此，我们将PWI任务与EEG相结合。反应时间不显示GCE，但erp显示阳性名词有GCE，在不一致条件下，早期（80-190 ms）和中潜伏期（N400）振幅较大。主要的性别效应（对阴性名词的反应较慢，P600较大）表明对阴性名词的认知需求较高。这些结果表明，性别透明名词的早期性别检索不一致，对PWI检测行为早期性别效应的适用性提出了挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Promoting the integration of language, cognition and gesture for individuals with neurological disorders rehabilitation: A point of view and directions for future research 促进神经障碍康复患者语言、认知和手势的整合：未来研究的一个观点和方向。

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105701

Luisa Cacciante , Mariagrazia Ranzini

The cost of neurological disorders for our societies is increasing and calls for innovative and effective treatments. A large body of neuroscientific findings indicates that action and cognition are largely intermingled in the brain. Consistent research comes from studies on the link between gestures and language, for instance, showing that co-speech gestures play a role in lexical retrieval. Consequently, a perspective which integrates gestures and language in rehabilitation appears promising for the treatment of many language-related disorders occurring following neurodegenerative disease or cerebrovascular disease. Here we discuss how interventions for language disorders which integrate gestures appear to be promising, despite the fact that such interventions are still limited, and their efficacy has not been systematically tested yet. Specifically, we discuss findings illustrating how gesture-based treatments can be effective for the recovery of language disorders, and how language-based treatments can favor the positive outcome of motor rehabilitation. Beyond language, we highlight the importance of considering gestures in other important aspects of human cognition. This is the case of numerical cognition, where gestures play an important role in learning and expressing magnitude information (e.g., finger counting). We finally discuss the importance of promoting innovative rehabilitation protocols together with a comprehensive knowledge of individual differences in the brain mechanisms at play during recovery. Effective rehabilitation and recovery should be a major challenge for researchers and clinicians: integrating gestures might finally result in more ecological rehabilitation interventions and better translation of benefits to daily life activities.

神经系统疾病给我们社会造成的损失正在增加，需要创新和有效的治疗方法。大量的神经科学发现表明，行动和认知在很大程度上是在大脑中混合在一起的。一致的研究来自于对手势和语言之间联系的研究，例如，表明同语手势在词汇检索中发挥作用。因此，在康复中整合手势和语言的观点似乎有望治疗神经退行性疾病或脑血管疾病后发生的许多语言相关疾病。在这里，我们讨论了结合手势的语言障碍干预措施是如何有希望的，尽管这种干预措施仍然有限，而且它们的效果还没有得到系统的测试。具体来说，我们讨论了基于手势的治疗如何有效地恢复语言障碍，以及基于语言的治疗如何有利于运动康复的积极结果的研究结果。除了语言，我们还强调了在人类认知的其他重要方面考虑手势的重要性。这就是数字认知的情况，手势在学习和表达数量信息（例如，手指计数）中起着重要作用。我们最后讨论了促进创新康复方案的重要性，以及在恢复过程中发挥作用的大脑机制的个体差异的全面知识。有效的康复和恢复应该是研究人员和临床医生面临的主要挑战：整合手势可能最终导致更多的生态康复干预，并更好地将益处转化为日常生活活动。

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引用次数: 0

The influence of L2 proficiency on orthographic coding flexibility is not a linear pattern: The role of orthographic regularity 二语熟练程度对正字法编码灵活性的影响不是线性模式，而是正字法规则的作用。

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105699

Fengjiao Cong , Siyi Jiang , Changze Zhao , Baoguo Chen

Orthographic coding serves as a foundation underlying word recognition in both first language (L1) and second language (L2) processing. However, empirical research examining how orthographic coding of L2 words, particularly letter position encoding, changes with increasing L2 proficiency remains scarce and inconsistent. Given that L1 research has shown that orthographic regularities shape letter position encoding, the current study aims to investigate whether orthographic regularities (Position Entropy) modulate the change in flexible letter encoding as L2 proficiency increases. Two groups of Chinese-English bilinguals with varying levels of English proficiency participated in a lexical decision task using ERP technology. Analyses of ERP data (P250, N400) indicate that the orthographic regularity of the L2 system influences the degree to which flexibility in orthographic encoding varies as a function of L2 proficiency. Specifically, for L2 words with less uncertainty in letter position distribution (more consistent with the orthographic regularity, indexed by low Position Entropy), the flexibility in orthographic coding increases with L2 proficiency, while for L2 words with high uncertainty in letter position distribution (less consistent with the orthographic regularity, indexed by high Position Entropy), the flexibility in letter coding decreases with language proficiency. Incorporating orthographic regularities into models of orthographic encoding provides a compelling theoretical framework, particularly in the context of L2 word recognition, as it helps clarify how flexibility in letter-position encoding changes with increasing L2 proficiency.

正字法编码是第一语言（L1）和第二语言（L2）处理中单词识别的基础。然而，关于二语单词正字法编码，特别是字母位置编码如何随着二语熟练程度的提高而变化的实证研究仍然很少，也不一致。鉴于母语研究表明，正字法规则影响字母位置编码，本研究旨在探讨正字法规则（位置熵）是否会随着二语熟练程度的提高而调节灵活字母编码的变化。两组英语水平不同的中英双语者使用ERP技术参与词汇决策任务。对ERP数据（P250, N400）的分析表明，二语系统的正字法规律性影响了二语熟练程度对正字法编码灵活性的影响。具体而言，对于字母位置分布不确定性较小（更符合正字法规则，以低位置熵为指标）的二语词汇，正字法编码的灵活性随着二语熟练程度的提高而增加，而对于字母位置分布不确定性较大（更不符合正字法规则，以高位置熵为指标）的二语词汇，字母编码的灵活性随着语言熟练程度的提高而降低。将正字法规则纳入正字法编码模型提供了一个引人注目的理论框架，特别是在二语单词识别的背景下，因为它有助于阐明字母位置编码的灵活性如何随着二语熟练程度的提高而变化。

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引用次数: 0

Neural indices of phonological and acoustic–phonetic perception 语音和声音感知的神经指标

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105685

Yasuaki Shinohara , Valerie L. Shafer

Neural discriminative responses index acoustic–phonetic and phonological differences. This study examined how contextual complexity modulates neural discrimination of speech sounds. The neural discrimination of Japanese /ma/ and /na/ was examined in a single-standard versus multi-standard oddball paradigm. In each paradigm, there were within-phoneme and cross-phoneme conditions. The results demonstrated that the single-standard cross-phoneme condition (single-standard [ma] vs. deviant [na]) elicited the largest mismatch negativity (MMN), followed by the single-standard within-phoneme condition (single-standard [na] vs. deviant [na]), and then the multi-standard cross-phoneme condition (multi-standard [ma] vs. deviant [na]). The multi-standard cross-phoneme condition elicited a late discriminative negativity (LDN) unlike the single-standard cross-phoneme condition. The later timing of the effect in the multi-standard condition suggests that task influences processing at the level of the MMN and LDN. Future studies are needed to further determine how the magnitude of varying factors, such as speech voice, influences phonological processing.

神经辨别性反应反映声音和语音差异。这项研究考察了环境复杂性如何调节语音的神经辨别。在单标准和多标准古怪范式下研究了日语/ma/和/na/的神经辨析。在每个范式中，都存在音素内和跨音素条件。结果表明，单标准跨音素条件（单标准[ma] vs.偏差[na]）引发的错配负性最大，其次是单标准跨音素条件（单标准[na] vs.偏差[na]），然后是多标准跨音素条件（多标准[ma] vs.偏差[na]）。与单标准跨音素条件不同，多标准跨音素条件诱发了晚判别性否定。在多标准条件下，这种效应的时间较晚，表明任务在MMN和LDN水平上影响加工。未来的研究需要进一步确定不同因素（如语音）的大小如何影响语音加工。

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引用次数: 0

Individual differences in perception of prosody in Mandarin-accented speech are linked to pitch perception, melody memory, musical training, and neural encoding of sound 普通话口音语音中韵律感知的个体差异与音高感知、旋律记忆、音乐训练和声音的神经编码有关。

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105689

Amir Hossein Ghooch Kanloo , Magdalena Kachlicka , Kazuya Saito , Adam Tierney

There are large differences across individuals in the ability to perceive foreign-accented speech, and the sources of this variability are poorly understood. Here we tested the hypothesis that individual differences in auditory processing help drive variability in accented speech perception. We asked L1 English speakers to perceive prosodic features in Mandarin-accented English. Individuals who could precisely discriminate pitch and accurately remember melodic sequences, and who placed more emphasis on pitch information during prosodic categorization, were better able to perceive Mandarin-accented speech. Individuals with more musical training also demonstrated enhanced Mandarin-accented speech perception. Finally, we found that better Mandarin-accented speech perception was linked to more robust neural encoding of speech harmonics. These findings suggest that the precision of sound perception and robustness of memory for sound sequences are major factors driving variability in accented speech perception, and so auditory training could potentially help remediate poor perception of accented speech.

在感知外国口音的能力上，个体之间存在很大差异，而这种差异的来源却鲜为人知。在这里，我们测试了一个假设，即听觉处理的个体差异有助于驱动口音语音感知的变化。我们要求母语为英语的人感知普通话口音英语的韵律特征。能够准确区分音高并准确记住旋律序列的个体，以及在韵律分类过程中更加强调音高信息的个体，能够更好地感知普通话口音。接受更多音乐训练的人也表现出更强的普通话口音语音感知能力。最后，我们发现更好的普通话口音语音感知与更强大的语音谐波神经编码有关。这些研究结果表明，声音感知的准确性和对声音序列的记忆的稳健性是导致口音语音感知变化的主要因素，因此听觉训练可能有助于纠正口音语音的不良感知。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial: Developmental Language Disorder in Chinese 中文发展性语言障碍。

IF 2.3 2区心理学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Brain and Language

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2025.105686

Li Sheng , Anita Mei-Yin Wong

引用次数: 0